Aquarium golden catfish. Golden catfish (Corydoras aeneus)

Many people are interested in the question, why do cats have rough tongues? This is a multifunctional organ. It serves not only to aid in chewing food, but also for personal hygiene. A rough tongue is due to its specific structure. Under a microscope you can see that the organ is uneven and completely covered with small tubercles.

Why is a cat given a rough tongue by nature?

The cat does not have hands to pick up food or lift drink containers. However, without food the animal will simply die. Thanks to its rough tongue, the cat can lap up water and eat. Liquid and liquid food are retained between the protrusions, without rolling back from the surface, they are directed into the larynx.

The capillary papillae give the animal's tongue its characteristic roughness. These are keratinized projections curved towards the esophagus. Many growths cover the entire surface of the tongue and create a rough feeling. The organ feels like sandpaper to the touch.

Disadvantages of a cat's tongue being rough

The roughness of the tongue also has its disadvantages. The organ does not separate small objects, so the cat has to swallow everything that gets into its mouth - threads, feathers, wool. True, in this case, nature provided for its exit from the body through feces or when the cat burps.

The second disadvantage is that the animal cannot lick open wounds, as a dog does. A rough tongue only makes the pain worse. The structure of the organ can cause inflammation if food or a splinter gets stuck between the papillae. The cat will not always be able to reach them with its claws on its own.

Despite the many benefits nature gives to cats, a rough tongue can also cause harm. Some of the fur that gets into the stomach sometimes forms into large clumps that people have to remove using laxatives or surgery.

The cat has a multifunctional taste organ. It differs from a dog's in its roughness. No wonder V. Dahl called him a grater in his " Explanatory dictionary"The roughness is due to a specific structure. If you consider the tongue close-up you can notice many sharp tubercles that cover the entire area of ​​the cat's organ. These irregularities are called “capillary papillae” and provide great assistance to the animal in maintaining personal hygiene.

The structure of the taste organ in cats

The rough tongue of cats consists not only of capillary, but also elongated and mushroom-shaped papillae. They are located in certain areas of the cat's organ. The taste buds are located in these papillae.

The pet cannot detect sweet taste at the product.

The animal has a long and very mobile taste organ. It is flat and can take any shape: when a pet laps milk, the cat's tongue resembles a kitchen ladle. The keratinized projections, which can be examined in detail only under a microscope, help cope with licking fur and eating meat located in hard-to-reach places on the bones.

Pets tend to swallow their fur, threads and other small objects, since the capillary papillae are directed towards the larynx and it is impossible to separate them, so the owner must regularly comb the cat and not allow it to play with small materials at hand.

A cat's taste organ is made up of muscle tissue and the mucous membrane that covers the muscle. The scales help retain food that the cat licks off and clear dirt from the fur when the cat uses its tongue to clean itself.

Honoring the cat Ancient Egypt - Interesting Facts

Functions

In addition to holding food, combing and cleaning cat hair, the tongue pet performs a number of the following functions:

• Thermoregulation of the cat's body. IN hot weather the pet actively licks the fur and the tip of its nose so that the saliva, evaporating, lowers its body temperature.
• Health status indicator. White color- dysfunction digestive system. Black - lack of vitamins in the animal’s diet. Gray or pale brown - problems with respiratory system cats. Raid yellow color signals about liver or kidney disease in the animal. Pale tongue - heart disease or blood vessels. Ulcers, spots or other formations are a reason to take your pet to the veterinary clinic.

The taste organ in cats is extremely multifunctional: it not only helps chew food, but is also indispensable for personal hygiene. The reason why cats have rough tongues lies in their specific structure. If you observe a cat's tongue under a microscope, you will find that it is extremely uneven and covered with sharp tubercles. All this is no coincidence and provides invaluable benefits to the cat.

A cat, unlike a dog, does not like to show off its tongue. We see it when the animal yawns, laps up liquid, or washes itself. It is worth recognizing that the ability to drink by extending the tongue in the form of a “ladle” aerobatics. How does the cat manage to do this?

If you look at a cat's tongue under a microscope, it becomes clear why it is so functional. The surface is covered with keratinized projections, the so-called “capillary papillae”. All of them are directed back, more precisely, towards the larynx. These protrusions give the cat's tongue its characteristic roughness.

IN wildlife representatives of the cat family use the tongue as a “file”, which removes meat from the smallest crevices in the bones of prey. It also plays an important role in the cat’s toilet; thanks to constant licking, the animal maintains the skin in perfect condition, removing loose hairs and combing the fur.

Because of this structure of the tongue, cats often find themselves in unpleasant situations at home. Probably, many owners have encountered the fact that their pet eats completely inedible objects: threads, serpentine.

The fact is that the protrusions on the tongue (the reason why cats have a rough tongue) do not allow small objects that the cat has taken into its mouth during play to be separated from the tongue. At some point, the animal has no choice but to swallow them. For the same reason, a cat swallows fur when licking itself.

A cat's tongue is often compared to sandpaper; it is not surprising that these animals do not tend to lick their wounds. If dogs are considered true "healers", then a cat's tongue with its hard surface will only cause even more pain.

A rough tongue can sometimes cause inflammation. For example, if a cat swallows a prickly seed of a plant, it can get stuck in the “scales” of the tongue, injuring it and causing inflammation. It can be extremely difficult to remove such a splinter, especially if it is small.

Golden catfish or Corydoras aeneus - detailed description, photos, videos, features of keeping and breeding in a home aquarium

Description of the genus “Corydoras”

Order: Cypriniformes
Suborder: Catfish (Siluroidei)
Family: Armored catfish (Callichthyidae)

inhabit Central America, northern and central parts of South America. They usually live in silty, slow-flowing and standing waters.

The body is stocky, slightly elongated in length, with a high anterior part, the belly profile is almost straight, the sides are somewhat flattened and covered with 2 rows of bone plates. There are a pair of antennae on the upper and lower jaws. Caudal fin two-blade. Pectoral fin with a powerful spiny ray. The pectoral and ventral fins are well developed. There is an adipose fin. The male has the upper end dorsal fin pointed, in the female it is rounded. A female ready for spawning has a curved abdominal profile.

Fish have additional intestinal respiration, so it is necessary to provide access to the surface of the water to capture air. They love shelter, but also willingly lie on rocks and snags. They dig in the ground in search of food. A group of fish can be kept in community aquarium, in places there are thickets, stones and snags.

Feed: live, substitutes. Taken from the ground.

For spawning, it is preferable to plant a group of fish at the age of 1.5 years (4-6 males and 2-3 females or 2-3 males and 1 female), which are kept separately for a week before this. Spawning both in general and in a spawning aquarium with a length of 70 cm, arranged as a general one. Frequent addition of fresh water stimulates spawning.

The females begin to swim restlessly, pursued by the males. Then one of them stands sideways in front of the female’s head and releases sperm, while the female at this time lays several eggs in the pelvic fins folded in a scoop and swims through the cloud of sperm. In some fish species, the female then cleans a plant leaf, aquarium glass, or some other solid object and glues the eggs to it, pressing against it and opening the ventral fins; in other species, it opens its pelvic fins and swims among small-leaved plants (aquarists most often use Java moss as a substrate), leaving sticky eggs on them. This process is repeated several times and can last from several hours to 3 days, depending on the type of fish.

At this time, it is recommended to feed the fish with enchytraeus or tubifex so that they are not hungry, because. often the female eats the eggs. After spawning, the fish are removed or the substrate with eggs is transferred to an incubator (if the eggs are deposited on the glass of the aquarium, they are carefully removed with a razor). The incubation period depends on the temperature and type of fish and is 3-12 days; the fry swim in 1-4 days.

Starter food: live dust.

Other species of the genus:

Golden catfish: keeping and breeding fish.

Size up to 7 cm.

Lives in water bodies of South America.

Males are slightly smaller than females and have a sharper dorsal fin.

Golden catfish - bottom fish. Very unpretentious, peaceful. Lives in water of any chemical composition.

Temperature for keeping from 23 to 28 °C.

Just like the previous view, golden catfish undemanding to oxygen dissolved in water. Takes dry and live food. When actively searching for food, it constantly digs into the ground, stirring up bottom sediments. Catfish prefer twilight lighting. If the aquarium is heavily lit, choose places in it that are protected from direct light by plant leaves, darkened shelters and various crevices. When designing an aquarium, this feature of catfish and other fish species should be taken into account.

Preparation for spawning and the spawning tank are the same as for the previous species. Spawning occurs when temperature changes and decreases atmospheric pressure. It is desirable that these factors coincide.

The chemical composition of the water does not matter when diluting. The temperature in the spawning tank should be within the temperature range for maintenance, but it is better to increase it by 2-3 °C. The eggs are spawned on the leaves of plants or side walls aquarium The eggs can be left in the aquarium by removing the spawners from the spawning area and installing a sprayer next to the egg laying. You can carefully scrape the eggs from the glass with a razor blade and place them in a clean aquarium with a perforator net set 3 cm below the water level. Water is poured into this aquarium from the spawning tank. The caviar is scattered in an even layer over the mesh and a sprayer is installed. The caviar, like that of other catfish species, is hard. After 2-3 days the larvae emerge, and after another 5-6 days they turn into fry.

Starter feed- brine shrimp, finely chopped tubifex.

When raising a significant number of fry, it is necessary to take into account that most catfish and their fry do not tolerate a sharp decline pH values ​​caused by dense packing of fry and big amount organic deposits in water.

The female lays about 150 eggs. The interval between litters is 10-12 days.

Video

Golden catfish / Corydoras aeneus - Aquarium tropical fish #20

Spawning of Corydoras aeneus

Golden catfish, Catfish want to become Dolphins / Corydoras aeneus

gold coridorases -Corydoras aeneus

Golden Corydoras (Corydoras aeneus) - albino form speckled corydoras, highlighted in separate species. Belongs to the family of callichtid catfishes. This species is also known as golden, golden or bronze catfish. Distributed in South America. Has several color variations- gold, pale gold, bronze, black, for which the changeable corridor is also called.

The size of adult fish does not exceed 7cm. Females are larger and have a rounded abdomen.

Golden Corydoras live 6-15 years.

Conditions

When choosing an aquarium, they are guided by ratio: 1 individual – 10l. It is advisable to purchase in a group of 4-5 fish, since the species is schooling. A 50L tank is suitable for this amount, but it is recommended that it be low, but with large area bottom.

Water parameters: temperature - 20-26°C (withstands a short increase to 28-30°C and a decrease to 14°C), hardness - up to 15-20°dH (soft water is more comfortable for golden catfish), acidity - 6- 7pH. Water changes are done once a week, the volume of fresh water is about 30%.

A filter is required, a compressor is optional, but it’s better to have one. If there is a lid, then there should be a gap under it for the golden catfish to access the air.

Plants - any, but within reasonable limits (catfish need access to the surface and a place to swim). – rounded pebbles or sand (they like to dig in it). The scenery includes all kinds of grottoes and shelters. Lighting is dim, diffused; golden corydoras do not like bright light.

Feeding

Goldens are omnivores; they will no problem eat anything that falls to the bottom (the main thing is that, if there are nimble neighbors, something gets there). They love the pipeweed very much. Special food is also suitable for them. bottom fish(tablets, granules). Feed twice a day, the second time in the late evening.

Compatibility with other fish

The golden catfish is peaceful, calm, and absolutely gets along with all peaceful small fish. This species is an excellent choice for community aquariums.

It is worth considering that they have a very negative attitude towards salt dissolved in water, so you should not add neighbors who need it even in small quantities.

Naturally, it is necessary to exclude aggressive and very large fish.

Reproduction

To obtain offspring from golden catfish, you will need a spawning tank of at least 25 liters, with broad-leaved plants, a filter (preferably a sponge) and aeration. You can put Java moss on the bottom, and light one of the walls a little brighter than the others (it is on this wall that the eggs will most likely be laid). Water temperature – 18-22°C.

Already well-rounded females are used for spawning. There should be more males. Also, golden corydoras are excellent spawners in a flock.

Spawning is stimulated by daily changes of half the volume of water and lowering its temperature by several degrees.

The fish are placed in the spawning area in the evening, spawning begins in the morning and lasts about two hours. As soon as spawning is completed, the spawners are removed in order to avoid eating the eggs. There are cases when fish, having spawned in a common aquarium, did not touch the eggs, but the number of surviving fry in this case is significantly reduced.

If it so happens that your golden catfish laid eggs in a common aquarium, you can try to carefully cut it off with a blade and transfer it to the incubator (the eggs should not come into contact with air).

The number of eggs that a female can spawn is 30-200 large eggs. The larvae appear on days 3-5, and in about 3 more days they transform into fry. At 24°C, the eggs hatch unevenly, so it is better to increase it to 26-27°C after the parents are deposited.

The fry of the golden catfish are fed with ciliates, Artemia nauplii, and nematodes.

Puberty occurs after 7 months.

Video: golden corridor