Reserves and sanctuaries as specially protected natural areas. What is a reserve? Significant differences between a nature reserve and a nature reserve
Either their individual types, or individual historical, memorial or geological objects.
1. State natural reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance. 2. Declaring a territory as a state nature reserve is permitted both with and without withdrawal from users, owners and possessors of land plots. 3. State nature reserves can be of federal or regional significance. ........ 5. State natural reserves of federal significance are under the jurisdiction of state bodies of the Russian Federation specially authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation and are financed from the federal budget and other sources not prohibited by law.
To ensure the integrity of protected objects in reserves Certain types of economic activities are prohibited, such as hunting, fishing, haymaking, and grazing, while other activities that do not affect protected areas may be permitted.
There are currently 69 operating in Russia reserves federal significance with a total area of about 170,000 sq. km in 45 federal subjects, as well as almost 12 thousand regional reserves.
see also
Links
- Approximate regulations on State natural reserves in the Russian Federation
- Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas"
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See what “Refuges” are in other dictionaries: Wildlife sanctuaries - protected areas, only partially withdrawn from the sphere of economic use; for example, hunting and fishing reserves. Wed. reserves, national parks and natural monuments. Ecological Dictionary. Alma Ata: "Science". B.A. Bykov... ...
- (state nature reserves), territories (water areas) of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance of the region. Wildlife sanctuaries can be federal or... Geographical encyclopedia
RESERVES- territories in which certain types and forms of economic activity are permanently or temporarily prohibited to ensure the protection of one or more components of the natural complex: plants, animals, communities, minerals, etc. By... ... Dictionary of botanical terms
RESERVES- A nature reserve is a territory declared for the purpose of conservation, reproduction and restoration of natural complexes and objects, natural resources of one or more types in combination with limited and coordinated use of others... ... Law of Belarus: Concepts, terms, definitions
State natural reserve protected areas with a custom regime or a regulated regime of economic activity, intended for the conservation and reproduction of one or several objects of the state natural reserve fund.... ... Wikipedia
There are no nature reserves in the Tomsk region, there are only nature reserves: 15 zoological reserves: Tomsk Verkhne Sorovsky Ilovsky Kaltaisky Karegodsky Ketsky Malo Yuksinsky Oktyabrsky Sturgeon nelma Paninsky Pershinsky Poskoevsky ... ... Wikipedia
- Item no. Name of the protected object Area, hectares Location Type Enterprise, institution, organization in charge of which the object is located Name of the body, number and date of the decision on the creation of the protected object 1 Arabatsky 600, 0 Leninsky district, ... ... Wikipedia
State nature reserves of the Yaroslavl region of Federal significance (1) Name and location Area, hectares Responsible organization Borders Yaroslavl (zoological), Danilovsky and Nekrasovsky MR 14300 Yaroslavl regional ... ... Wikipedia
complex reserves- kompleksinis draustinis statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Kartografinis draustinis, kuriame saugoma ypatingoje geografinėje padėtyje esanti vietovė. atitikmenys: engl. complex corservation area; complex nature reserves vok.… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
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- Environmental law. Textbook , . The textbook outlines the course “Environmental Law”, which corresponds to the programs and current requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education for students...
Nature reserve- this is an area that is allocated for the restoration or preservation of certain natural complexes or their individual representatives of flora or fauna, as well as for maintaining ecological balance.
A reserve is allocated to any area of land - land or water, within which certain types of human activities are strictly prohibited or limited. Nature reserves are under state protection and have federal or regional status. To officially declare a territory a reserve, it is not necessary to seize it from its owners and users.
What is the difference between a nature reserve and a nature reserve? The main difference is that the reserve has a more strict restriction on human presence in the protected area, since the purpose of creating the reserve is to protect all representatives of flora and fauna, as well as their natural habitat. And the goal of any reserve is the preservation and development of certain species of animals, birds and plants,
In nature reserves, the restrictions are not so large-scale and strict. They relate only to certain types of human activity or have a time frame. If any plant species are protected on the territory of the reserve, then grazing and haymaking may be prohibited, but hunting and fishing are permitted. In case of unfavorable weather conditions, feeding of animals is usually organized in reserves. But in nature reserves such events are not carried out in order to minimize the human impact on the biosphere.
According to their profile, State reserves are hunting, botanical or hydrological, and reserves are natural, landscape, historical, archaeological. There are even museum-reserves that include a part of the city, a park, or an estate that has architectural or historical value.
Game reserves are designed to preserve certain animal populations. In these territories, not only hunting and fishing are prohibited, but also deforestation, road construction, and reclamation work. It should be noted that temporary restrictions may be introduced on trapping and hunting.
In landscape, botanical or hydrological reserves, protective functions and prohibitions are closely related to research work carried out on their territory.
If you are going to visit the territory of the reserve, you must familiarize yourself in advance with the rules of conduct and restrictions in force in the area.
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To enjoy the unusual taste of flower tea, you don’t have to go to exotic countries. In our country there is a big variety of herbs, combining them with each other in different proportions, you can discover the unique taste and aroma of this familiar drink to many.
We offer you spicy aromatic teas made from herbs collected in mountains of Krasnodar region. All plants are carefully dried in a Russian oven, and the collections are compiled according to taste with love and from the heart. Floral spicy aromatic tea beneficial affects the nervous system, increases performance, removes stress and gives people longevity and health.
You can order from us a collection of herbs for brewing herbal tea
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Our teas
Yarrow, motherwort, elecampane.
Properties:
Calming.
Gastric.
Anthelmintic.
Anti-inflammatory
Brewing method:
Pour in a thermos overnight. Take small sips throughout the day
The most powerful soothing, cordial tea. Despite its bitter taste, it is aromatic and therefore remains in first place among our harvests.
Melissa, oregano, lavender, rose.
Properties:
Calms.
Restores vision.
Anti-cold.
Painkiller.
Improves memory.
Spicy-aromatic, very fragrant tea from a mixture of lemon, fragrant lavender and rose aromas. It's good to drink before bed or after a bath. Weight 45g. Price
Blackberry, oregano, mint, rose.
Properties:
Anti-cold.
Improves digestion.
Sedative.
Gastric.
Heart
Spiced tea with fermented blackberries, the refreshing taste of mint, tart oregano and sweet rose, for true connoisseurs of flower tea at any time of the day.
Blackberry, catnip, acacia, linden.
Properties:
Sedative.
Diaphoretic.
Gastric.
Anti-cold.
Cleaning.
Renal
Tea with a very sweet aroma of acacia, catnip, linden and blackberry. Unforgettable romantic, delicious and warming evening tea. Good to take with you to the bathhouse.
Hyssop, catnip, clover, rose.
Properties:
Anti-cold
expectorant
antiseptic
tonic
restores and strengthens the immune system.
Lightly tonic spicy morning tea.
Brewing method:
Can be smoked, but best brewed as tea.
Mexican tarragon makes a very tasty and fragrant tea, since the herb itself is very aromatic. It gives slight relaxation, but at the same time, if you focus on something, it allows you to fully concentrate on the subject, which determines its use in meditation practice.
Marigold (Tagetes lucida, Mexican Tarragon, Mexican tarragon) is a very popular plant in Mexico. Used by local Indians as a seasoning for food, as well as in traditional medicine to treat stomach, nerves, colds and relieve hangovers. The leaves have a very pleasant anise aroma and a sweetish taste. The leaves are used to make tea, which is very popular in Mexico.
Marigolds received their Latin name in honor of the character of Roman mythology, the grandson of the god Jupiter - Tages, famous for his beauty and ability to predict the future.
Our teas
Catnip, oregano, clover, rose.
Properties:
Anti-cold.
Painkiller
For headaches, melancholy (uplifts mood).
Increases appetite.
Aromatic, delicious tea for a good mood and a pleasant pastime at any time of the day.
Melissa, oregano, linden, rosemary.
Properties:
Improves digestion.
Improves cerebral circulation.
Anti-cold.
Improves memory.
Removes toxins (cleansing).
Brewing method:
Brew twice. The first time 5-10 minutes, the second time longer. Rosemary will show its qualities more clearly. Completely different, wonderful taste. You could say – two teas in one!
An incomparable spicy tea with a strong aroma reminiscent of pine.
Lofant, St. John's wort, mint, horsetail.
Properties:
For heart.
Immunostimulant.
For weight loss.
Cleanses the blood.
Reduces blood pressure.
Treats prostatitis.
Removes radionuclides and waste.
Improves potency.
Rejuvenating, immune-restoring, very tasty mint-anise aromatic cordial tea.
Knotweed, lemon balm.
Properties:
Calming.
Painkiller.
Anti-flu.
Lactogenic.
Hemostatic.
Antihemorrhoidal.
A soothing, restorative tea for those who are in love with lemon balm. Knotweed is a very useful herb; a list of all its properties can take a whole page. She came to us from Tibet. We have been looking for it for many years, for one of its properties. The second name for knotweed is hemorrhoid grass. Cures hemorrhoids in ONE week.
Melissa, stevia, clover, currant, walnut, mulberry.
Properties:
Vitamin.
Anti-inflammatory.
Restores metabolism.
Antihelmintic.
Reduces sugar.
Sweet tea with a pleasant taste of currants and walnuts. The sweetness of tea comes from stevia leaves (a sweet herb), which is 300 times sweeter than sugar.
Rue, tarragon, lavender, yamcorci, rosemary,
Properties:
Tonic.
Brewing method:
Brew in a thermos. A level teaspoon per glass of boiling water.
Tea for men.
All herbs promote the production of testosterone in the body, which is very good for athletes (working with iron) and other “romantic” activities...
Our teas
Amaranth, thyme, clover, linden.
Properties: Increases immunity. Antitumor. Anti-cold. Cleanses the blood. Removes toxins. Brewing method: Can be brewed twice. The first time is 5-10 minutes as usual, the second time is longer than 3-4 hours. The tea acquires a beautiful amber color and a different taste. Rejuvenating tea for weight loss, with the pleasant taste of thyme and the amazing properties of amaranth - a symbol of immortality. Amaranth contains 8-15% squalene. Squalene is a natural hydrocarbon that, when reacting with water in the human body, produces huge amounts of oxygen, the deficiency of which is the main cause of aging. Oregano, lavender, primrose, lemon balm, dogwood, viburnum, rose hips, rowan. Soothing, anti-cold, vitamin tea. Contains many wild berries. Beautiful, tasty, aromatic and healthy tea.Our teas
"Amazing tea"
Brewing method: The tea is very rich, no more than a teaspoon per glass of boiling water. Aromatic, very tasty tea. The composition, which includes seventeen herbs, in my opinion (even if it is subjective) is the best of the best. And some are included only in this tea - thymus, tarragon, rue, black elderberry flowers, horsetail, knotweed, sweet clover, linden, currants, thyme, mint, primrose, meadowsweet, lavender, St. John's wort, oregano, lemon balm. This TEA BALM is for health and good mood. Marigold radiata or Mexican tarragon Ingredients: marigold radiata. PROPERTIES: Anesthetic Digestive improver Diuretic Antipyretic Hypotonic (pressure lowering) Sedative Marigolds have a thousand-year history of use as a medicinal and ritual plant, as well as as a seasoning. The Aztecs used dried Mexican tarragon powder to render captives unconscious before sacrificing them. The Hucholls Indians still use it today in religious ceremonies.Reserves are areas of land, water surface and air space above them where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health value, which must be withdrawn in whole or in part from economic use. A special security regime should be established for them. These include state reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments and protected forest areas.
Specially protected natural areas are a resource for ecological tourism (ecology is the science of human interaction with the environment (natural, technogenic, anthropogenic, social, psychological, cultural, national, etc.)).
A reserve is an environmental institution whose territories include natural complexes and objects of unique environmental value.
The purpose of using the reserve: 1) environmental protection 2) scientific 3) scientific and educational 4) recreational (very limited).
The territories of the reserve, based on the purpose of use, are divided into several zones, each of which has its own functional significance (See Fig. 1).
I - zone of protected regime, interaction between the living and plant world occurs without human intervention.
II - environmental monitoring zone, which can contain weather stations and mini laboratories for operational analysis of soil, water, and air.
III - zone of scientific education can (gardeners' laboratories, conduct ecological routes).
IV - economic and administrative zone (houses for staff, warehouses).
A particularly important role in nature conservation work is played by state reserves, created to ensure the safety of all natural complexes concentrated in a certain area of particularly great scientific and cultural interest. In this area, all economic activities must be stopped: forest cutting (except selective sanitary), grass cutting, grazing, hunting, etc. The main significance of nature reserves is to serve as standards of nature, to be a place for learning about the course of natural processes not disturbed by man. The reserves have become the basis for the conservation, reproduction and elimination of the threat of extinction of many rare species of plants and animals such as beaver, wild ass, bison, sika deer, tiger, leopard, sable, common eider, flamingo, etc.
The foundations of nature conservation in Russia were laid by prominent environmental scientists, such as: P. Borodin, G.A. Kozhevnikov, A.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, D.K. Soloviev. The idea of creating the first Russian state reserves was warmly supported by G.F. Morozov and V.N. Sukachev.
Currently, state reserves have the status of environmental research organizations in Russia and have been conducting long-term scientific research for more than 60 years under the unified “Chronicle of Nature” program. These studies are the basis for environmental monitoring and control of the state of the natural environment. In the 90s XX century in Russia there were more than 80 reserves, including 16 biosphere reserves, with a total area of more than 20 million hectares, which accounted for 1.2% of the country's territory. The international Russian-Finnish reserve “Friendship-2” was opened, work was carried out to create new international reserves in the border areas: Russian-Norwegian, Russian-Mongolian.
Among Russian nature reserves, the main place is occupied by 16 UNESCO biosphere reserves. Six of these reserves have integrated background monitoring (forecast) stations. These stations provide data on chemical pollution of reference protected ecosystems. In many reserves, nurseries have been created in which the most valuable gene pool is preserved, rare species of animals are studied and bred.
Wildlife sanctuaries
Sanctuaries are protected areas where one of the components of nature is protected.
There are different types of wildlife sanctuaries, as well as the permitted recreational activities within them (see Table 1).
Table 1
Permitted activities depending on the type of reserve
The creation of hunting and fishing reserves is widely practiced. This category of protected areas differs from nature reserves in that it is only partial or selective in nature, and not comprehensive, as in nature reserves. In nature reserves, individual species of animals, plants, or part of a natural complex are protected for a number of years or constantly, in certain seasons or year-round. The economic use of other natural resources is permitted in a form that does not cause damage to the protected object or complex.
The reserves are varied in their purposes. They serve to restore or increase the number of game animals (game reserves), are created to provide a favorable environment for birds during nesting, molting, migrations and wintering (ornithological), protect fish spawning sites, feeding grounds for juveniles or places of their winter aggregations, and especially preserve valuable forest groves, individual landscape areas of great aesthetic and cultural significance (landscape reserves).
The total number of reserves in the 90s. XX century in Russia there were 1519, of which 71 were federal, 1448 were local. They occupied 3% of the country's territory.
Sanctuaries, unlike other systems of environmental territories, are an extremely dynamic and mobile form of protection of natural objects.
Reserve(in Belarus also reservation) - a protected natural area in which both the entire natural complex (if the reserve is complex) and some of its parts can be protected: only plants, only animals (or their individual species), or individual historical, memorial or geological objects.
In Russia, according to the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas”:
…
- State natural reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance.
- Declaring a territory as a state nature reserve is permitted both with and without withdrawal from users, owners and possessors of land plots.
- State nature reserves can be of federal or regional significance.
Management of state natural reserves of federal significance is carried out by federal state budgetary institutions, including those managing state natural reserves and national parks.
- State natural reserves of federal significance are under the jurisdiction of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.
To ensure the integrity of protected objects in reserves, certain types of economic activities are prohibited, for example, such as hunting, while other types of activities that do not affect the protected objects are prohibited. can be allowed (if the reserve is not complex). These types of activities can be haymaking, grazing, and so on.
As of 2015, there were 70 state nature reserves in Russia federal significance, the total area of which was 13.05 million hectares, including 2.9 million hectares of water areas. In 2014-2015, 5 reserves of federal significance (Sumarokovsky, Bairovsky, Lebediny, Stepnoy and Tomsky) were transformed into reserves of regional significance. The number of federal reserves has been reduced to 65.
Number of state nature reserves regional significance significantly higher and, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, at the end of 2013 it was 2,238 units. The area they occupy (excluding marine areas) exceeds 45.0 million hectares or 38% of the area of all
Almost everyone is aware. But few people know what a reserve is and how exactly it differs from a reserve. Well, it’s time to expand your horizons and understand this issue in more detail.
Nature reserves
Once upon a time, the old Russian word “order” had a completely different meaning than it does now. It meant to make something inaccessible or forbidden. That is, “order” meant “prohibit.” A natural reserve is an area that is of particular importance for the restoration or conservation of certain or their individual components, as well as for maintaining ecological balance.
Within a given area, certain types of flora or fauna of forest, meadow, steppe or water areas are protected: rocks, valleys, caves, lakes, rivers, etc. In order to have a more precise idea of what a reserve is, imagine that The state allocates any area of land or water within which certain types of human activities are strictly prohibited or limited. To officially declare a territory a reserve, it is not necessary to seize it from its owners and users. Natural reserves are always under state protection and have federal or regional status.
How does a reserve differ from a nature reserve?
Let us continue to study the question of what a reserve is and how it differs from a nature reserve. As mentioned above, the goal of any reserve is the preservation and development of certain species of animals, birds and plants, in contrast to nature reserves, the purpose of which is to protect all living beings inhabiting the protected area and the plants in it. That is why any type of economic and industrial activity, as well as hunting and fishing, are prohibited in the reserves. But in nature reserves the restrictions are not so large-scale and strict. They concern only individuals or have a time frame. For example, if any plant species are protected on the territory of the reserve, then hunting and fishing may be permitted.
In case of unfavorable weather conditions (excessively frosty winters, drought, etc.), animal feeding is usually organized in reserves. In nature reserves, such events are not provided for by the rules, since human intervention is kept to a minimum. State reserves are hunting, botanical or hydrological, and reserves are natural, historical, landscape, archaeological. There are even museum-reserves that include a park, part of the city or an estate of historical value.
Types of reserves and security activities carried out on their territories
In order to better understand what a reserve is, you need to take a closer look at their different types. Hunting reserves are created to preserve animal populations. As you know, in our time, many species of fauna are endangered and are listed in the Red Book. On the territory of such a farm, bans are introduced on land reclamation work, road construction and construction. All these restrictions are aimed at preventing any impact on the habitat of protected living objects. Bans on trapping and hunting are also introduced, both temporary and permanent.
Feeders and special feeding areas are arranged for birds and animals. In areas prone to flooding, for example, during a flood, restrictive dams are built to prevent flooding of meadow rodent burrows and to preserve bird nests, anthills and bumblebee nests.
In landscape, botanical or hydrological reserves, protective functions and prohibitions are closely related to research work carried out on their territory.
The most famous nature reserves in Russia
There are more than 70 federal reserves on the territory of the Russian Federation. Of these, some of the oldest are the Priazovsky, Voronezhsky, Tyumensky and Tseysky natural reserves. All of them were founded in 1958.
But the youngest can be considered the “Leopard Sanctuary” (founded in 2011) and “Dzeren Valley” (founded in 2008). The largest are (its area of 42,000 km2 is comparable in size to the territory of the Netherlands), Burkalsky (19,570 km2) and Purinsky (7,875 km2).
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