The task is to parse a sentence. To help schoolchildren: parsing sentences
We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another. Order in parsing. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences. Errors when parsing a simple sentence§4. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence.
The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication, subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. Select the required phrase from the sentence. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.
It is important to follow the parsing order. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence. First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We draw a proposal diagram. First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones.
We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. By meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. I. Analyze the proposal by members. II. Divide the sentence into parts, number the parts in order. III. Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme: 1. According to the purpose of the statement: – narrative, – interrogative, – motivating.
In a simple sentence:
A direct object is an object in the accusative case without a preposition, referring to the member of the sentence expressed by a transitive verb. They mainly connect parts of a complex sentence, but can also be used in a simple sentence to connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members. If we have a sentence in front of us, then select phrases from it. Naturally, the characteristics of a phrase differ from the characteristics of a sentence, because a phrase is not an independent syntactic unit, like a sentence.
But a simple sentence has only one grammatical basis, and complex ones have more than one. Therefore, for the latter it is important to identify the nature of the syntactic connection between the parts. That is, the parsing schemes for simple and complex sentences have important differences. When starting parsing, it is important to understand what units of syntax you are parsing and what is required for this.
In a sentence that has homogeneous members.
1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, and from it raise a question to the dependent one. 3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: coordination, control, adjacency. The second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis, we went with the class, common, not complicated.
An example of parsing a complex sentence
A sentence with direct speech, direct speech is in preposition in relation to the words of the author. The author's words are a simple sentence, two-part, unextended, complete, uncomplicated.
The simplest way to respond to an invalid input token string is to terminate the parsing and display an error message. However, it is often useful to find as many errors as possible in one parse attempt. When an error is encountered, the parser passes the input tokens one at a time until one of a specially defined set of synchronizing tokens is found. Sometimes, when an error is encountered, the parser may make local adjustments to the input stream so that it can continue running.
Naturally, this strategy is powerless if the actual error occurred before the point at which the parser detected the error. When such productions are triggered, an error is logged, but the parser continues to operate as normal. Word order in a sentence refers to the sequential arrangement of its members.
Changing the usual, direct order of words in a sentence leads to their semantic and emotional emphasis. Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade.
Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.
The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse. Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence. At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence. Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.
And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main sentence and what it refers to.
Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples. Parsing requires knowledge and skills. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate was not specified, common, not complicated. Parsing - In computer science, parsing is the process of matching a linear sequence of lexemes (words, tokens) of a language with its formal grammar.
Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you the correct sequence of actions that will help you cope with this task easier.
Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.
According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:
- narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
- interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
- incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).
Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.
The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.
The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.
Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.
At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:
- exclamation marks - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
- non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).
Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.
The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:
- simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
- complex sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).
In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.
First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.
Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.
A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:
- one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
- two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).
Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).
Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.
Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:
- widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
- uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).
Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complete or incomplete.
Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.
- full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
- incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).
When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.
Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.
A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:
- “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
- “He, the commissar, had to become on par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).
Stage 8 for a simple sentence
First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.
Stage 9 for a simple sentence
In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.
Look at a sample parsing sentence:
- Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, moved, did not, stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, isolated definition (participial phrase), isolated adverbial circumstance (adverbial phrase).
- Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.
Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.
Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:
- allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit.”(L. Tolstoy);
- non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).
Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:
- intonation;
- coordinating conjunctions;
- subordinating conjunctions.
Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.
Classification of complex sentences:
- compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
- complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
- complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
- sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act and then think” (L. Tolstoy).
The connection between the parts of a non-union complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.
Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.
Define:
- what does the subordinate clause refer to;
- whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
- what question does it answer?
Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:
- sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
- parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
- homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)
Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.
Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.
Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.
In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:
Conclusion
The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.
Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.
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Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.
Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in the school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.
What does parsing show?
There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as the analysis or parsing of syntactic units with primary highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: highlight the terms + characterize them + draw a diagram.
Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what parsing a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are analyzed according to their composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, in elementary school the process is called analysis of proposals by members. However, in middle and high school it takes on a deeper meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that analysis of sentences by composition is not carried out in Russian language classes.
The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions performed first. To make the speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.
The secondary members of the sentence allow us to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their goal is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.
At the next stage, you will have to parse the sentence according to. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you need to choose the right one by asking the question:
- vile – noun, place;
- tale - ch., cr. adj., noun;
- def. – adj., place., number;
- add. – noun, place;
- obst. – adverb, noun. with a pretext.
Taking into account the above, a more or less clear idea emerges of what syntactic parsing of a sentence is. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.
Characteristics of syntactic units
It is necessary to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to carry out a detailed description. The characteristics of a sentence in the text presuppose a certain algorithm.
Define the type:
- according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
- by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
We find the grammatical basis.
We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence and the means of their expression.
We describe the structure of a syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:
- by composition: one-part (defined-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
- by prevalence: widespread or not widespread;
- by completeness: complete or incomplete.
- what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, address, introductory constructions.
Determine which This type includes a complex sentence:
- compound sentences (CCS) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating conjunction;
- complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main word, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of construction (what the subordinate word refers to, how the subordinate word is attached), we determine the type of the latter;
- non-union complex sentence (BCS) - we establish how many simple parts the syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).
We give the reasoning for why we put these are the punctuation marks.
If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.
It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.
There's more here parameters for analysis.
After the complex sentence from the examples has been parsed into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.
Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems completing the task number 4.
How to make a diagram
It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent grade. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the units being described.
- Highlight the subject by underlining it with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
- Find the minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
- Sentences with a revolution or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final diagram. The participial phrase is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot/dotted line is emphasized. Participial phrase stands out on both sides with vertical lines, and is emphasized by a wavy line.
- The conjunction is not included in the scheme of a complex sentence; it is taken outside the framework of the stem. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions and allied words are enclosed in an oval.
Important! Before you draw up a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is designated in the diagram by the letter “O” and separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.
Scheme of proposal It’s easy to make up direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, placing appropriate punctuation marks between them.
Example of parsing a simple sentence
Let's write down an example and start analyzing.
I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.
Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:
- “I” – vile, expressed personal. places;
- “Didn’t see” – simple ch. tale, expressed verb. will express it in the form. incl. past vr.;
Stage II: Let's find out which members of the sentence form the grammatical basis. Here it will be “I didn’t see”, so we are dealing with a simple sentence.
In a specific example, all minor members joined the predicate:
- didn’t see (what?) the lake – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.;
- lake (which one?) is more magnificent – disagree, def, expressed adj. in compare degrees;
- more magnificent than (what?) Baikal – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.
Stage III: at the end of the process they give general characteristics of a simple sentence in Russian:
- by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
- according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
- intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, at the end there is a punctuation mark - a period.
Stage IV: syntactic analysis a simple sentence presupposes the scheme [- =].
More problems are caused by the syntactic parsing of sentences with participles. See his examples below.
Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove was visible.
Characteristics: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate dep. about.
Scheme: [, I adverbial phrase I, = — ].
Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members and phrases are parsed in a similar way.
Simple sentences with participles should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turn is, then its parts are parsed into words.
Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind a hill and was illuminating the translucent, small, low clouds.
Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, homogeneous tales. connected by a non-repeating conjunction “and”, therefore a comma is not placed between them, but commas must be placed between definitions, they have a non-union connection, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous tales. and def.
Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].
Analysis of complex sentences
Home exercises in Russian regularly contain a mandatory task under the number 4. There are various examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.
Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.
Complex sentences need to be analyzed based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.
The analysis of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it would be done analysis of the proposal by composition, but indicating the type of subordination and the combination of these types. Below are examples of complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, visually demonstrating analysis.
Sample SPP with sequential obedience: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that their grandmother loved.
Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex, conjunction, its parts are connected by a subordination with sequential subordination, consists of two simple ones.
Scheme: [- =], (which = (which = -).
Sample BSC: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.
Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex sentence, has two grammatical stems, conjunctive, complex. The conjunction “and” expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous objects. condition.
Scheme: [- =], and [=].
BSP sample: The wind howls, thunder rumbles.
Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex non-union.
Scheme: [- =], [- =].
Parsing a simple sentence
How to parse
Conclusion
If you have sentences and examples with diagrams in front of your eyes, then visual memory is automatically triggered. This helps well on control dictations and independent ones. This way you can learn automatically and parse accurately proposals (if the examples are chosen correctly) cover all the criteria necessary for the analysis.
OFFER
Offer - this is a word or group of words that are related in meaning; from one word to another you can pose a question. A sentence expresses a complete thought.
The first word in a sentence is written with a capital letter, and a period, exclamation or question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.
Every sentence is spoken for a purpose.
According to the purpose of making sentences, there are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.
Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).
Interrogative sentence is a sentence in which something is asked.
Incentive offer - this is a sentence in which they encourage action, advise or ask to do something.
By intonation there are offers exclamation and non-exclamation.
exclamation clause is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. An exclamation point (!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without strong feeling. A period (.) or a question mark (?) is placed at the end of a non-exclamatory sentence.
The offer includes main And minor members.
Main members of the proposal - this is the subject and the predicate.
Subject - this is the main member of the sentence, which names what or whom the sentence is about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is emphasized by one line.
Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what are they doing? what will it do? what did you do? what will he do? The predicate is emphasized by two features.
Members of the sentence
Main |
|
Examples | Information |
Subject
- the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, or has a certain characteristic. Answers questions: Who? What? |
|
Predicate
- the main member of a sentence that names the action, state or attribute of the subject.
Answers questions: |
|
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence. | |
Minor
Examples | Information |
Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object.
Answers questions about indirect cases. |
|
Definition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes a feature of an object.
Answers questions: |
|
Circumstance- a minor member of a sentence that denotes time, place, method of action.
Answers questions: |
Offers
1. Role in language Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation. 3. Types of sentences according to the number of grammatical bases Simple - one stem, complex - two or more grammatical stems. 4. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (inducement to action). 5. Types of sentences by intonation An exclamation, in which a thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and a non-exclamation. 6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members Common (besides the main members, there are also secondary ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis). 7. Types of proposals by complexity May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members Parsing a sentence
A sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs action. Most often it has a base and secondary members describing it. To learn or refresh your memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian.
The grammatical basis in parsing a sentence
The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject, which directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate, an action committed or directed at an object.
The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative clause), but can be not only a noun. It could be:
- numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three people in line; four was his best estimate);
- personal pronoun (he walked quietly along the corridor; we left the classroom);
- indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something was disturbing me);
- negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
- adjective as a noun (the person in charge was appointed by management; the person on duty kept order).
In grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject by underlining, and the predicate by double underlining.
The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:
- simple verb, expressed by a verb in any mood (the dog ran along the alley; the student gets up early);
- compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
- compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominative part (a schoolboy has become a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word “will” is omitted);
Completeness of the sentence
Based on the composition of the base, sentences can be two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has fallen; where is he("is located" omitted) ?) , and one-piece. The latter are:
- definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who we are talking about (I'm doing my best(I); let's go for a walk(We));
- indefinite personal, expressed by a past tense verb in the plural (there was a noise on the floor below; they were singing somewhere in the distance);
- generalized-personal, which attribute action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you have to get into the water; you go and admire the view);
- impersonal, not implying any object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).
Secondary, but no less important
To provide detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:
When performing grammatical analysis of a sentence, they should also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread; accordingly, without them, it is considered unextended.
Complex sentences are not difficult at all
Various plug-ins complement the offer, increasing the volume of information. They are embedded between the main and minor members, but are defined as a separate part, which is a separate point in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:
- isolated definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participial phrases (the kettle, heating up on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house located in the forest);
- isolated circumstances (identified as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking apprehensively, the dog extended his paw);
- homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (there were scattered on the floor(What?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what did you do?) slept and walked(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mom and sister(homogeneous addition));
- an address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrey, misunderstood me);
- introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow will most likely be hot).
How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?
For analysis, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all of the above structures and components of the sentence. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.
Simple sentence
At the beginning of autumn, the city alleys, covered with a golden carpet, shimmer whimsically.
1. Identify the main members. There should be one basis, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.
2. Select minor members: (when?) early autumn- circumstance, (what?) covered with a golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsical- circumstance, (what?) urban- definition.
3. Identify parts of speech:
In the previous beginning of noun. autumn n. , covered with pribl. golden adj. carpet noun , whimsically adv. ch. shimmer urban adj. alleys noun
4. Describe the signs:
- purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative);
- intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
- by basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which);
- completeness (complete, incomplete)
- by the presence of minor ones (common, uncommon);
- complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;
The characteristics of this are non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.
This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.
Complex sentence
Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian is ambiguous. Complex sentences connecting simple ones are:
An example of parsing a complex sentence
In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone gathered together at one big table.
- All the basics are covered. There are several of them in a complex sentence: every- subject, was busy- compound nominal predicate; All- subject, were going to- predicate.
- Identify parts of speech.
In other family noun. , regardless adv. from ave. age n. , every pronoun. was ch. very nar. busy adj. , nose. on the other weekend adj. pronoun everything. were going to for example big adj. table su sch.
- Identify the presence of an alliance. There is a “but” here. This means that the proposal is a union one.
- Simple ones can be characterized by their position if there is a union (point 2). This example is a complex sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if desired, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of a non-union union, this item is not indicated.
- Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, compound.
- Disassemble the simple ones inside separately:
- in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by the separate definition “regardless of age”)a
- on weekends, everyone gathered around a large table (narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, complete, distributive, unspoken)
Complex sentence
The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of a subordinating conjunction. It is included in the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.
This is a type of subordination, not a mandatory point, but also often taken into account.
The main thing is to remember that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. Seeing one of the words in a task should not be scary, since the topic is quite general and quickly learned. For foreigners it is difficult because of the great variability, but that is why the Russian language is beautiful.
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