Natural phenomena. Amazing natural phenomenon
Most people played “living and non-living” games in childhood. The details of the game may differ in each individual case, but the essence is that the presenter names the item, and the players must decide which group to assign it to. However, is everything so simple in assigning status to one or another object?
This article, with visual pictures and examples, as well as tasks for self-preparation and self-test, will help you understand the concepts of “object” and “natural phenomenon”, their classification and what characteristics they have, and will also help you remember once and for all the differences between the words “living” " and "non-living".
Lesson topic: “Objects of living and inanimate nature”
Everything that surrounds us, but was not made by human hands, that is, what was created without his participation, all organic and inorganic components of the Universe are called nature. The science in which scientists have collected basic knowledge about objects and phenomena on Earth is called natural science.
Educational pictures for children
Live nature
Living is something that breathes, eats, grows and reproduces, such as insects, plants, fungi, animals and man himself.
Examples in pictures
Signs of wildlife
The main characteristics of living objects are:
- birth, development and growth;
- reproduction;
- nutrition;
- breath;
- movement;
- death.
Thus, after birth, any organism eventually grows into an adult (from a seed/kitten/chick/baby to a tree/cat/bird/adult) capable of producing offspring.
Throughout life cycle living things need food (water for plants, plants for herbivores, meat for carnivores) and air environment, necessary and suitable for respiration (for the absorption of the necessary gas-air mixture from the water by fish and other inhabitants expanses of water have gills, land animals and humans pass air through their lungs, and plants have special cells to absorb carbon dioxide).
Living organisms have the ability to move: for example, a person has legs, animals have paws, fish have fins and a tail, and plants turn their leaves towards the sun, thereby moving, like it, from east to west during the day).
The life cycle ends with death, when the body stops breathing, moving, and absorbing food.
Inanimate nature
Objects such as air, wind, clouds, water, snow, mountains, sand, fallen leaves are classified as inanimate objects nature. And although there are objects that are capable of movement (waterfall, snowfall, leaf fall) or growth (mountains), they cannot breathe, feed and reproduce, unlike living objects.
Examples in pictures
Signs of inanimate objects of nature
Unlike objects of living nature, inanimate bodies they don’t grow, don’t eat, don’t breathe, and so on. So they are different:
- sustainability;
- low variability;
- inability and lack of need to eat and breathe;
- inability to reproduce;
- inability to move and grow.
For example, a mountain, having once appeared on Earth, will not disappear or die, it can only change its state (for example, collapse and gradually turn into dust under the influence of precipitation or winds); the sea also cannot die, since the water only changes its state of aggregation(can be in the form of water, steam or ice depending on atmospheric conditions, such as temperature or pressure), so the evaporation of water from a reservoir leads to the formation of clouds and clouds that rain. The so-called “growth” of a mountain or lake also cannot be attributed to a sign of living nature, since this does not occur due to the formation of new cells, but due to the addition of new ones to existing parts of objects.
Connection of natural objects
Without inanimate objects, the existence of living organisms would be impossible. So, the most important are soil, water, air and sun.
- Soil is an extremely important environment, as it protects living organisms from toxins, neutralizing them, and significant physical and chemical processes also occur in it: dead animals and plants decompose and form minerals and natural fertilizer for plants.
- Air is necessary for the respiration of living organisms, as well as for the formation nutrients in other environments.
- Water is also necessary for all life on Earth. Without it, life on the planet could not appear and exist. For some animals and plants, water is their home, for others it is an integral part of their diet.
- The sun produces the heat and energy necessary for the emergence and maintenance of life, and is also part of the process of photosynthesis in plants, which allows the transformation carbon dioxide(a product of animal and human respiration) into oxygen necessary for life and breathing.
Thus, natural objects are closely related. Moreover, this dependence works in both directions. Thus, the rotting of dead creatures enriches the soil with necessary substances and microelements, terrestrial and underwater plants change the composition of the environment due to photosynthesis, and fish living in reservoirs maintain physicochemical characteristics water.
Schemes of object interaction
The interaction of living organisms with each other, with groups of other earthly creatures, as well as with their habitat, is studied by the science of ecology. The diagrams below represent models of the relationships between living and nonliving objects on Earth.
Concept of natural phenomenon
Concept of natural phenomenon
Changes in nature that occur independently, not by the will of man, are called natural phenomena. Most of them depend on the changing seasons and are called seasonal weather (natural) phenomena. Since nature is divided into living and nonliving, phenomena are also divided according to the same principle.
Examples of natural phenomena
- Winter
It would seem that in winter nature “sleeps”. However, most animals give birth to offspring in their cozy, specially prepared houses in winter. By spring, the kids will have grown up and will be ready to enter a new big world for them.
- Spring
In spring, nature “comes to life” after winter. Animals emerge from their burrows and raise a new generation. Many animals shed their winter coats and change color from winter white to summer gray or brown.
Young plants begin to appear from under the melted snow, green grass, the buds on the trees swell and bloom. Gradually, the bare branches of the trees become overgrown with bright green foliage, and the blossoming flowers begin to emit pleasant aromas, thereby attracting the attention of insects. Insects pollinate flowers, collecting food for their large families and allowing the first fruits to set.
- Summer
Flowering and pollination, as well as fruit ripening, which began in the spring, continue throughout the summer.
- Autumn
Autumn is the time of harvests and preparations. Birds and animals begin to stock up on ripe fruits for the winter, setting up their houses so that they can feel warm and comfortable when raising their offspring.
Plants dry out, leaves on trees turn bright red and yellow, and then fall off.
Examples of inanimate phenomena
- in winter
Winter is always associated with a drop in temperature. This occurs due to the fact that the sun's rays either do not reach the ground due to increased cloudiness, or are reflected from snow and ice.
Most characteristic phenomena for winter are snowfall (fall of frozen particles of water in the form of snow on the ground), blizzard (transfer of falling snow over long distances due to strong wind) and freeze-up (covering the surfaces of reservoirs with a crust of ice).
- in spring
Under influence solar energy the air and soil warm up, and temperatures rise. Snow and ice begin to melt, streams flow along the ground, broken ice floes float along rivers, snowfall gives way to rain.
A frequent spring natural phenomenon is a thunderstorm (electricity discharges in the atmosphere).
- In summer
Rain and thunderstorms occur throughout the summer. TO summer phenomena heat is also added ( high temperatures air).
The brightest weather phenomenon- a rainbow that appears after rain or shower as a result of refraction sun rays in water droplets and separation white to the spectrum.
- in autumn
Most notable autumn phenomenon can be called defoliation (the process when trees shed their leaves on the eve of winter).
Also in autumn, prolonged rains, fogs, decreased temperatures and frosts are common.
Self-test tasks
- Determine what in the picture is a living object and what is an inanimate one. Why?
- Compose a report with a presentation on the topic “The main differences between living and inanimate nature. Examples."
- Prepare a drawing diagram with objects of living and inanimate nature.
Material according to the textbook program: “ The world 2nd grade"
What is a natural phenomenon?
Definition: A natural phenomenon is any change in nature: the wind changed direction, the sun rose, a chicken hatched from an egg.
Nature can be living or inanimate.
Weather phenomena of inanimate nature in winter.
Examples weather changes: drop in temperature, frost, snowfall, blizzard, blizzard, sleet, thaw.
Seasonal natural phenomena.
All changes in nature associated with the change of seasons - seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) are called seasonal natural phenomena.
Examples of winter phenomena in inanimate nature.
Example: ice has formed on the water, snow has covered the ground, the sun is not warm, icicles and ice have appeared.
The transformation of water into ice is a seasonal phenomenon in inanimate nature.
Observed natural phenomena in inanimate nature, occurring around us:
· Frost covers rivers and lakes with ice. Draws funny patterns on the windows. Bites nose and cheeks.
· Snowflakes are falling from the sky and swirling. Snow covers the ground with a white blanket.
· Blizzards and blizzards sweep roads.
· The sun is low above the ground and provides little warmth.
· It's cold outside, the days are short and the nights are long.
· Comes New Year. The city dresses up in elegant garlands.
· During the thaw, snow melts and freezes, forming ice on the roads.
· Large icicles grow on the roofs.
What phenomena of living nature can be observed in winter. 2nd grade.
To the textbook: “The world around us, grade 2”
For example: bears are hibernating, trees have dropped their leaves, people are dressed in winter clothes, the children went outside with a sled.
In winter, trees stand without leaves - this phenomenon is called seasonal.
Examples of changes that occur in winter in wildlife that we observe:
· Vegetable world, wildlife, resting in winter.
· The bear sleeps in its den and sucks its paw.
· Trees and grass sleep in the meadows, covered with a warm blanket - snow.
· Animals are cold in winter, they wear beautiful and fluffy fur coats.
· The hares change clothes - they change their gray fur coat to a white one.
· People wear warm clothes: hats, fur coats, felt boots and mittens.
· Children sledding, skating, sculpting snow woman and play snowballs.
· On New Year's Day, children decorate the Christmas tree with toys and have fun.
· The Snow Maiden and Father Frost come to us for the holiday.
· In winter, birds - tits and bullfinches - fly from the forest to our feeders.
· Birds and animals go hungry in winter. People feed them.
Phenomena of nature, in spring, in inanimate nature.
Examples: snow and ice have melted, the sun is shining brighter, the air has become warmer.
Spring is a seasonal phenomenon - the ice has disappeared from the rivers.
What phenomena in inanimate nature can be observed while walking in the spring:
- In spring, the sun shines brighter and rises higher in the sky.
- The air temperature has become warmer. Instead of snow, it rains.
- The snow is melting, streams are flowing, ice is melting from rivers and lakes.
- The ice slides are melting, icicles are dripping from the roofs.
- Puddles and spring mud appear on the roads.
What are the spring phenomena in wildlife?
Example: leaves are growing on the trees, starlings have flown in from the south, flowers have bloomed, grass has grown.
A seasonal phenomenon in the spring – the bird cherry blossoms.
Examples spring phenomena in wildlife, which we can observe in our native land:
- Wakes up Live nature, bears and hedgehogs wake up.
- The first insects and flowers appear - willow, snowdrops and dandelions.
- The buds on the trees swell and leaves appear.
- The entire surrounding living world changes clothes in the spring.
- The flora puts on a green and blooming outfit.
- Animals begin to shed - they change their winter coats to summer ones.
- People wear rubber boots and light jackets.
- Summer residents are digging up the ground and doing spring work.
- People begin to sow vegetables and plant trees.
- In cities, the population cleans the streets and holds clean-up days.
- Schoolchildren make boats and birdhouses.
- Migratory birds arrive from the south.
An amazing phenomenon of living nature.
Winter phenomena in nature, such as the life of animals, can be observed by footprints in the snow. You've probably heard about Bigfoot footprints. He is also called the Yeti.
About it, amazing natural phenomenon, can be read in the book by the authors Larina O.V. and Moshenskaya G.N. This book was written for family reading. It will be very interesting for both children and adults. It talks about the most interesting phenomena nature. The publication will be useful in writing an essay, preparing a report or presentation on the topic of the surrounding world. Electronic version The books “Amazing Phenomena of Nature” can be purchased on the liters website. Cost 100 rub.
Many people wonder why he hasn't been caught yet, if he actually exists. There were different hypotheses that he lives in a world parallel to us and catches our eye - by chance or that he is of extraterrestrial origin. But these assumptions are not very convincing. The Yeti corresponds to the appearance of earthly creatures - a stocky body covered with hair, like great monkeys And primitive people. Many people say that it appears suddenly, without any rustle or noise of branches, and also suddenly disappears.
There is a hypothesis among scientists and researchers that the Yeti has the power of suggestion. Therefore, it is difficult to see, much less catch. He does not disappear, as it seems to people, but becomes invisible with the help of his suggestion. Scientists are sure that our distant ancestors also mastered such techniques. But, in the process of evolution, speech developed, and people gradually lost the ability to transmit thoughts at a distance and influence the consciousness of another person. A, big Foot didn’t learn to talk, so he still had this opportunity to influence people’s consciousness, as if to suggest that he doesn’t exist. And all this makes him even more mysterious...
Target:
— formation complete picture the world and awareness of a person’s place in it on the basis of the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and emotional and value-based understanding of the teacher, personal experience communication with people and nature;
Tasks:
Subject
They will learn to distinguish between objects of living and inanimate nature.
They will have the opportunity to learn to understand the value of nature and the need to take responsibility for its conservation
Metasubject
Regulatory UUD:
Understand the learning objective of the lesson and strive to complete it;
Take into account the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the new educational material.
Cognitive UUD:
carry out analysis of objects highlighting essential and non-essential features
Construct a speech utterance; make comparisons; generalize i.e. highlight the general on the basis of essential features.
Communicative UUD:
Construct statements that are understandable to your partner; to ask questions.
formulate your own opinion and position.
Personal
Educational and cognitive interest in new educational material;
The ability to self-assess based on the criterion of success in educational activities
Main activities of students
Understand learning objectives section and this lesson, strive to fulfill them;
Classify natural objects according to essential characteristics;
Distinguish between objects of inanimate and living nature;
Establish connections between living and inanimate nature;
inanimate and living nature, seasonal phenomena;
give examples of inanimate and living nature phenomena, seasonal phenomena;
Tell (based on observations) about seasonal phenomena in the life of a tree.
Basic Concepts
Natural phenomena. Thermometer.
Assignment for independent work
1.Mark (color in the sign) green natural objects, yellow- natural phenomena. Make pairs “object - phenomenon” (connect the tablets with lines).
2.Practical work"Learning to measure temperature."
Goal of the work: learn to measure the temperature of air, water, and the human body.
Equipment: room, outdoor, water, medical thermometers; glass with warm water, a glass of cold water.
Progress(according to textbook assignments).
Name the parts of a thermometer
2).Explain what happens to the column of liquid in the thermometer tube
№1 - warm water No. 2 - cold water
3).Use a thermometer to determine and record the air temperature at home or outside.
Air temperature
(day, month)
b) on the street: (in the shade); (in the sun)
Information sources:
A. A. Pleshakov textbook, workbook The world around us, grade 2 Moscow
"Enlightenment" 2014
We teachPHENOMENANATURE
Naturalphenomena -
2. Mark (color the plate) natural objects with green, and natural phenomena with yellow. Make pairs “object - phenomenon” (connect the tablets with lines).
3. Fill out the table (write at least three examples in each column). If you want, write down the phenomena that can occur with natural objects listed in the table on p. 18.
4. Ant Question, as in the past academic year, drew pictures. He tried very hard, but Seryozha and Nadya’s dad said that Ant had mixed up something again. Find the mistakes. Count and write down how many errors there are in each picture. Prove the correctness of your decision.
5. Practical work “Learning to measure temperature.”
Goal of the work: learn to measure the temperature of air, water, and the human body.
Equipment: room, outdoor, water, medical thermometers; a glass of warm water, a glass of cold water.
Progress(according to textbook assignments).
1) Label the parts of the thermometer.
2) Indicate with arrows what happens to the column of liquid in the thermometer tube.
3) Based on the measurement results, fill out the table.
4) Mark (circle) the result of measuring your body temperature. Draw a conclusion.
Evaluation of completed work(has the goal been achieved): yes, the goal has been achieved.
Presentation: report the results of the work to the class, listen and evaluate other messages.
6. Do the exercises.
1. Write in numbers:
ten degrees Celsius - +10°
ten degrees below zero - -10°
zero degrees - 0°
six degrees above zero - +6°
six degrees below zero - -6°
1. Using the textbook, complete the definitions.
these are all the changes that occur in nature.
2) Thermometer - This is a temperature measuring device .
2. Mark (color the plate) natural objects with green, and natural phenomena with yellow. Make pairs “object - phenomenon” (connect the tablets with lines).
3. Fill out the table (write at least three examples in each column). If you want, write down the phenomena that can occur with natural objects listed in the table on p. 18.
4. Ant Question, as in the last school year, drew pictures. He tried very hard, but Seryozha and Nadya’s dad said that Ant had mixed up something again. Find the mistakes. Count and write down how many errors there are in each picture. Prove the correctness of your decision
Errors in the picture “Summer”
- it doesn't snow in summer
- there is no ice drift in summer
- birds don't fly south in summer
- Snowdrops don't grow in summer
- in summer the leaves on the trees do not turn yellow
Errors in the picture “Spring”
- leaves on trees do not turn yellow in spring
- In the spring the snow melts and there are no more snow-white snowdrifts.
5. Practical work “Learning to measure temperature.”
Goal of the work: learn to measure the temperature of air, water, and the human body.
Equipment: room, outdoor, water, medical thermometers; a glass of warm water, a glass of cold water.
Progress(according to textbook assignments).
Experience 1.
- Place the thermometer in a glass of warm water.
Experience 2.
- Place the thermometer in a glass of cold water.
1) Label the parts of the thermometer.
2) Indicate with arrows what happens to the column of liquid in the thermometer tube.
3) Based on the measurement results, fill out the table.
4) Mark (circle) the result of measuring your body temperature. Draw a conclusion.
Evaluation of completed work(has the goal been achieved): yes, goal achieved
Presentation: report the results of the work to the class, listen and evaluate other messages.
6. Do the exercises.
1) Write in numbers:
ten degrees Celsius - +10°С
ten degrees below zero - -10°С
zero degrees - 0°С
six degrees above zero - +6°С
six degrees below zero - - 6°С
2) Write down in words:
+5° - five degrees Celsius
-7° - seven degrees below zero
7. Use a thermometer to determine and record the air temperature at home or outside.