Yars transcript. Full review of the domestic Yars missile system
DATA FOR 2019 (standard update)
Complex RS-24 "Yars" / "Topol-MR" / "Universal" - SS-X-29Complex RS-24 "Yars" / 15P155M, missile RS-12M2R / 15Zh55M (APU) - SS-29 / SS-27 mod.2 SICKLE-B
Complex RS-24 "Yars-M" / 15P165M,missile RS-12M2R / 15ZH65M (silo) - SS-29 / SS-27 mod.3 SICKLE-S
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) / mobile ground-based missile system (MGRS). The complex and the missile were developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) on the basis of ICBMs, the chief designer is Yu. Solomonov. The development of the Topol-M / RT-2PM2 ICBM using only Russian technologies began in March 1992. The decree of Russian President B.N. Yeltsin on the creation of the Topol-M missile system (with development options) was issued on February 27, 1993. The first test launch of the 15Zh55M rocket was carried out on May 29, 2007 from a mobile launcher at the Plesetsk test site. In 2009, the Titan Central Design Bureau created the first copies of the launch units of the Yars complex (). The missiles of the complex are produced at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant (Votkinsk). According to media reports (2010), RS-24 missiles will be replaced on duty by RS-18 and RS-20 ICBMs as their warranty periods expire. In January 2010, it was announced that state tests of the complex would be completed before the end of 2010, or after the 4th and 5th launches. From 2012, only the RS-24 Yars ICBM is planned to remain in serial production. In 2011, it was planned to carry out 3 test launches of the Yars ICBM (media reports from December 2010).
Deployment"Yars" complexes began in December 2009 after the adoption of the Strategic Missile Forces complex for "experimental combat duty" as part of one missile division of the Teikovsky regiment of the 54th Guards Missile Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army of the Strategic Missile Forces (based in Krasnye Sosenki, 3 complexes) . On November 30, 2010, the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, General S. Karakaev, stated that the Strategic Missile Forces would gradually rearm from mobile complexes with single-block Topol-M missiles to mobile complexes with missiles with MIRVs IN "Yars". In December 2010, the second division of Yars complexes (3 SPU) entered service with the Teikov missile division. On March 4, 2011, it was announced that the first missile regiment with the RS-24 Yars ICBM took up combat duty in the Strategic Missile Forces as part of the Teikov division. The regiment of the Teikov missile division included 2 missile divisions of RS-24 ICBMs, delivered to the Strategic Missile Forces in 2009-2010. In total, the regiment has 6 RS-24 complexes.
All data on the complex is speculative and taken from open sources and the media. A list of sources is attached. The rocket indices 15Zh55M or 15Zh65M are speculative.
APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with an ICBM 15Zh55M at an ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teikov division on November 29, 2011. (photo - Sergey Pyatakov, http://visualrian.ru/).
One of the versions is that the RS-24 missile is a variant of the 15Zh65 missile of the RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" complex with a platform for breeding warheads of a new type (presumably - the Topol-MR R&D - ist. - JSC "Corporation..."). The 15Zh65 missile was developed jointly by MIT and the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau by decision of the USSR Military-Industrial Complex No. 323 of 09.09.1989 on the topic of the Universal research project until the end of 1991 in two versions - a missile with a platform for breeding unguided warheads with a solid propellant rocket engine and without a set of means overcoming (KSP) missile defense was developed by MIT (mobile missile system), and a similar missile with a platform for breeding warheads with a monopropellant liquid engine and with a missile defense KSP was developed by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk, silo missile complex 15P065). The development of the 1st stage, a version of the AP launch platform and the missile's nose fairing was led by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, the development of the 2nd and 3rd stages, the instrument compartment, its version of the AP launch platform and the unguided warhead was led by MIT. The first flight sample of the 1L version of the missile from the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau was ready for testing at the test site in Plesetsk in December 1991. The sending of the missile to the test site was canceled by the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Strategic Missile Forces. In 1992, after the general designer of the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau S.N. Konyukhov addressed the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, a meeting was convened to discuss the continuation of the joint development of ICBMs. No decision was made, and in April 1992, Yuzhnoye Design Bureau's participation in the development of the rocket was terminated. After that, the developments on the RT-2PM2 variant with the KSP missile defense system and the monopropellant engine of the breeding platform were transferred from the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. A sample of the 1L rocket was transferred to Russia on January 15, 1995.
Launches of the RS-24 Yars ICBM:
№pp | Date | Polygon | PU type | Rocket | Description |
01 | 05/29/2007 | Plesetsk | APU | ||
02 | December 25, 2007 | Plesetsk | APU | Successful launch from an automatic launcher at the Kura test site (Kamchatka) | |
03 | November 26, 2008 | Plesetsk | APU | Successful launch from an automatic launcher at the Kura test site (Kamchatka) | |
2011 (planned) | Plesetsk | ||||
04 | December 24, 2013 | Plesetsk | silo | 15Zh65M | After a long break (13 years), a successful launch was carried out from the Plesetsk Yuzhnaya-2 launch site from a silo at the Kura training ground (Kamchatka). Missile 15ZH65M with MIRV IN () |
05 | 04/14/2014 at 10-40 Moscow time | Plesetsk | APU | Successful launch of a missile with a MIRV with an automatic launcher at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main objective of the launch is to confirm the reliability of the batch of missiles manufactured at JSC Votkinsk Plant () | |
06 | 12/26/2014 at 11-02 Moscow time | Plesetsk | APU | Successful launch of a missile with a MIRV from an APU at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main objective of the launch is to confirm the reliability of the batch of missiles manufactured at JSC Votkinsk Plant in 2013-2014. and confirmation of the performance characteristics of the complex (). | |
07 | October 28, 2015 at 14-30 Moscow time | Plesetsk | silo | 15Zh65M | Successful launch of a missile with a MIRV from a silo at the Kura test site (Kamchatka). The launch was carried out to confirm the reliability of the batch of missiles () |
2016-2017 | According to the Russian Ministry of Defense for 2016-2017. planned to conduct 3 launches of Yars ICBMs. The insured amount for one launch is 180 million rubles. | ||||
08 | September 12, 2017 | Plesetsk | silo | 15Zh65M | Successful launch of a missile with MIRV IN from a silo at the Kura test site (Kamchatka) with “experimental warheads.” The launch was carried out to confirm the reliability of the batch of missiles () |
09 | September 20, 2017 | Plesetsk | APU | Successful launch of a missile with a MIRV with an automatic launcher at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The main objective of the launch is to confirm the reliability of the batch of missiles manufactured at JSC Votkinsk Plant. The launch was carried out by the crew of the Yoshkar-Ola missile formation - the procedure for redeploying the Yars PGRK launch battery to a remote area with preparation and execution of the launch was worked out (). |
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10 | June 22, 2018 | Plesetsk | silo | 15Zh65M | Presumably on this date, the RS-24 Yars ICBM was launched from the Plesetsk test site, which was announced by the management of Roscosmos at the end of the year in 2018 (). According to another, the launch at the Kura test site was carried out by a 15Zh65M rocket and was unsuccessful. |
On July 6, 2011, in an interview with the media, Yuri Solomonov stated that as of July 2011, there was no contract under the state defense order for 2011 for the production of Yars missiles and any other ICBMs. Earlier, the media announced the completion of the recruitment of the first regiment of the Yars ICBM and the beginning of training of personnel of the second regiment of the Yars ICBM of the Teikovsky missile formation. On August 3, 2011, the third division of Yars complexes took up combat duty as part of the regiment of Yars complexes of the Teikov missile division. Thus, the first full-time three-division ICBM regiment "Yars" was formed. On September 27, 2011, information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011, the second Yars ICBM regiment would go on combat duty in the Teikov division of the Strategic Missile Forces. And finally, on December 7, 2011, in the Teikov missile division, the second missile regiment of the Yars complexes was put on experimental combat duty, consisting of a mobile command post of the regiment and one missile division. It is expected that another division of this regiment will be put on combat duty by the end of 2011 (2 or 3 APU?). The complete re-equipment of the regiment with the Yars complexes will be completed in 2012 (completed in September 2012). In 2012, work will begin on re-equipping the Novosibirsk and Kozelsky missile formations with the same complex. Moreover, in the last of them, the deployment of Yars complexes will be carried out in the mine version(planned to start in 2014). In the future, it is planned to re-equip a number of more missile formations with the Yars missile system.
On December 26, 2013, information was released that a new silo-based missile system was being put on duty - probably, it was about the fact that it was decided to adopt the silo-based Yars ICBM complex into service with the Strategic Missile Forces. Presumably the new missile system is called Yars-M.
On December 19, 2011, it was announced that by the end of 2012, one regiment of the missile division of the Strategic Missile Forces in Pashino (Novosibirsk) will be rearmed with ICBMs of the Yars complexes. On November 20, 2012, also in the media, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General Sergei Karakaev, stated that in December 2012, the sixth regiment of the Tatishchev division of the Strategic Missile Forces would be re-equipped with the Topol-M silo-based ICBM complexes, and during 2013. The Yars and Topol-M complexes will re-equip units of three more divisions (Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk - the latter with the installation of silo versions of the Yars ICBM). Preparations for the re-equipment of divisions in Novosibirsk and Kaluga (Kozelskaya) began in 2012.
On August 19, 2014, it was reported in the media that by the end of 2014, the first complex with 4 silos and a unified command post for the mine version of the Yars complex will go on combat duty in the Kozel division. As of August 2014, 2 missiles were loaded into the silo and autonomous tests of the complex systems were carried out.
During 2011, the MIT corporation carried out technical re-equipment for serial production and testing of components for the Topol-MR / Yars complex (Agreement with Roscosmos No. 902-D162/11 dated 09/05/2011, investment volume in 2011 - 57 ,0 million rubles). Also, JSC MIT Corporation, Vnesheconombank Bank and VTB Bank, with the participation of the Russian Government, reached an agreement to provide funds in 2011-2014 in accordance with the government contract for the supply of the Yars product in the amount of 48,100,000 thousand rubles
By year:
2011 - 10,900,000 thousand rubles.
2012 - 11,700,000 thousand rubles.
2013 - 12,400,000 thousand rubles.
2014 - 13,100,000 thousand rubles.
(ist. - JSC "Corporation...").
In September 2012, it was publicly announced that a decision had been made to develop a modernized version of the Yars-M complex ().
Combat control system:
On September 19, 2013, it was reported that the combat control system for ICBM launches of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces had begun to be modernized to a 5th generation system. With the adoption of the Yars ICBM in the Strategic Missile Forces, a 4th generation combat control system appeared, which significantly increased the range and probability of transmitting orders to the ICBM APU through the use of new means of communication. The use of advanced mobile control points will ensure stable, continuous and operational control of nuclear weapons, taking into account the characteristics of the combat use of both existing and future strategic missile systems in real time. The adoption and equipping of the re-equipped Strategic Missile Forces formations with a new automated combat control system (ACCS) will make it possible to begin modernization of existing stationary control points in the future. Along with this, starting in 2016, the Strategic Missile Forces, in cooperation with industry, plan to introduce parts of the fifth-generation integrated automated combat control system. It is based on a digital system for transmitting combat orders. The system will make it possible to quickly retarget missiles, as well as provide solutions to the problems of information support and management of the daily activities of the Strategic Missile Forces command, formations and formations. The collection of reports will be ensured by wired, radio and satellite communication channels, which have the necessary survivability and noise immunity. The latest ASBUs provide for the transmission of combat control orders directly to launchers, bypassing intermediate links, including under conditions of nuclear influence and electronic suppression ().
The 15Zh65M Yars-M silo-based ICBM regiment is controlled using a command complex - unit 15B242 - located in a converted OS-type silo. In the Kozelsky missile formation (division), the first regimental complex 15B242 was installed instead of the dismantled outdated similar complex after the silo was refurbished. Re-equipment and installation were carried out by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "GUSST No. 5 at Spetsstroy of Russia" at least from the beginning of 2013. The installation of a unified control unit (UCP) in the mine was carried out on March 18-19, 2014 (,).
Installation of a unified command post of the silo-based 15B242 ICBM "Yars-M" complex in the missile regiment of the Kozelsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces, March 18-19, 2014 (http://gusst5.ru/).
Launcher:
- Rocket 15Zh55M, complex 15P155M "Yars"- mobile APU (autonomous) 15U175M on a multi-axle chassis MZKT-79221 (Minsk, series since 2000), similar to the APU of the Topol-M complex. Perhaps a modification of the mine-based complex will be developed. The topographic location of the APU is carried out at any point on the patrol route automatically using an inertial navigation system with satellite correction. Presumably, the topographical system of the Yars APU differs from the similar system of the Topol-M ICBM APU. The APU equipment includes:
- a navigation system with a complex for recalculating flight missions to ensure launch from any point on the patrol route;
- a set of communications equipment that ensures guaranteed reception of combat control signals from the air defense device and the transmission of reports on the state of the automatic control system;
- a set of combat launch control equipment;
- autonomous power supply system (diesel generator);
- artillery unit (boom) for placing the TPK and making it ready for launch;
- an appropriate hydraulic system to ensure leveling of the automatic launcher and lifting the boom;
- appropriate equipment (system) to ensure the required temperature and humidity conditions (TVR) in the TPK and ground equipment compartments;
- ground control system (equipment for preparation, start-up and condition monitoring of automatic control equipment);
- aiming system with automatic gyrocompass (AGC);
Presumably an APU 15U175M of the Yars complex, shown under the guise of an APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 Topol-M complex at a parade in Moscow, photo taken during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, May 04, 2010 (photo - Goodvint, http ://ru.wikipedia.org).
APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex with the Yars ICBM TPK during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011 (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http://vitalykuzmin.net/).
APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex with the Yars ICBM TPK during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011. Previously it was believed that this was the Yars APU (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http:/ /vitalykuzmin.net/).
APU of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" complex with the Yars ICBM TPK during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011. Previously it was believed that this was the "Yars" APU, 05/03/2011 (photo - Andrey Kryuchenko, http://a-andreich.livejournal.com).
APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with an ICBM 15Zh55M at an ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teikovsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 09/22/2011. (photo by Andrey Smirnov, http://www.epochtimes.ru).
APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with an ICBM 15Zh55M at an ICBM demonstration to journalists in the Teikov division on September 22, 2011. (http://www.mil.ru).
APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with ICBM 15Zh55M, 54th Teikovsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 09/22/2011. (http://muxel.aero).
APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex with ICBM 15Zh55M, 54th Teikovsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces, 11/29/2011. (http://militaryphotos.net).
Chassis MZKT-79221 before the parade in honor of the Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus in Minsk, publication 07/01/2013 (http://www.vpk.gov.by via http://autocatalogue.livejournal.com).
Performance characteristics of the SPU on the MZKT-79221 chassis:
Launch type - mortar using PAD
Wheel formula - 16 x 16
Engine - diesel YaMZ-847.10 with a power of 800 hp, 4-stroke, 12-cylinder, turbocharged
Length - approx. 22.7 m
Width - approx. 3.4 m
Height - approx. 3.3 m
Ground clearance - 475 mm
Turning radius - 18 m
Brod - 1.1 m
Tires with adjustable pressure 1600x600-685 model VI-178A / AU
Curb weight - 44000 kg
Load capacity - 80000 kg
Tank volume - 825 l
Maximum speed - 45 km/h
Power reserve - 500 km
- Rocket 15Zh65M, complex 15P165M "Yars-M"- mine launcher - type "OS" ("separate start") 15P765M (). It is likely that during deployment the complex will be installed in missile silos of the RT-2PM2, RS-18 and RS-20 types. The first launch of the silo version of the Yars missile was carried out from the Plesetsk test site on December 24, 2013.
The head of a silo of type 15P765 / 15P765M at the Plesetsk training ground, footage of the launch of the Topol-M ICBM on November 1, 2014 (Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Armed Forces).
RS-24 rocket /15Zh55M (APU) and 15ZH65M (silo):
Design- number of steps - 3 pcs. The design is similar to the design of the RS-12M2 missile of the Topol-M complex, with the exception of the warhead breeding platform, possibly part of the control system and payload. The rocket is put into operation at the TPK, where it remains for the entire service life. A special coating is applied to the rocket body and instrument compartment to reduce the impact of the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, as well as other types of impact.
Launch of the RS-24 Yars ICBM from a silo on October 28, 2015, Plesetsk (montage of video footage of the launch recording, http://mil.ru).
RS-24 "Yars" SS-X-29 missile, estimated projections (c) website based on illustrative material from the Yuzhnoye State Design Bureau (Ukraine).
The building of the 15Zh55M Yars ICBM warhead breeding platform in the workshop of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Media shown on 03/21/2011 ().
Control system and guidance- autonomous inertial control system using an onboard digital computer, possibly with astrocorrection. The developer of the control system (probably) is the Scientific and Production Center for Automation and Instrumentation named after Academician N.A. Pilyugin (Moscow), the chief designers are V. Lapygin and Yu. Trunov. The active part of the trajectory has been shortened. To reduce the speed spread at the end of the 3rd stage, a maneuver is probably used to turn the rocket in the direction of zero range increment until the 3rd stage fuel is completely exhausted. The rocket's instrument compartment is sealed. The missile can perform a program maneuver at launch to pass through the nuclear explosion cloud of attacking ballistic missiles.
AGK APU complex RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 "Topol-M" with TPK ICBM "Yars" during a parade in Moscow, 05/09/2012 (photo from the Boaz Guttman archive, http://www.flickr.com).
During test launches, a telemetry system can be installed on RS-24 missiles - a receiver-indicator of the T-737 Triad satellite navigation systems. The T-737 system includes:
Component | Name | Dimensions | Weight | Note |
Reception computer | block PVU-T | 174 x 160 x 69 mm | 1.3 kg | with two independent antenna inputs |
Antenna devices | AC blocks | installed from 2 to 4 pieces in order to avoid shielding of antennas during rocket evolutions | ||
Interface block | OPSC block | 174 x 160 x 34 mm | 0.65 kg | |
Antenna switch | AK-2M block | optional | ||
Autonomous power supply | AIP block | 100 x 56 x 35 mm | 0.2 kg | optional, dimensions and weight from a similar unit of the S-737 system |
RF Communication Cables | optional |
Flight tests of the T-737 system began on the Topol (since 2004), Bulava (since 2005), Start (since 2006), Topol-E and Yars (since 2006) missiles. 2007). It was planned to begin using the system on the Topol-M rocket in 2009. During an underwater launch of the rocket, the first results of navigation measurements are issued no later than 15 s after the detection of navigation satellites.
The missile is equipped with a set of missile defense countermeasures. On November 1, 2005, with the launch of the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a unified platform for breeding warheads, new means of penetrating missile defense and unified warheads for ICBMs and SLBMs began. On April 22, 2006, the second launch took place as part of testing the platform and blocks - the Strategic Missile Forces launched a rocket from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. MIT General Designer Yu. Solomonov said in 2006 that testing of a new unified breeding platform and a unified warhead should be completed in 2008. The third launch within the framework of the testing program for new warheads and the platform was carried out on December 5, 2010 from the Kapustin Yar test site of the Topol ICBM at the Sary-Shagan test site.
According to a statement by Yu.V. Solomonov dated January 27, 2011 for the media, in 2010 the development of “a new type of combat equipment was completed, which is the result of integrating ballistic-type combat equipment with individual means of its deployment instead of the so-called “bus” on combat rockets." Apparently, the tests on December 5, 2010 were successful. Adaptation of the development to existing missile systems will require several years of testing, which will be carried out using the experimental Topol-E rocket.
Engines: development of mixed solid fuel - Federal State Unitary Enterprise FCDT "Soyuz" (NPO, Dzerzhinsk)
.
Stage 1 - solid propellant rocket engine using mixed fuel. Engine development - NPO "Iskra" (Perm), chief designer of the nozzle block (presumably by analogy with the Topol-M ICBM) Sokolovsky M.I. Possibly fuel type T-9BK-8E or similar developed by NPO Soyuz (Dzerzhinsk). The 15S51 fiberglass body is an integral part of the propulsion system of the first stage of the rocket and, as of 2011, is mass-produced by Avangard OJSC (Safronovo,).
Stage 2 - solid propellant rocket engine, probably with a sliding nozzle. Probably developed by MIT. Possibly Start type fuel or similar NPO Soyuz (Dzerzhinsk).
Stage 3 - solid propellant rocket engine with mixed fuel, probably with a sliding nozzle. Probably developed by MIT. Possibly AP-65 fuel or similar fuel from NPO Soyuz (Dzerzhinsk).
There is a possibility that in order to reduce the time of the active part of the trajectory (AUT), the expansion of the nozzle nozzles of the 2nd and 3rd stages occurs in a “hot” mode by the products of the stage engines. A similar technology was developed in the 1980s by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet aviation missile system and other systems.
The platform for breeding warheads is possibly a monopropellant engine or solid propellant rocket engine or several low-thrust rocket engines. There was information in the media about the use of a “unique variable-thrust engine.” Development of a fuel charge - NPO "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsk).
There is a possibility that at the stage of breeding warheads, a liquid monopropellant propulsion system is used, similar to that developed in the late 1980s by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet aircraft missile system, the Topol-M ICBM (breeding unit combat stages of the 15Zh65 missile variant of the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau). Such a propulsion system provides two modes of operation of the main engine of the stage with deep throttling (30 times) of the high-thrust engine chamber, which reduces the gas-dynamic effect on the detachable warheads. The construction of orders of warheads is carried out by a low-thrust engine according to "pull" scheme.
Fuel type - PRONIT
High thrust engine thrust - 300 kg (empty)
Thrust of the thruster - 3/6 kg (empty)
Solid propellant engine 15D161 "warhead" (most likely - stages for breeding warheads) ICBM RS-20V "Voevoda" - SS-18 SATAN. Museum of the Strategic Missile Forces, Pervomaisk, Ukraine (photo from the Salo archive, http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru).
Performance characteristics of the missile and complex:
Length - 21.9 - 22.55 m (estimated)
Length without head section - 17 m
Length of the 1st stage - 8.04 m
Case diameter - 1.81 / 1.86 m (according to various sources)
Diameter of 2nd and 3rd stages - 1.58 m (estimated)
Starting weight - 46500-47200 kg (estimated)
Throwing weight - 1180-1250 kg (estimated)
Range - up to 11000-12000 km
KVO - 150 m (estimated)
OUT time - 2.5-3.5 minutes (estimated)
Warranty service life - 15 years ()
Combat equipment:
- 4 RGCh IN with warheads with thermonuclear charges with a capacity of 150-300 kt developed by RFNC-VNIIEF (according to). Presumably, such equipment complies with international agreements on strategic offensive weapons.
6 MIRVs of a single type (with SLBMs " ") with a yield of about 150 kt, presumably in the future.
6-10 MIRV IN with a power of 150-300 kt - information circulated in the media in 2007-2009. - most likely not true.
Maneuvering controlled warhead (units) - in the future - it is possible that development of a warhead similar to the warhead developed in the 1980s by NPO Mashinostroeniya on the topic of the Albatross research project is underway.
The complex of means of overcoming the missile defense system (KSP) was probably created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system, which, in turn, was developed using developments from the Universal research work of MIT and Yuzhnoye Design Bureau. The PCB includes active and passive decoys, means of distorting the characteristics of warheads, and possibly heavy decoys - simulators of warheads - are used.
Organizational structure:
The missile division of the mobile version includes 3 SPU complexes and a mobile command post on the MZKT chassis.
Escort vehicle for the Yars and RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 Topol-M ICBM complexes during a parade rehearsal in Moscow, 04/26/2011 (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http://vitalykuzmin.net/).
Modifications:
- Research and development work "Universal" - research work on the creation of ICBMs at MIT and Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, started in 1991.
R&D "Topol-MR" / "Yars" - MIT R&D for the creation of a PGRK with an ICBM "Topol-M" with a MIRV and, probably, a new platform for breeding warheads.
Complex RS-24 "Yars", APU 15U175M, missile 15Zh55M - PGRK with ICBM "Yars".
Complex RS-24 "Yars" / "Yars-M" (the second with the same name), silo, missile 15Zh65M - silo version of the complex with ICBM "Yars". First launch - December 24, 2013
Yars-M complex (the first with this name) - in September 2012 it was publicly announced that a decision had been made to develop a modernized version of the Yars-M complex. Probably, we are talking about a version of the missile for silos or about a missile made without the use of imported (Ukrainian) components.
Modernized complex "Yars" PGRK and silos with ICBMs with increased capabilities to overcome missile defense systems, modernization carried out in 2015 (). The information needs to be clarified and interpreted.
Status: USSR/Russia
- December 1991 - readiness for flight testing of the first flight prototype 1L of the rocket prototype on the theme of the Universal research project (Yuzhnoye Design Bureau together with MIT). No tests have been carried out.
2007 May 29 - the first launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site to the Kura test site (Kamchatka).
- 2007 December 25 - the second launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site to the Kura test site (Kamchatka).
November 26, 2008 - the third launch of the RS-24 rocket from the Plesetsk test site to the Kura test site (Kamchatka).
December 2009 - the complex was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces for “experimental combat duty” as part of one missile division of the Teikovsky regiment of the 54th Guards Missile Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army of the Strategic Missile Forces (based in Krasnye Sosenki, 3 complexes).
July 2010 - in service 3 Yars complexes with missiles of 3 MIRVs on each = one missile division as part of the Teikov missile division of the Strategic Missile Forces (media).
Presumably the APU of the Yars complex in the Teikov missile division, probably summer-autumn 2010 (http://www.mil.ru).
- November 30, 2010 - the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, General S. Karakaev, stated that the Strategic Missile Forces will gradually rearm from mobile complexes with single-block Topol-M missiles to mobile complexes with missiles with MIRVs IN "Yars".
December 17, 2010 - the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Lieutenant General S. Karakaev, announced that the second division of Yars complexes (3 SPU) entered service with the Teikov missile division in December 2010.
2011 March 04 - the first missile regiment with the RS-24 ICBM took up combat duty in the Strategic Missile Forces. The regiment of the Teikov missile division included 2 missile divisions of RS-24 ICBMs, delivered to the Strategic Missile Forces in 2009-2010. In total, the regiment has 6 RS-24 complexes.
- 2011 April 26 - APUs of the Yars complex took part in the rehearsal of the Victory Parade in Moscow under the guise of APUs of the RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 Topol-M complex. With a caveat: if we correctly identified the APU of the Yars complex.
July 6, 2011 - in an interview with the media, Yuri Solomonov stated that as of July 2011, there is no contract for the state defense order for 2011 for the production of Yars missiles and any other ICBMs. Earlier, the media announced the completion of the recruitment of the first regiment of the Yars ICBM and the beginning of training of personnel of the second regiment of the Yars ICBM of the Teikovsky missile formation.
August 5, 2011 - the third division of the Yars complexes took up combat duty as part of the regiment of the Yars complexes of the Teikov missile division. Thus, the first three-divisional Yars ICBM regiment with autonomous launchers was formed.
2011 end of August - the Ministry of Defense and the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering signed three contracts for the supply of strategic missile systems RS-24 Yars and.
2011 September 27 - information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011 the second regiment of the Yars ICBM will take up combat duty in the Teikov division of the Strategic Missile Forces.
2011 September 27 - the first launch of a “prototype of a new ICBM” was carried out at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. After launch, the rocket fell 8 km from the launch pad. There are no casualties or destruction. The failure occurred during the operation of the 1st stage of the ICBM. There is no other more detailed information on this launch. Presumably the launch is identified as the first launch of an ICBM "". But the media also reported that the said missile may have tested new combat equipment for the RS-24 Yars ICBM.
December 7, 2011 - in the Teikov missile division, the second missile regiment of the Yars complexes, consisting of a mobile command post of the regiment and one missile division (2 or 3 APUs), was put on experimental combat duty. Another division of this regiment (2 or 3 APU) is expected to be placed on combat duty by the end of 2011. The complete re-equipment of the regiment with the Yars complexes will be completed in 2012. In 2012, work will begin on re-equipping the Novosibirsk and Kozelsky missile formations with the same complex. Moreover, in the last of them, the deployment of Yars complexes will be carried out in a silo version. In the future, it is planned to re-equip a number of more missile formations with the Yars missile system.
2011 December 19 - on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense it was announced that by the end of 2012 one regiment of the missile division of the Strategic Missile Forces in Pashino (Novosibirsk) will be rearmed with ICBMs of the Yars complexes.
December 28, 2011 - the second missile regiment with Yars complexes as part of the Teikovsky division of the Strategic Missile Forces was put on combat duty. The regiment is completely understaffed and currently includes a regimental command post and two missile divisions of the Yars complexes.
April 4, 2013 - RIA Novosti, with reference to the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Sergei Karakaev, reports that the Strategic Missile Forces divisions in Teykovo and Tatishchevo have already been re-equipped with the Yars and Topol-M complexes. In 2013, it is planned to rearm the regiments of three more divisions. It is also reported that by the end of 2013 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive the first missile of the Yars-M complex, the adoption of which is also planned for 2013. The ex-chief of the main headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces, retired Colonel General Viktor Esin emphasized in a conversation with RIA News that Yars-M, compared to its predecessor, will have a more advanced combat control system ().
October 5, 2013 - the first automatic launchers of the Yars missile systems are received by the Novosibirsk missile formation (Pashino / Gavrdeiskoye) - reports the press service of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Later it became known that the arrival of the first automatic launchers was delayed by 2 weeks. At least 2 APUs have been supplied.
Arrival of APU 15U175M of the RS-24 "Yars" complex in Pashino, Novosibirsk (10/05/2013, TV footage).
- 2013 November 27 - Media report that in 2014 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive 22 Yars mobile and silo missiles. Earlier, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General Sergei Karakaev, reported that in 2013 work would continue to re-equip the Novosibirsk and Kozelsky formations with new missile systems, and the rearmament of the first missile regiment of the Tagil formation had begun. In addition, according to him, during 2013, preparatory work will be carried out to rearm the Irkutsk and Yasnensky missile formations.
2013 December 17 - Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel General Sergei Karakaev, told the media that by the end of 2013, 15 Yars ICBMs will be on combat duty in missile formations in Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil. Moreover, in Novosibirsk one regiment was re-equipped with Yarsy, and in Nizhny Tagil - two.
2013 December 24 - from the Plesetsk test site to the Kura test site in Kamchatka at 11-00 Moscow time, a silo version of the Yars ICBM with a MIRV was successfully launched. The launch was successful and in 2014 it is planned to begin deploying the Yars silos at the Kozelsky missile formation.
Launch of an RS-24 Yars missile from an automatic launcher at the Plesetsk training ground on September 20, 2017 (video footage from the Russian Ministry of Defense).
Number of RS-24 ICBMs in the RSVN:
Year | Admission | TOTAL | Note |
2009 | 3 | 3 | One missile division as part of the 54th Guards Teikovsky Division of the Strategic Missile Forces entered experimental combat duty in December 2009. |
2010 | 0 | 3 | As of July and until the end of the year, replenishment is possible in December 2010. |
2010 | 3 | 6 | 12/17/2010, one division entered the 54th Guards Teikovsky Division in December 2010. |
2011 August | 3 | 9 | Commencement on combat duty of a full-time three-divisional regiment from 08/05/2011. |
December 2011 | 6 | 15 | On September 27, 2011, information appeared on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense that by the end of 2011, the second regiment of the Yars ICBM would take up combat duty in the Teikov division of the Strategic Missile Forces. On December 28, 2011, the second regiment, consisting of two divisions, took up combat duty. . |
2012 | 9-12 ? | 27 | It is planned to re-equip one regiment of the missile division in Pashino (Novosibirsk) and begin placing the systems in silos in the Kozelsk missile division |
2013 | 15 (1 missile regiment and 2 divisions) | 42 | APUs entered the Novosibirsk Missile Division (Pashino) and the 42nd Missile Division (Nizhny Tagil). In just one year, the Strategic Missile Forces re-equipped one missile regiment and two missile divisions with Yars complexes (). |
2014 | 16 (1 regiment and 4 divisions) | 58 | The plans were announced by the Russian Minister of Defense, General Sergei Shoigu, on December 10, 2013. It is planned to begin deploying ICBMs with silos in the Kozelsky missile formation. On August 19, 2014, the Kozelsk division deployed 2 missiles in silos; by the end of the year it is planned to put 4 missiles and a unified command post (one complex) on combat duty. In October 2014, the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Missile Forces told the media that since the beginning of the year, 9 SPU and 6 missiles for mobile versions, as well as 2 missiles for the silo version, have been received. By the end of the year it is planned to receive 3 more SPUs and 8 missiles. Total: 12 SPUs and 12 missiles for them + 4 missiles for silos (). 54 Guards missile division (Teykovo) |
2015 | It was planned to supply at least 20 ICBMs | 78 | 6 regiments are armed with Yars complexes at the SPU and in the silo () |
2016 | Delivery of 20 ICBMs to 5 regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces is expected 23 ICBMs actually delivered () | 101 (including 12 ICBMs in silos) | The rearmament of divisions in Pashino (Novosibirsk), Kozelsk (mine-based) and Nizhny Tagil will continue. The rearmament of divisions in Irkutsk and Yoshkar-Ola will begin. In total, it is planned to equip five missile regiments with Yars missiles () The complexes were supplied to the Tagil, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yoshkar-Olinsk and Kozelsk missile divisions. Regiments in Kozelsky (silo), Yoshkar-Olinsky, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations took up combat duty (). |
2017 | A missile regiment with mobile complexes "Yars-S" (as in the source) takes up combat duty in Yoshkar-Ola (, 2010 Rocket and space technology developed by NPO Iskra. Presentation. 2008 Rockets and spacecraft of the Yuzhnoye design bureau. Dnepropetrovsk, State Clinical Hospital "Yuzhnoye", 2000 Website of Russian military equipment. Forum http://www.rusarmy.com/forum, 2009 Russia's strategic nuclear weapons. Website |
One of the main directions of strengthening Russia's national security now is the modernization of its strategic nuclear forces. It is the maintenance of parity in the field of nuclear weapons (this is a situation when states have comparable capabilities of nuclear strike forces) that is the guarantor of Russia’s sovereignty, the inviolability of its current borders and high status in the international arena.
However, the current state of Russian strategic nuclear forces raises serious concerns. The fact is that most of the carriers of nuclear weapons were developed and created during the times of the Soviet Union, and every year these weapons (once formidable and unparalleled in the world) become more and more outdated. This applies to all components of the “nuclear triad”: the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces), missile submarines and strategic aviation. During the Soviet era, so many resources, both material and intellectual, were invested in strategic nuclear forces that we are still using the remaining reserves, but everything comes to an end someday. And now the time has come for Russia to seriously begin modernizing its strategic nuclear forces.
The potential enemy wastes no time. The United States is actively developing the latest missile defense systems; they cannot yet provide full protection against Russian missiles, but they are investing huge amounts of money in these programs. Also, in recent years, the United States has been actively developing the “Prompt Global Strike” program (lightning-fast global strike), which makes it possible to deliver a powerful blow to any point on the planet in the shortest possible time. In this case, high-precision, high-power non-nuclear weapons are used. The essence of the program comes down to the destruction of a significant part of the enemy’s nuclear arsenal before its possible use. The Americans are also actively improving and modernizing both nuclear charges and their delivery systems.
The main potential of Russian nuclear strategic weapons is located on ground-based nuclear missiles and belongs to the Strategic Missile Forces. These are stationary mine complexes and mobile launch complexes (“Topol”, “Topol-M”). The basis of Russian silo-based missiles are liquid-fuel missiles UR-100N UTTH (SS-19, Stiletto) and R-36M (SS-18, Satan). They are the ones who must deliver the maximum number of charges to enemy territory. During the Cold War, Americans were very afraid of these missiles. They have a high degree of readiness (the missiles are fueled and have data on the target coordinates), good security, and carry several warheads capable of bypassing the missile defense system. And these missiles themselves are highly reliable. But the service life of these missile systems is coming to an end. In addition, these missiles use a large number of components that are manufactured in Ukraine (SS-18 was generally made in Dnepropetrovsk) and now Russia may have serious problems with their maintenance.
Recently, certain steps have been taken towards the modernization of Russian RVNS. This process began back in the 90s, but active action began around the middle of the last decade. One of the most important steps taken in recent years is the replacement of the outdated RS-18 and RS-20A with the new fifth-generation solid propellant missile RS-24 Yars.
History of the creation of the Yars rocket
The RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile is, in fact, a deep modernization of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M missile system, the development of which began at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) in 1992, under the leadership of chief designer Solomatin. Work on the creation of a light fifth-generation solid-propellant rocket began in the USSR back in the late 80s and was entrusted to two largest missile centers at once: the Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhnoye Design Bureau and MIT. The result of the Muscovites’ work was the RT-2PM2 “Topol-M” missile with a monoblock warhead. There is information that at the same time work was also underway on a missile with a multiple independently targetable warhead (MIRV). In 2009, the restrictions of the SVN-1 treaty expired and Russia received the right to create a new missile carrying several warheads. The RS-24 Yars differs from the Topol-M only in its head part and a more modern control system.
In May 2007, the first test launch of the new R-24 missile was carried out, the second took place in December of the same year. Both launches were carried out from the Plesetsk test site and both were successful. The launches were carried out from the modernized Topol-M complex, which once again proves the high degree of similarity of these missiles. The third launch of the rocket took place at the beginning of 2008 and was also successful. The parameters and characteristics of the new missile were strictly tied to the technical characteristics of the Topol-M complex; there are no differences between the launch systems of these missiles. This should significantly reduce the cost of production. Some experts note the similarity of some characteristics of the R-24 Yars and the R-30 Bulava missile system.
A number of experts expressed surprise at such a small number of test launches before the missile was transferred to the troops (compared to Soviet times). However, the developers of the complex announced that new missiles are being tested under a new program, with more active use of computer modeling, which allows reducing the number of missile launches to a minimum. This approach is economically beneficial.
Initially, it was planned to begin deploying new missile systems in 2010. However, the supply of RS-24 to the Strategic Missile Forces began back in 2009. In 2010, the 54th Guards Missile Division (Ivanovo Region) received three new missile systems, Deputy Defense Minister Popovkin announced. At the end of the year, another RS-24 division (three complexes) entered service with the same division. In March 2011, it was officially announced that the RS-24 ICBM was on combat duty. In 2012, work began on re-equipping the Kozelsk and Novosibirsk missile units with a new missile system. At the beginning of 2014, the Russian special purpose missile forces were armed with 33 RS-24 missiles, each of them had four warheads.
The RS-2 ballistic missile is manufactured at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, and the launcher for the mobile complex is mass-produced at the Volgograd Production Association "Barricades".
Description of the RS-24 ICBM
The RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile was created to destroy important enemy military-industrial centers. Its design is in many respects identical to the RS-12M2 Topol-M missile. Only the head part and the control system differ.
The RS-24 Yars is a three-stage solid propellant missile. The rocket body is made of high-strength composite material based on aramid fiber. The rocket does not have stabilizers to control the flight; this function is performed by the engine nozzles of each stage. The nozzle nozzles and the bell of the nozzle blocks are also made of composite materials. The RS-24 uses solid fuel with high energy characteristics.
There is information that the warhead with the warhead disengagement system of the RS-24 Yars missile is very reminiscent of the Bulava warhead, which was also designed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Probably, Yars can deliver from three to six warheads, each with a capacity of up to 300 kilotons, to the affected area.
The flight control system is inertial. The information is processed by an on-board computer complex, which can correct the flight, taking into account information from GLONASS navigation satellites. An astronomical correction system may be installed. All missile electronics have increased resistance to the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. The Yars navigation system provides it with high accuracy in hitting targets.
In connection with the improvement of missile defense systems, changes were made to the Yars design to increase the survivability of the missile. The flight time was reduced as much as possible, and the active phase of the flight was significantly shortened (this is where the rocket is most vulnerable). Thanks to more advanced engines, the RS-24 gains speed faster than previous generation missiles. Moreover, the missile can perform maneuvers already at the initial stage of its trajectory, immediately after launch. The missile is equipped with a missile defense penetration complex (there is very little information about its characteristics); the missile throws out many decoys that are practically indistinguishable from real warheads in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The warheads are coated with a substance that absorbs radar radiation and are practically invisible even to the most modern radars.
The developers stated that a new system for distributing warheads, a ballistic type, was ready for the Yars, which would guide each unit individually. But whether this system was tested and how successful they were is unknown. It is possible that a liquid-fuel engine is at the stage of breeding warheads, although this seems unlikely, because MIT has always specialized in solid-fuel engines.
The RS-24 Yars has a more advanced thermonuclear charge, and it was created without testing (nuclear testing has been prohibited since 1989).
The launch of the RS-24 missile, both silo-based and mobile-based, is a mortar launch using a powder battery. The rocket leaves the factory in a special fiberglass container.
Technical characteristics of RS-24
Below are the technical characteristics of the missile system. Many are unknown because they are classified.
RS-24 rocket
Number of stages 3
Maximum flight range, km (estimated) 11-12
Maximum launch weight, kg (estimated) 46500-47200
Warhead charge power, Mt 0.15, 0.3
Weight of the head part, t 1.2-1.3
KVO, m 150
Guaranteed shelf life, 15 years
Control system Inertial, possibly with astro correction
Based Mine, mobile
In 2015, the creation of the Barguzin railway missile system began, which they plan to equip with Yars missiles. In the USSR there was a similar railway complex “Molodets”, but then, according to the SVN-2 agreement (1993), it was withdrawn from service. "Barguzin" is planned to be put into service by 2020.
In the next decade, the RS-24 missile system should completely replace the RS-18 and RS-20A Voevoda missiles. And together with the Topol-M missile, it will become the basis of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.
The Strategic Missile Forces tested on Wednesday a solid-fuel ballistic missile from the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), the development of which used elements of the latest PC-24 Yars missile system (created on the basis of the Topol-M RS-12M2 missile).
As a source in the military-industrial complex (DIC) told Izvestia, over time the new missile system can replace the Yars and Topolis, although its design differences from them are significant.
The rocket is different, it is larger than the Yars, and the difference can be seen with the naked eye. It has a different diameter, a different mass. At the same time, some elements and systems were borrowed from Yars,” Izvestia’s interlocutor explained, emphasizing that the rocket’s parameters, including the name, are classified for at least the next six months.
According to a representative of the defense industry, a new wheeled chassis was developed specifically for the new missile in Belarus. It differs from the MZKT-79221 chassis, on which the Yars and Topol-M are based, although it was also produced at the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. The source did not specify what the differences were, citing the confidentiality of the data.
By the number of axles or the size of the wheels, you can calculate the weight of the rocket, and knowing the weight, its characteristics,” Izvestia’s interlocutor explained the reason for such secrecy.
But the main differences are inside. The rocket uses new fuel, which is more efficient than the mixed fuel of Yarsov and Topol. At the Federal Center for Dual Technologies "Soyuz", where the fuel for the new rocket was produced, Izvestia was explained that we are not talking about a fundamentally different composition of substances, but about improving their quality.
Improvements in parameters were achieved by modernizing the production technology of fuel components and improving their quality. Unfortunately, nothing breakthrough can be achieved in this direction now, as it was at the beginning of the creation of solid fuel, so we are improving what we have,” explained the Soyuz representative, also refusing to specify the increase in power.
Nowadays, most solid fuel rockets use metal (aluminum, magnesium, etc.) as fuel, which burns in an oxidizer (ammonium perchloride, ammonium dinitramide, etc.).
The former chief of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN), Colonel-General Viktor Esin, explained to Izvestia that due to the new fuel, the active flight phase of the missile will be shorter, due to this it will be able to more effectively overcome US and NATO missile defenses and can be considered in as Russia's response to the creation of a global missile defense system.
The less the engine runs, the more difficult it is to detect the rocket,” Esin explained.
This is not a breakthrough, but certainly a step forward,” explained Yesin.
At the same time, Vladimir Dvorkin expressed confidence that the new complex will not become “the killer of Yars and Topols.”
There can be no talk of any replacement of “Topol” and “Yars”. It makes no sense to do this, because Topol and Yars are new missiles, and developing a replacement for them is absurd. No one will change missiles that have a very long service life,” Dvorkin expressed confidence.
At the same time, he added that anything specific about this missile can only be said when its main characteristics are known. Dvorkin noted that Russia was supposed to transfer the launch parameters to the United States as part of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START).
Another representative of the military-industrial complex told Izvestia that in terms of weight and size characteristics, the new missile is almost identical to the Topol and Yars.
For the launch in Plesetsk, a slightly modernized Yars launcher was used. In principle, the new missile will apparently be compatible with old installations, although, of course, solutions for electronics, control systems and other systems will change, and perhaps the launcher will have to be significantly altered, explained Izvestia’s interlocutor.
At the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), where the rocket was designed, Izvestia was told that the development was “classified” and they could not talk about it until the “Secret” classification was removed. The same was answered at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, where the rocket itself was built.
Even the name of this rocket is classified. It cannot be pronounced. But this is not Yars or Avangard,” noted a representative of one of the enterprises.
Earlier, Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov called the promising missile being developed by MIT “Avangard.” According to experts, it is a development of the Yars project, which, in turn, is a direct descendant of the famous Topol missile systems RS-12M Topol and RS-12M2 Topol-M. A similar technology is used to produce the Bulava naval missile, which was developed on the basis of the Topol.
According to the Strategic Missile Forces, the rocket launched on Wednesday morning from the Plesetsk cosmodrome and less than half an hour later, a dummy warhead fell into a designated area of the Kura training ground in Kamchatka.
The training combat unit arrived at the designated area at the Kura training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The set goals for the launch were achieved, the press service of the Strategic Missile Forces told Izvestia immediately after the launch.
According to the Strategic Missile Forces, the main goals and objectives of the launch were “to obtain experimental data to confirm the correctness of the scientific, technical and technological solutions adopted during the development of ICBMs,” as well as “to test the performance and determine the technical characteristics of systems and assemblies” of the missile.
The Strategic Missile Forces refused to clarify what kind of data this is, what characteristics and systems we are talking about. At the same time, they noted that the new missile is being created “with maximum use and development of existing new foundations and technological solutions obtained during the development of fifth-generation missile systems,” which confirms sources’ data about the unification of the new missile with Yars, Topol " and "Mace".
MOSCOW, September 14— RIA Novosti, Andrey Stanavov. Complexes with RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles and promising heavy RS-28 Sarmat missiles, together with Topol-M, will in the near future become the basis of the ground-based component of Russia's nuclear triad. Mobile and silo-based, solid and liquid fuel, monoblock and multiple warheads, equipped with the latest technologies for overcoming missile defense - the arsenal is impressive. The policy for the creation and use of this formidable weapon in the Strategic Missile Forces is supervised by the Military Scientific Committee. This year it celebrates its 55th anniversary. About how the survivability of mobile "Yars" and "Topols" is increased on combat duty and why the secret machine "Typhoon-M" was developed - in the RIA Novosti material.
Mobile nuclear
The abbreviation PGRK is a mobile ground-based missile system. Its main feature is self-propelled launchers, which “roam” around combat patrol areas and hide from enemy reconnaissance. It is traditionally believed that mobility provides complexes with high survivability - they are camouflaged and constantly moving, and, thanks to their high maneuverability, they can do without roads.
But this coin also has a downside - if a reinforced concrete stationary mine can be disabled only by a direct hit from heavy penetrating ammunition, then even a small sabotage group with grenade launchers can destroy a mobile complex. Or, for example, a powerful anti-tank mine, pre-planted along the route.
© AP Photo Military personnel inspect the Topol-M missile silo
“Although vehicles can go along any route and sometimes it is quite difficult to determine exactly where this or that complex will go, they are still definitely more vulnerable to saboteurs than mine vehicles,” military expert, retired Colonel General Viktor Esin told RIA Novosti , who previously served as chief of the main headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces.
The problem of covering mobile systems became acute immediately after the creation of the first Soviet PGRK "Temp-2S" in the early 1970s. Then the Pioneer appeared with a medium-range missile, which was guarded by an entire mini-army on an armored personnel carrier with machine guns and an impressive amount of ammunition. Sappers were on duty along the routes.
The fight for survivability
Today Russia has three types of PGRK: "Topol", "Topol-M" and "Yars". To protect them, the most advanced technologies and unique vehicles are used, which sometimes look like military equipment from science fiction films about the future.
"Typhoon-M" against saboteurs: missilemen learn to control the new reconnaissance armored personnel carrierThe newest anti-sabotage vehicle "Typhoon-M" with a thermal imager and a drone was looking for "saboteurs" at the training ground in Serpukhov. Watch the RIA Novosti video to see what other capabilities the combat vehicle has.“Each complex includes specialized combat vehicles and personnel of security units,” notes Esin. “They accompany installations everywhere. As the capabilities of sabotage groups increase, these vehicles are improved. As far as I know, today it is already possible to search for saboteurs and reconnaissance use robotic means and unmanned aerial vehicles."
Recently, a rather interesting anti-sabotage vehicle (BPDM) "Typhoon-M" appeared in service with the Strategic Missile Forces. It is built on the basis of the BTR-82 and is equipped with a unique all-weather radio and optical-electronic surveillance system, which allows the crew to detect a person at a distance of up to three kilometers, and equipment at twice that distance. The Typhoon-M carries electronic warfare equipment, a system for countering radio-controlled explosive devices, and an Eleron-3SV unmanned aerial vehicle. The crew of the vehicle presumably includes a commander, a driver and a detection systems operator.
In addition, robots can be used to guard the PGRK - the Nerekhta technical complex has more than once participated in anti-sabotage exercises. The smart robot is equipped with an optical-electronic system, a thermal imager, a laser range finder and a ballistic computer. The device is capable of combat, reconnaissance and patrolling; the built-in 12.7-mm Kord machine gun fires remotely in continuous bursts of 600-750 rounds per minute.
© Photo: courtesy of the Foundation for Advanced StudyCombat robot "Nerekhta"
© Photo: courtesy of the Foundation for Advanced Study
It was reported that by the end of 2017, strategic missile forces will receive more than 20 pieces of advanced equipment for chemical reconnaissance and aerosol camouflage of field positions. In particular, the RKhM-6 chemical reconnaissance vehicle based on the BTR-80 is designed for radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance, and the new generation ARS-14KM auto-filling station is for degassing, decontamination and disinfection. The Ministry of Defense noted that these new items will significantly increase the survivability of the Yars missile system. According to Viktor Esin, the “honorary escort” of the Topol and Yars traditionally also includes special vehicles for clearing mines and blocking remote explosions, and in case of war, increased security is provided by the forces of military districts.
According to the Ministry of Defense, by the end of 2017 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive a record amount of engineering equipment in the history of modern Russia. The four formations will receive 12 engineering support and camouflage vehicles (MIOM), as well as remote demining vehicles (MDR) "Foliage". "Foliage" was developed in 2013 as part of the Yars R&D project specifically for clearing minefields, radio-controlled mines and landmines.
"They won't hit you with wings"
Thus, it can already be noted that the latest Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles are reliably protected from sabotage groups. As for all kinds of theories of a global disarming strike on them with cruise missiles, Yesin called them “children’s fairy tales.”
“The press often writes that you can deliver a disarming strike with cruise missiles, and then we seem to have nothing to respond with. These are children’s fairy tales. According to our doctrine, an attack on a nuclear facility, even by conventional forces, is considered the outbreak of a nuclear war. A massive nuclear strike will immediately follow in response. This is what guides not only Russia, but also the United States, and, I think, China too, although it does not reveal all its cards. Therefore, no one will ever risk attacking the nuclear arsenal with conventional weapons,” the general told RIA Novosti.
It is no coincidence that the Ministry of Defense pays special attention to the survivability of the Yars - these complexes, together with the heavy Sarmatians, will form the basis of the ground component of the Russian nuclear triad. In September, another successful test launch of the Yars silo version was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, as a result of which the warheads “landed” in the estimated area of the Kamchatka Kura test site.
The accuracy of the missile is such that with a range of 12 thousand kilometers it is capable of “fitting” into a circle with a radius of 150 meters. At the same time, according to various sources, the Yars carries from three to six warheads with a capacity of up to 300 kilotons each. Several regiments are now being re-equipped with these complexes, including the Tagil, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk missile formations.
Each state can ensure its national security, high status in the world and the inviolability of its borders by building up its strategic nuclear potential.
One of these countries that maintains parity in the field of nuclear weapons is the Russian Federation. In order for the strategic missile forces to be ready at any moment to confront a potential enemy, the Russian military command has to modernize them. The result of such work was the Yars intercontinental ballistic missile.
Rocket developments during the USSR
Today, the state of the Russian Federation's strategic nuclear forces raises serious concerns among many Russian military experts. This is due to the fact that most of the nuclear launch vehicles used by the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces), submarine missile carriers and strategic aviation were developed and created during the times of the Soviet Union. In those years, a lot of intellectual and material resources were invested in the creation of such weapons.
The main potential of Russian nuclear strategic weapons is ground-based nuclear missiles. They are represented by stationary mine and mobile complexes “Topol” and “Topol-M”. The basis of this weaponry was the Stiletto and Satan liquid-fuel missiles. During the Cold War, it was these missiles that the American government feared most, since they knew that these Soviet developments were designed only for long-range targets, were well protected and could bypass US missile defenses. This Soviet weapon remained very formidable for a long time, having no analogues throughout the world. Its only drawback is considered to be susceptibility to obsolescence, which is why today Russian designers are having problems maintaining Soviet missiles. This is due to the fact that the components for them were previously manufactured in Ukraine, in the city of Dnepropetrovsk. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia's relations with Ukraine, the time has come for the Russian Federation to seriously think about its Strategic Missile Forces.
First steps
The modernization of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces began immediately in the 90s. The active phase of replacing the RS-18 and RS-20A occurred already in the middle of the last decade. In 2007, these missiles were replaced by the RS-24 (Yars missile. Photo presented in the article). Back in the 90s, it was assumed that sooner or later these weapons would have to replace the RS-20, RS-18, and at the same time the Topol-M. Today, the Yars (missile) is included in the base of the strike brigade of the strategic missile forces of Russia.
Who is the manufacturer?
This weapon was developed by employees of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). The head of the design work was Yu. S. Solomonov. In the 1980s, this issue was still being dealt with by employees of the Dnepropetrovsk Design Bureau “Yuzhnoye”. According to the provisions of the START-1 Treaty on the reduction of nuclear weapons between the USSR and America, the number of strategic delivery vehicles in service should not exceed 1,600 units and warheads for them - 600. In 2009, when this treaty expired, the Russian Federation received the right to possess a new missile with several combat units. The Yars intercontinental missile is a modernized RT-2PM2 Topol-M missile system, equipped with a modern control system. The production of new generation missiles is carried out by employees of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Serial production of launchers for mobile systems is carried out at the Barrikady machine-building enterprise in the city of Volgograd.
What else has been changed in the new generation rocket?
By improving missile defense, Russian designers increased the survivability of the RS-24. They managed to reduce the flight time as much as possible, since it was found that in the active phase the rocket becomes very vulnerable. By strengthening the engine equipped with the Yars rocket, its characteristics were significantly improved:
- The RS-24, unlike the previous generation missiles, picks up speed faster;
- the increased speed of the Yars rocket allows it to maneuver already in the initial stages after launch, overcoming the cloud from a nuclear explosion already at the very launch stage.
Thanks to the installed set of anti-missile defense (BMD) penetration systems (KSP), the RS-24 is capable of throwing out false targets, which in the electromagnetic spectrum are practically no different from real warheads. The means of overcoming were created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system, which are the developments of MIT and the Dnepropetrovsk design bureau "Yuzhnoye". The range of the complex consists of active and passive decoys, means that distort warheads and create their simulators.
In the production of the RS-24, a special substance is used to coat the warheads, the task of which is to absorb radar radiation. Thus, the Yars missile becomes completely invisible to the most modern radar.
To cover the body, a special composition is used, made using stealth technology. Thanks to him, the RS-24 is not susceptible to the effects of nuclear explosions.
Rocket tests
In May 2007, the Yars rocket was test launched for the first time at the Plesetsk test site. They relaunched in December. Both RS-24 launches were carried out at the Kura test site and both were successful. In 2008, the third launch of the Yars rocket was carried out.
Completion of design work
Information about the completion of state tests of the RS-24 varies. Newspapers wrote that the Yars rocket was ready only in 2010. According to the lead designer involved in the development of this installation, the RS-24 was fully ready in December 2009. In order to reduce the cost of mass production of a new generation rocket, the developers linked its parameters and characteristics to the Topol-M complex.
Some experts also see many similarities in the design of Yars missiles with the R-30 Bulava missile system.
What is the RS-24?
The Yars ballistic missile has the same design and parameters as the RS-12M2 Topol-M. The task of the RS-24 is to hit important enemy military-industrial centers located at long distances. The Yars rocket is a three-stage solid propellant rocket. For the manufacture of its body, a high-strength composite material was used, the basis of which is aramid fibers. The compartment in which the instrumentation is located is completely sealed. The Yars rocket is not equipped with flight control stabilizers. This function is carried out using motor nozzles. The nozzle blocks are also made of composite material. The RS-24 is equipped with high-energy solid fuel. As a surface-to-surface intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the RS-24 is capable of covering distances of up to 5,500 km.
Engines for Yars
The first versions of intercontinental ballistic missiles used liquid rocket engines. In order to launch ICBMs, rocket fuel was poured into their engines. The process itself was labor-intensive and time-consuming. It took several hours to prepare such a rocket. In addition, her launch complex was very bulky. According to the developers, this had a negative impact on the strategic value of the weapon. Today, intercontinental ballistic missiles have engines that require either solid fuel or liquid high-boiling raw materials containing ampulized fuel to operate. New ICBMs are ready from the factory for loading and transportation in special transport and launch containers. Such missiles can be stored for a long time and are ready to launch at any moment. Preparing missiles for flight is carried out remotely from remote command posts using special cables and radio channels. The whole process takes just a few minutes. In this way, both missile systems and their launchers are tested.
Electronics device
The Yars rocket is equipped with an inertial control system. All information is processed by the on-board computer complex. He is also responsible for adjusting the flight taking into account information received from GLONASS navigation satellites. The rocket's electronics are highly resistant to nuclear explosions. High accuracy of hitting the target is ensured by the navigation system equipped with the Yars missile. The characteristics of the RS-24 allow it to deliver warheads (up to six pieces) to the affected area. The power of each unit is at least 300 kilotons.
How does a rocket launch?
According to the developers, the Yars is equipped with a new warhead deployment system, which is of the ballistic type. The RS-24 uses more advanced thermonuclear charges, the creation of which did not involve a single nuclear test. This is due to the fact that they have been banned since 1989. The Yars missile can be both silo-based and mobile-based. In both cases, a powder accumulator is used at start. To transport the rocket from the factory, special containers made of fiberglass are provided.
Deployment
The military-industrial complex began supplying the fifth-generation missile to the Russian Strategic Missile Forces already in 2009. In the first combat unit, mobile missile systems were equipped with multiple warheads.
In 2010, the Yars complex was sent for combat duty to the Teykov missile division (Ivanovo region).
In 2012, the transition of missile formations of the Strategic Missile Forces in Novosibirsk and Kozelsk began. In 2013, it was planned to completely re-equip these missile regiments with new RS-24s. A similar fate awaited the Tagil and Irkutsk missile divisions. In 2013, the Yars ICBM was launched at the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
At the beginning of 2016, the Russian Strategic Missile Forces had 73 RS-24s. Of these, 63 units are intended for mobile deployment, and the rest for silo deployment. This year, employees of the Votkinsk plant planned to produce twenty “Yars” for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
In 2016, the plant assembled 23 launchers for fifth-generation missiles. By the end of 2016, the Russian Strategic Missile Forces had 96 RS-24s in service. 78 of them are mobile, 18 are mine.
Performance characteristics
- Manufacturer - Votkinsk plant.
- Yars is intended to be an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
- The rocket has three stages.
- The length of one step is 800 cm.
- The size of the rocket including the warhead is 23 m.
- The APU uses a YaMZ-847 diesel engine with a power of 800 hp. With.
- The length of the RS-24 without the head part is 17 m.
- Turning radius - 18 m.
- The missile is designed for a flight range of up to 12 thousand meters.
- "Yars" is equipped with four warheads.
- The weight of the RS-24 is 47 tons 200 kg.
- The mass of the head part is 1.3 tons.
- The width of the APU is over three meters
- The rocket can be equipped with an autonomous or inertial control system.
- KVO - 150 meters.
- The missile is designed for silo and mobile deployment.
- The warranty period of the RS-24 does not exceed 15 years.
Future plans
MIT's development of the RS-24 replaced the RS-18 and RS-20 Topol-M ICBMs. During the years of the USSR, the Molodets railway complex was in service with the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces. But in 1993, under the terms of the SVN-2 agreement, these weapons were removed. Since 2015, Russian designers have continued work on the promising Barguzin railway missile system. It is planned that it will enter service in 2020 and will be equipped with the new generation Yars missiles. In addition, for the next ten years it is planned to replace the RS-18 and RS-20 Voevoda, which are in service, with a new RS-24 missile system. The new generation Yars ICBM will become the basis of the strike group of the Strategic Missile Forces.