World Metrologist Day March 23. History of meteorology
The topic of weather is always relevant. Your mood, well-being, and plans for the current day depend on it. Humanity has been observing the weather for a long time. The first records of daily weather observations in Moscow and its environs appeared at the end of the 17th century, and attempts to predict weather changes atmospheric pressure began after the invention of the barometer. Every year, the economies of countries around the world suffer enormous damage from the consequences natural disasters, forecasting is necessary weather conditions to solve problems in agriculture, in aviation, shipping, and in other areas of human activity. More than 80% of all natural Disasters It has meteorological origin. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of meteorology in the life of society. Therefore, every year on March 23 since 1950, at the initiative of the UN, World Meteorology Day is celebrated under a certain motto dedicated to the most relevant this moment meteorological problem.
Meteorologists today
Congratulations are flying around the world,
We wish you good forecasts
And clear, sunny moments.
Only money cyclones
And storms - success and good luck,
Let the winds of goodness and strength
Everyone will help solve problems.
May your life be glorious
It's always just nice weather
May all problems pass you by,
Typhoons of grief and adversity.
Who will make an accurate forecast?
Who predicts a hurricane?
Only he is a meteorologist,
He knows the score of the cyclones.
On your holiday I wish you happiness,
Only sunny weather
Money hurricanes
Let your income increase.
Meteorologist is a rare profession:
Nerves are strong, intuition is accurate,
The people around are all ungrateful -
They think that only the untalented are ignorant here.
But they themselves don’t know how wrong they are.
You're all about science, they're guessing.
Cyclones, precipitation and wind roses
To know, you need doctor's degrees.
And let someone say that you are charlatans,
They will predict and try thunderstorms and tsunamis
And let them work night and day -
We won’t find them later even with fire.
We are the masters of weather forecasting,
We wish you to be on a strong platoon less often,
Calm down - we need an accurate forecast,
So as not to freeze your warm nose in vain in winter.
Let it be clear every day
And the sun shines so that everything blooms!
Let the light spring afternoon breeze
He will sing to you that it will be warm!
Let it rain sometimes,
May a bright rainbow rise in the sky!
Let the weather bring only joy to everyone,
To happy life yours was!
Meteorologists today
Celebrating your special day
Congratulations from the bottom of my heart, guys,
On a wonderful holiday, you are not lazy.
I want to wish you cyclones
Goodness, love, good luck,
Let the storms of money help
Solve all problems for you.
May the weather be nice
Always makes you happy in our hearts
I wish you victories and happiness,
And the mood is just ah!
To predict the weather and give a truthful answer,
You need to understand nature and know all its laws,
And you are our meteorologist, you know everything about nature,
AND weather forecasts you make up smartly!
We congratulate you on Meteorology Day,
We wish you a sunny and clear life,
We also wish you joy, happiness and good luck,
And let all difficult tasks be solved easily!
Meteorology -
Complex matter
Here for the accuracy of the forecast
All criteria are important.
To you, report specialists,
I wish for clarity
So that they can warn
About any danger.
Let it always be in a personal forecast
The sun wins
And enthusiasm and positivity
The clouds are clearing away.
I want meteorologists
Congratulations on their glorious day.
The forecast is excellent for the whole year
You have fun making up.
Let them not be afraid in life
Rains, storms and blizzards.
And they will only be next to you
Your beloved hands.
In the work of joy, victories,
Love your science.
With cyclones, fronts
Let them not be bored.
Give accurate forecasts
It has long been easy for you,
You can predict the weather
And it is possible to describe it.
Today is a holiday, your only day,
I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart.
Meteorologists, vivat!
I wish you well and happiness.
Let work give you joy
And may you succeed in everything,
Let there be no clouds in the sky
And may the sun smile on you.
Happy World Meteorology Day
I want to congratulate many now,
After all, everyone needs a forecast,
When to expect heat or frost.
So as not to go out in the rain without an umbrella,
Don't be sad that the weather is bad.
Do you check the weather more often?
Don't get your fashionable shoes wet!
To plan your leisure time correctly,
Don't go for a walk when hail is on your way,
Dress yourself and your children warmer,
Or, conversely, not suffer from the heat.
Congratulations: 34 in verse.
Nature has no bad weather –
Every weather is a blessing.
Whether it rains or snows – any time of year
We must accept it gratefully!
E. Ryazanov
Today, On March 23, workers of the Russian hydrometeorological service celebrate their professional holiday - those people, thanks to whose work we know exactly what kind of weather awaits us! The holiday is quite young; the event was first celebrated in 2009, after the publication of the corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on May 19, 2008. The date was not chosen by chance - it coincides with the formation of the World Meteorological Organization in 1950.Yulia Novikova, head of the cultural initiatives sector,offers to get acquainted with some key points from the history of the development of meteorology, and for those who are interested in the topic, a list has been prepared at the end of the article interesting books in meteorology!
The word "meteorology" comes from Aristotle's treatise on celestial phenomena - "Meteorology". Aristotle chose the name based on the Greek expression that meteor- “objects in the air.” Among these he counted rains and comets, hail and meteors, rainbows and auroras. He identified hydrometeors – “objects” consisting of water or ice – as a special group.
The first treatise on weather observation was written by Aristotle's student Theophastus (372-287 BC). IN poetic form he outlined more than two hundred signs; some of them have survived to this day and have been translated into Russian:
If the wind blows in the evening, the sailor has nothing to fear,
If it blows in the morning, the sailor will not expect good things.
If the clouds are piled up in the form of towers or rocks -
Soon the downpour will burst into a fierce squall.
In Russian chronicles, the first evidence of weather appears in the description of events dating back to the second half of the 9th century. In the second half of the 17th century, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, daily records of the weather conditions in Moscow and its environs began to be kept. And after the invention of the barometer, attempts were made to predict the weather by changes in atmospheric pressure. On December 1, 1725, the first regular instrumental meteorological weather observations in Russia were started at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
In Europe, also during this period, attempts were made to study and predict the weather. However, there were also plenty of weather “predictors” among the people. That is whyIn the 17th century, a law was passed in England, according to which incorrect weather prediction was punishable death penalty. After this, there were almost no people left willing to predict the weather.
The first official weather services appeared in Europe after Crimean War. On November 14, 1854, a storm scattered the entire Anglo-French fleet besieging Sevastopol. When the director of the Paris Astronomical Observatory reported that the storm could have been predicted in advance, a meteorological department was created in England under the command of Admiral Robert Fitzroy.
In 1872 the international meteorological organization(MMO). On October 11, 1947, the Convention that established the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was opened for signature.
By the way! Around this period, tropical cyclones began to be called female names. This was invented by the English meteorologist Clement Wragg, who worked in Australia. At first he called tropical cyclones by names mythological monsters and letters of the Greek alphabet, and then began to assign the names of local politicians who especially irritated him. However international practice Hurricane naming arose after World War II, when Americans decided to use women's names for this purpose. But numerous feminist protests eventually led to the World Meteorological Organization adopting a new naming convention in 1979. tropical cyclones both female and male names.
April 2, 1948 Soviet Union acceded to the Convention, and on March 23, 1950, the Convention came into force. That is why the day is the official date of the formation of the WMO, created within the UN. The World Meteorological Organization has set itself many tasks, this includes facilitating worldwide cooperation in creating a network of stations making meteorological observations, and assisting in the creation and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological information, and promoting the further application of meteorology in aviation, shipping, and decision-making. water problems, in agriculture and in other areas of human activity and many others.
To datemeteorological data is collected from 10,000 stationary weather stations on the planet. All these stations are links in a single chain. Every three hours, measurement data from weather stations is transmitted by telephone to 13 centers located throughout to the globe. From there, the data goes to all countries of the world, where weather forecasts are made based on it.
You will be surprised, but XXI century there are places where the weather is determined by voting! Thus, a weather station in San Francisco, giving a weather forecast, indicates the probability of its fulfillment, for example, like this: “Tomorrow it will rain with a probability of 7/3.” The fact is that ten station employees are voting.
But it often turns out that neither voting nor Computer techologies do not help meteorologists predict certain events. And all because the weather on Earth is rapidly changing due to air mobility. In 10-20 minutes, the weather can change beyond recognition: now the sun is shining and it’s warm, and a moment later it’s cloudy and raining. It's even worse if there's a hurricane. And sometimes unpredictable things happen!
Of course, this also has its advantages. If everything were so predictable, then most likely the weather would not have managed to get into the Guinness Book of Records as one of the most popular keywords for searching on the Internet! There's even an appropriate saying: “If the weather did not change, then nine out of ten people would not be able to start a single conversation.”
And so that you can not only start a conversation with the weather, but also shine with your erudition, we invite you to get acquainted with books from our library that you will definitely like!
Selezneva, E. S. The first women geophysicists and meteorologists / E. S. Selezneva. – Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989. – 182 p.
Why is there an entire book dedicated to the first women meteorologists, you ask? But because meteorology was one of the first fields of science in which in Russia, since 1913, women were given the right to work on an equal basis with men in scientific positions. The first women geophysicists and meteorologists were educated at the Bestuzhev courses. The book will introduce you in detail to scientific activity outstanding graduates of the Bestuzhev courses.
Ugryumov, A. When it rains: entertaining meteorology / AlexanderUgryumov. - Moscow: Olma Media Group, 2014. - 127 p.
This book about the history of meteorology and weather forecasting, successes and difficulties in weather forecasting will be of interest to both young readers and avid book lovers. This book tells how you and I ourselves, without using any super-complicated and cutting-edge instruments, can quite confidently predict the weather.
The topic of weather is the most relevant and popular in the environment human communication. A lot depends on the weather, including our mood and well-being, our plans and, of course, their implementation. Humanity has been interested in weather for a long time. In Russian chronicles, the first evidence of weather appears in the description of events dating back to the second half of the 9th century. In the second half of the 17th century, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, daily records of the weather conditions in Moscow and its environs began to be kept. And after the invention of the barometer, attempts were made to predict the weather by changes in atmospheric pressure. On December 1, 1725, the first regular instrumental meteorological weather observations in Russia were started at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
World Meteorological Organization
In 1872, the International Meteorological Organization (IMO) was established. On October 11, 1947, the Convention was opened for signature, which established the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to replace the IMO. On April 2, 1948, the Soviet Union acceded to the Convention, and on March 23, 1950, the Convention came into force. Thus, March 23 is the official date of the formation of the WMO, created within the UN. The World Meteorological Organization has set itself many tasks, including facilitating worldwide cooperation in creating a network of stations making meteorological observations.
Thus, the tasks of WMO are also to assist in the creation and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological information, and to promote the further application of meteorology in aviation, shipping, in solving water problems, in agriculture and in other areas of human activity, and many others.
The World Meteorological Organization, as a specialized intergovernmental organization of the UN system, allows us to support interstate cooperation in hydrometeorology and operational hydrology. what is possible through coordination of global, regional, national systems observations and international exchange hydrometeorological data.
The representative of Russia in this global observation system is Roshydromet with its network of hydrometeorological and aerological stations, which includes the Northern Interregional Territorial Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
The meaning of the holiday March 23
At the initiative of the World Meteorological Organization, starting in 1961, the world meteorological community began to celebrate March 23 as World Meteorological Day (WMD) - the professional Day of meteorologists around the planet. Each year, WMO celebrates Meteorologist's Day under a specific theme, focusing on Special attention any specific and relevant this moment topic.
Every year to attract the attention of the population, public and government bodies to hydrometeorology not only as a science, but also as an operational service acting in the interests of industry development national economy, during the celebration of March 23rd World meteorological day(Meteorologist Day) provides comprehensive media coverage various aspects activities of the hydrometeorological service.
World Meteorology Day is celebrated with ceremonial meetings in teams, meetings with service veterans, holiday congratulations received from territorial bodies authorities, serviced organizations and enterprises, educational institutions.
The established holiday of March 23 - World Meteorological Day (Meteorologist's Day) is a sign of respect and gratitude to people who have chosen an interesting, but at the same time very difficult profession. The celebration of World Meteorological Day is intended to enhance the authority of Roshydromet and recognition important role the work of Russian hydrometeorologists.
History of meteorology
Even at the dawn of its history, man was faced with adverse atmospheric phenomena. Not understanding them, he deified the terrible and natural phenomena associated with the atmosphere (gods - Perun, Zeus, Dazhbog, etc.). As civilization develops in China, India, and the Mediterranean countries, attempts are made at regular meteorological observations, and the first scientific ideas about climate appear. The first work about atmospheric phenomena was compiled by Aristotle.
Modern scientific meteorology dates back to the 17th century, when the foundations of physics were laid. The great scientist Galileo and his students invented a thermometer (1610), a barometer, a rain gauge, that is, a new opportunity instrumental observations. Since the middle of the 17th century. The Academy of Experimentation in Tuscany organized the first small network of instrumental observations, which were carried out in several points in Europe. In addition, weather observations were an indispensable part of the programs of all sea voyages.
At the same time, the first meteorological theories appeared. E. Halley gave the first explanation of the monsoons, and E. Hadley published a treatise on the trade winds. By the middle of the 18th century. M.V. Lomonosov considered meteorology an independent science, main task which was "prediction of the weather."
In the middle of the 19th century. State networks of stations emerge. And at the beginning of the century, the foundations of climatology were laid in Germany through the works of A. Humboldt and G. Dove. Around 1820, G. W. Brandes in Germany came up with the idea of applying geographic Maps observations of the Mannheim network of stations. Thus, the first appeared synoptic maps, which made it possible to detect areas of high and low pressure. They turned out to be mobile and moved, as a rule, from west to east.
After the invention of the telegraph, from the 50s, on the initiative of the astronomer W. Le Verrier in France and Admiral R. Fitzroy in England synoptic research method atmospheric fronts quickly entered common use. On its basis, a new branch of meteorology arose - synoptic meteorology.
By the middle of the 19th century. refers to the organization of the first meteorological institutes, including the Main Physical Observatory in St. Petersburg (1849). In the second half of the 19th century, the foundations of dynamic meteorology were laid, i.e., the application of the laws of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics to the study of atmospheric processes.
In the 20th century new, in-depth approaches to climatological research have emerged. A particularly large contribution to the development of climatological problems in Russia was made by the works of A. A. Kaminsky, L. S. Berg, M. I. Budyko, M. M. Somov and others.
The modern meteorological service of Russia considers the date of its foundation to be June 21, 1921, when V.I. Lenin signed the decree of the Council People's Commissars"On the organization of a unified meteorological service in the RSFSR."
On January 1, 1930, in Moscow, in accordance with the Government Decree on the creation of a unified meteorological service of the country, the USSR Central Weather Bureau was formed.
Currently a research hydrometeorological center Russian Federation occupies key positions in the development of the main directions of hydrometeorological science.
The Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, along with methodological and research work, carries out extensive operational work, and also performs the functions of the World Meteorological Center and the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center World Service weather in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) system. In addition, the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia is a regional center for zonal weather forecasts within the framework of World system zonal forecasts. On a regional scale, the same work is carried out by regional hydrometeorological centers.
The scientific and operational-production activities of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia are not limited to weather forecasts. The Hydrometeorological Center actively works in the field of hydrology of land waters, oceanography and marine meteorology, agrometeorology and produces a wide range of various specialized products. Forecasting yields of major agricultural crops, forecasting air quality in cities, long term forecast level of the Caspian Sea and other inland water bodies for management water resources, forecast of river flow and associated floods and floods, etc. are also areas of scientific and practical activities Hydrometeorological Center of Russia.
“Nature has no bad weather,” says one popular song. That’s how it is, but finding out the weather forecast for the coming days and months and coordinating your plans with it is almost the sacred duty of every person! Fortunately, in order to decide whether tomorrow will be rain or sunshine, whether the temperature is expected to rise or fall, you don’t need to go to a fortune teller or cast your spell on the coffee grounds yourself. After all, meteorologists - people who know everything about the weather - do an excellent job with this task!
History of the Russian Meteorological Service
Weather observations were carried out in Rus' during the Petrine era. In 1722, Peter I ordered daily monitoring of the weather in St. Petersburg. Russia also became the first country in which in 1834, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, it was established civil service By meteorological observations. It must be said that many similar services that appeared later in Western European countries were created precisely in its “image and likeness.”
In the 20th century, the USSR meteorological service was one of the best in the world. Its history dates back to 1921: June 21 V.I. Lenin signed a decree “On the organization of the meteorological service of the RSFSR.” It was in the Soviet Union that the first automatic weather station(1933), the drifting station “North Pole-1” was put into operation (1937), principles for compiling a mathematical weather forecast were developed (1940).
Became especially significant for history Russian meteorology 1964, when the World Meteorological Center was opened in Moscow. For almost 50 years it has been providing reliable information to create a weather forecast not only in Russia, but throughout the globe.
History of the holiday World Meteorology Day
World Meteorology Day is celebrated under the auspices of the UN on March 23. This date was not chosen by chance. The holiday was established in 1950, after the World Meteorological Watch was founded on March 23, 1950. Today, 189 countries are members of the organization, including Russia. This means that the holiday is celebrated very widely in almost all leading countries of the world.
Holiday traditions
In progress meteorological services hundreds of thousands of specialists are involved, working in areas such as climatology, dynamical, physical and synoptic meteorology. On a holiday there are scientific conferences, international seminars, meetings, receptions, in which employees of all departments of meteorology in Russia, as well as members of the Geographical Society and students of hydrometeorology departments, take part.