Armed forces of the Russian Federation: strength, structure, weapons. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Armed Forces of the Russian Federation VKontakte
The decoding of the relatively recently appeared in the media abbreviation “VKS” is known to almost everyone: “Aerospace Forces”. The Russian Aerospace Forces were formed in 2019. However, the prerequisites for the formation of these forces emerged in the second half of 2008. Forcing Georgia to peace forced the command of the Russian armed forces to completely reconsider the structure of the Russian Air Force, which in practice turned out to be morally outdated and imperfect.
The current state of the Russian Aerospace Forces
After August 1, 2015, as a result of the merger of the Air Force and Aerospace Defense, a new type of armed forces was formed - the Russian Aerospace Forces. The commander of the Aerospace Forces was General Viktor Bondarev, who repeatedly participated in various military conflicts, Hero of the Russian Federation and Honored Pilot of the Russian Federation.
The creation of the Aerospace Forces made it possible to concentrate all the country's air defense assets - air force and air defense troops with the latest equipment - in a single structure.
BBC today
The Air Force of the Russian Aerospace Forces performs the following tasks:
- Air and space reconnaissance;
- Detection of the beginning of hostilities against the country in aerospace. After detection, the aerospace forces must notify the control authorities, and using all available weapons, repel the attack;
- Protection of important and strategic management facilities and economic areas of the country. In addition to defense, aerospace forces must strike at enemy strategic targets;
- Air support for other types of troops.
In addition to combat operations, the Russian Aerospace Forces must ensure launches of vehicles into space and control them using the latest equipment.
Prospects for Air Force modernization
The General Headquarters of Space Defense stated that the Aerospace Forces in the coming years will be equipped with more than a hundred units of new aircraft, mainly for military purposes. This statement was made after the MAKS-2017 aerospace salon. According to the Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces, General Bondarev, the tasks of updating the aircraft fleet are being solved at an accelerated pace, and by 2019 it is planned to increase the combat effectiveness of the Aerospace Forces aviation to 95 percent.
In addition to the arrival of new equipment to military units, major repairs and modernization of older aircraft and helicopters are expected. Bondarenko emphasized that the equipment of the Russian Aerospace Forces is in no way inferior to the air fleets of world powers.
When asked whether the Aerospace Forces will receive increased funding and what the general course of the state armament program is until 2025, the general replied that there will be more than enough funds for equipment and the implementation of the Aerospace Forces’ tasks. It was also said that by 2025, 80-90 percent of combat aircraft will be the latest models of equipment.
Tactical level of the Air Force today
Today, the Air Force fleet contains more than 3,800 aircraft, 1,400 helicopters of various types and has the latest equipment, some models of which have no equal in the world. Considering the total number of aircraft, it is difficult to believe that in 7 years it will be possible to replace more than 80 percent of it. Such colossal expenses are beyond the capabilities of even the NATO army. Although observing the renewal trend, which has been clearly visible since 2011, it should be recognized that every year the Aerospace Forces management purchases hundreds of combat equipment.
According to the VKS information service, each pilot training center will receive new Sr-10 training aircraft in 2019. They will be used in pilot training along with the Yak-152 and Yak-130. Since the Air Force is expected to receive many new fighters and bombers in the coming years, there is no need to worry about the safety of the country’s airspace.
Problems of import substitution and ways to solve them
In the recent past, most helicopter engines were supplied to Russia from Ukraine. However, as a result of the aggravation of the situation and the change of government in Ukraine, these supplies almost completely stopped. As a result of the enormous work done by the United Engine Corporation, this problem was solved in literally three years. Now the production of helicopter engines has been established in Russia. The rapid expansion of production capacity made it possible to supply the entire Russian helicopter industry.
A similar situation arose with the production of engines for cruise missiles. The quick response of Russian designers made it possible to cope with this problem.
Unfortunately, not all problems with import substitution were successfully resolved. The military transport aviation of the VKS was left without AN series aircraft. After the change of power in Ukraine, the joint program was curtailed, and there are no Russian analogs of the AN series military transport aircraft yet.
The main guarantor of the independence and inviolability of the borders of any state is its armed forces. Diplomacy and economic means are certainly important (and effective) tools of international politics, but only those countries that are able to defend themselves are viable. The entire political history of mankind is proof of this thesis.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces) are currently one of the largest in the world in terms of numbers. In rankings compiled by expert groups, the Russian army is usually in the top five, along with the armed forces of China, India, the United States and the DPRK. The size of the Russian army is determined by decrees of the country's president, who, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Currently (summer 2019) it is 1,885,371 people, including about 1 million military personnel. Today, our country’s mobilization resource is approximately 62 million people.
Russia is a nuclear state. Moreover, our country has one of the largest arsenals of nuclear weapons, as well as sophisticated and numerous means of delivering them. The Russian Federation ensures a closed cycle of nuclear weapons production.
Our country has one of the most developed military-industrial complexes in the world; the Russian military-industrial complex is capable of providing the armed forces with almost the entire range of weapons, military equipment and ammunition, from pistols to ballistic missiles. Moreover, Russia is one of the largest arms exporters in the world, with $14 billion worth of Russian weapons sold in 2017.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created on May 7, 1992 on the basis of units of the USSR Armed Forces, but the history of the Russian army is much longer and richer. It can be called the heir not only of the armed forces of the USSR, but also of the Russian imperial army, which ceased to exist in 1917.
Nowadays, the recruitment of the Russian armed forces occurs on a mixed principle: both through conscription and on a contract basis. Modern government policy in the field of formation of the armed forces is aimed at increasing the number of professionals serving under contract. Currently, all non-commissioned officers of the RF Armed Forces are completely professional.
The annual budget of the Russian armed forces in 2019 was 3.287 trillion rubles. This is 5.4% of the country's total GDP.
Currently, conscript service in the Russian army is 12 months. Men between the ages of 18 and 27 can be drafted into the armed forces.
History of the Russian Army
On July 14, 1990, the first Russian military department appeared. It was called the “State Committee of the RSFSR for support and interaction with the Ministry of Defense and the KGB of the USSR.” After the August putsch in Moscow, the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR was formed for a short time on the basis of a committee.
After the collapse of the USSR, the United Armed Forces of the CIS countries were formed, but this was a temporary measure: on May 7, 1992, the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Initially, the RF Armed Forces included all military units located on the territory of the country, as well as troops that were under Russian jurisdiction. Then their number was 2.88 million people. Almost immediately the question of reforming the armed forces arose.
The 90s were a difficult period for the Russian army. Chronic underfunding led to the fact that the best personnel left it, the purchase of new types of weapons practically ceased, many military factories were closed, and promising projects were stopped. Almost immediately after the creation of the Russian armed forces, plans appeared to completely transfer them to a contract basis, but lack of funding for a long time did not allow moving in this direction.
In 1995, the first Chechen campaign began, which demonstrated the catastrophic situation of the Russian army. The troops were understaffed, and the fighting showed serious shortcomings in their management.
In 2008, the Russian Armed Forces took part in the conflict in South Ossetia. He revealed a large number of shortcomings and problems of the modern Russian army. The most serious of them were low troop mobility and poor controllability. After the end of the conflict, the start of military reform was announced, which was supposed to significantly increase the mobility of the Armed Forces units and increase the coordination of their joint actions. The result of the reform was a reduction in the number of military districts (four instead of six), a simplification of the ground forces command and control system, and a significant increase in the army budget.
All this made it possible to speed up the entry of new military equipment into the troops, attract a larger number of contract professionals, and increase the intensity of combat training of units.
During the same period, regiments and divisions began to be reorganized into brigades. True, in 2013 the reverse process began: regiments and divisions began to form again.
In 2014, the Russian army played a key role in the return of Crimea. In September 2019, the operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria began, which continues to this day.
Structure of the Russian army
According to the Russian Constitution, the overall leadership of the Russian armed forces is exercised by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, who is the president of the country. He heads and forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation, whose tasks include developing military doctrine and appointing senior leadership of the armed forces. The president of the country signs decrees on urgent conscription and transfer of military personnel to the reserve, approves various international documents in the field of defense and military cooperation.
Direct control of the armed forces is exercised by the Ministry of Defense. Its main task is to implement state policy in the field of defense, maintain constant readiness of the armed forces, develop the military potential of the state, resolve a wide range of social issues, and conduct events for interstate cooperation in the military sphere.
Currently (since 2012), the Russian Minister of Defense is Army General Sergei Shoigu.
The operational command of the RF Armed Forces is exercised by the country's General Staff. Its head at the moment is Army General Valery Gerasimov.
The General Staff carries out strategic planning for the use of the armed forces, as well as other law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. This body is also involved in operational and mobilization training of the Russian army. If necessary, it is under the leadership of the General Staff that the mobilization deployment of the RF Armed Forces takes place.
Currently, the Russian Armed Forces include three types of troops:
Also an integral part of the RF Armed Forces are the following types of troops:
- Special troops.
The most numerous are the Ground Forces, they include the following types of troops:
- Tank;
- Air Defense Forces;
- Special troops.
Ground forces are the backbone of the modern Russian army; they carry out ground operations, seize territories and inflict the main damage on the enemy.
The Aerospace Forces are the youngest branch of the Russian army. The decree on their formation was issued on August 1, 2015. The VKS were created on the basis of the Russian Air Force.
The Aerospace Forces includes the Air Force, consisting of army, front-line, long-range and military transport aviation. In addition, anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops are an integral part of the Air Force.
Another branch of the military that is part of the Aerospace Forces is the air defense and missile defense troops. Their tasks include warning of a missile attack, managing the orbital constellation of satellites, missile defense of the Russian capital, launching spacecraft, and testing various types of missile and aircraft equipment. The structure of these particular troops includes two cosmodromes: Plesetsk and Baikonur.
Another component of the Air Force is the Space Force.
The Navy is a branch of the armed forces that can conduct operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. It is capable of delivering nuclear and conventional strikes against enemy sea and land targets, landing troops on the coast, protecting the economic interests of the country, and conducting search and rescue operations.
The Russian Navy includes surface and submarine forces, naval aviation, coastal troops and special forces units. The submarine forces of the Russian Navy can carry out strategic missions; they are armed with submarine missile carriers with ballistic nuclear missiles.
The coastal forces include units of the marine corps and missile and artillery coastal troops.
The Russian Navy includes four fleets: the Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic and Northern, as well as the Caspian Flotilla.
A separate branch of the military is the Strategic Missile Forces - this is the main component of Russia's nuclear forces. The Strategic Missile Forces are an instrument of global deterrence; it is a guarantee of a retaliatory strike in the event of a nuclear attack on our country. The main armament of the Strategic Missile Forces are strategic intercontinental missiles with mobile and silo-based nuclear warheads.
The Strategic Missile Forces include three missile armies (with headquarters in Omsk, Vladimir and Orenburg), the Kapustin Yar test site, research and educational institutions.
The airborne troops also belong to a separate branch of the military and are the reserve of the Commander-in-Chief. The first airborne units were formed in the USSR back in the early 30s. This branch of the military has always been considered the elite of the army, and it remains so to this day.
The Airborne Forces include airborne and air assault units: divisions, brigades and individual units. The main purpose of paratroopers is to conduct combat operations behind enemy lines. Today, the Russian Airborne Forces include five divisions, five brigades and a separate communications regiment, as well as specialized educational institutions and training centers.
The RF Armed Forces also include special troops. This name refers to the set of units that ensure the normal functioning of the Ground Forces, Aerospace Forces and Navy. Special troops include railway troops, medical service, road and pipeline troops, and topographic service. This branch of troops also includes special units of the GRU.
Territorial division of the RF Armed Forces
Currently, the territory of Russia is divided into four military districts: Western (headquarters in St. Petersburg), Central (headquarters in Yekaterinburg), Southern (Rostov-on-Don) and Eastern with headquarters in Khabarovsk.
In 2014, it was announced the formation of a new military structure - the North strategic command, whose task is to protect Russian state interests in the Arctic. In fact, this is another military district created on the basis of the Northern Fleet. It has land, air and naval components.
Armament of the Russian Army
Most types of weapons and military equipment that are currently used by the Russian army were developed and manufactured during the Soviet period. Tanks T-72, T-80, BTR-80, BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3, BMD-1, BMD-2 and BMD-3 - all this was inherited by the Russian army from the USSR. The situation is similar with cannon and rocket artillery (MLRS Grad, Uragan, Smerch) and aviation (MiG-29, Su-27, Su-25 and Su-24). This is not to say that this technique is catastrophically outdated; it can be used in local conflicts against not very strong opponents. In addition, the USSR produced so many weapons and military equipment (63 thousand tanks, 86 thousand infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers) that they can be used for many years to come.
However, this technology is already significantly inferior to the latest analogues adopted by the armies of the United States, China and Western Europe.
Around the middle of the last decade, new types of military equipment began to enter service with the Russian army. Today, the process of rearmament is actively underway in the RF Armed Forces. Examples include the T-90 and T-14 Armata tanks, the Kurganets infantry fighting vehicle, the BMD-3 airborne combat vehicle, the BTR-82, the Tornado-G and Tornado-S MLRS, the tactical missile system " Iskander", the latest modifications of the Buk, Tor and Pantsir air defense systems. The aircraft fleet is being actively updated (Su-35, Su-30, Su-34). The Russian fifth-generation fighter PAK FA is being tested.
Currently, significant funds are being invested in the re-equipment of Russian strategic forces. Old missile systems, created back in the USSR, are gradually being taken off duty and replaced with new ones. New missiles are being developed (such as the Sarmat). The fourth generation missile-carrying submarines of the Borei project have been put into service. A new Bulava missile system was developed for them.
The Russian Navy is also being rearmed. According to the state weapons development program (2011-2020), the Russian Navy should include ten new nuclear submarines (both missile and multi-purpose), twenty diesel submarines (Varshavyanka and Lada projects), fourteen frigates ( projects 2230 and 13356) and more than fifty corvettes of different projects.
If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them
- Introduction
- Purpose and composition of the Armed Forces
- Structure of the Russian Armed Forces
- Types and types of troops of the Russian Armed Forces
- Combat readiness of the Russian Armed Forces
6. Conclusion
Life Safety Teacher
Kovalev Alexander Prokofievich
Secondary school No. 2
Mozdok
The Russian Armed Forces are a state military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense.
They are intended to repel aggression against the state, armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of Russia and its allies, and the implementation of peacekeeping activities as independence, both independently and as part of international organizations.
The tasks facing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can be structured according to four main areas:
Containment of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation.
Ensuring the economic and political interests of Russia.
Carrying out peacetime power operations.
The use of military force to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.
Special role
Russian Armed Forces
1. Purpose
(tasks)
2. System
management
President of the Russian Federation – Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Protecting Russia's national interests
3. Status
RF Armed Forces - law enforcement agency
The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world determine the possibility of the implementation of one task escalating into another, since the most problematic military-political situations from the point of view of the security of the Russian Federation are complex and multi-planned in nature.
Today, one of the priority tasks in the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation remains the preservation of the potential of the strategic deterrent forces
The main goal of the Russian Federation’s policy in this area is to prevent any type of forceful pressure and aggression against Russia or its allies, and if it is unleashed, to guarantee the protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and other vital national interests of the state.
This policy of the Russian Federation in the field of strategic deterrence is the core of the country’s entire national security system and is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current Russian legislation.
In accordance with the basic provisions of the Russian military doctrine, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can also be used to counter internal sources of military threats and to provide assistance to the country's population in eliminating the consequences of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.
The leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is exercised by the President of the Russian Federation - the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Management of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, military units and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and special troops that do not belong to the branches and branches of the armed forces.
President of the Russian Federation -
Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces
Minister of Defense
General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces
Ministry
defense
Management,
departments
Management,
departments
Branch of the military
Armed Forces
Armed Forces
Kinds
Armed Forces
Roda SV
Ground troops
Strategic Missile Forces
Air Force
strength
Space
troops
Rhoda Air Force
Navy
Sort of the Navy
Type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform the tasks assigned to them.
The branches of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy).
Type of army- part of the branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by basic weapons, technical equipment, organized structure, nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions in interaction with other branches of the military.
The branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include: Space Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces.
Special troops serve to support types and branches of troops and assist them in carrying out combat missions.
These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, communications troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of others .
Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces.
A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Fleet is the highest operational formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.
Associations- these are military formations, including several formations or formations of a smaller scale, as well as units and institutions, The association includes an army, a flotilla, as well as a military district - a territorial combined arms association and a fleet - a naval association.
Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special branches of troops (services), as well as support and service units (units).
Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them.
Military Unit- an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons) as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments.
Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and ships of the Navy are awarded the Naval Flag.
To institutions The Ministry of Defense includes such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces as military medical institutions, Officers' Houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.
To military educational institutions include military academies, military universities, military institutes and their branches, Suvorov schools, Nakhimov Naval School, Moscow Military Music School and cadet corps.
Part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the joint Armed Forces or be under a unified command in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or collective CIS peacekeeping forces in zones of local military conflicts).
The military organization of the state, the basis of which is the Armed Forces, their composition, condition, number, depend on the degree and nature of existing and future threats, on the state of the country's economy, on the readiness and political will of the state leaders to pursue one or another policy, including elements of sovereignty countries.
Combat readiness Armed Forces This is a multifaceted element of the existence of any army, and cannot concentrate all efforts on the implementation of one element that is not the most important.
This is a costly way to maintain not only the army, but also the existence of the country as a whole, and imitation of this element allows one to incorrectly formulate conclusions from the current situation and the nature of the threats, which can lead to inadequate results for the existence of the country as a whole.
The combat readiness of the Armed Forces implies the state of the entire military organism, allowing it to carry out the transfer of structural elements from a peaceful to a military situation in a timely manner.
Combat readiness should include permanent combat readiness formations, reduced reserve formations, and mobilization personnel formations.
In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations - independently and as part of multinational contingents.
In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, the Russian Armed Forces must ensure the strategic deployment of troops and contain the aggravation of the situation through strategic deterrence forces and constant readiness forces.
The tasks of the Armed Forces in wartime are to repel the enemy’s aerospace attack with available forces.
In peacetime and in emergency situations, the RF Armed Forces, together with other troops, must be ready to repel an attack and defeat the aggressor, to conduct both defensive and offensive active actions in any variant of the outbreak and conduct of wars (armed conflicts).
The RF Armed Forces must be able to successfully solve problems simultaneously in two armed conflicts without additional mobilization measures.
In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations - independently and as part of multinational contingents
Homework
§ 13 p.63-69
