Camel pasture food. Camel thorn name
Camels were created by nature to live in the waterless desert and dry steppes. There is little food in the desert and the camel is content with plants that are inedible for other animals, such as camel thorn. The camel willingly chews its shoots, studded with thorns, which, if stepped on, will easily pierce the sole of the boots.
Camel thorn, jantak, yantak (Alhagi Adans), perennial plant, subshrub of the legume family, forage plant of 7 species. The most common camel thorn is the common camel thorn. Pink or red flowers sit on spines in the axils of the leaves. The height of the subshrub is 40-120 cm with a powerful vertical tap root system that reaches groundwater. It forms thickets in steppes, deserts and semi-deserts and serves as one of the main honey plants in arid areas. Grows in the southeast of the European part of Russia, Kazakhstan, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia. It begins to grow in April, blooms in June, bears fruit in August - September. Used as a pasture plant, as well as for hay and silage.
Chemical composition camel thorn in the flowering phase (in%): water - 63.8, protein - 4.5, fat - 1.1, fiber - 10.8, BEV -16.7, ash - 3.1. 100 kg of green mass contains 23.2 units. and 2.6 kg of digestible protein. In hay harvested before flowering, 33.5 units respectively. and 4 kg. During the growing season, the chemical composition changes little, so camel thorn can be harvested for hay throughout the summer. Can be silaged mixed with cane, corn and other plants. To improve palatability, the hay is chopped. The yield of green mass is on average 25-40 centners, hay - 7-10 centners per hectare. Camels readily eat hay, worse than sheep and large cattle, horses don't eat.
The camel thorn, as a symbol of the barren desert, is at the same time the richest green pharmacy, as Avicenna pointed out. It contains the whole complex biologically active substances. IN folk medicine In the East, camel thorn, collected and dried in the summer, has long been used as a remedy against microbes. Every experienced traveler, going to the Karakum Desert, will not forget to take a flask with a decoction of this plant. Nothing better than this drink will quench your thirst and remove “fatigue toxins.”
I.I. Lakoza notes that well-fed camels with humps filled with fat are physiologically complete animals. Fat accumulated during favorable conditions feeding, is a natural source of energy and can be used during feeding interruptions. The condition of good nutrition of camels is determined by filling the humps with fat. For long journeys, well-lubricated camels are always selected. But hump fat should mainly be an emergency reserve.
Camels are grazing animals and the basis of their diet is pasture vegetation. They are believed to be unpretentious in their choice of food, but in fact this only applies to salt-rich desert plants. Camels raised in the desert, when exposed to abundant pastures, lose weight and eventually die. In part, scientists believe, this is probably due to the great need of these animals for salt. But, despite the significant salt content in ordinary desert plants, camels still obtain additional salt by eating saline clay on takyrs, smooth soils devoid of vegetation.
Unlike other animal species, camels practically do not injure pastures. Goats, for example, pull out grass by the roots, sheep eat it clean, trampling plants and destroying the top layer of soil with their sharp hooves. Camels' flat feet are soft and wide; they graze haphazardly and do not stay in one place for long, biting off part of the plant as they go. Camels spend less time grazing than other animals. For example, horses graze 14-15 hours a day, and camels - 6-7 (in summer time, when grazing of animals is not limited - 7-9 hours).
Most often, camels feed in the morning and evening on various solyankas (cherkez, karakambak, chagan, shora, saxaul, biyurgun), wormwood, and eat legumes (bede, bozganak, zhantak, camel thorn, etc.), cereals (ernek, kiyak, etc.) , herbs of deserts and semi-deserts. The camel diet is extremely varied. It includes, for example, 33 of the 50 main species of desert flora of Kazakhstan. With good pastures, camels do not require any additional feeding.
The camel constantly needs fresh green food, digesting dry food much worse. For example, organic matter freshly cut alfalfa is digested 30% better than dry alfalfa hay. And it can be difficult to bring a camel that has lost hump fat to a state of good fatness on a diet of even high-quality hay.
According to B. Bardin, in the system of measures aimed at strengthening the food supply, important role belongs to the introduction of scientifically based methods of pasture use. Science recommends two systems of pasture rotation: in downed, heavily degraded areas, the “rest” should be longer, the operating cycle should be short, in areas with satisfactory grass stand, where the food supply mainly consists of wormwood, ephemeral forbs and ebelek, more significant loads are permissible. There are many such problems, the solution of which is overdue.
The industry expects a lot from science, in particular from plant breeders, geneticists and biologists. During the winter stall period, animals are fed hay 3 times a day, a total of about 16 kg per head. During periods of intense work, they are additionally fed with concentrates (oats, crushed barley, ground cakes, bran, mill waste), 2-3 kg per day. It is more convenient to feed working camels from sacks with concentrates.
Good hay can be prepared not only from camel thorn, but also from fallow vegetation, as well as reed. The yield of reed hayfields is very high - up to 8-9 tons per hectare. It is prepared before flowering, since later plants they become coarser and become suitable only for bedding. It is good to feed camels alfalfa hay mixed with straw or adobe.
I.I. Lakoza provides data on the energy consumption of a camel in comparison with a horse.
These tables show a clear advantage of a camel over a horse when working on sandy soil. At rest, a camel also spends 38% less energy compared to a horse.
When compiling rations for non-working camels, one should take into account their nutritional status.
For normal milk production, camels are given an increase of 0.7-0.8 units for every 1 liter.
From minerals camels experience an increased need for salt. This need varies significantly depending on its content in plants and drinking water. In any case, salt is not limited to animals. They put it in ground form in special feeders installed on the base or in pasture sites. One adult camel requires approximately 100 g of salt per day.
The need for water also depends on the time of year and the nature of the food eaten. The ability of a camel not to drink for a long time is determined not by the supply of water in the stomachs, as was previously thought, and not by the fact that fat in the humps can be broken down to form water, as was believed quite recently. The peculiarity of these animals is that they are able to lose up to 25% of their weight due to loss of water, but at the same time retain the required amount of water in the blood, preventing it from thickening. An increase in body temperature even to 40° does not cause increased sweating, as in other animals. For example, a camel loses water 3 times slower than a donkey under the same conditions. Camels can drink a lot and quickly. In 10 minutes, the dromedary drinks 130-135 liters (10 buckets) of water. He drinks almost as much Bactrian.
Calculations have shown that for 1 kg of dry food consumed, a camel requires an average of 2.71 liters of water. They need to be watered daily both in summer and winter. Camels usually drink water slowly, with pauses.
After prolonged water fasting, animals should not be given immediately a large number of water. First they drink a little, and then plenty. It is necessary to avoid drinking from stagnant bodies of water, as this can lead to infection with helminthic infestations.
In many countries of the world, methods of keeping camels remain quite primitive. IN old times in the nomadic economy of the republic, premises for camels were not built and animals all year round were under open air. IN winter time To protect animals from piercing winds, natural lulls, dunes, reed thickets and other shelters were used. In addition to such lulls, the nomads of Kazakhstan built the simplest structures - fences, the walls of which were woven from reeds, and equipped bases from brushwood, weeds, and the remains of hay.
Modern methods of keeping camels should include the construction of premises near places with hay reserves and areas suitable for winter grazing. In the southern regions of the republic, it is enough to build pens, closed on four sides, with walls 2 meters high. To protect against precipitation, shed roofs with an outward slope are installed on the walls of a quadrangular courtyard on two or four sides. The height of the roof in its low part should be at least 2.5 m, and in the middle part - 3 m. If there are a large number of camels, the bases must be divided into sections of 25-50 camels. The content is loose. The floor area under the sheds must be sufficient to support all camels during bad weather (minimum 4.5-5 m2 per camel).
The open part of the base should be built at the rate of 8 m2 per head.
In areas with cold and long winters, it is better to build closed sheds surrounded by a yard for camels to roam freely. The walls are built from cheap local material - brushwood or mud brick, the roof - from brushwood or reeds, with the obligatory coating of both the walls and roof with clay. For such closed bases, glazed windows and simple exhaust ventilation pipes are provided. The height of the roof, which also serves as the ceiling, must be at least 3.5-4 m. The calculation of the floor area per 1 animal is 8 m2. The floor in the bases is made of adobe or sand.
Straw, reeds and hay residues are used as bedding. The litter must be dry, because Dampness and drafts are very dangerous for a camel.
Gates for closed bases are made 3 m high and 3 m wide. Except for severe snowstorms and frosts, the gates remain open. Hay feeders are located near the walls of the yard. Their height is 1 m, width at the top is 0.8 m. Feed is distributed using feed dispensers.
To protect against colds, blankets are used for animals when working outdoors. This is especially necessary for weakened and sick animals.
Experts believe that in order to fulfill the tasks set for the industry, it is necessary to radically change the existing system of herd keeping, to apply elements of the cultural herd system, consisting of an improved system of keeping animals through the construction of the necessary production facilities (light premises for queens, producers, butyatniks for young animals, splits for veterinary activities).
Along with this, it is necessary to improve the feeding of all age and sex groups of camels by correct use pastures, in quantities that guarantee feeding of animals in winter.
English: Camel Thorn, Persian Manna Plant
Camel thorn is a prickly subshrub, less often a herbaceous perennial plant up to 1 m in height. Characterized by roots that go deep into the ground, the root system can reach 10 m in length, which helps provide water in desert conditions. The stems are highly branched, bare, grooved, green, covered with spines 1-3 cm long; they are modified axillary shoots. The leaves are oblong, lanceolate, simple, entire with subulate stipules, on petioles, located at the base of the stems and spines. The flowers are red and pink, moth-type, located on spines - pedicels, 3-8 per spine. The calyx is bell-shaped with 5 teeth. The petals of the corolla, like all legumes, are not the same. The flag is obovate, the boat is obtuse, equal in size to the flag, the wings are shorter than the boat. The fruits are four- and five-seeded clearly visible beans with 4-5 seeds. The seeds are kidney-shaped, almost square. Blooms in May-August. There are 5 types of camel thorn in our country.
Camel thorn is common in desert and semi-desert regions of the south-east of the European part of Russia, throughout the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, as well as in Siberia and the Urals. It grows on sands, gray soils, wastelands, along the banks of rivers and canals.
Collection and preparation:
Medicinal raw materials are grass and roots collected during and after flowering of the plant. Camel thorn grass is dried under a canopy, after being crushed. Store in cardboard boxes and bags for 1 year.
The chemical composition of the plant has been little studied. Saponins, essential oil, steroids, flavonoids, organic acids, leukoanthocyanins, coumarins, vitamins C, groups B, K, carotene, glycosides, tannins (up to 18%), traces of alkaloids, phytoncides were found in the grass. The young grass of all five camel thorn species contains large amounts of vitamin C.
Persian camel thorn ( Alhagi persarum
Camel thorn preparations have wound-healing, hemostatic, astringent and choleretic effects. They have a bactericidal effect on streptococci and staphylococci.
Used to prevent dysentery, inflammation of the colon and duodenum and gallbladder, gastritis and gastric ulcer, sometimes prescribed for colds, sore throats and excessive cough. Externally used to treat purulent wounds, pustular skin diseases and eczema, instilled into the ears for purulent otitis. To treat hemorrhoids and rickets in children, they use camel thorn herb baths. Decoction and tincture of the herb are also used in the treatment of cervical erosion.
Root decoction: Brew 20 g of root with 1 cup of boiling water, heat over low heat for 25 minutes, leave for 0.5 hours, strain. Drink 4-5 tbsp. l. 3 times a day 0.5 hours before meals as a diuretic for dropsy. The same decoction, 1 tbsp. l. Take 3 times a day if there is sand in the urine and urinary retention in adults; for sore throat, purulent otitis media (ear inflammation).
Powder infusion: Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tsp. powder, leave for 20 minutes, strain. Use as a cooling agent during feverish heat. Gargle with infusion of powder for pain.
It is used externally to remove abscesses and tumors in the form of compresses, and in the form of baths - for joint pain, rheumatism: 60 g per bucket of water, steam the herb for about an hour, strain and steam the sore spots; in the form of baths, lotions for hemorrhoids, eczema, pustular skin diseases.
Camel thorn is one of the main pasture plants in the desert zone. Serves as food for camels, but is inaccessible to other animals due to thorns. Hay, ground into flour, is a valuable feed.
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Camel thorn - a living treasure of the desert
Camel thorn is a subshrub with a spiny and branched stem. This plant has several more widely famous names- tumbleweed, jantak. Camel thorn has a small height (up to 1 m), but very powerful and long root system. It allows you to survive in the driest places - where other vegetation dies. Roots 3-45 m long, with deep horizontal branches, help tumbleweeds reach groundwater. The stems of the plant have green, grooved, bare spines 1-3 cm long. Its leaves are entire, oblong, lanceolate, simple. The flowers are red or pink, their calyx is bell-shaped with 5 teeth. Camel thorn has fruits in the form of naked beans with almost square, kidney-shaped seeds.
The herb of this plant contains flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and dyes, sugars, saponins, leukoanthocyanins, vitamins B, K, C, steroids, coumarins, carotene, essential oil, traces of alkaloids, resins, ursolic acid.
Most people are familiar with what a camel thorn looks like; photos of it can often be found in images of the desert and steppe; this is one of their symbols. But here's what's pretty useful plant, not everyone knows, especially in temperate latitudes. Medications based on it, they have a softening, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, hemostatic, diuretic and choleretic effect on the human body. In addition, jantak can serve as a basis for the production of bactericidal agents against dysentery bacillus, streptococci and staphylococci.
Healers use camel thorn as a laxative for gastrointestinal diseases, as a diuretic - for dropsy, urine retention and the presence of sand in it, purulent otitis media, sore throat. A decoction of this plant is used to treat cervical erosion, colds, and coughs. It is prepared by steaming 2 tbsp. spoons of crushed root in 250 ml 100-degree hot water followed by 25 minutes of boiling, half an hour of exposure and filtration. Externally, compresses from it are used to remove tumors and abscesses. Camel thorn has also found use in the treatment of rheumatism, eczema, hemorrhoids, and pustular skin ailments. An infusion of plant powder is used for gargling and cooling during feverish heat. Currently, preparations based on tumbleweeds are used only in folk medicine, this is most likely due to the fact that medicinal species There are only five of this plant.
This subshrub can be found half- and completely desert areas in Asia Minor and Central Asia, the North Caucasus, the European part of the Russian Federation, the Urals and Siberia. It grows on gray soils, sands, wastelands, along the banks of canals and rivers. Tumbleweed can be cultivated; it is propagated by seeds or cuttings, planted in sunny, sheltered from the wind, very hot places, with well-drained sandy and dry soil.
Storage and procurement
The roots, fruits and herbs of this plant are used for medicinal purposes. They are harvested during or immediately after flowering. In addition, plant secretions are used - a brownish-yellow sweet liquid - “manna”. It is collected in the morning after it hardens at night. The grass is crushed and dried in a thin layer under a canopy.
Camel-thorn
Alhagi) is a genus of plants in the legume family that grows in deserts. The root system that goes 20 meters deep helps camel thorn grow in the desert. Camel thorn is one of the main pasture plants in the desert zone. Persian camel thorn ( Alhagi persarum) is rich in sugars, which are warm weather stand out on its stems, solidifying in clumps (manna).
Description[edit]
Habitats[edit]
Chemical composition[edit]
Application [edit]
“Manna” is used as a diuretic and antipyretic, as well as for dry cough.
Camel thorn
Family - Legumes (Fabaceae)
Parts used - C therapeutic purpose Roots, grass (stems, leaves, flowers), flowers, and rarely fruits are used.
The popular name is Jantak, Yantak.
Botanical description
A perennial thorny subshrub, up to 1 m high, with a powerful root system extending almost 20 m deep into the soil. The stems are branched, woody below, the branches are bare (sparsely sparsely hairy, grooved, green, thinner than the main stem, extending upward from the stem at an angle. In the axils of the leaves there are spines (underdeveloped branches), the lower ones are short, up to 1.2 cm long, the rest are long up to 2-3 cm. The leaves are whole, oblong or oval, 3-4 cm long, grow only when the plant blooms, and fall off when fruits appear.
Flowers of a moth-like structure are located on the spine in groups of 3-8 pieces, the color is red or pink, blooms from May to October. The fruit is a single-leaf bean, hard, glabrous, straight or curved, with 4-5 seeds (reniform and square). Ripens from July.
Camel thorn grows in Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, the south of European Russia and Western Siberia, in Kazakhstan and the Caucasus.
Camel thorn is an unpretentious plant; it grows in semi-deserts and deserts, in dry steppes, in wastelands, and can also be found along river banks.
Collection and preparation
The above-ground part is collected during the flowering of camel thorn; the roots are collected in early summer until mid-autumn. The raw materials are finely chopped, spread in a thin layer and dried in the shade. Store finished raw materials for no more than a year; after this period, the healing properties disappear.
Active ingredients
Camel thorn contains tannins, vitamins C, K and group B, essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids. As well as resins, dyes, saponins, sugars, rubber, coumarins.
Healing effect and application
It has choleretic and laxative, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, diaphoretic and diuretic, bactericidal and astringent, hemostatic and wound-healing properties.
Camel thorn is a good honey plant; honey from this plant has great healing properties. Since ancient times, traditional medicine has used decoctions and infusions to treat gastrointestinal diseases, diseases of the kidneys, liver, gall bladder and skin. And also for otitis, hemorrhoids, cough and sore throat, cervical erosion. For rickets, rheumatism and joint pain, you need to take baths with a decoction. In the form of compresses they are used for tumors, abscesses and wounds. Camel thorn is an important food for camels. Camel thorn contains a large amount of sugars, which are released in warm weather on the stems of the plant in the form of manna (lumps). These lumps are widely used in Afghanistan and Iran as food and medicine.
Decoctions
Chop the plant and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water into 3 tablespoons, boil over low heat for 5 minutes. Let it brew for one hour, strain. Boil everything for up to 5 minutes, leave for one hour. Use for cholecystitis, dysentery, stomach ulcers, hepatitis.
Pour 2 tablespoons of chopped camel thorn grass into 200 ml of water and boil over low heat for 20 minutes. Cool, strain and take 4 times a day, 0.5 liters. Chronic diarrhea, dysentery, problems with urination.
Grind the roots of the plant, pour 2 teaspoons of raw material into 200 ml of water, bring to a boil and simmer over low heat for 8-10 minutes. Let it brew for 2 hours, strain and drink in the morning one minute before meals. Laxative.
Contraindications
Individual intolerance, stones in the gall bladder and bladder.
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Camel thorn: its medicinal properties and uses
Once upon a time there lived in the desert a humble camel grass, says one fairy tale. Not only camels, but also other animals loved her, and when the poor plant became completely unbearable from such attention, the desert neighbors advised it to turn... into a thorn. Having buried themselves once or twice in sharp thorns, the animals left to look for other food. And only the hungry camel continued to chew his favorite treat as if nothing had happened...
Fairy tales are fairy tales, but centuries have passed, and the camel thorn has already become an indispensable assistant for people: medicinal properties and its culinary merits are simply worth their weight in gold. A tonic tea, aromatic honey, a healing decoction and an unusual dessert - all this is one small but very useful thorn.
Desert symbol
The camel thorn (and also jantak, or yantak) is considered a real symbol of the desert. It looks inaccessible, dry, barren, but inside there is a real pharmacy, a pastry shop and a tea shop.
Even if you have never seen a camel thorn in person, its photo will probably seem familiar. Very often, images of the world's deserts show not only luxurious dunes with long caravans, but also a modest thorn. The ship of the desert is the camel, the main plant is camel thorn. Why not a sweet couple?
Since ancient times, camel thorn has been stored for livestock feed - like ordinary hay. But only camels can really chew a “live” thorn. It's all about a special organism - the digestive tract of desert ships perfectly digests thorns and needles. And the oral mucosa is designed in such a way that animals do not feel pain at all from yantak.
What does it look like?
Jantak are low, lush shrubs, very thorny and very beautiful. The graceful silver-green leaves are quite fleshy and juicy, and their tiny size allows them to actively store moisture and hardly evaporate it.
The charming pink-red inflorescences of Yantaka subtly resemble our meadow mouse peas (how could it be otherwise, they are the same family - legumes).
The thorn always has enough water for its flowers and leaves. Thanks to its powerful root system, it is capable of drawing moisture from underground ground sources, even to depths of meters. And this is not a record yet - during the construction of the Suez Canal, “camel” roots 33 meters long were dug out of the ground!
Where does it grow?
Due to its incredible hardiness, the jantak became a nightmare for gardeners and farmers in the New World. IN American vegetable gardens This kind of weed behaves worse than our woodlice and snot. This begs the question: if camel thorn is so ubiquitous, where does this miracle grow? Is it really not only in deserts?
Heat, dry air and potential groundwater - this is what a yantak needs for complete happiness (well, a camel nearby would not hurt). Her native home- these are the expanses of North Africa, Iraq and Iran, Afghanistan, the Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts, sunny steppes and foothills of the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Central Asia, the Urals and Western Siberia.
Since ancient times, residents of Iran and neighboring countries cannot get enough of the healing Persian variety of yantak: camel thorn tea was taken with them on hikes by ancient nomads. Like an excellent energy drink and a powerful antibiotic medicine: what if they get poisoned by something on the road? And in Kazakhstan they cherish the Kyrgyz thorn like the apple of their eye. It is included in the register of medicines of the republic, and honey from it is traditionally brought from Asia as a rare souvenir.
In official medicine
We figured out what camel thorn looks like and where it lives. Why is it so useful? Kazakh scientists did not just seek official recognition of jantak - this was preceded by years of persistent research.
The main wealth of the thorn is its antibacterial properties. Juicy desert grass successfully fights staphylococci and streptococci, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and is an excellent hepatoprotector and antioxidant.
Thanks to a powerful vitamin complex (A, K, C and P), jantak-based products can be used to strengthen capillaries. In their action they are not inferior to the classic routine.
In official oriental medicine and pharmacology, the biological complex alchidine is actively used, the source of which is precisely it, camel thorn. Treatment based on alchidine will be offered by many pharmacies in Central Asia. These are “Zhaltak” syrup for the treatment of poisoning, “Alchidine” effervescent tablets for liver health, alchidine ointment against skin diseases and other drugs.
In folk medicine
What about “grandmother’s recipes”? How are camel thorn used in them? The use of yantak in folk medicine is also largely based on its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Any infections (both viral and bacterial), inflammatory processes, skin diseases and even hemorrhoids retreat under powerful action desert vitamins and flavonoids.
Unofficial medicine uses camel thorn herb to treat:
- gastrointestinal disorders (including dysentery);
- purulent otitis;
- any colds;
- ordinary and purulent sore throat;
- diseases of the oral cavity;
- wet cough (as an expectorant);
- bloody hemorrhoids;
- edema (as a diuretic);
- gastritis and gastrointestinal ulcers;
- eczema and purulent wounds;
- burns and cuts;
- rheumatism and arthritis, joint pain.
Contraindications
The unusual composition and strong medicinal properties at one time made jantak the object of close attention of world chemists and biologists. After a thorough study of all the “prickly” alkaloids, the researchers decided to include camel grass in the group of non-toxic drugs of class IV toxicity. That is, they are not dangerous to human health.
Because of this, many online directories still write that Yantak has no contraindications, everyone can be treated without restrictions. But this is not true at all.
Even if the plant is absolutely harmless, it will always have one contraindication - individual intolerance to the components of the medicinal herb. Camel thorn, in addition to the notorious intolerance, has other prohibitions on treatment:
- sweating disorders (hidrosis);
- inflammation of the urinary system;
- kidney and gallstones;
- strong tendency to constipation.
Desert Manna
Not only ancient eastern nomads and modern Kazakh doctors knew about the healing properties of camel thorn. The discoverer of a good half of medicinal herbs (including garden mint and dill), Avicenna, on his Persian soil, simply could not ignore yantak. But he wrote not only about him, but also about the mysterious yantik manna. What is it?
Desert thorn contains not only vitamins and antioxidants, but also many sugars. As the sugars evaporate, they appear on the leaves as a yellowish-white powder, rolling into small lumps. They are collected in a very original way: they spread a large piece of cloth on the ground and hit the bushes with a stick. The lumps fall onto the mat - and the healing dessert is ready!
The official name of camel manna is taranjubin. In ancient times, it was not just a delicacy, but a universal medicine. Taranjubin perfectly quenched thirst, relieved cough, constipation, and even helped reduce sugar in diabetes.
And also folk recipes This sweet gift of the desert is recommended for the treatment of... impotence. Young people are advised to dissolve manna in fresh milk, and older people are advised to mix it with gulob (extract from Damask rose), adding beaver stream or ginseng.
Use of camel thorn
The main recipes with camel thorn are decoctions, infusions, baths and that famous tonic tea. It’s very simple to prepare: just buy camel grass in a pharmacy or online store, brew it like regular black tea, and drink it calmly.
In other recipes, camel thorn is prepared differently - its use depends on what disease you are going to treat.
Decoction for colds and sore throats
Pour 3 large spoons of desert grass into a glass of boiling water and place on the stove. We wait 4 minutes after it boils and leave until it cools down to room temperature. Then we filter and drink half a glass three times a day. And for a sore throat, we gargle.
Infusion for skin diseases and hemorrhoids
Pour boiling water over 4 tablespoons of dry thorns and leaves (2 cups). Leave for strictly 2 hours, then strain, squeeze and pour into the bath. The duration of the treatment procedure is 30 minutes, you need to take a bath every other day for a week.
Properties of camel thorn honey
Camel thorn honey is the real pride of beekeepers from Asia Minor and Central Asia. Yantak is a rare plant; honey is collected only in a few areas (Kyrgyzstan and neighboring republics), so this desert dessert is quite expensive.
Already by appearance Jantaka honey can be understood in all its unusualness. The color ranges from ash-white to rich cream, there is practically no smell, and the taste is delicate, subtle and very soft. This honey crystallizes very quickly, acquiring an interesting granular consistency.
Still an amazing combination: honey, camel thorn... The beneficial properties of this dessert combine the healing qualities of all types of honey: antibacterial effect, the ability to remove toxins and waste, treat a sore stomach and intestines, benefits for sore joints.
Jantaka honey is also a real natural antidepressant and energy booster. A cup of tea with this oriental honey will instantly fill you with energy, relieve fatigue and lift your spirits. Especially if you are a real gourmet sweet tooth.
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Camel-thorn
Camel thorn, jantak, yantak (lat. Alhagi) is a genus of plants in the legume family that grows in deserts. The root system that goes 3-4 meters deep helps camel thorn grow in the desert. Camel thorn is one of the main pasture plants in the desert zone. Persian camel thorn ( Alhagi persarum) is rich in sugars, which in warm weather are released on its stems, solidifying in lumps (manna).
Description
Prickly shrubs with a deeply penetrating root system. Plants are 30-100 cm tall.
The root is long, with deep horizontal branches.
The stems are branched, woody in the lower part.
The spines in the axils of the leaves are directed upward at an acute angle, 2-3 cm long. The leaves are simple, alternate, oblong, obtuse, 1-2 cm long.
Flowers 3-8 on a spine, typical moth-like structure, red or pink. Blooms from May to late autumn, the fruits begin to ripen in July.
Habitats
It grows in dry steppes, clayey and gravelly semi-deserts and deserts, along the banks of rivers and canals, in wastelands and fallow lands.
Chemical composition
Application
In medicine, the aerial part (grass) of camel thorn is used, less often the fruits and roots. The grass is dried under a canopy, having previously been crushed.
In folk medicine, an infusion or decoction of the plant's herbs is used as a diuretic and diaphoretic. Sometimes they are drunk to alleviate coughs during colds. More often infusions, decoctions or Fresh Juice drink for gastrointestinal diseases, mainly for chronic diarrhea and dysentery. Extracts from the aerial part of camel thorn have an antimicrobial effect, and they have a pronounced bactericidal effect on streptococci, staphylococci, and dysentery bacillus. Decoctions are successfully used as gargles for acute sore throats. Sometimes a decoction of camel thorn in folk medicine is used to treat hemorrhoids (baths, rinsing), for external treatment of eczema, pustules, festering wounds and ulcers (washing, compresses).
In clinical settings, the decoction is used to treat patients with colitis, dysentery, is used for stomach ulcers and gastritis, liver diseases, as a choleretic, astringent, and is sometimes prescribed for colds and excessive coughing.
“Manna” is used as a diuretic and antipyretic, as well as for dry cough.
Links
- Camel-thorn- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Camel-thorn: information on the website GRIN(English) Retrieved February 11, 2009.
- Camel-thorn: information on the website “Encyclopedia of Life” ( EOL) (English) Retrieved February 11, 2009.
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See what “Camel thorn” is in other dictionaries:
camel thorn - Camel thorn: 1 - upper part of the plant; 2 - root; 3 - flower. camel thorn (Alhagi), a genus of subshrubs or perennials herbaceous plants legume family, forage plant. 7 species, in deserts and semi-deserts... ... Agriculture. Large encyclopedic dictionary
CAMEL TURBO - CAMELT TONE, a genus of subshrubs and perennial herbs (legume family). 7 species, mainly in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and North Africa, including 5 species in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Kazakhstan. It has a powerful root system ... Modern encyclopedia
CAMEL TURBO is a genus of subshrubs and perennial herbs of the legume family. 7 species, mainly in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and Northern. Africa; 5 of them grow in the lower reaches of the Volga and Don, in Sr. Asia, West Siberia, the Caucasus. Eaten by camels. In crops... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
CAMEL TONE - (Alhagi), a genus of plants of the family. legumes Branching subshrubs or perennial herbs. The flowers are red or pink, in the axils of the leaves on prickly branches. 7 species, in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and Northern. Africa, in the USSR 5 species. V. k. ordinary... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
camel thorn - noun, number of synonyms: 3 hemixerophyte (4) xerophyte (14) plant (4422) ... Dictionary of synonyms
Camel thorn - CAMEL Thorn, a genus of subshrubs and perennial herbs (legume family). 7 species, mainly in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and North Africa, including 5 species in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Kazakhstan. It has a powerful root system ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Camel thorn is a genus of plants in the legume family. Low, highly branched subshrubs or perennial herbs. Red or pink flowers sit on spines in the axils of the leaves. 7 species, mainly in deserts and semi-deserts... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
CAMEL Thorn - jantak, zhantak, yantak, semi-shrub family. legumes, tall, with branched stems covered with thorns. Widely distributed in semi-desert and desert regions of Kazakhstan, Wed. Asia, Stalingrad region, etc. on sandy, clayey and even... ... Agricultural dictionary-reference book
camel thorn is a genus of subshrubs and perennial herbs of the legume family. 7 species, mainly in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and North Africa; 5 of them grow in the lower reaches of the Volga and Don, in Central Asia, Western Siberia, and the Caucasus. Eaten by camels.... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
CAMEL TONE - (Alhagi), a genus of subshrubs or perennial herbaceous plants. legumes, fodder. 7 species, in deserts and semi-deserts of Eurasia and Northern. Camel thorn: 1 upper part of the plant; 2 root; 3 flower. Africa; in the USSR there are 5 species, in Wed. Asia and... ... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Blue stars Europe, green stars of Asia, Lyudmila Basova. The first part of the novel, “Blue Stars of Europe, Green Stars of Asia,” tells about the destinies of people of several generations. Those who fled from Stalin's repressions who were exiled - fists,... Read more Buy e-book for 164 rubles
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They are associated with sand dunes, monitor lizards, snakes, scorpions, phalanxes and, of course, camels. The camel, a proven means of transportation in deserts, feeds on camel thorn. This is the main pasture plant of deserts, semi-deserts and arid steppes.
The camel, this powerful and capricious animal, surprises with its ability to obtain small leaves of a plant with its tongue, deftly avoiding large strong thorns, and at the same time eat to its full and also store fat in reserve in its humps. And all thanks to these seemingly inconspicuous, half-naked shrubs.
surprises with its ability to exist in desert climates on crushed stone or sandy soil not covered with soil. It is especially surprising where the plant gets its water from. At the same time, it still manages to bloom magnificently and produce fruits in the form of pods. It turns out that the roots of a camel thorn can penetrate deep into the ground (more than three meters) and feed an unpretentious plant. And the camel thorn spends this water, obtained with such difficulty, not only on the formation of a bush 1 m high, covered with small leaves and large spines, but and for cheerful flowering under the scorching sun from May to September.Its flowers, like moths, “sit” right on the thorns - 3-5-8 pinkish-scarlet flowers at a time, similar in shape to pea or bean flowers. And this is understandable: camel thorn is a relative of all legumes, it is from their family. By autumn, the plant produces a harvest of seeds from the pods. The thorn can also treat you with sweet “manna” - the sugary juice released from the leaves solidifies into grains similar to semolina. From one bush, if desired, you can collect up to 2-4 g of such treats.
Chemical analyzes have shown that camel thorn, which is used in folk medicine, contains such useful material, such as saponins, carotene, flavonoids, sugars, vitamins C, K and group B, coloring and tannins, essential oils, alkaloids in small quantities.
Medicinal honey made from camel thorn flowers is tasty and aromatic. The thorn, a photo of which is posted in the article, is also good not only for bees. People have also found use for the plant: leaves with a thorny stem, flowers, fruits, and even a woody stem along with the root are used to treat many diseases. An infusion and decoction of crushed thorn stems and leaves is used as a bile- and diuretic. The substances contained in the decoction of the plant are destructive to such dangerous microbes and bacteria as streptococci and staphylococci, and disenteric bacillus. Antiseptic properties are used in the treatment of skin pustular lesions, eczema, festering wounds and ulcers in the form of washes and compresses. They gargle with this decoction for sore throats, and rinse the mouth for stomatitis. Baths and rinses for hemorrhoids can be healing. Decoctions of camel thorn help with colitis, gastric ulcers, various diseases liver, for dysentery. “Manna” is given for uncontrollable dry coughs and as an antipyretic and diaphoretic in cases of colds. Manna is given to children as a mild laxative.
Here, in brief, is everything about this modest, but such a generous desert plant - the camel thorn.
Everyone knows that camels eat camel thorns. Few people know what a camel eats besides this grass. From this article you can find out what camels eat, what nutrients vital for them, as well as what camel thorn looks like.
Features of digestion
The ability to digest dry thorny plants developed in camels due to the peculiarities digestive tract. The animal's stomach consists of three sections:
- A scar containing papillae.
- A mesh containing cellular folds.
- The abomasum is equipped with a mucous membrane.
The walls of the first two sections are covered with keratinizing epithelium. First, the food enters the rumen, where it is crushed. From the rumen, the ground mixture is regurgitated into the oral cavity, chewed again and returned to the rumen. This cycle occurs several times, after which the food goes into the net.
The continuous chewing process allows the camel to go without food for a month. Digestion of food occurs in the abomasum.
Eating in the natural environment
The basis of the animal’s diet is desert and steppe plants containing little moisture. Most often it is young or dry grass depending on the season. There are more than 50 species of plants, shrubs and trees that are included in the menu of these animals.
The most common food of the family:
- Camel-thorn;
- Sagebrush;
- Sand acacia;
- Solyanki;
- Saxaul;
- Barnyard;
- Parnofolia.
Having stumbled upon an oasis, the animal can feast on succulent shoots of reeds, leaves and branches of bushes or trees.
Camels can survive without food for about 30 days. IN extreme situations They can feed on leather goods, paper and sweaty clothing from people, as well as the skeletons and skins of dead animals.
Feeding in captivity
- take into account what a camel eats in the wild;
- do not overfeed the animal, for whose health gluttony is worse than starvation;
- give sufficient quantity salty food, without which a camel can die.
The diet of a “domestic” camel can include:
- grass;
- hay;
- vegetables;
- branches;
- oats;
- grains and legumes;
- crackers and flour.
Camels also eat soups and buckwheat.
During the grazing period (245-290 days), camels’ feed needs are satisfied through pastures at the rate of 24-27 kg of grass per day per head, including:
- stud camels - 21 - 25 kg;
- camels - 30 - 33 kg;
- replacement young animals - 20 kg;
- camel calves under 1 year of age 1.0 - 2.0 kg;
- camel calves aged from 1 year to 1.5 years - 10 kg.
For camel calves from 6 months of age until weaning, provide additional feeding at the rate of 1-2 feed units per head per day.
Need for water and salt
- IN warm time During the year, the animal's daily need for water is 45 liters, and in cold weather - 25 liters. During lactation, the female requires at least 120 liters per day.
- An animal can survive without water for two weeks, but once it has access to a watering hole, a camel will drink a lot of water - up to 100 liters.
- Camels need a constant source of salt.
Desert plants can provide food for animals required quantity necessary elements. An animal can also obtain the mineral from salt water or clay. When kept in captivity, breeders need to prepare salt bars for their pets.