In which countries do people die of hunger? Global problems of humanity
He commanded the 316th Guards Rifle Division, which fought heroically in the Battle of Moscow. It is symbolic that January 3, 1903 is the birthday of Alexander Alfredovich Bek (1903-1972), a Russian writer, author of the novel “Volokolamsk Highway,” which describes the feat of Panfilov’s life and death. Here short quote from the novel: “Mass heroism is not a force of nature. Our quiet, unprepossessing general prepared us for this day, for this struggle, he foresaw, anticipated its character, steadily, patiently sought to understand the task, “rubbed in his fingers” with his plan. Let me remind you once again that our old charter did not know such words as “node of resistance” or “strong point”. The war dictated them to us. Panfilov's ear heard this dictation. He was one of the first in the Red Army to penetrate the unprecedented secret record of an unprecedented war.
A small group isolated from everyone is also a knot, a strong point of struggle. Panfilov took advantage of every opportunity, almost every minute of communication with commanders and soldiers, to explain and instill in us this truth. He was very popular in the division. In different, sometimes inexplicable ways, his words and sayings, his jokes, thrown as if by chance, reached many people and were transmitted from one to another via a soldier’s wireless telephone. And once the fighters have accepted it and internalized it, this is already better management.”
In addition to Alexander Bek, both writers and military leaders wrote a lot about Panfilov. Therefore, it seems interesting to me to recreate his so-called “unofficial” image. Helped me with this youngest daughter the illustrious general Maya Ivanovna, who lives in Moscow on Heroev-Panfilov Street. Together with her, we contacted by telephone Valentina Ivanovna Panfilova, the eldest daughter of the hero, living in Alma-Ata, and Sergei Ivanovich Usanov, the former commissar of the artillery division of the Panfilov division.
The eldest daughter's story
My father met my mother Maria Ivanovna Panfilova (Kolomiets) in 1921,” Valentina Ivanovna began, “in the Ukrainian town of Ovidiopol. A Red Army detachment under his command was redeployed there from the fronts of the civil war. The 28-year-old walked around looking for places to stay for his subordinates. In one of them I met the local beauty Maria. A few weeks later, a wedding took place right at the detachment’s headquarters. From that day until the Great Patriotic War, the parents were not separated, no matter where Ivan Vasilyevich’s service took him.
He was already an experienced commander then. In the imperialist army he rose to the rank of sergeant major. In the civilian division, V.I. Chapaev was the commander of a mounted reconnaissance detachment. By the way, an interesting coincidence. When in 1941, near Moscow, Ivan Vasilyevich commanded the 316th Infantry Division, he served as commander under him artillery battalion son of Chapaev.
Pre-war track record the father can be represented by the places where his children were born. I was born in Kyiv, where he studied at the school of red commanders. Evgeniy in Osh, where his father began the fight against the Basmachi. Vladilen is in Kyzil-Kiya, Galina is not far from Ashgabat, Maya is in Chardzhou. My mother followed my father everywhere with us, saying: “Where there is a needle, there is a thread.” And she was never a burden. She cooked food for the soldiers and washed them. I remember well how we wandered from place to place. Smaller children were loaded into baskets, which were tied with ropes and hung on the backs of camels.
For the first time, my mother separated from my father in 1941. And that was only because she worked at that time as the chairman of the district executive committee and party discipline did not allow her to run away to his front. But she was always there in spirit. She often wrote letters. Yes, what kind! Real Russian women, no matter how much they love their husbands, in a time of severe danger for the Fatherland, will never wish them to bury themselves, to sit out, but rather bless them for risk and even death, if it is inevitable. That's how mom was.
From a letter from M.I. Panfilova to her husband:
“Vanya, I somehow didn’t want to talk about this, and I believe and hope: we will wait for the day of joyful victory, then we will live again cheerfully and happily, as we lived, and we will rejoice at our children, and that you and I have not lived in vain in the world. Vanya, if you still have to die for our Motherland, then die in such a way that you can sing songs and write poems about the glorious hero. Vanya, I don’t think about it, but still this is war and a cruel war, we need to be prepared for everything, and these are my true wishes as a husband and friend ... "
“I went to the front with my father,” Valentina Ivanovna continued. - He didn’t resist for long. Mom too. I was already 18! Only one was an agreement not to show it to anyone family connection. We didn't show it. Thanks to this, I learned a lot about dad, as if from the outside. She served in the medical battalion, and the wounded did not hesitate to discuss their division commander. It was felt, loved, called “father”.
Panfilov’s authority in the units and the fighters’ love for him began to emerge in Kazakhstan, where the 316th was formed,” Sergei Ivanovich Usanov told me. - You can’t tell about all the nuances. There are seemingly little things, but they are worth a lot. The division, for example, brought together representatives of 33 nationalities of the USSR. So Ivan Vasilyevich, despite his workload, studied some languages, emphasizing: “My subordinate and I must be able to exchange at least two words in his dialect.”
Panfilov managed to put together our division of multilingual and semi-literate people in a few months. It is very important that he knew what the soldiers needed to teach first: to go one on one with a tank and knock it out. Panfilov organized groups of tank destroyers in his units. He gave them a fighting technique. He ensured that every fighter mastered it. And when we talk about the heroism of a handful of Panfilov’s men who stopped a large fascist tank formation at the Dubosekovo crossing and destroyed 50 combat vehicles, then we see glimpses of Panfilov’s feat. And when we remember that the 316th Division destroyed 30 thousand fascist soldiers and officers and more than 150 tanks in less than a month of fighting, then Panfilov’s feat emerges in its entirety. If every division commander had achieved such a result then, then already in November 1941 Hitler would have nothing to fight with!
From a letter from I.V. Panfilov to his wife:
“We will not surrender Moscow to the enemy. We destroy the reptile by the thousands and the tanks by the hundreds. The division is fighting well. Murochka, work tirelessly to strengthen the rear. I valiantly carry out your order and my word... The division will be a guards division! I kiss you, my friend and loving wife.”
How the division commander died
In November 1941, in the village of Gusenovo near Volokolamsk, the headquarters of the commander of the 316th (8th Guards) Rifle Division, commanded by General Panfilov, was located. Here the general died on November 18, 1941 from a German mine fragment.
From the memories of a marshal armored forces M.E. Katukova:
“On the morning of November 18, two dozen tanks and chains of motorized infantry again began to surround the village of Gusenevo. Here at that time Panfilov’s command post was located - a hastily dugout next to the peasant hut. The Germans fired at the village with mortars, but the fire was indirect and they did not pay attention to it.
Panfilov received a group of Moscow correspondents. When he was informed about the enemy tank attack, he hurried from the dugout to the street. He was followed by other division headquarters workers. Before Panfilov had time to climb the last step of the dugout, a mine crashed nearby. General Panfilov began to slowly sink to the ground. They picked him up. So, without regaining consciousness, he died in the arms of his comrades. They examined the wound: it turned out that a tiny fragment had pierced his temple.”
Panfilov was not a dugout commander,” Usanov continued. - He spent most of his time in regiments and even in battalions, moreover, in those that at that moment were experiencing the most fierce pressure from the enemy. This is not ostentatious reckless courage, but an understanding of the combat expediency of such behavior. On the one hand, the division commander’s personal command experience greatly helped to correct the situation in difficult areas, on the other, his appearance at a critical moment in the battle greatly raised the spirit of soldiers and officers.
On November 18, 1941, recalled Valentina Ivanovna, a group of seriously wounded people was brought to the first aid station. One of them was conscious. He ground his teeth and groaned. I tried to calm him down: just be patient, they will do the operation now.
- Eh, sister, can you understand my pain? After all, I don’t feel sorry for an arm or a leg. The heart bleeds. Our father was killed...
- He, warm-hearted, like many, did not know that “father” was my folder. Later I found out that he died during another fascist attack. He jumped out of the command post and ran to the division's OP. A small fragment of a mine pierced straight into my temple.
“On the eve of death,” Usanov continued the story, “we were fulfilled cherished desires Ivan Vasilievich. I remember how newspapers were brought to the command post with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the division with the Order of the Red Banner and transforming it into the 8th Guards. Tears of joy appeared in Panfilov’s eyes. He wiped them and said, “I’m not ashamed. Big deal. This party shook hands with all of us, both living and dead. Go and tell people so.”
And after Panfilov’s death, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Here are the lines from the performance: “In the fight against the German invaders on the approaches to Moscow, the division fought fierce battles with enemy forces four times superior. For a month, units of the division not only held their positions, but also, with swift counterattacks, defeated the 2nd Tank, 29th Motorized, 11th and 110th Infantry Divisions.”
Few managed to achieve such performance even in the victorious year of 1945. That is why, on the personal instructions of Stalin, the body of the Guard, Major General I.V. Panfilov was taken to Moscow, to the Central House of the Soviet Army for a solemn funeral service. The hero's ashes are buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in a common grave with the ashes of a fighting friend of the glorious cavalryman L. Dovator and the ace of the Moscow sky V. Talalikhin.
From a poem about the father of his youngest daughter:
He left us all the valuables
that you can't buy on the counter.
And you can’t get it in the store rush.
They certainly don’t give them as gifts.
He left us CONSCIENCE, HONOR and WORK.
Nuclear attack on the USSR
On January 1, 1957, according to the Dropshot plan adopted in the United States in 1949, D-Day was supposed to occur - a nuclear attack on the USSR.
According to the plans of overseas strategists, the United States should have achieved an overwhelming quantitative advantage of 10:1 by this time. atomic weapons and some advance in conventional weapons. 300 were to be dropped on the USSR atomic bombs and 29 thousand tons of ordinary ones.
The 1949 plan prophetically stated:“On January 1, 1957, the United States will be involved in a war against the USSR due to an act of aggression by the USSR and its satellites.”
These hopes were not destined to come true, since the forces of Soviet scientists and engineers created atomic and rocket weapon, ensuring the infliction of irreversible damage to a potential aggressor.
Memory of Ilya Muromets
On January 1, 1188, Ilya Muromets, a Russian hero who became an epic hero in folk memory, died.
Ilya Muromets, Pechersky, nicknamed Chobotok, was the son of Ivan Timofeevich Chobotov from the Murom village of Karacharovo, Vladimir region. He was born on September 5, 1143. Due to the weakness of his legs that struck him from childhood, Ilya lived motionlessly for 30 years in humility, love and prayers to God. Legends have brought to us the miracle of healing of the future defender of the Russian land. Miraculous spiritual and physical strength After healing, Ilya Muromets used it only to fight the enemies of the Fatherland and restore justice. It is known that Ilya Muromets had no defeats, but he never exalted himself and released his defeated enemies in peace. Having received an incurable wound in the chest in one of the battles, he, obeying the call of his heart, left the world, took monastic vows at the Kiev Pechersk Lavra and shut himself up. Ilya Muromets departed to the Kingdom of Heaven in the 45th year of his life on January 1, 1188. He was canonized in 1643, and his imperishable relics rest in the Anthony Caves of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Studies of the relics of Ilya Muromets, carried out in the 70s of the last century, established that his height was 177 cm (very tall for the 12th century), and his build was heroic. Wounds and injuries received in battles were found on the incorrupt body. The wound in the heart area, according to experts, was the main cause of his death.
Memorial Day is celebrated on January 1st. Is a patron Missile Forces strategic purpose and the Russian Border Guard Service.
Today
March 9
Saturday
2019
On this day:
The fate of Kobzar
On March 9, 1814, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, an outstanding Little Russian poet and artist (d. 1861), was born. Literary heritage Shevchenko, in which poetry plays a central role, in particular the collection “Kobzar”, is considered the basis of modern Little Russian literature and, in many respects, the literary Ukrainian language.
The fate of Kobzar
On March 9, 1814, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, an outstanding Little Russian poet and artist (d. 1861), was born. Shevchenko’s literary heritage, in which poetry plays a central role, in particular the collection “Kobzar”, is considered the basis of modern Little Russian literature and, in many respects, the literary Ukrainian language.
Most of Shevchenko’s prose (stories, diary, many letters), as well as some poems, are written in Russian, and therefore some researchers classify Shevchenko’s work as Russian literature. Besides he most of spent his life in Russia.
It must be said that Taras Shevchenko was a serf peasant of the landowner Engelhardt. Since childhood, he showed a penchant for painting. He was accidentally noticed by the Ukrainian artist I. Soshenko, who introduced Taras to the Russian artists A. Venetsianov and K. Bryullov, and the poet V. Zhukovsky. They subsequently bought Shevchenko from the landowner for a very large sum. In addition to painting, Taras Grigorievich became interested in poetry and published the collection “Kobzar”. After the publication of this collection, Taras Shevchenko himself began to be called a kobzar. Even Taras Shevchenko himself, after some of his stories, began to sign “Kobzar Darmograi”.
He died in St. Petersburg on February 26 (March 10), 1861 from dropsy, caused, according to historian N.I. Kostomarov, by “immoderate consumption of drinks.”
He was buried first at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery in St. Petersburg, and after 58 days the coffin with the ashes of T. G. Shevchenko, in accordance with his will, was transported to Ukraine and buried on Chernechya Mountain near Kanev.
Yuri Gagarin was born
On March 9, 1934, Yuri Alekseevich GAGARIN, the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Hero of the Soviet Union, was born. He spent his childhood in Gzhatsk (now Gagarin). On October 27, 1955, Gagarin was drafted into Soviet army and sent to Chkalov (now Orenburg), in the 1st military aviation school pilots named after K. E. Voroshilov.
Yuri Gagarin was born
On March 9, 1934, Yuri Alekseevich GAGARIN, the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Hero of the Soviet Union, was born. He spent his childhood in Gzhatsk (now Gagarin). On October 27, 1955, Gagarin was drafted into the Soviet army and sent to Chkalov (now Orenburg), to the 1st Military Aviation School named after K. E. Voroshilov.
After graduation, he served for two years near Severomorsk in the 169th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 122nd Fighter aviation division Northern Fleet, flew on MiG-15bis aircraft. By October 1959, he had flown a total of 265 hours.
On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote a report asking to be included in the group of cosmonaut candidates. The selection of cosmonaut candidates was carried out special group specialists from the Central Military Research Aviation Hospital. Psychologists drew attention to the following features of Gagarin’s character:
“He loves spectacles with active action, where heroism, the will to win, and the spirit of competition prevail. sports games takes the place of the initiator, leader, and captain of the team. As a rule, his will to win, endurance, determination, and sense of team play a role here. Favorite word is “work.” Makes sensible proposals at meetings. Constantly confident in himself and his abilities. He endures training easily and works effectively. Developed very harmoniously. Sincere. Clean in soul and body. Polite, tactful, careful to the point of punctuality. Intellectual development Yura's is high. Excellent memory. He stands out among his comrades for his wide range of active attention, quick wit, and quick reaction. Assiduous. He does not hesitate to defend the point of view that he considers correct."
Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was selected not only among the top twenty candidates for the flight, but subsequently as the first cosmonaut. The choice turned out to be brilliant. Gagarin not only coped with the tasks of the first space flight in the history of mankind, but also did not get sick." star fever"after him.
On March 27, 1968, Gagarin died in a plane crash while performing a training flight on a MiG-15UTI aircraft under the guidance of experienced instructor V.S. Seryogin, near the village of Novoselovo, Kirzhach district, Vladimir region.
On March 9, 1944, Nikolai Ivanovich KUZNETSOV, a Soviet intelligence officer and partisan, died. He personally liquidated 11 generals and high-ranking officials occupation administration of Nazi Germany.
Two murders of intelligence officer Kuznetsov
On March 9, 1944, Nikolai Ivanovich KUZNETSOV, a Soviet intelligence officer and partisan, died. He personally liquidated 11 generals and high-ranking officials of the occupation administration of Nazi Germany.
On March 9, 1944, while crossing the front line, Kuznetsov’s reconnaissance group came across UPA fighters (whose descendants are now in charge in Ukraine). This happened in the village of Boratin, Brody district. During the shootout, Nikolai Kuznetsov and his companions Yan Kaminsky and Ivan Belov were killed.
The burial of Kuznetsov’s group was discovered on September 17, 1959 in the Kutyki tract thanks to the search work of his comrade Nikolai Strutinsky. Strutinsky achieved the reburial of the alleged remains of Kuznetsov in Lviv on the Hill of Glory on July 27, 1960. Monuments to Kuznetsov in Lviv and Rivne were dismantled in 1992 Western Ukrainian fascist successors.
Exchange of information
If you have information about any event that corresponds to the theme of our site, and you want us to publish it, you can use the special form:Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov - Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General of the Red Army, military leader. Ivan was born on December 20 (old style) 1892 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov province. The boy's father, Vasily Zakharovich, worked as a small office worker, and his mother, Alexandra Stepanovna, was a housewife. In 1904, Vasily Panfilov’s wife died suddenly. Due to the need to help his father with housework, Ivan did not have time to receive primary education.
In 1905, Panfilov Jr. got a job in a hired shop. In 1912, the boy's father died. Three years later, Ivan Panfilov entered service in the Russian Imperial Army as part of the 168th reserve battalion of the Penza province. At the beginning of 1917, having received the rank of non-commissioned officer, he went to the Southwestern Russian-German Front in the 638th Infantry Regiment. In the Russian army, Panfilov rose to the rank of company commander and was a member of the regiment committee.
Military service
After the revolution, he consciously joined the ranks of the Red Army and ended up in the First Saratov Infantry Regiment of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division. Panfilov showed himself heroically during the Civil War, after which in 1920 he was sent to the Soviet-Polish war, where he took command of a company of Red Army soldiers. After the war he was transferred to the Central Asian Military District and took part in the battles against the Basmachi.
In 1920 he joined the CPSU(b). In 1921 he entered the courses of the Kyiv Higher United military school commanders of the Red Army named after S.S. Kamenev, after graduating from which he received the rank of battalion commander. Soon he headed the 52nd Yaroslavsky rifle regiment. In his youth, Panfilov led nomadic image life, moving from garrison to garrison. In 1924 he transferred to the Turkestan Front, where he headed the regimental school, and in 1925 he took command of the Pamir detachment. Two years later he returned to Turkestan again.
Since 1931, he was listed as commissar of the 8th separate rifle battalion Central Asian Military District, then commander of the 9th Red Banner Mining rifle regiment. During his service, Ivan Panfilov developed theoretical principles of combat. Already in the mid-20s, the military leader realized the inconsistency of combat detachments organized on the principle of mounted divisions using edged weapons.
Much attention Ivan Vasilyevich paid attention to the issue of preserving the life of a soldier during military operations. The military leader took care of the availability of warm uniforms and necessary funds hygiene for their clients. In 1937, Ivan Panfilov took the post of head of the headquarters department of the Central Asian Military District, and a year later received the post of military commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. In the year the Second World War began, Panfilov was promoted to the rank of brigade commander, and a year later he received the rank of major general.
Panfilov did not distinguish between soldiers by nationality, but found common language with all the military personnel, for which many called him “General Batya.” Panfilov participated in the creation of the 316th Infantry Division. The commander trained military personnel in conditions of conducting tank battle, developed the tactics of using small infantry groups to suppress enemy advances. In textbooks on military disciplines, this distribution of forces on the battlefield was called the “Panfilov loop.”
World War II
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War Ivan Panfilov met in the post of commander of the 316th Infantry Division in the North-Western and Western fronts, which was reorganized in November 1941 into the 8th Guards Division. Military unit consisted mainly of residents of the capital of the Kazakh SSR and Kyrgyzstan. Panfilov's fighters became famous for carrying out defensive battles in the vicinity of Volokolamsk against enemy heavy equipment.
Ivan Panfilov created the system artillery defense, which was supported by mobile infantry groups. According to some reports, Panfilov’s men more than once went behind enemy lines in order to psychologically prepare for anti-tank attack. Panfilov was one of the first military leaders to feel the importance small detachments, which during the battle were called “nodes of resistance” or “strong points”.
Last photo Ivana Panfilova (left)
Panfilov's retreat from Volokolamsk to the east, which he made at the end of October 1941, could have resulted in a military tribunal for him. But the Commander-in-Chief of the 16th Army, Lieutenant General K. Rokossovsky, stood up for Ivan Vasilyevich. On November 16, a bloody battle took place at the defensive position, which lasted 4.5 hours. During the offensive of two tank divisions in the amount of 50 combat vehicles Soviet soldiers 18 of them were destroyed, which went down in history as a feat.
Opponents called the Soviet Panfilov soldiers savage and fanatical. The day after legendary battle The 316th Division was reorganized into the 8th Guards Division rifle division and received the Order of the Red Banner. The military unit met victory on the territory of Courland. On the Reichstag building, the heroes of the division left a thank you inscription in memory of Ivan Panfilov.
Death
During the battle on November 18, 1941, Ivan Panfilov was in a hastily organized temporary hut, where he talked with reporters from Moscow newspapers. During a surprise tank attack by the Nazis, Panfilov hurried into the street, where he was wounded in the temple by a fragment of a mine that exploded nearby. Death came instantly.
The military leader's body was taken to Moscow, where Ivan Panfilov was buried with honors at the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1942, the major general received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. Panfilov's biography is forever inscribed in the history of victory Soviet people over the Nazi invader.
Personal life
Ivan Panfilov married Maria Ivanovna, born in 1903, in the early 20s. The commander's wife worked as a social activist. Photos have been preserved in which Maria Ivanovna is captured together with and. In 1923, the Panfilovs’ first daughter, Valentina, was born, who went to the front as a nurse during the war. In the mid-40s, the girl married Bakhytzhan Baikadamov and gave birth to two girls - Aigul and Alua.
After Valentina, four more children were born. Ivan Vasilyevich’s son Vladilen became a test pilot and received the rank of colonel. After the death of her husband, Maria Ivanovna suffered a stroke, but, having recovered, she moved from Kyrgyzstan to the capital of the USSR. Panfilova devoted her personal life to raising children.
Awards
- 1921 – Order of the Red Banner
- 1930 – Order of the Red Banner
- 1938 – Medal “XX Years of the Red Army”
- 1941 – Order of the Red Banner
- 1941 - Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously)
- 1942 – Order of Lenin (posthumously)
Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov. Born on December 20, 1892 (January 1, 1893) in Petrovsk, Saratov province - died on November 18, 1941 near the village of Gusenevo, Moscow region. Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, posthumously).
Ivan Panfilov was born on December 20, 1892 (January 1, 1893 according to the new style) in Petrovsk, Saratov province.
By nationality - Russian.
My father was a small office worker. His mother died when he was still a teenager.
He studied at a four-year city school in Petrovsk, but after the death of his mother in 1905 he was forced to go to work and served in a hired shop.
In 1915 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army and sent to the Russian-German front.
In 1918, he voluntarily joined the Red Army and was enlisted in the 1st Saratov Infantry Regiment of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division. A participant in the Civil War, he fought as part of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division.
After the Civil War, he graduated from the two-year Kyiv United Infantry School, and soon after that he was assigned to the Central Asian Military District. He took an active part in the fight against the Basmachi.
Member of the CPSU(b) since 1920.
Since 1938 - military commissar of the Kyrgyz SSR.
During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the 316th Rifle Division (since November 17, 1941 - 8th Guards). The division was recruited from residents of Alma-Ata (now Almaty) and Frunze (now Bishkek). She became famous in heavy defensive battles in the Volokolamsk direction.
After parts of the division surrendered Volokolamsk, General Panfilov was going to be put on trial. However, this did not happen due to the intervention of the commander of the 16th Army, Lieutenant General, who stated: “I trust Panfilov. If he left Volokolamsk, then it was necessary!”
Even during the formation of the 316th Infantry Division, during exercises near Talgar, General Panfilov organized training to overcome tank fear - for this purpose, tractors were driven to the positions of the recruits. Such a concept as the Panfilov loop came into military textbooks: when the forces of combat units were dispersed in several important points, rather than throwing themselves at the enemy entirely. During the defense of Moscow, he used a system of deeply echeloned artillery anti-tank defense, as well as mobile barriers units. According to some reports, in October 1941, when the fighting was going on near Volokolamsk, he organized raids behind enemy lines, “so that the soldiers had the feeling that the enemy was also a living person and could be defeated.”
He considered the main calling of a military leader to preserve the lives of soldiers in war, warm attitude and care. Division commander Panfilov knew how to motivate soldiers, strengthen their resilience in battle and faith in victory. The soldiers called Panfilov “General Dad.” He told the soldiers and commanders: “I don’t need you to die, I need you to stay alive!”
He also secured supplies of warm clothing for the soldiers. And already in 1945, war correspondents captured inscriptions on the walls of the Reichstag: “We are Panfilov’s warriors. Thank you, Dad, for the felt boots.”
On November 16, the division was attacked by the forces of two German tank divisions - the 2nd Tank Division attacked the positions of the 316th Infantry Division in the center of defense, and the 11th Tank Division struck in the Dubosekovo area, at the positions of the 1075th Infantry Regiment.
Units of the division led by Panfilov fought heavy defensive battles with superior enemy forces, in which personnel showed mass heroism. During the battles on November 16-20 in the Volokolamsk direction, the 316th Infantry Division (from November 17, Red Banner, from November 18, Guards) stopped the advance of two tank and one infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht.
According to the official version, a platoon of tank destroyers from this particular division on November 16, 1941, during fierce battles, stopped the advance of 50 enemy tanks for 4 hours, destroying 18 of them, which went down in history as feat of 28 Panfilov heroes.
For successful actions during these battles, the division, which had already become the 8th Guards Red Banner, received on November 23 honorary title Panfilovskaya.
Colonel General Erich Gepner, commander of the 4th tank group, whose strike forces were defeated in battles with the 8th guards division, calls it in his reports to the commander of the Center group, Fedor von Bock, “a savage division fighting in violation of all regulations and rules of engagement, whose soldiers do not surrender, are extremely fanatical and are not afraid of death.”
General Panfilov died on November 18, 1941 near the village of Gusenevo, Volokolamsk district, Moscow region, from fragments of a German mortar mine.
The future Marshal Katukov (at that time a colonel, his 4th tank brigade fought on a neighboring sector of the front) in his memoirs “At the Edge of the Main Strike” he described the death of General Panfilov as follows: “On the morning of November 18, two dozen tanks and chains of motorized infantry again began to surround the village of Gusenevo. Here at that time there was Panfilov’s command post - a hastily dugout next to the peasant hut. The Germans fired at the village with mortars, but the fire was indirect and they did not pay attention to it. Panfilov received a group of Moscow correspondents. When he was informed about the enemy tank attack, he hurried from the dugout to the street. He was followed by other division headquarters workers. Before Panfilov had time to climb the last step of the dugout, a mine crashed nearby. General Panfilov began to slowly sink to the ground. They picked him up. So, without regaining consciousness, he died in the arms of his comrades. They examined the wound: it turned out that a tiny fragment had pierced his temple.”
A direct witness to the death of the general was also Senior Lieutenant D.F. Lavrinenko - the most effective tanker of the Red Army in the entire history of the Great Patriotic War - who was next to him command post and was greatly shocked by the death of Panfilov.
Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky wrote about Panfilov in his memoirs: “Simple open face, some even shyness at first. At the same time, one could feel ebullient energy and the ability to demonstrate iron will and persistence at the right time. The general spoke respectfully of his subordinates; it was clear that he knew each of them well... It was in these bloody battles for Volokolamsk and to the east that Panfilov’s division forever covered itself with glory. That’s what they called her in the army, and the soldiers of the 316th said about themselves: “We are Panfilov’s men!” Happy is the general who has earned love and faith from the mass of soldiers so simply expressed, but indelible in their hearts.”
On April 12, 1942, General Panfilov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.
At the place of death, in the village of Gusenevo ( rural settlement Chismenskoye, Volokolamsk district, Moscow region), a monument was erected.
In Almaty, in the park named after 28 Panfilov heroes, a monument was erected.
In Bishkek, a monument was erected in the park named after Hero of the Soviet Union I.V. Panfilov. The monument in Bishkek was erected as a result of the 1941 competition for the monument to General Panfilov (authors Apollo Manuylov, Alexander Mogilevsky and Olga Manuilova). This is the very first monument in the USSR erected in honor of a hero of the Great Patriotic War.
Panfilov's men. Legend and reality
Personal life of General Panfilov:
Wife - Maria Ivanovna (born in April 1903), was public figure. In 1936, she participated in the All-Union Conference of the Wives of Red Army Commanders. A photograph has been preserved in which she stands as part of the delegation next to Stalin and Voroshilov. In 1939, when her husband became the military commissar of the city of Frunze, the capital of the Kirghiz SSR, Maria Ivanovna headed the Sverdlovsk District Council of Frunze. Awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
After the death of her husband, Maria Ivanovna was paralyzed, but she was able to overcome her illness. During the war years she lived in Kyrgyzstan, in Frunze. After General Panfilov and 28 of his soldiers became Heroes of the Soviet Union in April 1942, the “All-Union Elder” Mikhail Kalinin gave the widow an apartment in Moscow and a dacha in Bolyshevo. The family moved to the capital.
There were five children in the Panfilov family.
Eldest daughter Valentina (born May 1, 1923) served with her father in the medical battalion. IN last days during the war she was seriously wounded in the head. After the war, she went on a Komsomol trip to Kazakhstan, to Alma-Ata, where she connected her life with Bakhytzhan Baikadamov, the son of Baikadam Karaldin (repressed in the 1930s), the future founder of choral singing in Kazakhstan. Their family had daughters Aigul and Alua Baikadamov.
Valentina - daughter of General Panfilov
Son - Vladilen, colonel, test pilot.
According to the memoirs of his granddaughter Aigul Baikadamova, Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was “very cheerful, demanding and kind person. This is how I remember him from the words of my mother Valentina Ivanovna. I tried to devote time to my family, although there were few free minutes.
The granddaughter of General Panfilov, Aigul Baikadamova, is an associate professor of economics, and another granddaughter, Alua Baikadamova, is the head of the military history museum.
Aigul Baikadamova - granddaughter of General Panfilov
Alua Baikadamova - granddaughter of General Panfilov
Awards of General Panfilov:
Hero of the Soviet Union, posthumously (April 12, 1942)
Order of Lenin
Three Orders of the Red Banner (1921, 1929, 1941)
Anniversary medal "XX years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow", posthumously
IMMORTAL FEAT
November 16, 1941 During the defense of Moscow from the fascist invaders in the battle at the Dubosekovo crossing, 28 soldiers from General Panfilov’s division performed their immortal feat, destroying about two dozen German tanks and stopping the German advance.
The Battle of Moscow became one of decisive battles And the most important event the first year of the Great Patriotic War.
Ivan Vasilievich Panfilov - outstanding Soviet military leader, hero of the Soviet Union. Born January 1, 1893 (NS) inthe city of Petrovsk, Saratov province.
In 1915, Panfilov was drafted into the tsarist army and almost immediately sent to the German front.
By 1917, Panfilov became a company commander, after February events, the soldiers elected him as a member of the regimental committee. His voluntary choice is to fight on the side of the Red Army during the civil confrontation, I.V. Panfilov made it in 1918.
After the Civil War he was sent to Central Asia, where he fought with the Basmachi.
By 1938, Ivan Vasilievich became the military commissar of Kyrgyzstan, at next year receives the rank of brigade commander, and a year later - major general.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was instructed to create the 316th Infantry Division in Alma-Ata.
By the end of August, the division under the command of Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov joined the army of the North-Western Front.
At the beginning of October 1941, Panfilov's division near Moscow was entrusted with defense wide band more than forty kilometers long in the Volokolamsk direction. The fierce battles in these positions glorified the division forever, the name of the major general himself became a household name, and his soldiers began to be called Panfilov’s men.
Despite the fact that the division's fighters had not previously been tested in battle, their stamina and heroism amazed everyone - both our military leaders and the Germans.
Ivan Vasilyevich raised the morale of the soldiers by constantly being in those parts of the division that experienced the most fierce pressure from the enemy. By personal example, Panfilov was able to demonstrate in his untrained and barely trained soldiers that mass heroism that made a decisive contribution to the victory of the Soviet people over fascism. Then Ivan Vasilyevich received the respectful and affectionate nickname “Dad” from his soldiers. In response, he always said to everyone before the battle: “I don’t need you to die, I need you to stay alive!”
Feat of 28 Panfilov men at the Dubosekovo crossing
Panfilov's division was attacked on November 16, 1941 by two German tank divisions. At the same time, one division attacked central part defense, and the other in the Dubosekovo area, where the defense was held by the 1075th Infantry Regiment. It was near Dubosekovo that the events unfolded, later called the “feat of 28 Panfilov’s men.”
Over the course of several November days, Panfilov's division accomplished the almost impossible. Having opposed significantly superior enemy forces, Panfilov’s men stopped the attacks of 2 enemy tank and infantry divisions.
For unparalleled heroism, the division becomes Guards and Red Banner. And on November 23 she receives the honorary title of Panfilovskaya.
Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov himself, by that time, had already died. It happened November 18, 1941 near the village of Gusenevo. During the aimless shelling of the village by the Germans, the smallest fragment of a mine hit the head of the outstanding commander, who at that time, accompanied by Moscow correspondents, was inspecting the surroundings.
Major General Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was buried with honors at the Novodevichy cemetery. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to him posthumously - in April 1942.
Lieutenant General, participant in the First World War, Civil War and Great Patriotic War. During the Great Patriotic War he commanded a division. Posthumously awarded the Order of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Through peace and war
Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was born on December 20, 1892 (according to the new style - January 1, 1893). His birthplace was a city in modern times. Coming from the family of a poor office worker and having lost his mother early, he was forced to leave the city 4-grade school without completing his studies. Already in 1905, Panfilov began to engage in hired labor.
Panfilov found himself in the ranks of the Russian Imperial Army in 1915. During the First World War, he fought on the Russian-German front. Panfilov - non-commissioned officer, sergeant major, and later company commander. After February Revolution he joins the regimental committee and conducts anti-war agitation among the soldiers.
Ivan Vasilyevich joined the emerging Red Army as a volunteer already in 1918. On the fronts of the civil war, he fought in the 1st Saratov Infantry Regiment, which was part of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division. In 1921, for the heroism shown in battles on the Soviet-Polish front, Panfilov received his first Order of the Red Banner.
After civil war ended, Panfilov continued to serve in the Red Army. His career was undoubtedly facilitated by the fact that already from 1920 he was a member of the CPSU (b). After graduating from the Kyiv commander school (in different sources various full versions of its name are indicated) in 1923 Panfilov was assigned to Turkestan to fight the Basmachi. He headed the regimental school in the 4th Turkestan Rifle Regiment (1927). Since April 1928, Ivan Vasilyevich has been the commander of a rifle battalion. In 1929, Panfilov received the second Order of the Red Banner for his success in the fight against the Basmachi. He was the commander of the 9th Red Banner Mountain Rifle Regiment (from December 1932). In 1937, he was promoted to the post of chief of staff of the Central Asian Military District. Since 1938, Panfilov has served as commissar of the Kirghiz SSR, having received the medal “XX Years of the Red Army” in this post. In January of the following year, 1939, Ivan Vasilyevich was awarded the rank of brigade commander, and in 1940 he was recertified to major general.
Division commander
When the Great Patriotic War broke out, Panfilov was instructed to form the 316th Infantry Division in Alma-Ata and lead it. The division turned out to be multinational: the majority were Kazakhs (40%) and Russians (30%), among the rest were representatives of 26 peoples of the Soviet Union. Already during the formation of the division, Panfilov used special exercises to train his soldiers, aimed at eliminating their fear of tanks. During these exercises, in the absence of tanks, they used mobilized agricultural tractors.
At the end of August, the division was withdrawn from Kazakhstan and transferred to the 52nd Army belonging to the North-Western Front. Following to the front, the division suffered the first combat losses, having come under an air raid in the area. The division continued training at the training ground located between and. Later, already in September, it occupied the defense zone among the 2nd echelon formations.
October 5, 1941, after the start of the German offensive on (Operation Typhoon), the division was transferred to Moscow direction- first to the 5th Army, and then to the 16th Army, which he then commanded. That late warm recalled Panfilov and his division. The 316th Division was supposed to defend. She held the defense on the line - (41 kilometers along the front).
The division's first clashes with the enemy occurred on October 15. Two German tank divisions (2nd and 11th) and one infantry division(35th). With a front stretched 5 times compared to what was required combat regulations, subjected to continuous attacks by colossally superior combat experience enemy, the division was not defeated. She only slowly retreated, continuing to maintain combat effectiveness and inflict significant losses on the enemy. Panfilov continued to actively search for the best tactics. He independently figured out methods for using strongholds. The term "Panfilov's Loop" - the concentration of troops at key points in the battle - entered the military lexicon. Experts also noted Panfilov’s use of a layered version of anti-tank defense, as well as mobile barrage units. The division's artillery, including the units assigned to it, amounted to about two hundred guns, which was quite a lot for that time. Panfilov skillfully used it, despite the limited amount of ammunition. There is information about those created in the division special units for surprise attacks on the enemy, in which newly arrived soldiers were sent in order to give them a “feel of war.” Panfilov took measures to quickly provide the division with winter uniforms. In general, he showed great concern for his soldiers, for which he received from them the respectful nicknames “elder” and “Dad.” Soon the division begins to be separated from a number of ordinary Soviet formations by the enemy, right up to the level of group headquarters German armies"Center". Commander of the 4th tank army Gepner wrote with involuntary respect about its “fanatical” and fearless soldiers.
Although Volokolamsk was abandoned at the end of October 1941 as a result of defeats on other sectors of the front, the division again managed to withdraw to in perfect order, now she defended the approaches to. It is here that the battle of November 16-18 will take place, after which the words “28 Panfilov’s men” will go down in history.
There were 28 of them?
“28 Panfilov heroes” have long become a commonly used expression. In Almaty there is a park named after 28 Panfilov heroes, in which there is also a monument to General Panfilov himself. The image of twenty-eight heroes became an integral part of the single image of the Great Patriotic War. In Soviet history textbooks, which mentioned the topic of the Great Patriotic War, the words of one of the twenty-eight, political instructor Klochkov, were quoted: “It is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us!”
At the same time, for decades, disputes regarding the circumstances of the feat and its very reality have not subsided in the historical and pseudo-scientific environment. Here I will try to adhere exclusively to firmly established facts. It is known that the event itself took place on November 16 in the area of the crossing. The 4th company, which was part of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th Infantry Regiment of the 316th Division, was hit by a massive attack from enemy troops, supported by numerous tanks. Of the entire company, which numbered up to 140 people at the start of hostilities, only 20-25 survived. The names of those who later became part of the 28 were apparently named from memory by the surviving company commander Gundilovich to the Red Star correspondent Krivitsky, who had arrived at the regiment. Later, some of those who were included in the group of “28 Panfilov’s men” turned out to be alive, and it turned out that some of them did not participate in this battle at all. Also, apparently, the company was credited with all the tanks knocked out by the regiment that day. However, the fact of the heroic behavior of the company's soldiers is beyond doubt. In the history of the division there are many equally glorious, but, unfortunately, less well-known episodes.
Panfilov and Panfilovites
Panfilov died on November 18, 1941. He became a victim of a shell fragment ( mortar mine), hitting him in the temple. This happened when Panfilov was reflecting tank attack enemy to the village. Witnesses tragic events became a group of war correspondents who came to write about the becoming famous division and its commander. In addition to them, this event was also observed by a number of Soviet commanders, including the future most effective tank ace of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Fedorovich Lavrinenko. On April 12, 1942, General Panfilov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Hero of the Soviet Union. On the same day that Panfilov died, his division received the honorary title of Guards, thus becoming the 8th Guards Division. On November 23, the division officially received the name Panfilov, a badge of distinction that forever linked the division with its creator and first commander.
Numerous streets and schools throughout the former Soviet Union, and even an entire city district. Commemorative stamps were issued in his honor. Monuments were erected to him, and his monument in Bishkek became the first of those erected in honor of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.