In Khakassia, gymnosperms predominate. Anomalous zones and mysterious places of Khakassia
Posted Sun, 05/29/2016 - 10:25 by Cap
Khakassia is an interesting and mysterious region located in the Western Sayan Mountains, slightly east of Altai. The junction of Altai and Sayan makes this place mysterious and attractive!
Remains of ancient beliefs, practiced shamanism, pathogenic places, mysterious caves in the remote taiga, habitats of spirits - all this and much more can be found in Khakassia.
As for the anomalous zones, there are three of them in Khakassia. There is also its own Valley of Death, in which the curvature of the space-time continuum (time bag) occurs. Let’s say, not the most pleasant place. Located in the north of Khakassia. The second place is located 33 kilometers upstream of the Abakan River from our city of Abakan. Quite often, people who spent the night in that valley went crazy or died under strange circumstances.
The third is located in the area of Lake Firkal towards Kommunar to the north, but you cannot get there by car, only on foot. It's a bad place, even animals avoid it. Ufologists say that it is part of one of the twelve anomalous triangles on the planet, such as the Bermuda Triangle.
"Chests" in Khakassia
Imagine a valley with a diameter of 12-15 km, surrounded by mountains. Almost in the center of this valley there are stone pyramids - popularly they are called “Chests” for the unusually regular shape of the tops in the form of squares.
The length of these pyramids is about 300 m, the height is 60-70 m. They are, in general, a complete copy of the Aztec and Mayan pyramids. When I first saw them, I was simply shocked,
I couldn't believe my eyes. I am a historian and archaeologist by profession, and to see something like this right next door is something unimaginable. There are three villages next to these pyramids.
At first, naturally, I began to ask local residents about these structures. Fortunately, one of my classmates lived in such a village, and through him I managed to meet many people. Everyone said with one voice - the place is dark, spirits are constantly “flying” there, under no circumstances should you go there. My desire to spend the night at the top of the best-preserved pyramid of all (and there are about 12 of them there) was responded to like a plague patient. They twirl their finger at their temple and try to get away quickly.
Finally, with two comrades, I stayed on the Chest. The night passed relatively calmly, except for all sorts of mystical things, such as - at exactly twelve o’clock the constantly blowing wind stopped and an extraordinary silence came. You could hear the sound of cow bells in a distant village, about ten kilometers away. Then suddenly a thick fog filled the small hollow. And then, in the complete absence of any wind movement, I suddenly heard the rustling of branches and rustling leaves (a larch grew in the hollow). Sorry, this couldn't happen. However, we digress from the topic.
So here it is. The wind blew again at exactly 3 am. (Later I checked, spending the night several times, all the miracles were exactly on schedule!). A few hours later the sun began to come out, and since it was a full moon, I looked to the west, the Moon was setting there - but what was happening to it! The dark red disk began to rotate implausibly around its axis, change shape, increasingly tending to an ellipse. Moreover, all these metamorphoses took place in a matter of minutes, not even seconds! Until the sun rose almost completely, my friend and I (the other slept in a tent) stared at the bloody disk, unable to tear ourselves away.
A lot of time has passed (it was 1991), but I still, although not so clearly, remember this disk of the Moon, morphing at its whim. He didn't promise anything good.
When we arrived in the village and had a good night's sleep, I began to ask the locals, and found out that all kinds of UFOs of all sizes, from balls to plates, and of all kinds of colors, were prowling around the valley of “Chests”. No one knew when their density was especially high; they simply noted the days of their appearance. By the way, I was told that near one of the “Chests”, back in Soviet times, a stone was dug up (they plowed a field and opened the grave of a shaman with a tractor), on which the constellations of the other hemisphere were depicted, and some stars, visible almost through a telescope .
To be honest, I was not able to verify this information, some say that everything found was taken to some St. Petersburg institute, others don’t really remember anything at all, so I can neither confirm nor refute it. But! The world-famous scientist, professor, writer, archaeologist Vitaly Epifanovich Larychev has been going to this valley for more than 20 years to dig. He even has a book on Chests. I was very interested in this strange connection between “Chests” and UFO. In general, there are many legends and stories about this valley. It is reliably known that a mighty people lived in it for a long time, for they built stone houses, fortresses, and skillfully used natural structures. And when the Mongols passed here in the 12th century, they massacred the entire population and tried to destroy all the buildings! This kind of thing never happened to them. So that everything and everyone!!! Now NOBODY knows what was there and who lived there!!!
For example, I strongly suspect that there existed a far from ordinary people there, professing their own not at all shamanistic religion. There is a suspicion that in the littered tops of the chests there are hollow places and there is something waiting for its time. By the way, I forgot to say. Even if scientists cannot give an exact date, how long ago people lived in the valley, they roughly name the time of existence of the pyramids - 35-40,000 years ago they arose, and since then they have stood almost unchanged!
Located in Kuznetsk Alatau (Khakassia), four kilometers from the village of Malaya Syya, on the left bank of the Bely Iyus River. The length of the cave passages is about 11,000 meters and the depth is 195 meters.
The cave was discovered in the 1970s. The name of the cave was proposed by a Novosibirsk biologist and chosen by lot from a number of other names.
The cave has numerous wells, large halls, galleries on several levels, cave lakes, and sinter formations.
One of the most dangerous caves in Russia.
There have been three fatal accidents in the Pandora's Box cave since its discovery to date.
PANDORA'S BOX. GENERAL INFORMATION.
Pandora's Box is a cave on the left bank of the Bely Iyus River, in Kuznetsk Alatau, Republic (Khakassia).
The length of the mapped passages of the cave is about 11 km, the depth is more than 180 m. Currently, on the initiative of Krasnoyarsk speleologists, work is underway on a new topographic survey of the cave, including previously unrecorded passages. The labyrinth-type cave, in limestone, has one entrance.
There are numerous wells, large halls, galleries on several levels, cave lakes, and sinter formations. The average temperature is +5 °C.
There are bats.
The cave was discovered in the early 1970s by employees of the Syi glaciological station. At that time, the cave was the only entrance light grotto, Shirokiy. Since 1976, attempts to penetrate into the underground system through neighboring small caves have been carried out by Osinnikov speleologists under the leadership of V. Vlasenko.
In 1981, targeted excavations in Shirokoye by speleologists Osinnikov and Tomsk discovered a passage to the upper floors of the cave. Subsequently, speleologists from Novokuznetsk also studied the cave. The name of the cave was proposed by Novosibirsk biologist N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, and chosen by lot from a number of other options.
Incidents in the cave
Three people died in Pandora's Box.
On December 3, 1989, Novosibirsk resident Andrei Ageev fell to his death.
In the summer of 2003, Novosibirsk archaeologist Stanislav Shubin died in the upper part of the cave.
On 02/02/2005, while trying to dig a passage to continue at the bottom of the cave, Novosibirsk speleologist Pavel Galkin died under a rubble.
There are also reports of tourists missing in the cave.
Anomalous phenomena took place in the cave.
Pandora's Box, Emerald Lake
Statue of Khurtuyakh-Tas
Khurtuyakh-Tas is translated as “Stone Old Woman”. People believe that she helps and fulfills wishes. Childless women go to her to beg for children, men ask for the fertility of the land and livestock. They bring her gifts and leave them at the foot. It is located in the steppe of the Askiz region.
Seismic zone
Anomalous zones with increased energy are common. Old mounds with lying stone slabs are popular among residents. You stand on the slab, raise your arms up - and you are in the flow of power. Yesterday, February 10, 170 km south of Abakan in the Tashtyp district, another magnitude 6 earthquake occurred. Just 20 years ago such phenomena were unheard of in these places. Maybe the seismic activity began in response to our visits?
"Askiz Poltergeist"
involuntary miracles in the village of Askiz, from which three people died. A book has been written on the research material, which is now being printed, with a quantity of 5,000 copies. in the publishing house "Nauka". There is a huge amount of video material - three cassettes, three hours each. Filming of the place, memories and stories of eyewitnesses, special filming using scientifically developed techniques.
Research on the "Mercurial Man".
Krasnoyarsk resident Zhigachev /I don’t remember his name/, was in a flying saucer. After this, mercury began to be synthesized in his body! At first it was just bumps on his legs, the doctors prescribed heating for him, the bumps got bigger, they cut him open and the doctor was horrified, mercury poured out of the cuts! He was urgently sent to Krasnoyarsk. I won’t retell much. I am impressed by the video footage (also about nine hours of video) - professors and academics in the hospital open his tumors - and mercury pours out of them on the operating table! I COULD NOT EVEN IMAGINE THIS! Academicians and professors throw up their hands in front of the camera. His body actually synthesizes mercury! Clots of mercury were found in the muscles, skin of the legs, scrotum, and lungs. During a special scan at the clinic, they discovered mercury in the bones of the legs!!! All of this is filmed!!! EVERYTHING is seriously documented!!!
Suicide zone
Last week in Khakassia, five people committed suicide within two days. In this regard, one Indian film comes to mind. The plot is like this. A guy and a girl love each other, but the girl’s evil father does not allow them to get married, and the young couple, instead of telling him to go to hell, decide to jump into the abyss together. When she falls, the girl falls to her death, and the guy clings to some snag with his shirt, which he cannot free himself from, and thus remains alive.
Here in Russia, for a failed suicide you can get away with a week in a mental hospital, but in India (as in some other countries) you can get a real sentence for this. In general, the guy gets a year in prison. When he comes out, he finds another girl and marries her. But the evil father of his first lover arranges a car accident for the newlyweds, as a result of which both die.
Several years ago, one of the Abakan psychiatrists told me in an interview that in some areas of Khakassia there is some kind of anomalous “suicidal” zone. At that time we were talking about the Tashtyp district. For some inexplicable reason, this area had the highest suicide rate in the region. Today, perhaps, such zones have “moved” to other territories.
Just like a couple of years ago, today, people who decide to commit suicide mostly hang themselves and shoot themselves. They shoot more often from hunting weapons. Free circulation of military weapons, as is known, has been prohibited in our country since the time of Lenin (although in the former socialist camp of Eastern Europe, as well as in the Baltic states, this ban has long been lifted). That's probably right. We are not the right people to buy military weapons and lock them with seven locks. In the hands of our man it will definitely shoot, and if not at others, then at himself. Any person on our streets will say that in Russia, the lifting of the ban on the free possession of military weapons will only increase the number of murders and suicides. And our government doesn’t benefit from this at all. Was it in vain that, in order to improve the demographic situation, we invented the so-called “maternity capital”?
Stone old woman INEY-TAS
Location: the picturesque rock Inei-tas (Stone Old Woman) is located a kilometer northeast of the village of Kazanovka, in the Askiz region of the Republic of Khakassia, on the left bank of the Askiz River
Inei-tas has patronized cattle breeding since ancient times and “helped” people until the 50s of the last century. Inei-tas performed tag taig - rituals of sacrifice to the mountain spirit, the patron saint of the clan, and asked for help in various matters. At the very foot of Inei-tas, a platform was cleared and sprinkled with river sand, on which 14 sculptures of domestic animals were installed. Bulls, horses, sheep were made from river pebbles and red sandstone. Only three figurines from this collection survive. And the Frost itself was blown up at the very beginning of the 60s of the last century.
During the war and in the post-war years, people again began to come to Ineitas and conduct rituals here. The ideologists of that time could not come up with anything better than to destroy the cult monument. The amazing open-air temple was destroyed. They say that after this the cattle in Khakassia began to reproduce worse. They also say that none of the participants in this sacrilege ended their lives safely. And Frost-tas enjoys special veneration even after “death.”
Now the mountain where the stone stood is called Iney-paary (the foot of Iney). Here again rituals are held, passers-by certainly make “sec-sec”, chalamas are tied on the branches of birch trees, the grove of which surrounded the place where the Stone Old Woman had previously stood like a necklace. Those who have been here can fully experience the beauty and power of this unusual place, where Grandma Iney, even having lost her former appearance, again helps her people.
How to get there: from Abakan to the village of Askiz (92 km.). Further to the village of Kazanovka about 30 km
Geographic coordinates: 53.22589 90.071927
Address:
Askizsky district, village. Kazanovka
Grotto TWO-EYE
Two-Eyes Grotto
Location: the grotto is located 50 km west of Abakan in the Bogradsky district of the Republic of Khakassia, on the river. Tolcheya 1.5 km west of the village of the same name
Dvuglazka (Grotto “Dvuglazka”, “Glyadeny”) is a multi-layered natural monument of the Stone Age in Khakassia. This name is due to the fact that in its vaulted ceiling there are two light openings of natural origin - two “eyes”.
This is the earliest known site of ancient people in the Minusinsk Basin (100 - 35 thousand years ago), studied by Z. A. Abramova in the 1970s. The entrance to the grotto is located at an altitude of about 50 m from the water's edge. The grotto is very convenient for living. It is spacious (15 m deep and 7-10 m wide), oriented with its entrance to the south and is well heated by the sun.
Excavations revealed several cultural layers, the lower of which date back to the Mousterian era. This is the time of the Ris-Würm interglacial (100 - 80 thousand years ago) and the Würm glaciation (80 - 12 thousand years ago). Geologists believe that the climate was relatively warm and dry back then. Steppe vegetation around the grotto predominated. Dark coniferous forests grew in the Yenisei valley: spruce and cedar. There were a lot of birch trees. Stone tools and many animal bones (food waste) were found in the grotto; the bones belonged to kulan, horse, rhinoceros, bison, argali, saiga, and reindeer. Among the predators - bones of a hyena, lion, bear, wolf, fox. From 40 thousand years ago the layers belonged to the Late Paleolithic, and from 12 thousand years ago (upper 2 layers, 50 cm) to the Mesolithic.
How to get there: along the M-54 highway from Abakan to the village of Red Stone (about 47.5 km). Further to the village of Borodino 10 km. The “Dvuglazka” grotto is located 2.5 km from the village of Borodino and 1.5 km from the village of Tolcheya
Geographic coordinates: 54.084856 91.064752
Address:
Bogradsky district, Tolcheya village
Mount CHALPAN
Location: the mountain is located on the territory of the Khakassky State Nature Reserve, on the Lake Bele site in the Shirinsky district of the Republic of Khakassia.
The height of the mountain is 586.3 above sea level. Mount Chalpan is a mountain rise on the northwestern shore of Lake Belyo. On the steep southern slope, rocky steppes with rocky outcrops are common; on gentle slopes, there are various variants of steppe phytocenoses. A birch and larch forest stretches along the coastline. On the southern slope of Mount Chalpan there is a unique writing, which is a graphic chronicle of history. Archaeologists have established that some of the rock carvings of Mount Chalpan date back to the second millennium BC.
Mount Chalpan has environmental, scientific, aesthetic, educational, aesthetic, and recreational significance. Here in the old days the Khakass mined whetstones for sharpening knives. At the top of Mount Chalpan there is an ancient fortress.
How to get there: from Abakan along the M-54 highway to the village of Znamenka 80 km, then turn left and drive 55 km to the village of Borets. Then about 32 km to the village of Shira. Lake Bele is located approximately 25 km from the village of Shira.
Geographic coordinates: 54.703889 90.154167
Address:
Shirinsky district, Lake Bele
Ancient Temple complex ZENKHYR
Location: The ancient temple complex Zenkhir (Uzynkhir) is located in the Ust-Abakan region of Khakassia, near the village of Prigorsk
Translated from Khakass, Uzynkhir means “long ridge.” The city with all its buildings practically went into the ground. Only the thick, at least 2.5-3 m, stone walls of the temple are clearly visible, located 15-20 m from the site itself. The material for construction was obviously delivered from ancient quarries and the rocky shore of the Yenisei. According to scientists, Zenkhir was built by the Afanasyevites. Until now, it was believed that they did not build cities, but lived in small villages and settlements scattered along the banks of rivers. However, Zenkhir refutes this point of view.
How to get there: from Abakan to the village of Prigorsk is about 30 km. The Zenkhir temple complex is located approximately 3 km from the village of Prigorsk
Geographic coordinates: 53.931111 91.286389
Address:
Ust-Abakansky district, Prigorsk village
Mount KYUN TAG (KUNYA)
Mount Kunya
Location: left bank of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, not far from the village of Ust-Abakan, Ust-Abakan district of Khakassia
The ancient mountain Kun Tag or Kunya, translated from Khakassian means “mountain of the Sun” and is a cult and sacred mountain for the Khakassians, for worshiping the deity of the Sun. The height of the mountain is more than 400 meters. At the top of Mount Kunya there is an ancient fortress, which offers stunning views of the Yenisei valley.
Back in the Bronze Age, more than 4,000 years ago, people used this mountain to hide from enemy raids. It stretched along the ridge separating the gentle slopes of the mountain from its interior, where not only women and children, but also livestock could hide in the decay. And male warriors could successfully defend the wall from enemies. It was impossible for the enemy to get inside the fortress along the steep slopes - even weak women and children could easily throw the attackers down, bringing down fragments of flagstone on their heads. There is a lot of flagstone in these places, which made it possible to build the wall without much labor. The ancient fortress was used for thousands of years.
Mount Kunya is a grand monument of rock art. A small, only a few tens of meters in length, section of the wall cuts off a cape with a flat ritual area. On the rocky cliffs of this cape there is the famous Podkuninskaya pisanitsa. The ancient drawings of the pisanitsa depict 323 figures: people, deer, goats, horses, camels, birds, bears. The drawings date back to the 2nd millennium BC.
How to get there: from Abakan to the village of Prigorsk is about 30 km. Further 12 km to the village of Mokhova. Mount Kunya is located 3 km along a dirt road from the village of Mokhova
Geographic coordinates: 53.889803 91.418744
Address:
Ust-Abakansky district, town. Ust - Abakan, aal Mokhov
Tuim ring
Tuim ring
Location: the ancient monument is located on 8 km of the Shira-Tuim road, in the Shrinsky district of the Republic of Khakassia
Tuim Ring is a funerary and cult monument of the Okunev culture. It is one of the most interesting objects in Khakassia. On a flat area between the road and the rock wall, a large square is laid out from stones, the diagonals of the square are also lined with stones. A cromlech (a circle of buried menhir stones) with a diameter of more than 80 m was built around the square.
In the center of the monument are the slab graves of a female priestess and two children. There are 4 large stones around the circumference, marking the four cardinal directions. From the female burial to the east there is a symbolic path bordered by several small stones. The monument is unique in its own way and is comparable in importance to the English Stonehenge, although it is inferior in size.
There is an opinion that the Tuim Ring was not only a cult place, but was also used as an ancient observatory - the stones at the corners of the Tuim Ring are oriented to the cardinal points.
Unfortunately, during the construction of the road, the old cromlech was destroyed, and now only its modern restored version can be seen. But the spirit and energy of the old place remains.
How to get there: from Abakan along the M-54 highway to the village of Znamenka 80 km, then turn left and drive 55 km to the village of Borets. Then about 32 km to the village of Shira. From the village of Shira to the village of Tuim the distance is 18 km. The ancient monument "Tuim Ring" is located on the 8th km of the Shira-Tuim road
Geographic coordinates: 54.393869 89.948518
Address:
Shirinsky district
Gravity anomaly
The Abakan-Sorsk road, not far from the turn to Lake Ulukh-gol, in a place called Kuten-Buluk, is a gravitational anomaly - cars themselves drive uphill, and water runs uphill.
Possibly large ore deposits.
Rudnik Yulia
Bogradsky district Rudnik Yulia. It is true that it cannot be called a uranium mine. because uranium was not specifically mined there, but there are uranium deposits there....
but it hasn’t worked for 30-40 years now and the village is abandoned. UFOs have been observed.
Anomalous zones in the taiga
In the taiga regions of Khakassia, small areas of terrain with ugly trees are often observed; lightning often strikes these places, and ball lightning is sometimes observed. Mechanical clocks in such places are either fast or behind by 2-3 minutes per day. When being in such a place, a person feels some kind of uncertainty and fear. The zone is usually clearly defined; outside the zone everything is fine. Such zones are well identified by dowsing; the angle of frame deviation reaches 180 degrees.
MYSTERIOUS FOREST
Nature is fragrant with the lush greenery of herbs and the aroma of flowers, the quiet whisper of leaves under a weak breeze and the singing of birds creates a unique peace and comfort in the soul. In the shade under the cool crown of a spreading spruce tree, it’s a good place to rest lying on the grass, where life is also in full swing, hard-working ants are scurrying about, a beetle is crawling busily somewhere, a grasshopper is chirping somewhere, but a chipmunk with swollen cheeks or a squirrel scurrying through the branches of a pine tree - it’s walking so clear and the usual life of the taiga.
I slowly climb the slope to the hill and suddenly before my eyes an unusual picture disrupts the taiga harmony: not far away there is a large dark spot of a dead forest, the green grass suddenly breaks off, under my feet there is a thin layer of gray dryish moss, the mighty trunks of ugly trees are completely bare, without bark, branches of a bizarre shape, sometimes they are almost twisted into a spiral, sometimes they are spread out in some completely unnatural way and not a single leaf, not even the wind sways them, as if in some long-forgotten old fairy tale about Baba Yaga. There is no windfall, no old rotten trees either, a flat area overgrown with moss.
And the further I delve into this dead kingdom, the more anxious my soul becomes, some kind of unaccountable anxiety, a feeling of insecurity grows. Birds are not visible or heard, even mosquitoes, these eternal companions of the taiga have disappeared somewhere and are no longer ringing in the ears, and on the ground in the moss there are also no signs of life, only huge curved roots under the trees protrude from the ground, as if they are also planning to run somewhere . I involuntarily quicken my pace and after about ten minutes I reach the edge of this disastrous place.
Curiously, the border of the dead zone is clearly marked by dense green thickets, which are filled with ordinary taiga life. How this mysterious forest appeared, what and when destroyed it, I don’t know, but the uncertainty passes, and curiosity takes its toll, I go back to examine everything more carefully, at the same time I cut down several flakes from the trees, the tree is clean, there are no traces of pests, the soil is ordinary loamy, only humus almost none, and where would he come from in a dead forest. I’ll have to come here in winter to see the tracks of the animals, to see if they also avoid it. I’ve heard many different legends about such places, but this was my first time seeing them.
Anomalous area on the road
Once again in Khakassia, an accident occurred on the Yenisei highway. 405 km of the road became fatal for a resident of the village of Ust-Abakan, who, while driving a HONDA ACCORD car, lost control, hit a metal fence and drove into a ditch. According to the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as a result of the accident, the driver received a head injury, multiple bruises and abrasions of the body, and was hospitalized.
SACRED SITES OF KHAKASSIA
At the XII Congress of the Khakassian People, held on March 18, its participants approved a list of sacred places in Khakassia. The director of the Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, Doctor of Historical Sciences Valentina Tuguzhekova, told an Abakan correspondent about why this list is needed and what objects are included in it.
The need to create a list of sacred places is caused by socio-economic changes in recent years. Today, it is possible for us to rent huge territories (taiga, fields, etc.) by private individuals, on which objects sacred to the Khakass people can be located. And everything possible must be done to ensure that these sacred places remain accessible for ritual practice. At the congress, we approved a list of 96 sacred places of the Khakass people, then we will transfer it to the Supreme Council of the republic. We hope that in the future, within the framework of the law on historical and cultural heritage, the sacred places of the Khakass people will be taken under the state’s protection.
What is considered a sacred place?
A list of sacred places has been approved in Khakassia. The meaning of the word “sacred” (from the Latin “sacer” - sacred) is cult, ritual, secret. Sacred monuments of Khakassia are part of the ethnic culture of the Khakass.
Sacred, sacred place - a place that has a sacred status; a spatial object isolated from the area of everyday life and intended for performing regular religious actions aimed at interacting with sacred entities and forces. It differs from worldly and religious spatial objects by a set of ideal (spiritual) and material (physical) characteristics. In an ideal sense, in religious consciousness, a sacred place is a value of a high order, the earthly residence of spirits and gods, the concentration of magical powers, evoking a feeling of reverence and requiring extreme respect. The presence of such characteristics in historical documents or ethnographic data allows us to identify a spatial object as a sanctuary, a sacred place.
A specific study of ancient sanctuaries shows that in most cases the places for their arrangement were not chosen arbitrarily. Man has identified places in the surrounding earthly world that evoke strong emotional reactions, awaken the imagination and stimulate intellectual activity; these loci of space corresponded to religious ideas about the habitats of spirits, gods and other “forces”, marked by the quality of holiness.
In the early stages of history, objects of the natural landscape (mountains, water sources, etc.) were labeled strictly by gender. As a result, “ancestral territories” were formed that had clear natural boundaries. When developing the territory, the most important was the landscape object (valley, mountain, lake, etc.), i.e., the place where people gathered for public events. This is how ancestral places of worship took shape.
Among the peoples of Southern Siberia, natural places where national holidays, religious ceremonies, and rituals of shamans were held were considered sacred, that is, sacred places. As a rule, sacred places are associated with the traditional worldview of the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia. As before, most of the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia (Khakas, Tuvinians, Altaians, Shors) deify nature, natural elements; in folk memory and in ritual practice, worship of various natural elements, spirits is preserved: the spirit of fire, the spirit of water, the spirit of mountains, etc. .d.
What's included in the list
In Khakassia, as in other regions of Southern Siberia, sacred places include not only sacred mountains and certain areas, but also archaeological monuments: ancient mounds, stone sculptures, etc. According to the calculations of ethnographer Viktor Butanaev, there are about 200 places of worship in Khakassia, according to According to the Council of Elders of the Republic of Khakassia, there are more than 300 of them.
The most revered sacred mountains among the Khakassian population are: Borus, Izykhskiye, Uytag, Samokhval, Chests. The mountains shaped the Khakass's idea of their territory as a mountain-steppe country, located in the center of the Sayan-Altai Highlands and surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges.
For example, Kuznetsk Alatau in the poetics of Khakass folklore is called “Ulgennig son” (Divine Range), and the Sayans are called “Khan Tigir Son” (Celestial Range).
The great mountain peaks Khan-Purgus (Borus), Khan-Praday, Kol-Taiga, Khan-Chalban and others represent the ancestral mountains from which the Khakass seoks trace their life origins. To honor the mountain spirits, shamans held rituals every three years.
Revered mountains and areas that had their own patron spirits were called “eelig chir” - literally “land that has its owner.” Usually, anomalous phenomena associated with the tricks of mountain spirits occur there. The Khakass treat such places with respect and, when passing by, always sprinkle wine or tobacco.
On mountain passes, sacred stone piles - “obaa” - were piled up in honor of the host spirits. Every person passing by is obliged to bow to them and contribute here. As a rule, men threw stones taken during the ascent, and women stuck branches from birch trees from the east.
If a person passed through the pass for the first time, then he had to tie the sacred ribbon “chalama” on the poles stuck in the piles of “obaa”, otherwise his life span would be shortened. You cannot laugh or sing songs around obaa. If there was wine, those present walked around the sacred pile of stones three times around the sun and sprinkled both with alcohol. At night it was forbidden to climb the passes.
A list of sacred places has been approved in Khakassia. In addition to sacred mountains and mountain passes, the Khakass have revered the cult of water since ancient times.
Every year at the beginning of summer, on the new moon, they prayed to water (sug tayii) at the sources of revered streams or on the banks of large rivers - Abakan, White and Black Iyus, Chulym and Yenisei. IN
In the lake region of northern Khakassia, water sacrifices were carried out on the shores of lakes. Prayer was held on lakes such as Khaara-kol (Black Lake), Os-kol (Aspen Lake), Airan-kol (Airan Lake), Tigir-kol (Heavenly Lake), etc.
In the valleys of the Abakan, Iyusov, Chulym and Yenisei rivers, the Khakass annually held Heavenly prayers. In Khakassia, more than a hundred mountains have been noted, where prayers to the Great Heaven were held on the dominant peaks, and 20 of them are called “Tigir taiychan tag” - the Mountain of Heavenly Sacrifice.
In some places, such as in the valleys of the Ulen, Kamyshta and Ninya rivers, heavenly prayers were held on different mountains every year, but after three years they returned to their original position. For example, the Kirbizhekov family spent “tigir tayii” in the first year on Mount Bytag, then on the city of Khaybytag, in the third summer on the city of Khuyulyg-tag, then everything was repeated again. In the first year, the inhabitants of the Ust-Byur aal made a heavenly sacrifice on the city of Kolergit, in the second - on the city of Chan-ssorakh, in the third - on the city of Izykh-tag in the upper reaches of the river. Uibat, and then again to Kolergit.
The Abakan Kachins (Aal Troyakov and others) organized a prayer to Heaven on Mount Saksor, on the right bank of the Uibat (a tributary of the Abakan). Residents of various seoks came to see it.
In addition to the veneration of sacred mountains, water and sky, the Khakass from ancient times worshiped burial places (the cult of ancestor worship), heavenly bodies, sacred menhirs, ancestral places, and ancient sanctuaries. Among the most revered stone sculptures, Akh-tas (white stone) and Ulug Khurtuyakh-tas (Big stone old woman) should be noted. A kilometer northeast of the village of Kazanovka, on the left bank of the Askiz River, until the sixties of the twentieth century, the picturesque rock Inei-tas (Stone Old Woman) rose. This place has two more names: Iney-khaya (Old Woman Rock) and Iney-pairs (the foot of Iney). This monument had two meanings: it was the ancestral mountain of the Mainagashevs and the patron of cattle breeding for the entire local population.
This is not a complete list of sacred places in Khakassia, which have been revered since ancient times and are revered by modern Khakassians, where traditionally shamans conduct rituals of sacrifice and worship of spirits and ancestors. In total, as we have already noted, the congress approved 96 sacred places of the Khakass people.
MENHIRS
The secret of the menhirs of Khakassia
The study of the locations of menhirs using geophysics and dowsing methods in Khakassia began at the end of the twentieth century. Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Ya.I. took part in the research. Sunchugashev and I, geophysicist engineer. Such work was carried out during 1977 - 1999 under the program of the Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History. In total, 25 sites of ancient sculptures were studied.
Menhirs are free-standing stone sculptures, near which sacrifices, religious rituals and other mysterious ceremonial actions were performed five to four thousand years ago. Menhirs still contain many unsolved secrets and are fraught with amazing discoveries.
Man has created the most complex technical systems; he can fly in spacecraft and explore the depths of the World Ocean, “catch” fractions of a second and split atoms. But while admiring the amazing discoveries in the field of technical progress, one should remember that all this was generated by man and his extraordinary capabilities. Apparently, it is no coincidence that in ancient times man was called a microcosm - the earthly embodiment of the mind of the Universe. Many scientists have proven that our capabilities are far from being fully revealed; they are expanding not only due to scientific and technological progress, but are also replenished by non-traditional ways of understanding the world.
One of them is dowsing, or in the modern concept - dowsing. The human body constantly experiences the complex effects of various geophysical fields - electromagnetic, gravitational, radioactive, and so on. It was the active reaction of the frame in the hands of the biolocator near the menhirs that made us look for the reasons for this phenomenon. Dowsing anomalies near menhirs are very impressive, and the effect observed here is very unexpected, still unknown to science. This anomalous effect indicates that menhirs are located on energetic areas of the earth's surface.
Menhirs have attracted and continue to attract the attention of storytellers, experts and folklore performers. In the course of the story about the outstanding heroes of the epic, storytellers skillfully introduced into poetic works the power of influence of menhirs on the world around them. Thus, in the legend “Ai Khuchin” it is said: “Having climbed a high stone ridge from the foot of a crooked menhir, he looked into the distance, and when he looked, he discovered that the copper menhir was the umbilical cord of the earth.”
Apparently, the Khakass considered the places where they placed menhirs to be sacred and unusual. In the legend “Khan Kichigei” it is reported that at the source of the light-stone river there is a white stone (ah tas), which the heroes passing here must lift; many of them, unable to lift the white stone, died. However, the hero, before lifting it, rode on horseback drove around this stone three times. The legend about three ceremonial circles around the white stone is consistent with the reports of the first scientist-traveler who visited Khakassia and Siberia, D.G. Messerschmidt, he noted in his diary on August 18, 1722 that “after an hour’s drive, very close to these graves, I finally reached a statue widely known among these peoples... Khurtuyakh, located in the hilly steppe.
I immediately sketched it and later attached the drawing to these notes. Khurtuyakh is carved out of gray sandstone and dug into the ground at an angle. From behind you could see hanging thick braids woven from hair, in the same way as Kalmyk and Tatar women wear them... The pagan Tatars from Yes Beltyr, who provided me with horses, showed great honor to this old woman; each of them circled around her three times... they placed food in the grass closer to the pedestal so that she could use the food in accordance with her appetite.” He further notes that the statue is revered among the indigenous population, they bring river pebbles as a gift, smear its mouth with oil, fat, milk and ask for health. Young women are being treated for infertility.
We are not alone in conducting such pagan rituals. Thus, in Belarus, the “Grandfather” stone (an exhibit of the boulder museum in Minsk) once played a big role in the spiritual life of the people, for even a century and a half ago people came to him, seeking help in trouble. The stone “Grandfather” was presented with honey, milk, wine - poured onto the top of the boulder. When a woman was seriously ill, she would put an apron on the boulder for 33 days. Another example is the famous boulders “Demyan” and “Marya”, located on the outskirts of the village of Perezhir, Minsk region. They were believed to have miraculous powers, capable of healing the paralytic, the lame, and the deaf. The Valuns brought rich donations: flax, wool, bread, piglets, calves, sheep, money. It was believed that the result would be favorable if one made a pilgrimage to the stones at a certain time. Such a ritual is one to one similar to the ritual performed by the Khakass at the Khurtuyakh menhir.
The Church was for the most part tolerant of the inhabitants' customs. Moreover, crosses, chapels, and temples were erected near the most famous boulders. People prayed and asked the stone to save them from trouble and illness. People went to the stone on the pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, and on Christian Trinity and Easter.
In the European part of Russia, experienced biolocators have identified a number of energy areas, the so-called places of power: Solovki, Valaam, Kizhi, the pagan temple of Uksa on the right bank of Ladoga, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where the cell of Sergius of Radonezh is located. Thus, the famous “place of power” of Solovki is on Bolshoi Zayatsky Island, where the famous “northern labyrinths”, built by an unknown people, are located. The people who penetrated into these structures observed a kind of “leveling” of body functions: for example, in 10 - 15 minutes, high blood pressure returned to normal and at the same time a surge of vitality could occur.
Within Khakassia, we studied the sites of menhirs only in the territories of the Ust-Abakan, Askiz and Bogradsky districts. All studied menhirs are located in geopathogenic zones, which are associated with fault zones of the earth's crust. Geopathogenic zones are areas of the earth's surface that emit a flow of energy hitherto unknown to science. As a rule, the width of these zones is insignificant and varies from 10 to 50 meters, and the length is many hundreds of meters, and in some cases kilometers. Based on the shape and strength of the impact of these fields on the biolocator, we divided geopathogenic zones into two types: high-frequency (negative), when the vector of the measured field is directed “fan-shaped” (in these places there is an “imbalance” of the human biofield, which ultimately leads to pathology), and low-frequency (positive), where the sinusoidal shape of the dowsing effect curves appears, while the direction of the vector of the measured field in one part of the anomaly is fixed strictly vertically downward, in the other - upward. In these places, the human biofield is aligned, which contributes to its healing.
For simplicity of narration, we will call geopathogenic zones of the second type “places of power.” Three such places have so far been identified on the territory of Khakassia: the site of the stone sculpture Ulug Khurtuyakh Tas, which is located on the 134th kilometer of the Abakan-Abaza highway in the Askizsky district, where a museum has now been created complex. Here, biolocation survey determined that the stone sculpture was installed by ancient people within the low-frequency geopathogenic zone in its positive epicentral part. The identified low-frequency geopathogenic zone has a sinusoidal shape and a width of about 20 meters, with its long axis oriented to the northeast. here is about 450 conventional units. As already noted, people turned to Khurtuyakh for various ailments, they were also treated for infertility, and even now this “place of power” is not empty; tens of thousands of people visit it every year.
The second is the site of two menhirs - the Big Gate, which is located in the Ust-Abakan region, two kilometers northeast of the Big Salbyk Mound. Dowsing studies revealed that these monoliths were installed in a low-frequency geopathogenic zone, which was 23 meters wide. The dowsing anomaly in this place has a sinusoidal shape with an intensity of 450 conventional units. At the same time, the menhirs are installed on the “inflection” line of the curve. The stone on the right side (if you look at it from the south) has a depression in the shape of a human body. This depression was formed from the “friction” of people on the stone, who came here for thousands of years for treatment or to perform some ceremonial rituals. On the end part of the monolith there is a tamga in the form of an outline of a human body with three rays emanating from the head. Everything indicates that this “place of power” was used by ancient people to eliminate certain ailments.
The third place is the territory of the Small Palace of the ancient Khakassian state: on the 34th kilometer of the Abakan-Askiz highway, 50 meters east of the highway. Here, literally five meters from the southeastern corner of the “palace” excavation, a linear low-frequency geopathogenic zone 18 meters wide in a northeastern direction was identified. The anomaly has a sinusoidal shape with an intensity of up to 800 conventional units. There is no doubt that the place for the construction of the palace complex was not chosen by chance. Apparently, this place was revered by ancient people, and it was previously recorded with a menhir. But with the passage of time, the stone was lost, most likely “reused” in the construction of burial grounds, as often happened in the Tagar and later eras. Many researchers believe that there was a hospital here. Whether this is true or not, one thing is clear: the dowsing anomaly in this place is identical in shape, structure and intensity to the anomalies identified at the cult places of Ulug Khurtuyakh Tas and the Big Gate, which were used for medicinal purposes. Therefore, today it became necessary to record this anomalous zone by placing a corresponding stone statue here. This work was carried out by the Republican Council of Elders of the Khakass people and its chairman Vladislav Torosov, installing a granite menhir called Abchakh tas (stone grandfather).
For preventive and therapeutic purposes, I recommend that readers of the newspaper visit, if possible, “places of power” and stay there for at least 15-20 minutes. I advise you to bring containers of water with you and place them in the anomalous zone, since under the influence of the force field the water molecules will be arranged in a certain order - that is, the water will become structured, the use of which will continue to contribute to the healing process.
The mention of the Koshkulak cave in an interview with the “white” shaman Tatyana Kobezhikova interested many readers living outside Khakassia, but who had already heard about the mysterious dungeon. Their request is to tell us more about it. Freelance correspondent for AiF on the Yenisei, Viktor Melnikov, has long been collecting interesting observations from visitors to the mysterious cave.
This place is known all over the world. It is officially included in the top five “most terrible” places on the globe. Anomalous scientists call this mysterious void in the mountain range somewhat pompously: the cave of the black devil. Its geographical name does not sound so menacing - Koshkulak Cave. The name was given to it by one of the peaks of the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau - Koshkulak. From the village of Shira it is a little more than 20 kilometers.
place of black rites
Young "old lady"
I first heard about this cave about 15 years ago from my acquaintances, speleologists, brothers Nikolai and Vladimir Savchenko. Returning from another trip to the caves of the Kuznetsk Alatau, they told me terrible stories about half-decayed human bones found in the cave, about the shadows and sounds of a shaman’s tambourine, about the causeless horror that they experienced while passing a certain section of this cave. The brothers also told a story that they, in turn, heard on the hike:
“In the 1960s, a group of 20 students climbed into this damn hole. Only two students came out of it. And then one girl in a violent, insane state was picked up by hunters not far from the cave. She bit and screamed something incoherent. She was immediately hidden The second student went crazy “quietly.” At night, she was discovered by the police of the village of Sedovlasaya, with a deathly face, her lips bitten in blood, she was walking along the dark streets of the village. In her hands, the girl was clutching some kind of stone figurine. , which she did not want to give up for anything. Without stopping for a second, she whispered something very quickly and passionately. And this girl was sent to a house of grief, where she “burned out” for a month from some mysterious illness.
Doctors were never able to establish the cause of death - the patient, who was rapidly losing weight, was, although insane, absolutely healthy. Under the mattress of the young “old lady” who had given up her last breath, the nurse discovered a small stone figurine..."
Fox hat with horns
I admit, I didn’t believe the storytellers then. He even mocked them, accompanying their story with what seemed to me witty comments: how much did the brothers drink before listening to such tales? However, about six months passed, and my friends again went on another trip to Koshkulak. The group of 30 people were mostly schoolchildren - it was the November holidays. Our tourists spent about three days near the cave. The first two expeditions underground went smoothly.
The schoolchildren, who had heard about the horrors of Koshkulak and dreamed of thrills, were disappointed. On the third day, before breaking up the camp, they asked the adults to “run through the cave” for the last time. After they walked around all the grottoes, including the Grotto of Skeletons, where, according to eyewitnesses, the incredible usually happens, the guys were already getting ready to go up.
At this moment, everyone suddenly felt a chilling surge of horror. The schoolchildren rushed to the exit, pushing away equally frightened parents and teachers...
Already in the light of the sun, when fear had subsided, the pioneers and their guides began vying with each other to share what they had imagined in the depths of the cave. Each, as it turned out, had its own “appearance” of horror. Some saw a creepy monster with the body of a bear and a bloody human skull instead of a head, others saw huge crows sitting on a pile of bones, the third “appeared” (to my acquaintances as speleologists) a disgusting old shaman in a dirty fox hat with horns, beating a tambourine and making intricate body movements. With gestures he seemed to be calling...
Some time after the group returned home, one of the participants in the hike, a sixth-grader, was found hanged in the attic of his own house. He left a posthumous note with very strange content. The boy wrote about some kind of stone devil, about dark holes and madness. And at the end: "... die, but remember the stones." The parents of the deceased boy claimed that this phrase was written in a different handwriting.
Burning look
Back in the 1980s, scientists from the Novosibirsk Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine became interested in the Koshkulak cave and rumors about ghosts living in its depths. Expeditions were sent to study the phenomenon of the cave.
Perhaps for the first time, scientists recognized that the visions were not just the fantasies of excursionists afraid of the dark. In 1985, an employee of the institute, Konstantin Vakulin, and a group of speleologists examined the grottoes. After several hours of work, people flocked to the exit. Konstantin was the last to go. I secured the rope to a special belt and prepared to climb. And suddenly I felt a gaze on me. The scientist was overcome with heat. The first impulse is to run! But my legs didn’t obey me. It was incredibly scary to see what was going on behind my back. And yet, as if in a state of hypnosis, obeying someone else’s will, he turned his head and saw about five meters away from him... an elderly shaman.
The same thing, from the stories of my speleologist friends: flowing clothes; a shaggy hat with horns, burning eyes and smooth, inviting movements of his hands - they say, come, follow me! Not succumbing to the “persuasions” of the cave shaman, he quite possibly avoided the fate of those who had once died or lost their minds.
Another member of the expedition, Nikolai Kamanov, witnessed almost the same visions.
Having summarized the evidence received, scientists have suggested that all these hallucinations, unconscious, panicky fear, of course, are not the machinations of a dark force, but the result of a completely material external influence. It is known, for example, that infrasound with a frequency of about 6 hertz can cause a feeling of indescribable horror.
A special laboratory was set up in one of the grottoes of the black devil’s cave. Researchers conducted experiments there and carried out various measurements. As a result, a geomagnetic anomaly was identified. The electromagnetic field in the cave is constantly fluctuating. Even at the initial stage of the study, scientists noticed that among other signals a strictly defined impulse was steadily breaking through. Sometimes it was recorded as single, but sometimes it came in “bundles.” And always with the same amplitude. It happened that the signal disappeared for two or three days, or even a week, but then invariably returned.
Sacred Stalagmite
Mysterious lighthouse
Scientists wondered: where do these strange impulses come from? After a series of experiments, it was found that they were making their way from the depths of the cave. It was decided to check whether these impulses were connected with eerie visions appearing to those who found themselves in the cave. The time at which the impulses were recorded coincided exactly with the moment when people became nervous and depressed, turning into panic.
The pulses, as scientists expected, turned out to be low-frequency. The very ones that are not perceived by the human ear, but have an impact on all living things, including the human psyche. But where are they coming from? The institute's staff has no doubt that only an artificial emitter can generate pulses of such a frequency with a stable oscillation amplitude. But where does it come from in the remote taiga, deep underground? Scientists examined the entire cave, went down to the most hidden corners - in vain. The search for an artificial emitter was unsuccessful. The mysterious lighthouse, if it exists in nature, is located even deeper.
As for hallucinations (and scientists consider creepy visions to be just harmless “glitches”), the study participants agreed on this version: the perception of non-existent objects as real can be caused by some unusual chemical mixture present in the air filling the cave. However, what kind of mixture this is and how much it has been studied is not yet known. The following question remains open: why does the vision “come” to many in the guise of a shaman? With hallucinations this should not be the case - this, like dreams, is an “exclusive” phenomenon. However, one-time expeditions probably could not dispel all the myths. The perestroika that began at that time raised much more pressing questions. So the solution to the secrets of the black devil’s cave is probably ahead. In the meantime, in the absence of a materialistic justification for what is happening in the dungeon, ancient legends are passed down from mouth to mouth, along with heartbreaking stories.
Shaman's Revenge
ONE of them was shared in the previous issue of “AiF on the Yenisei” by the “white” shaman Tatyana Kobezhikova. Once upon a time, a shaman was buried not far from this cave. People disturbed his peace, and he punishes them by appearing to them in a dream, or even in reality, in the form of a man in strange clothes, dragging them along with him. According to local rumors, the spirit of an ancient Khakass shaman lives in the Grotto of Ghosts, which is adjacent to the Grotto of Skeletons.
According to another legend, the Koshkulak cave was a cult place among the ancient Khakassians. Here the pagans worshiped not only the phallus as a symbol of procreation - an ancient fire pit was preserved around a natural stalagmite in the shape of a phallus. Here, according to legend, the ancestors of the Khakass worshiped the black devil and made sacrifices to their gods, including human ones. This legend is supported by the ancient altar that has survived to this day. Those who believe in this legend believe that over the centuries the cave has absorbed the dark energy of ancient shamans, which, guarding its secrets, spills out from time to time on overly curious guests of the cave.
Grotto Skeleton
Kolchak's Gold
Myths associated with the Koshkulak Cave not only do not die, but are also born. In booklets for tourists, for example, they will share with you assumptions that Kolchak’s gold is hidden in one of the grottoes of the black devil’s cave, that the secret weapons warehouse of “father” Solovyov is lost here. Faithful Leninists cannot help but be touched by this version: the young commander of the Uzhur Chonovites, Arkasha Golikov, received his legendary nickname Gaidar at the entrance to this cave.
Road to hell
One of the most mysterious places in Khakassia is the Koshkulak cave. This mysterious place is located high in the mountains near the remote taiga village of Topanovo, Shirinsky district. It is dangerous to enter the cave without an experienced speleologist or a local guide - no joke - an almost vertical descent of about three hundred meters. And getting to the cave is not so easy - not every car can handle the poor gravel road. Then you have to walk up the mountain on foot through the taiga. And in those places there are all kinds of living creatures in bulk. Whether you will meet the soul of a shaman or not is another question, but it’s easy to see a brown bear.
I tried to persuade some of the local residents to take me to this cave - it was useless. You don't need any money. They say that if a black shaman drags you in, he won’t let you go.
Koshkulak is considered a cult place. Some say that people were once sacrificed in this cave (children or young women were killed there - no one can say for sure), and now this place has a very bad reputation. They say that ruined souls cannot find peace and take revenge on the living for their joyless existence.
More than one scientific expedition visited there, some even saw this very black shaman, about whom the locals talk. One researcher, who did not want to be named, told the following story:
“Our group went down to Koshkulak to check. The cave is not the deepest; in the Shirinsky district there are deeper and more beautiful ones. And this one is really kind of black, we didn’t find any human bones there, but there were a lot of animal bones there. Maybe they come here to die. The sensations in this cave were not pleasant, but we did not notice any obvious manifestations of anything special. Almost our entire group went upstairs. I was the last in the chain and was left alone in the cave for some time. Suddenly I felt someone's gaze on me. He turned around and was stunned: a creature separated from the wall - either a man or an animal - a body that looked like a human, on his face there was something like a black mask, and on his head there were twisted horns. This creature looks at me and beckons with its finger. As if spellbound, I reached for the rope to untie the knot. At this time, someone from above called out to me, I woke up and pulled the rope with all my might. What was it - a dream or reality? But I continued to walk under the impression for a long time. Sometimes I later dreamed about this shaman (this is how the locals describe the black shaman). No, I won’t go into this cave again.”
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One of the subjects of the Russian Federation is the Republic of Khakassia. It is located in the Siberian Federal District and borders the Kemerovo region, the Krasnoyarsk region and the Republics of Tyva and Altai.
The Republic of Khakassia is famous for its rivers - the Yenisei, Abakan, Tomyu, White and Black Iyus.
Flora of Khakassia
The flora of Khakassia is quite unique and unusual. Both plants familiar to all people grow here, as well as species little studied by man. Here you can see both steppe and meadow vegetation, as well as high mountain and taiga areas.
As a rule, mountain taiga belts are suitable for the growth of dark coniferous and subalpine pine forests. In such forests, round-leaf birch, wild rosemary, Altai honeysuckle, bush alder and gray willow are often found. Also growing here are lingonberries and blueberries. And in the grass stand there are: hairy geranium, ortilia, bergenia, Siberian geranium.
Cedar and fir grow in taiga dark coniferous forests. And the undergrowth is: Daurian rhododendron, marsh rosemary, Altai honeysuckle, spirea, currant, rowan and alder.
Mixed valley forests are characterized by the presence of birch, cedar, fir, spruce, willow, larch and aspen. In the undergrowth there are: low birch, Kuril tea, currants, spirea, alder and other types of plants.
The high mountain belt consists of cedar woodlands, alpine meadows and mountain tundras. The soil of these places is suitable for the growth of cedar and fir. The undergrowth also includes birch, honeysuckle, alder, and juniper.
The following shrubs are found here: dwarf birch, willow, and alder.
The tundras of the Republic of Khakassia can also be classified as shrub, lichen, herbaceous tundras. A large number of plants grow in them - sedges, white-flowered geranium, shulzia. Also found here are sheep's fescue, daffodil anemone, dryad and Turchaninov's cross.
The steppe vegetation of the Republic of Khakassia is also diverse. Gray panzeria, thyme, cold wormwood, teresken, kochia, and snakehead grow here. Also, steppe territories are famous for their caragana, a dwarf small-turf grass. Steppe herbs include: fescue, tonkonogo, feather grass, bluegrass, sedge, speedwell, asters, onions and many other plants.
Fauna of Khakassia
The Republic of Khakassia shelters many different species of animals in its open spaces.
Among the mammals found here are: Djungarian hamsters, European hares, voles, long-tailed gophers, and moles. Here you can also find mink and muskrat. The permanent inhabitants of these places are: steppe pied, narrow-skulled vole, shrew and badger.
Also inhabiting these places are foxes, wolves, brown bears, lynxes, and wolverines.
Large animals of Khakassia include roe deer, Sayan reindeer, moose, musk deer and deer.
The world of reptiles in Khakassia is quite diverse. It is inhabited by: viviparous lizards, common vipers, copperheads and patterned snakes.
The world of birds deserves special attention. Each natural zone of Khakassia shelters different species of birds. Here you can find: quail, bearded partridge, stonechat, and warbler. Near the ponds you can see short-eared owls, demoiselle cranes, mallards, pintails and gray ducks.
In the steppe areas there are lapwings, yellow wagtails, and soots. Representatives of the steppe world of birds are red-eared buntings and horned larks.
Birds of prey are also found in Khakassia - black kite, hawk and falcon.
Their bats are inhabited here by pond bats, water bats and long-whiskered bats, long-eared bats, northern bats and two-colored bats.
The water world of Khakassia is not deprived of the presence of inhabitants. The waters of the steppe territories are rich in chum salmon, trout, peled, bream, and Siberian vendace. Also common here are: omul, carp, pike perch, and verkhovka. Native fish are: perch, pike, crucian carp, roach and lake minnow.
Climate in Khakassia
Spring begins in April and ends in May. During this period, the snow cover melts, and the average air temperature ranges from 4 to 15 degrees Celsius.
Summer comes to Khakassia in June. The air temperature ranges from 18 to 24 degrees, and the absolute maximum is +38 degrees. August is characterized by precipitation in the form of rain showers.
September and October are the autumn months of Khakassia. The air temperature begins to drop to +10 and below. Already in October, night frosts return, and snow falls in November.
Winter in Khakassia is quite cold. The coldest point in January is -52 degrees. As a rule, winters are dry, with severe and persistent frosts. Snow cover forms already in early November and lasts until early April.
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Symbolism of the flag of the Republic of Khakassia The blue color represents beauty and greatness. White color symbolizes purity of thoughts, snow, peace. Red denotes courage, courage, readiness to defend the Fatherland. Green color symbolizes life. The solar sign is a symbol of the sun, growth, life and traditions of the people.
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Coat of arms of the Republic of Khakassia The state coat of arms of the Republic of Khakassia is an image in a silver field of a scarlet (red) shield of the Amazons, thinly bordered with greenery and with a gold thread-like inner border, burdened with a silver walking winged leopard “on alert”, thinly bordered and decorated with gold and inscribed in the inner border. The shield is accompanied at the top by a golden, externally thinly bordered solar sign - a symbol of the Universe and is surrounded by a wreath of two scarlet birch branches with green foliage. At the bottom of the wreath, in the space between the branches, a Khakass ornament made in gold is depicted on a green ribbon. All historical versions of the coat of arms of Khakassia contain the following elements: leopard, birch leaves.
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Republic of Khakassia The Republic of Khakassia is a subject of the Russian Federation and is part of the Siberian Federal District. In the north, east and southeast, Khakassia borders on the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - on the Republic of Tyva, in the southwest - on the Altai Republic, in the west - on the Kemerovo region. Administrative center Abakan Population 570.0 thousand people Area 61.9 thousand km2
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Natural conditions Climate The climate is sharply continental, with dry hot summers and cold winters with little snow. The average air temperature in July is 17°C, in January -18°C. Main natural resources The Republic of Khakassia is one of the oldest mining regions in eastern Russia. On its territory, the extraction of iron, molybdenum, gold, coal, mineral and radon waters, non-metallic minerals: barite, bentonite, facing marbles and granites, building materials is carried out. Deposits of copper, polymetals, phosphorites, asbestos, gypsum, jade, and jade have been explored.
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Municipal districts of the Republic of Khakassia: Altaisky, Askizsky, Beysky, Bogradsky, Ordzhonikidze, Tashtypsky, Ust-Abakansky, Shirinsky. The largest cities: Abakan, Chernogorsk, Sayanogorsk, Abaza, Sorsk.
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The Republic of Khakassia. The Republic of Khakassia is located in the southern part of central Siberia, in the valleys of the Abakan and Yenisei rivers, and occupies part of the Minusinsk and Chulym-Yenisei basins.
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The nature of Khakassia is unique. The Republic of Khakassia is distinguished by its wealth of mineral, forest and water resources. The total area of the forest fund is 61% of the territory of the republic. The main forest-forming species in the Republic of Khakassia are cedar, fir, pine, spruce, larch, birch and aspen. The most valuable are cedar forests (31% of the forest fund). The forests contain the most valuable species of wild medicinal plants that are in high demand.
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Rivers and lakes of Khakassia. Khakassia has significant resources of fresh groundwater and surface water. In Khakassia there are more than 320 large and small rivers, about 1000 lakes, 26 reservoirs. Khakassia has significant resources of fresh groundwater and surface water. In Khakassia there are more than 320 large and small rivers, about 1000 lakes, 26 reservoirs.
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The salt lakes in the republic are of particular value. There are more than 100 of them in the republic. Currently, 24 reservoirs with a mineralization of more than 10 g/dm3 have been identified on the territory of the republic, which can be used for baths and bathing for medicinal purposes. Recognition of the unique potential of salt lakes, natural healing resources, historical monuments. For example, Lake SHIRA is an all-Russian health resort.
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Tourism in Khakassia Tourism in Khakassia is developing on the basis of monuments of archaeology, history, culture, architecture, and industrial facilities. Of particular value are the remains of ancient burial sites - burial mounds, ancient settlements, stone sculptures. Experts call Khakassia an “archaeological Mecca.”
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Siberian Switzerland. The Republic of Khakassia has unique opportunities for the development of tourism. On its territory, on the spurs of the Eastern Sayan and Kuznetsk Alatau, the water flow of the two largest Russian rivers Yenisei and Ob with more than 3,000 small and large watercourses, the Krasnoyarsk and Sayan reservoirs, is formed. Taiga massifs with a total area of about 4 million hectares conceal untold riches of fauna and flora. Here you can admire and get acquainted with various geographical zones, ranging from sultry steppes to eternal snow-capped ridges with elevation changes of up to 200-2500 meters above sea level. The Khakassian taiga is quite deservedly called Siberian Switzerland.
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Lakes of Khakassia Khakassia is really famous for its lakes - Tus, Bele, Utichye, Itkul, Shira, Khankul, Ulukgol, Shunet and others - and each lake has its own purpose from a medicinal point of view. Holidays on the lakes of Khakassia are quite decent and healthy - with swimming and sunbathing. The lakes of Khakassia are relaxation and treatment. The following lakes deserve attention: Bele - a double lake, consisting of salty and fresh parts; Tus is the saltiest lake; Lake Utichye - surrounded on all sides by mountains; Shira - you can not only swim in it, but also go to archaeological excavations or to a cave; Ulukgol - it can be considered a kind of ornithological reserve; Khankul - underground springs are located nearby; Lake Shunet with healing mud and others.
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The Red Book of Khakassia part I was published in 2002, and part II in 2004. On the territory of Khakassia, 187 plant species are rare and endangered, which is 12% of the number of species growing on the territory of the republic.
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The Red Book of Khakassia includes 125 species of angiosperms, 1 species of gymnosperms, 10 species of ferns, 10 species of bryophytes, 12 species of lichens and 10 species of fungi. For each plant species included in the Red Book, its status is indicated. The species status is a threatened category adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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On the territory of Khakassia there are 128 rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book. Of these, the class of insects includes 21 species, fish - 6 species, amphibians - 3 species, reptiles - 3 species, birds - 79 species and mammals 16 species. For each species of animal included in the Red Book, its own category of rarity status is indicated
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Protected places. Rare species of the ichthyofauna of Khakassia include Siberian sturgeon, nelma, and sterlet.
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Tuim failure Tuim is a small village 20 km from the regional center of Shir and 190 km from Abakan, once, at the end of the 19th century, a small Khakass ulus of 10-12 yurts. The mine, known today as the Tuimsky failure, appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was then called Kiyalykh-Uzen. Previously, it was a mountain, and in it there was a mine for the extraction of copper ore. In 1954, all the mines on this mountain, out of harm’s way, were blown up. After the explosion, the central part of the mountain with a diameter of about 300 meters fell down to a depth of more than 100 meters, resulting in the formation of the Tuimsky failure.
Information, description, photographs and other useful information about Khakassia
Khakassia is a place of power, a zone of comfort and attraction
Khakassia has everything what a traveler could want: high snow-capped mountains, forests where no one has gone before, cool and clean rivers, endless fragrant steppes and a huge number of different bodies of water.
The mountains, whose height reaches 3000 meters, hide a lot of interesting things. The purest rivers, originating in the Sayan Mountains, carry their waters to the largest artery of Khakassia - Abakan River, and then into the deepest river in Russia - Yenisei. The water resources of Khakassia are complemented by 300 lakes, salty and fresh, the most famous of which are the healing lakes Shira, Belyo and Khankul. But despite the fact that the mountainous landscape occupies almost two-thirds of the republic, the truly Khakass landscape is a dry, hard, endless steppe, with mounds scattered throughout its territory. A favorable climate, a rare combination of dry steppe air and a large number of fresh and mineral lakes have been attracting people since ancient times.
About 30 thousand historical monuments are under the Khakass sky - ancient settlements, mounds, rock paintings, menhirs with runic writings of ancient Khakass, sanctuaries.
The oldest observatory of Khakassia - Chests
Salbyk mound
Not far from the capital of Khakassia is the Valley of the Kings, a place where several cultures passed. The main attraction of the Valley of the Kings is, built in the 4th century BC.
Nature of Khakassia
Mountains occupy two-thirds of the republic's territory. Kuznetsk Alatau in the east and Western Sayan in the south. The mountains are covered with dark coniferous taiga, there are sharp peaks and snow-capped chars. Steppes fill the intermountain space - the Khakass-Minusinsk basin with flat and hilly relief forms. It is in the steppes that traces of ancient civilizations are concentrated.
The climate in Khakassia is sharply continental, which is expressed in cold winters with little snow, warm springs, hot and dry summers, and long autumns.
Natural barriers - mountains protecting the territory from cold air masses form their own microclimate, which allows the cultivation of watermelons, apricots, apples, and grapes. Agriculture and livestock farming are the main activities in Khakassia.
Population of Khakassia
The indigenous inhabitants of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin are the Khakass, a Turkic-speaking people. According to the anthropological type, the Khakass belong to the Mongoloid race with an admixture of Caucasians.
The Khakass are a peace-loving and hospitable people with a vibrant, distinctive culture based on shamanism and Manichaeism. Today, the indigenous population makes up just over 11% of the total population of the Republic. 85% of Khakass retained their native language.
Souvenirs of Khakassia
Capital of Khakassia
from which a magnificent panorama opens up to the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir, the region of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge with a beautiful golden lake valley and smooth passes, and of course the world famous ERGAKI mountain range,
due to its beauty and accessibility, it has become a Mecca of mountain tourism and rock climbing for the whole of Siberia. The beauty of the peaks and gorges, waterfalls and lakes cannot be underestimated, and it is difficult to believe that so many natural wonders are located in just 50 square meters. km! The main attraction is the profile of the Sleeping Sayan - a mythical hero, as well as the Hanging Stone - a 300-ton colossus swinging over the abyss.
Rafting, rafting
Rafting rivers flow through the territory of Khakassia and the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Convenient transportation and the beauty of the surrounding nature attract many rafting enthusiasts. For beginners - rafting on the Kazyr River with the passage of the Gulyaevsky rapids.
Caves
Caves are another pride of Khakassia. There are more than 160 of them. The karst area of the Shirinsky district, known among speleologists as Cheese-from-holes, is especially rich in caves. The most famous are the cult cave of the black devil “Kashkulakskaya” and “Pandora’s Box” (about 13 km), and for beginner tourists we would recommend the Borodino and Archaeological caves.
Excursion routes
Khakassia is a country of antiquities and contrasts, where nomadic yurts coexist with advanced enterprises. Excursions around Khakassia are not only an acquaintance with ancient history - the “Temple of Time” (Chests), ethnicity and culture, but also admiration for the scope of engineering in its creation.
There are many excursion programs lasting from 1 to 10 days. Good organization, short trips, as well as the beauty of excursion sites will help you satisfy your curiosity and add to your collection of impressions!
Objective: Nature protection and respect for it. Goals: 1) Instilling a love for nature and the environment around us. 2) Be able to use the Red Book of Khakassia. 3) Expand the children’s horizons and curiosity about the nature of Khakassia. 4) Development of an environmental direction (against environmental pollution) in relation to all life on Earth.
Republic of Khakassia The Republic of Khakassia is a subject of the Russian Federation and is part of the Siberian Federal District. In the north, east and southeast, Khakassia borders on the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the south - on the Republic of Tyva, in the southwest - on the Altai Republic, in the west - on the Kemerovo region. Administrative center Abakan Population 570.0 thousand people Area 61.9 thousand km2
Natural conditions Climate The climate is sharply continental, with dry hot summers and cold winters with little snow. The average air temperature in July is 17°C, in January -18°C. Main natural resources The Republic of Khakassia is one of the oldest mining regions in eastern Russia. On its territory, the extraction of iron, molybdenum, gold, coal, mineral and radon waters, non-metallic minerals: barite, bentonite, facing marbles and granites, building materials is carried out. Deposits of copper, polymetals, phosphorites, asbestos, gypsum, jade, and jade have been explored.
The nature of Khakassia is unique.
The Republic of Khakassia is distinguished by its wealth of mineral, forest and water resources. The total area of the forest fund is 61% of the territory of the republic. The main forest-forming species in the Republic of Khakassia are cedar, fir, pine, spruce, larch, birch and aspen. The most valuable are cedar forests (31% of the forest fund). The forests contain the most valuable species of wild medicinal plants that are in high demand.
The salt lakes in the republic are of particular value. There are more than 100 of them in the republic. Currently, 24 reservoirs with a mineralization of more than 10 g/dm3 have been identified on the territory of the republic, which can be used for baths and bathing for medicinal purposes. Recognition of the unique potential of salt lakes, natural healing resources, historical monuments. For example, Lake SHIRA is an all-Russian health resort.
Lakes of Khakassia Khakassia is really famous for its lakes - Tus, Bele, Utichye, Itkul, Shira, Khankul, Ulukgol, Shunet and others - and each lake has its own purpose from a medicinal point of view. Holidays on the lakes of Khakassia are quite decent and healthy - with swimming and sunbathing. The lakes of Khakassia are relaxation and treatment. The following lakes deserve attention: Bele - a double lake, consisting of salty and fresh parts; Tus is the saltiest lake; Lake Utichye - surrounded on all sides by mountains; Shira - you can not only swim in it, but also go to archaeological excavations or to a cave; Ulukgol - it can be considered a kind of ornithological reserve; Khankul - underground springs are located nearby; Lake Shunet with healing mud and others.
The Red Book of Khakassia includes 125 species of angiosperms, 1 species of gymnosperms, 10 species of ferns, 10 species of bryophytes, 12 species of lichens and 10 species of fungi. For each plant species included in the Red Book, its status is indicated. The species status is a threatened category adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
On the territory of Khakassia there are 128 rare and endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book. Of these, the class of insects includes 21 species, fish - 6 species, amphibians - 3 species, reptiles - 3 species, birds - 79 species and mammals 16 species. For each species of animal included in the Red Book, its own category of rarity status is indicated
Museum-reserve "Cazanovka". There is a legend about the appearance of this stone. The old woman (Iney) and the old man (Apsakh) brought their people to the happy valley - they stopped and looked around: they liked the place. We decided to live here, but Iney said that the aal should be placed to the right of Mount Aar Tag, and Apsakh liked the left side more. They argued for a long time and got into a fight. Frost won. In anger, she pushed the old man so hard that he flew across the river and fell on the top of Mount Aar Tag. The old man turned to stone out of resentment. You can still see it now - on the top of the mountain rises a stone rock (it is called Apsakh tas, Stone Old Man), the silhouette of which surprisingly resembles an offended old man. Frost was very upset by her husband’s insult - she moved a little to the side, sat down... and also turned to stone. On the territory of Khakassia, the “Chazy” and “Maly Abakan” nature reserves (predecessors of the “Khakassky” nature reserve) were created. It was organized in 1994. It was headed by Ph.D. Yu.I. Kustov.
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