Birds live well in the Belarusian Pushcha. Belovezhskaya Pushcha
1. Belovezhskaya Pushcha- one of the main attractions of the country and the real pride of Belarusians. Since 1992, by decision of UNESCO, Belovezhskaya Pushcha has been included in the list of World Heritage Sites.
2. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the remains of an ancient lowland forest that once grew throughout Europe. . Some trees in the forest are about 600 years old.
3. The Ancient Forest is one of the oldest nature reserves in the world. At the end of the 14th century, King Jagiello of Poland declared the territory of the Pushcha a nature reserve, establishing a ban on hunting. Later, the Forest Charter was issued, which prohibited logging in these places.
4. In terms of diversity of flora and fauna, Pushcha has no equal in the world. 59 species of mammals, 24 species of fish, 227 species of birds live here, 958 species of plants and 570 species of mushrooms grow. The forest is home to forest giant bison, wild boars, wolves, royal deer, foxes, beavers, martens, lynxes, and other animals that, unfortunately, are rarely found in the wild.
5. During the First World War, the territory of the Pushcha was occupied by the Germans, who mercilessly destroyed the ancient forest, having cut down as many trees in 3 years of occupation as were cut down in the previous 3 centuries.
6. You can admire the huge bison in a specially equipped enclosure. Since no one has hunted bison for a long time, the animals allow humans to get very close to them. Not so long ago, the bison population was on the verge of extinction, but thanks to the excellent conditions created in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, their population is growing so quickly that it is already creating some problems.
7. In the Museum of Nature, which is also located here, you can admire the rarest exhibits that create the real effect of being in a primeval forest. Here nature is shown as it once was, when man still hunted with a bow and spear. There are scenes that show animals hunting in the forest, for example, a wolf pack hunting a deer.
8. It was in Belovezhskaya Pushcha (in the government residence of Viskuli) that a historical agreement was signed in 1991. The USSR officially ended here.
9. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the birthplace of the Belarusian Father Frost. His beautiful forest estate is located here.
10. Belovezhskaya Pushcha took part in the world competition “7 Natural Wonders of the World” and took fifth (!) place in the “national parks and forests” category. In total, 260 attractions from more than 200 countries were presented in the competition.
There are amazing places on Earth. They are unlike anything else and therefore inspire admiration among people. These are the highest mountains, the deepest depressions in the earth, the largest waterfalls. People know many more of these most extraordinary places on our planet. I want to tell you about one of them.
This is an unusually tall old forest, so tall that it reaches right up to the clouds! Giant trees grow here: pine, spruce, birch, oak, ash, linden. This forest is located not just anywhere, but in the very center of Europe. Its name is Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
One day, something incredible happened in an ancient forest. Large black clouds that sailed here from the Atlantic Ocean literally caught on the tops of the trees and could not break away. They are stuck above the ancient forest!
What happened after that?
All life in the forest stopped. Animals and birds now did not understand when morning came and when night came. The birds stopped waking up at dawn and singing their morning songs. And the residents of Belovezhskaya Pushcha had trouble sleeping. The day and night routine was completely disrupted.
What to do? And then one of the smartest Magpies announced that they needed to fly to the nearest city to the people and ask someone for an alarm clock. The animals and birds agreed and released Magpie into the city. But when Beloboka flew up to the high-rise buildings on the outskirts of the city, she was unable to come to an agreement with anyone. Her words were like a rattle, so unintelligible and loud that no one understood anything. Apparently, the bird was very tired from the flight and was very worried. The magpie was about to fly back when her curious and very keen eyes noticed something shiny on the second floor balcony. It was a wristwatch with an alarm clock. A boy of about six forgot them there when he was playing with them. Apparently, the dad gave the old watch to his son, because he had a cell phone in his pocket. And the phone, everyone knows, has both a clock and an alarm clock.
The magpie, although she had never stolen anything from anyone before, this time grabbed the watch in her beak and carried it into the forest. The absent-minded boy didn’t even understand where he left his father’s watch, and soon he completely forgot about it.
Everyone in the forest was saved. Now in Belovezhskaya Pushcha the alarm clock rang in the morning. The birds were the first to hear his call, wake up and begin to sing morning songs. Their voices rang throughout the huge forest and woke up its inhabitants.
Gradually, everyone got used to living “by the clock” - waking up early in the morning, feeding the kids, getting food, and going back to bed in the evening. But, still, living in complete darkness, without sunlight, is very inconvenient. If you're not careful, you could bump into something in the dark and injure your paw or porch.
And then the chicks of the forest birds, which had grown up over the summer and became stronger, gathered into a large flock and flew to disperse the black clouds hanging over the forest. They flew high up and with their beaks unhooked the clouds from the treetops. That's how brave and smart the young chicks turned out to be! These little daredevils helped their parents, adult birds, and all residents of Belovezhskaya Pushcha free from darkness! Finally, it was already autumn, the huge centuries-old forest truly came to life. It became bright and festive!
Before flying to the South, migratory birds staged a big concert, as they say, “by request.” Every songbird - be it a thrush, a nightingale, a warbler or a chaffinch, a waxwing or a linnet - sang its most beautiful song, which was liked by all the inhabitants of the forest and even by the trees and flowers.
And when the holiday was over, everyone decided that now they no longer needed an alarm clock. And they asked Soroka to take the clock back to the city to return it to its original place. After all, birds are not thieves, they only temporarily borrowed their invention from people. Of course, Soroka immediately agreed and took the watch to the city. She put them on the same balcony from which she took them.
The boy went out onto the balcony, saw the clock and began to study it again. The boy already knew all the numbers, understood how the hands turned on the dial, and could even tell what time it was. And the clock showed 17 (seventeen) hours and 30 (thirty) minutes.
"Now my cartoon will start!" – the boy remembered and ran to ask his grandmother to let him turn on the TV.
This fairy tale is in Belarusian http://domarenok-t.narod.ru/stories/998.html
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The safer and more comfortable life becomes, the greater the gap between the natural habitat and the human world, the stronger the urge to return to the bosom of nature at least for a while and feel like a part of it. Hunting - a primitive duel between an animal and a hunter - long ago at the dawn of time, allowed man to survive and rise to a new level of development. Later, in the Middle Ages, hunting became the privilege of the elite, the lot of aristocrats and kings. In almost every ancient European castle you can see a hall richly decorated with hunting trophies. Today, hunting and fishing are no longer activities on which human survival directly depends. Now this is just entertainment for real men, allowing a person in the mobile computer world to escape from the urban jungle and hear the breath of nature. Returning to civilization, the hunter carries with him the primitive thrill of excitement and victory.
Thousands of hunters from Europe go on an exciting African safari and dream of hunting in the vast expanses of Siberia. But you don't have to go too far to enjoy a real hunt. In the very center of Europe there is a country where impassable forests have miraculously been preserved, in which wild animals and birds live freely.
Belarus has been famous for its hunting since the Middle Ages. The Grand Dukes of Lithuania, the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and later the Russian emperors organized magnificent hunts in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, where for a long time there was a ban on logging and restrictions on the shooting of bison. The fame of hunting in this one of the oldest European reserves spread throughout Europe. And today, hunting in Belarus still attracts hunters from all over the world.
Belarus has excellent conditions for those who want to try their luck in hunting or fishing. The hunting grounds, which occupy about 18 million hectares, are home to more than 20 species of game animals and about 30 species of birds. Here they can prepare for you a hunt for every taste: trophy, collective, ambush, waterfowl and swamp game, driven. Highly effective and entertaining hunting is ensured by both highly qualified huntsmen and modern engineering equipment of hunting grounds, including stationary and temporary towers for trophy hunting.
In hunting farms in Belarus it is also possible to organize sports, amateur and underwater fishing.
You can also hunt and fish in the leo-hunting farms of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Braslav Lakes, Narochansky and Pripyatsky national parks. Pripyatsky National Park is located in the south of Belarus, in the center of the vast Polesie Lowland. This is an amazing land of forests and swamps, penetrated by numerous rivers and streams, slowly carrying their waters into the main water artery of the region - the Pripyat River. About 37 species of fish live in the waters of Pripyat. Pike, carp, crucian carp, pike perch, bream, catfish, perch, and sterlet are found here. The lakes of the Braslav Lakes National Park are home to 28 species of fish, among which eel is considered a special delicacy.
Spearfishing enthusiasts will appreciate the cleanliness and transparency of the lakes.
The sounds of nature, inaudible in cities, will give stress-weary city dwellers peace of mind. The crunch of a dry branch underfoot, the warning cry of a bird, the splash of fish in crystal clear water... All the fisherman’s attention is focused on the float of the fishing rod, and city concerns cease to seem so important. A few hours spent on the shore of a lake or river is a wonderful meditation.
And how much mental and physical strength, patience, attentiveness and dexterity is required for a hunter to track down and overtake the desired prey! The chilly silence of the morning forest, the chomping swamp of the swamp, the gray veil of fog, unexpected rain, a piercing ray of sun breaking through the clouds - all this was exactly the same a thousand years ago.
But primitive hunting and fishing no longer exist - the availability of the necessary conditions for hunting is of great importance for a modern, civilized hunter. We can rightfully say that Belarus has all the conditions for successful hunting and fishing, as well as for a decent reception of foreign tourists. Tired after wandering through the forest or swamp, you can return to a cozy hunting lodge, recuperate, take a steam bath and dine on hot fish soup prepared from your own catch... And tomorrow new adventures, new victories and new trophies await you.
Belovezhskaya Pushcha is not only tens of kilometers of protected forest, majestic bison and legendary Viskuli, where the death warrant of the USSR was signed. These are also people. There are few native Pushcha residents left in these parts. Forest villages are emptying. They come to life only in the summer, when summer residents come to their parents' houses. The names of Pushcha villages, by the way, are remarkable: Gluboky Ugol, Podbelskie Ogorodniki, Elovy Grud, Pashutskaya Buda. In Glubokoye Ugol, for example, there is only one resident left - 82-year-old Maria Panko. For 20 years now, my grandmother has been living alone in the middle of a huge forest. The “R” correspondent visited Maria Andreevna and heard many interesting stories from her.
The village of Glubokiy Ugol got its name because it is not easy to get here.
Forest hermit
The village of Glubokiy Ugol got its name because it is not easy to get here. Once upon a time we had to overcome kilometers of forest thickets. Now there is a good road leading to the village, and the main difficulty is a special pass. You need to take care of its availability in advance. You definitely won’t be able to enter the Pushcha territory without a document.From the checkpoint to the village it is approximately seven kilometers. All around is a quiet winter forest. My guide Nikolai Panko and I make a stop and make our way to the swamp. Within a few days there was knee-deep snow.
This is the kind of house the beavers rebuilt,” Nikolai points to a snow-white hill. - The length is approximately five meters and the height is one and a half meters. Beavers look after this swamp and build their own hydraulic structures so that it does not dry out. And in my memory this has never happened.
“So I’ll sit by the window and look and admire. Either the deer will come to the fence, or the wild boars will come.”
Sights in the Pushcha are literally at every step. Not far from the swamp is a huge 400-year-old oak tree. After a kilometer we meet a herd of deer. Approximately 30 individuals. They became wary when they heard the sound of the engine. Just in case, we ran a little further away. They stood and watched.
Nikolai Panko is one of the three sons of Maria Andreevna. Lives in the “capital” of Belovezhskaya Pushcha - in Kamenyuki. He visits his mother several times a week. He brings the necessary products, carries firewood, clears the snow from the paths. In general, it helps.
Nice house on the outskirts of the village. We've arrived. Maria Andreevna is glad to have guests. Offers treats: sauerkraut, lard, pie, forest herb tea. We sit down at the table. Outside the window, Belovezhskaya Pushcha sleeps in anticipation of spring.
So I’ll sit by the window and look and admire. Either deer will approach the fence, or wild boars will come. In the summer, wild goats like to jump over the fence and look for a treat under the apple tree. But most of all I love listening to birds. I sit on a bench, and they try, sing in every way. Such a miracle!
All life in Pushcha
Maria Panko was born in a neighboring village. At the age of 20, she got married and moved to Glubokoye Ugol with her husband. Since then he has lived here. Although the children have been calling for a long time, she does not want to leave her native walls: “It’s better in your own home. I’m used to it here, I’ve lived my life in this forest and I don’t want to leave anywhere. I’ll stay as long as my health allows.”
But the pain is making itself felt more and more often. My vision fails, every step is difficult. Grandma is not discouraged. He lights the stove, cooks food, looks after the simple household: a cat, a dog, two chickens and a rooster also need to be fed. To give his mother something to do, son Nikolai creates several small beds every year. Previously, Maria Andreevna and her husband kept cows, pigs, and sheep. And vegetable gardens and potato plantations occupied approximately one and a half hectares. They worked from dawn to dusk.
Electricity appeared in Glubokoe Ugol about ten years ago, the grandmother recalls. - Previously, they used a torch, then they used kerosene lamps. Nothing, somehow we lived. They gathered in the evenings, weaved, knitted. The men were playing cards. They sang songs until the night! Then solar panels were installed on the roof. In winter they are of little use, but in summer there was enough energy to run the TV and even a small refrigerator for a couple of hours. And now - beauty! There is electricity, the auto shop comes twice a week. But there is no one left in the village...
All that remains are the memories. No, no, and I’ll remember my childhood, which fell during the hard times of war. Seven-year-old Manechka carried food to Soviet soldiers who had escaped captivity and found shelter in the shadow of an ancient forest. And soon I had to leave my native place. The Germans were afraid of the partisans, and therefore all residents of Belovezhskaya Pushcha were ordered to leave their homes. Having collected simple belongings, Maria’s family went to Zhabinka. Their house, like the houses of their fellow villagers, was ordered to be burned by the occupation authorities...
We returned as soon as the war ended. How else? My fathers and grandfathers were born in Pushcha. We are from here, and our place is in this forest. A new house was built, and life gradually returned to normal. They managed the farm and went 22 kilometers to the market in Kamenets to sell butter, cottage cheese, and eggs. That's how we lived...
Nikolai PANKO lives in the capital of Belovezhskaya Pushcha - Kamenyuki. He visits his mother several times a week and helps.
“During the war, my father suffered a lot,” Nikolai enters into the conversation. - He was about 14 years old then. They took him to work in Germany, he escaped and ended up in a concentration camp. He was reluctant to talk about that period of his life. I've seen and suffered enough of everything. After liberation, he fought in the Soviet army. In 1945 he returned to his native village and spent his entire life in Pushcha. I didn't want to leave anywhere.
Bison and bicycle
It is not difficult to understand. Despite the everyday inconveniences, the places here are amazing. Just beyond the fence there is a sea of mushrooms and berries. Meeting a bison or deer in the yard is a common occurrence. Maria Andreevna recalls how several years ago the Tsar of Pushcha seriously frightened her:In the evening someone knocked on the door. Once, twice. I thought, what a drunkard got lost, I told him: “Well, stand under this door! I won’t open it.” I hear him start rubbing himself against the wall. I went to the window, and there was a huge muzzle of a bison! He looks straight at me. Well, I think he’ll put out the frame now. She grabbed whatever she could get her hands on and started knocking and screaming. He walked a little further and stood. Then I took the newspapers, twisted the torch and went out onto the porch. The bison reluctantly, but still reached into the thicket.
The inhabitants of the Pushcha cause a lot of trouble for my grandmother. Every now and then, wild boars will dig up the ground near the fence, and they may even tear out the gate altogether. Wild goats have trodden a path to the kluna, where you can always enjoy hay. But the main problem is the kites. As soon as you let the chickens out, birds of prey are right there. More than one chicken was taken away. Grandmother Manya is very proud of her rooster, which once got into a fight with a kite and successfully withstood the defense until the owner came to the rescue with a stick. Now the place for pets to walk is covered with a net. Out of harm's way.
Maria Andreevna says that in her memory, animals did not attack people. Pushcha residents know well how to behave in the forest so as not to get into trouble:
I think that the most terrible beast is man. When you meet a wild boar, willy-nilly your heart will sink into your boots. But they try to avoid people and not get noticed. And if we have already met, it is better to disperse quietly and peacefully. There is no need to pay special attention to wild boars. Especially in the spring, when females give birth to piglets.
Maria Andreevna had many unexpected meetings. It was not always possible to part ways with the inhabitants of the Pushcha, like ships at sea. Grandma pours herself some tea, smiles at something, and remembers:
Once I went to get acorns for the pigs. I parked my bike near a pine tree and collected acorns in a bucket. I approach the bike, and right next to it there are three bison! Huge, smaller and very small. I put the buckets on the ground, I stand and look for a tree that I can climb. She walked sideways up to the spruce tree and climbed up. But the bison don't leave. They stand and watch. They are interested. I sat for a long time. When I got off, I had no time for acorns anymore. I went out onto the road and again saw bison lying peacefully on the side of the road. Only there were already five or six of them. I walked nearby, but they didn’t even bat an eye.
Or here’s a case: my niece and I went into the forest, and a wild boar jumped out from under the tree. Everyone was scared: both the animal and the mushroom pickers. Without making out the road, the boar rushed to run away. He was in such a hurry that he knocked down Maria Andreevna’s niece, and she ended up on the animal’s back. I drove a few meters and fell. Now, remembering this story, my grandmother smiles, but then there was no time for laughter. They were scared half to death.
Maria Andreevna looks out the window again, but there is no one there. Only a silent snow-covered forest. Grandma is looking forward to spring. When the birds arrive again, they will enliven the surroundings with their polyphony. For the only resident of Deep Corner, this music is the best.
60 km from the city of Brest, on the border with the Republic of Poland, there is an amazing natural monument, which many call one of the wonders of the world of our continent. Belovezhskaya Pushcha, covered in legends, is the last great forest of Europe. The same pristine thickets that covered vast territories hundreds and thousands of years ago have survived to this day. In 1992, Belovezhskaya Pushcha was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The total area of the Pushcha within its historical borders is about 130,000 hectares, of which about 57 000 hectares - on the territory of Poland. The area of the National Park is 152,962 hectares.
The protected forests of this park are home to 900 species of plants and 250 species of animals and birds, including rare species.
History of Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Belovezhskaya Pushcha is one of the most important attractions of Belarus. These are the remains of a primeval forest that once stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Bug River and from the Oder to the Dnieper. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is located in the Brest region, one of the four national parks of Belarus and is the largest forest in central Europe. The reserve is located 340 km southwest of Minsk. The administrative center of the park is located in the village of Kamenyuki, Kamenets district, 60 km from Brest. 20 km from Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the city of Kamenets, on whose territory rises the White Vezha - a watchtower built in the 13th century. It is believed that this monument gave the name to the forest.
Belovezhskaya Pushcha today
Currently, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park is one of the most famous places in Belarus.
Belovezhskaya Pushcha is home to 900 species of plants, including rare and endangered ones. The park is famous for its ancient registered oak trees, which are over 500 years old. Among the ancient trees:
- ash trees
- pine trees
In the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park there are 59 species of mammals, including:
- European bison (largest population in Europe)
- otter
- tarpan (wild European horse)
The reserve is home to 227 bird species, including:
- lesser and greater spotted eagles crane
- woodpecker
- great owl
The Museum of Nature, located on the territory of the park, tells about the flora and fauna of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Bison, bears, deer and other inhabitants of the forest can be seen in enclosures.
How to get to Belovezhskaya Pushcha
- Biography Ferdinand Foch short biography
- Isaev I.F., Mishchenko A.I., Shiyanov E.N. Pedagogy - file n1.doc. Slastenin V.A. Methods of educational work - file n1.doc Slastenin in pedagogy m academy
- Tax accounting of government institutions The procedure for calculating tax and advance payments
- Reinstatement at work by order of the labor inspectorate