Disposal of industrial waste. Removal and disposal of industrial waste
People generate a colossal amount of garbage every day, so it’s even strange that the problem of recycling has become relevant relatively recently. This industry has its own prospects, and some countries are so successful in this that they even import processing waste.
World pollution problem
Humanity generates a huge amount of waste every day. Industrial and medical materials and residues, colossal amounts of plastic, glass, paper, and everything else that is thrown away during the simple life of the average person. Waste recycling and disposal covers only a small part of the waste. Everything else is in landfills and slowly poisons even if there is nothing toxic in this garbage. Nature can take a long time to decompose paper, plastic, and polyethylene - it can take a small amount of time, decades or even centuries. Technical progress has given humanity many new products, but it has also contributed to the emergence of materials that are resistant to decay and rapid organic processing, even if it is necessary. And only recently have people seriously thought about this and began to think about how to correct the situation that has developed literally over the last couple of centuries. Unfortunately, humanity faces a long and difficult path, which involves abandoning the existing model of thoughtless consumption.
Solutions
At the moment, there are three most promising areas that can help get rid of the problem, especially in the case of an integrated approach. The first is the development of biodegradable materials. A huge part of the waste is packaging: plastic, bags, boxes, etc. Paper, cardboard and other new materials are a step towards a clean planet.
The second measure is social responsibility. Sorting waste is the simplest thing an ordinary consumer can do for nature. After all, if someone who is already familiar with the composition of everything thrown away is involved in the separation, then this will save a lot of effort and time. And sorted waste will be much easier to recycle.
Finally, another measure directly related to the previous one is encouraging reuse. Bags, paper, plastic and glass containers - all of this can be given a second life, and also delay the time when they end up in the trash.
All these measures are good in their own way, although they can be either effective or show their uselessness - it depends on what policy the state will pursue and what methods will be used to reduce the amount of garbage.
Waste classification
There are several criteria according to which garbage can be divided into several categories. Among them are the following:
- by origin - household and industrial waste (processing, production, etc.);
- by state - solid, liquid, gaseous;
- by - in Russia 5 categories are used.
The garbage generated by enterprises attracts attention first of all. Firstly, what is not useful in one production may be a valuable resource in another. Secondly, disposal or recycling of industrial waste is necessary because it may contain substances hazardous to the environment and people. At the same time, household garbage practically does not attract attention, but the average Russian family generates more than 400 kilograms of it per year. More than half of this mass is plastic and waste paper. At the same time, the separation and processing of household waste in the Russian Federation is completely undeveloped.
Disposal
Different types of waste require different approaches. A large amount appears as a result of wood, the functioning of manufacturing and chemical enterprises. The main problem is that recycling industrial waste is not always possible, and then the only way to get rid of it is to bury it in a landfill or perform heat treatment.
It’s worth mentioning separately about plastic, which has found wide application in human life. Its disposal is difficult due to the fact that this substance is divided into many types, each of which requires a separate approach. In addition, thermal processing of plastic, that is, simply burning it, is often impossible, because during this process a huge amount of harmful elements is formed. At the same time, organic decomposition takes too long.
Methods
Each group must use its own methods, so even before disposal, the waste must be sorted:
- For organic waste, biological processing is suitable. Paper, cardboard, and food waste can be composted and left to rot. In the future they can be used in agriculture. Sometimes even natural fabrics are processed using this method.
- The metal can easily be melted down and reused. The main problem is only in its isolation from, for example, electrical appliances thrown into a landfill.
- Heat treatment of various types is suitable when it comes to wood processing waste. By burning raw materials, a certain amount of energy can be obtained.
- Plastic recycling is carried out using mechanical (crushing) and chemical methods. As a rule, new polymers are subsequently obtained that can be reused.
- Burial. The most hazardous industrial wastes are subjected to a special procedure, which involves their maximum isolation from the environment for a sufficiently long time. After some time, they naturally decompose or are removed for further disposal activities.
Efficiency
It can become an additional source of both energy and raw materials. Thus, in the West, only a third of all garbage is buried; the rest, one way or another, goes to work to be reused. In addition to the fact that this allows you to save on the production of energy and materials, there is no accumulation of waste in the form of unaesthetic and dangerous landfills.
In Russia, unfortunately, everything is different. The waste separation system is in its infancy; there are practically no trash cans with multiple compartments anywhere. Only a small part is subject to any action, only plastic recycling is more or less developed, but even this accounts for only 5-7%. The rest of the volume ends up in landfills.
Prospects
Scientists offer many ways to make recycling waste less hazardous and more useful. The most viable technologies seem to be those that allow waste to be decomposed into its original components and then reused. These environmentally neutral methods are already being used in test mode in Europe and have not yet caused any complaints.
Garbage and art
Recycling and disposal of waste is a problem that has inspired many artists and sculptors to create works that challenge Canadian fashion designers to sew clothes from waste materials. Paradoxically, you can even wear it, although it is very extravagant. An architectural company from the Netherlands proposes to create artificial islands from waste where refugees from the world could live. Finally, the fairly well-known American artist Lisa Hawk uses waste in her paintings, which are ambiguous and fascinating. So there is no need to talk about the unequivocal harmfulness of household waste.
The company’s specialists have developed proposals for the following enterprises:
- thermal, nuclear, hydroelectric power plants, step-down and step-up substations;
- metallurgical plants and chemical industry enterprises;
- oil refining complexes;
- cement and concrete plants;
- treatment facilities;
- manufacturers of consumer goods and other business entities.
Proper disposal of waste from industrial enterprises is of great importance for the national economy and the environment as a whole due to the content of large amounts of toxic, inert or even radioactive substances.
Processing technologies
The Ekovik company accepts almost any type of industrial waste for recycling. Depending on its composition and type, various neutralization technologies are used.
- Heat treatment is suitable for solid waste disposal. High temperatures change the physical and chemical properties of substances, and the process releases a large amount of energy that can be used.
- The biological processing method involves the use of special bacteria to neutralize toxic residues. Disposing of industrial waste in this way allows you to obtain recyclable materials for further use in production.
- Chemical processing can achieve the same results using reagents. This technology can be used for pharmaceutical production residues, as well as liquid waste disposal.
- The burial method is most often used for radioactive and highly hazardous substances with a long half-life. Special sealed containers protect the environment from harmful effects.
Equipment and machinery are disposed of using manual sorting and subsequent pressing. Metal components are crushed and melted down into recycled materials, and polymer residues are processed into granules and used to produce fuel.
Our containers
Prices for waste removal and disposal services
* The cost is indicated for waste removal within the Moscow Ring Road. Travel to the region is calculated individually. Details by phone 8-926-233-30-64.
7 reasons to work with us
15 years of experience in the field of waste removal and disposal in Moscow and the Moscow region. License for collection, transportation and processing of waste.
Concluding an agreement for the collection and removal of waste. Full accounting support for the service (primary reporting documentation, recycling coupons, copies of contracts with landfills).
Highly qualified drivers who have completed training from the Housing and Public Utilities Department “Safe techniques for performing work on the removal of solid household waste from the residential sector of the city of Moscow.”
Waste recycling plant in New Moscow. More than 50 imported trucks equipped for waste collection and removal.
Strict adherence to the agreed waste removal schedule. If the order is urgent, the container will be delivered within 3 hours.
24/7 dispatch service, without holidays or weekends.
Each client is assigned a personal specialist who accompanies the contract for the removal of solid waste from A to Z.
07Equipment and technology
Special equipment is used for transportation. The DDB Service company uses imported cars with low mileage that meet environmental standards. Thanks to this, we ensure uninterrupted operation and prompt removal. The machines are equipped with the necessary equipment for accurate and complete loading.
Containers and bunkers are used for waste removal and disposal. The volume and type of container is selected in accordance with the waste:
- Construction waste. Volumetric containers of 15, 20, 24 and 34 cubic meters are provided, depending on the dimensions of non-demountable structures.
- Industrial and bulky waste. Containers for construction waste are used, but a convenient 8 m³ container has been added to the range, which can hold up to 5 tons of cargo.
- Municipal solid waste. To collect solid waste, we install tanks with a capacity of 0.8 m³ or closed containers on wheels with a volume of 1.1 m³.
- Garbage containers. Containers with a volume of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.26 m³, equipped with sealed lids and wheels. They are used for collecting waste in the private sector or in production.
We provide for rent and also sell all of the above containers for the collection and further processing of waste. Containers are made of metal or durable plastic. Meets established requirements.
Proper disposal
Natural landfills that periodically form in Moscow districts are a serious threat to the environment. Timely removal and disposal of waste helps preserve the environment and improves courtyards and roadways. To prevent the emergence of hazards, containers and bins for collecting household waste are installed in permitted places.
Industrial enterprises need such services. In addition to solid waste and industrial waste, proper disposal of fluorescent lamps, which are used in all plants, factories and private industries, is mandatory. Construction work also involves the accumulation of various types of waste. Large waste bins are installed at construction sites.
Each district of the capital has its own characteristics and problems in the area of accumulation of unwanted waste. We are trying to make the city cleaner using modern equipment, reliable technology and proven systems. Qualified specialists select the optimal means for each situation. A regularly updated fleet of vehicles guarantees trouble-free work.
Benefits of cooperation in waste removal and disposal with DDB Service
For fifteen years we have been transporting waste to landfills in Moscow and the region. Our clients are provided with the following benefits.
Production and consumption volumes are constantly increasing. At the same time, landfills are rapidly growing around cities, poisoning the land, water and air. In this regard, the problem of waste disposal is becoming increasingly acute. If waste recycling is not established, soon there will be no fertile soil left around cities. It will be replaced by toxic garbage fields.
Recyclable waste is not only household waste. These include production waste: metal, paper, plastic and textile recyclables. The issue of recycling plastic waste is particularly acute. Other types of secondary raw materials are at least capable of decomposing in natural conditions into relatively safe components. But plastic takes more than 100 years to decompose.
The main task of processing secondary raw materials is to minimize the impact of waste on the environment. Unfortunately, in our country the recycling and recycling market is poorly developed. There are many reasons for this.
The most obvious one is the lack of technology. But in fact, our country has had these technologies for a long time. It’s just that the profitability of processing secondary resources is still minimal. Companies refuse to do this work because it is not profitable.
However, in recent years the situation has begun to change for the better. More and more manufacturers see household waste as the basis for obtaining inexpensive raw materials, which can later be used in production.
The most valuable are:
Processing of secondary resources makes it possible not only to obtain the latest materials for construction, organic fertilizers used in agriculture, but also thermal energy that can be used to heat buildings.
There are the following waste groups:
To ensure conditions for further disposal, waste must be properly sorted. Division into classes allows you to reduce costs and increase the profitability of processing.
Conversion methods
In the press, all waste is usually called secondary raw materials. This is imprecise terminology. Not all waste can be reused. There are certain groups of waste that are more expedient to use to generate thermal energy. They should be called secondary energy raw materials.
Only those materials that can be put into circulation after processing should be classified as secondary raw materials. For example, after recycling, waste paper cannot be used to make toilet paper or produce books, but it is suitable for creating environmentally friendly packaging.
Natural recycling
It's about composting. This method has been used for a very long time. It looks like this: a large pit is dug into which organic waste is dumped. The top of the burial is covered with earth. After the waste has decomposed, it is dug up again and the resulting compost is used for agricultural purposes.
This method was recently modified. Engineers have designed installations that make it possible to heat garbage located underground. Excessive temperature increases the rate of decomposition and increases the release of biogas. The latter can be collected and successfully used as fuel.
Companies are emerging all over the world that are actively producing mobile stations for processing biological waste. Their products are used in agriculture and cottage settlements. But they are not suitable for large urban settlements, since maintaining the equipment is unprofitable.
The natural processing method is gradually becoming a thing of the past. The fact is that the bulk of the loaded waste also contains inorganic waste. They do not rot and gradually accumulate.
This method refers to the disposal of solid waste. It is great for neutralizing dangerous organics that may be found on solid waste. After treatment by fire, the resulting waste is buried or disposed of.
Thermal afterburning produces electricity and heat, which is usually used to service the recycling plant. The latter are located next to large landfills near large cities.
Thermal recycling can be direct or pyrolysis. In the first case, the enterprise receives useful thermal energy used for heating in the heating system. In the second case, liquid and gaseous fuel can be produced at the plant.
Unfortunately, the operation of such a plant cannot be called environmentally friendly. It emits a huge amount of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The filters used are unable to radically change the negative impact on the environment.
To burn medical waste, special furnaces are used, equipped with special gas purification systems.
This technology is considered the most promising. Disposal takes place in 3 stages:
- The waste received at the plant is thoroughly ground and placed under a press, where it is turned into granules. If necessary, the raw materials undergo additional drying.
- The resulting mass is sent to the furnace, where under the influence of a plasma flow it turns into gas.
- To prevent the resulting gas from immediately flaring up, an oxidizing agent is added to the reactor.
The resulting product is very similar to natural gas, but its energy value is much lower. It is pumped into special containers and sent to the consumer. It serves as a good fuel for turbines, heating boilers and electric generators.
This processing method has already gained popularity in the USA and Canada. In Europe, this technology is just beginning to be introduced, but there are plans for its widespread use. Such equipment is not supplied to Russia.
Processing of such resources allows you to get new household and production items. These include glass, plastic, metal, paper and petroleum products.
Metal waste is separated during processing using separation. Ferrous metal is removed from the total mass using magnets. It is then pressed into bags. The latter are later sent for further smelting.
Broken glass and bottles are carefully sorted, cleaned and dried. After thorough grinding, they are heated in special equipment. The output is technical glass, which builders can use for their own purposes.
Particular attention is paid to recycling waste paper. The fact is that during the production of paper at pulp mills, chemically hazardous reagents are used. Despite all protective measures, they inevitably end up in the environment and poison everyone. In addition, paper production requires one of the most valuable resources on the planet - wood.
The use of recycled materials allows you to save wood and minimize the negative impact of pulp mills on the environment.
Unfortunately, in our country, paper ends up in a landfill among other household waste. It is impossible to single it out. It is excluded from further circulation. The only solution to this problem is separate collection of household waste.
The situation is even worse with polymers. Their reuse involves some difficulties. In particular, raw materials are usually dirty and not of the quality required to produce new products. To eliminate the shortcomings you need to make a lot of effort and spend a lot of money. Therefore, polymer products are easier to produce from pure primary raw materials.
However, polymer recyclables are excellent for the production of building materials, but only if such products are not subject to too high environmental requirements.
Rare chemical elements and precious materials are obtained from old electronics after recycling. Metals such as silver, gold, platinum, palladium, and nickel are distinguished. The sorted residues are subsequently burned.
Industrial waste refers to substances generated as a result of production, which are not a product of this production and are not subject to further processing. To organize the disposal of production and consumption waste, it is necessary, first of all, to classify it according to various criteria.
Classification of industrial waste
Waste is usually classified according to the following criteria:
1.Origin:
- industrial waste;
- household waste.
2. Physical condition:
- solid waste;
- liquid waste;
- gaseous waste.
3.Hazards to humans or the environment:
- extremely dangerous (first hazard class according to the classification adopted in the Russian Federation);
- highly dangerous (second class);
- moderately dangerous (third class);
- slightly dangerous (fourth class);
- practically harmless (fifth class).
Waste classification based on hazard is carried out based on its chemical composition, physical state, as well as the conditions of its placement.
Methods for disposal and processing of industrial waste
In theory, any substance, including waste, can be used. When using and recycling industrial waste, the issues of availability of the required technologies and economic feasibility are brought to the fore.
Therefore, in the process of recycling industrial waste, one should distinguish between secondary raw materials, returnable waste and irrecoverable losses.
Secondary raw materials are the case when waste from one production becomes raw material for another. For example, waste from the timber processing industry serves as raw material for the production of particle boards.
During certain technological processes, some raw materials lose their original consumer properties, but can easily be processed and used in less responsible production. Wood shavings and waste from non-ferrous and ferrous metals are used for smelting; waste from timber processing into construction materials can be used for the production of packaging containers. Such production waste is usually called returnable.
Metal recycling
Most metals, when processed, provide a serious economic effect. Particularly profitable is the processing of non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, tin), industrial alloys (will win), and ferrous metals. For the collection and primary processing of metal waste, there are scrap metal collection points. The further problem of recycling production waste when separating various metals is solved by separation methods, including magnetic.
Recycling of polymer materials
When processing various types of plastics and plastics, there are two main methods of industrial waste disposal.
The mechanical processing process includes grinding to obtain crumbs or powder, and further injection molding. Physico-chemical disposal uses the following methods:
- production of monomers by destruction of waste;
- obtaining granulate by re-melting;
- waste dissolution and subsequent reprecipitation;
- modification of raw materials by chemical methods and production of materials with other properties.
Requirements for industrial waste disposal
For the most complete and safe disposal and processing of industrial waste, their neutralization must begin even during their removal from technological processes. Compliance with strict rules for storing hazardous substances comes to the fore. One of the ways to store waste is to place it in natural openings or those formed during mining. Such underground storage facilities are to some extent suitable for storing waste, including radioactive waste. Such storage facilities should be located away from populated areas, waterproof and protected from deformation as a result of seismic processes.
The same requirements apply to the storage of explosive waste as to the storage of industrial explosives. Such waste is placed in containers. Storage facilities are located away from power lines; if it is necessary to illuminate the premises in which waste is stored, only high-quality wiring is used. Explosive waste must be isolated from unwanted chemical reactions with other reagents.
Industrial waste recycling scheme
It is impossible to successfully solve the problem of recycling industrial waste without having a single comprehensive plan for this. With all the variety of technologies, the problem of recycling industrial waste can be put into one scheme, which must be implemented in its own way in each specific case. This process necessarily consists of the following stages:
- Organization of waste collection. Sites or warehouses should be organized for the collection of various types of waste. Actually, the sorting and processing of production waste begins from these warehouses.
- Removal of industrial waste. Organizing timely removal of waste prevents disruption of the ecological state at the place of its storage.
- Placement, processing and disposal of enterprise waste. At this stage, the largest number of options arises depending on the technological schemes used. A common feature in this process is that waste is separated into secondary raw materials, returnable waste and irrecoverable losses.
- Placement of waste that is not subject to further processing and use in special storage facilities.
The problem of recycling industrial waste is becoming more acute for humanity. Solving this problem means solving a double problem: preserving the environment on the planet and saving irreplaceable and limited mineral resources. Ultimately, it can be said without exaggeration that this task is related to the task of human survival.
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