Which tree has short needles? We study the most common coniferous trees in Russia
Evergreens decorate the garden and improve the health of the air. Often, if you feel unwell, walks through a coniferous forest or park area are recommended. These are hardy and beautiful trees, but in a garden they feel a little different than in the wild. Despite their unpretentiousness, they will still need to be given attention and care.
Coniferous plants for the garden and cottage
All coniferous plants are highly decorative and look great in group and single plantings. With their rich green color, they provide year-round attractiveness to the garden. However, not all conifers are evergreen. Among them there are those that shed their leaves for the winter. But for most representatives, the renewal of needles occurs unnoticed: in place of the fallen one, a new one immediately grows.
Tall
Tall conifers can play a major role in garden design. They serve as a background for other plants and are effective in compositions with deciduous trees and shrubs. They are often a solo plant in the garden. The small size of the plot is not a reason to refuse tall conifers. In order to decorate the local area for many years, it is enough to plant one tree. In 10–15 years it will become an accent in the garden, invariably attracting attention.
Juniper Skyrocket
Evergreen conifers are an excellent choice for creating hedges, decorating rock gardens and rockeries
A vigorous shrub, notable for its cone-shaped crown. At the age of 10 years it reaches 3 meters in height. In landscape design, it is most often used in single plantings and as a vertical element of group compositions. With a tree height of 5–7 m, the diameter of its trunk is at least 1 m.
Sun-loving, does not tolerate shade. Prefers fertile, breathable soils. Winter-hardy, drought-resistant, has a powerful root system. The needles are small, with a bluish tint. Suitable for growing in urban environments.
In recent years, the Hoopsie spruce has been considered a favorite among gardeners.
A representative of tall conifers, with a luxurious cone-shaped crown with blue needles. Grows up to 15 m tall, unpretentious and hardy. The diameter of the trunk of an adult plant can reach 5 m. It is distinguished by the rigidity of its needles, which is why it has the second name “prickly”.
The strong branches of spruce can withstand significant snow loads. The tree tolerates difficult urban conditions well and is recommended for planting in parks and other recreation areas. Remarkably high growth rates: annual growth of at least 20–30 cm. In the garden it is most impressive in single plantings. It is undemanding to soil quality and does not tolerate waterlogging.
The columnar crown of the thuja Brabant allows the plant to be used as a hedge
In the Russian climate it grows up to 3.5 m. Not suitable for landscaping areas in regions with arid climates. It is moisture-loving and tolerates air pollution well. Recommended for creating hedges in cities and towns. Thuja Brabant can be planted in both sunny and shaded areas of the garden.
The tree is evergreen, the lower branches are located almost at ground level. The needles are bright green, medium hard. The crown is narrow pyramidal in shape, dense. On average, per year it grows by 10 cm in width and 30 cm in height. The fruits are brown cones, 8–12 mm long, oval in shape with widening at the base. Looks great in single and group plantings, recommended for forming alleys and hedges.
The difficult Russian climate is not an obstacle to the growth and development of Unicolor fir
Known as a tree with beautiful needles, a dense pyramidal crown, oval dark purple cones 80–120 mm long. The single-colored fir has much larger and brighter needles than other members of the genus. The average length of the needles is 70 mm. A distinctive feature is the same color on both sides. Fir grows up to 40 m in height with an annual growth of 15–20 cm.
Grows well on sandy loams and loams, prefers well-lit places. It is highly drought-resistant and recommended for planting in the southern regions. Among all types of fir, it has a reputation as the most hardy and resistant to adverse environmental factors.
European cedar pine looks good and takes root near water bodies
A close relative of Siberian pine, which is often confused with cedar due to its external similarity. It grows up to 25 m in height, the trunk diameter of an adult plant is 100–150 cm. It is shade-loving, but can grow in sunny places. The needles are long, elastic, dark green with a bluish tint on the back of the needles.
European pine blooms in June, the fruits are dark brown cones. This tree is a long-liver, with an average lifespan of 300–500 years.
Canadian yew needles are sickle-shaped
A shade-loving tall plant growing up to 2.5 m tall. The needles are thick, dark green, longer at the base of the branches than at the top. The crown is pyramidal, up to 2 m in diameter.
Good for molding. The plant is frost-resistant, with an annual growth of up to 5 cm. The bark, branches and needles are poisonous due to the presence of an alkaloid toxin. The wood is hard and durable.
Low-growing (dwarf)
Dwarf conifers for the garden are the product of many years of selection by specialists from different countries. Plants of this type are rarely found in nature. Low conifers are one of the most spectacular plants for the garden, and at the same time the most problematic. The reason is that if the planting site is chosen incorrectly, dwarf plants can produce good annual growth. The plant in this case may be taller than defined by the standard.
The golden needles of the thuja Amber Glow change color depending on the time of year.
A low-growing shrub with a spherical crown and golden needles. Average height is 80–90 cm, annual growth is within 5–6 cm.
To preserve its decorative properties, the shrub must be planted in sunny areas of the garden. In the shade, the needles take on a green tint.
Amber Glow has good frost resistance, but requires shelter for the winter. The bush looks great as a soloist and in a composition with flowers and deciduous plants. Heather gardens are also recommended.
Oriental thuja Aurea Nana can be grown in containers for use in decorating terraces
An evergreen tree with a beautiful ovoid crown, dense and branched. Feature: pointed crown. Grows up to 170 cm tall. Annual growth is 5–6 cm. Crown diameter is 80–90 cm. The needles are golden-green in the warm season, with a bronze tint in winter.
The plant is unpretentious and grows well on any soil, except rocky and heavy clay. Prefers well-lit places, moist, breathable soils.
Possible planting in partial shade. For normal plant development, regular watering is necessary. Small thuja is suitable for forming low hedges; in urban environments it is grown as a border.
Thuja occidentalis Caespitosa
In 1923, Thuja Caespitosa was discovered in the greenhouse of the Irish Botanical Garden in Dublin, its origin unknown.
One of the shortest coniferous plants, reaching a height of no more than 40 cm. The crown is dense, cushion-shaped, semicircular in shape. It is characterized by low growth intensity: by the age of 15 it is a tree 30 cm high with a crown width of 35–40 cm. The branches are erect, the needles are dense.
Thuja occidentalis Danica
With regular pruning, the crown of Danica's thuja becomes dense.
Dwarf thuja, characterized by extremely slow growth. By the age of 20 it reaches 60 cm in height and the same in crown diameter.
In the warm season, the needles of the tree are bright green, but with the onset of cold weather they take on a brown tint. It is recommended to plant in places protected from the wind, in partial shade.
The plant needs shelter in winter and protection from sunburn in summer. The root system is superficial and requires regular watering in the first two years after planting. It is recommended to mulch the thuja tree trunk to retain moisture.
Thuja occidentalis Choseri is widely used in modern gardens due to its unusual crown shape.
Evergreen low-growing thuja, bred by Polish breeders. It has a spherical dense crown.
The plant is multi-stemmed with thick scaly needles, changing from green to bronze-brown in autumn. The tree is frost-resistant, but in the first 3–4 years after planting it needs shelter for the winter.
It tolerates crown molding well and exhibits small annual growth. Planting on well-drained fertile soils is recommended. Tuya Hoseri requires regular watering.
Creeping
Creeping conifers are also called creeping conifers. The most common area of application in landscape design is decorating gardens and local areas as a “prickly lawn”. Some species of juniper are horizontal and reach a height of only a few centimeters and are used as ground cover plants. Creeping conifers of medium height make spectacular evergreen borders.
Ground cover juniper Blue Chip is characterized by high winter hardiness
Juniperus horizontalis Blue Chip is one of the popular varieties of creeping conifers. A plant with small and dense needles of a silver-blue color. It grows quickly, forming a continuous prickly carpet.
The shrub is characterized by an average growth rate; by the age of 10 it reaches 20 cm in height with a crown width of 30–50 cm. The shoots grow evenly in different directions, the tops slightly rise above the ground level.
Juniper Blue Chip is a powerful air purifier that improves the health of the atmosphere within a radius of 10 m from the place of growth. Widely used for decorating rock gardens and rock gardens, feels good on rocky soils.
It is drought-resistant, but to obtain high decorative value the plant requires watering. The soil should be well-drained; stagnation of moisture is undesirable. Photophilous, recommended for planting in rocky gardens, decorating retaining walls and small hills.
The branches of the flat crown of the Green Carpet juniper are pressed tightly to the ground
Dwarf juniper Green Carpet has soft, dense light green needles. The shoots are arranged horizontally, intertwined with each other, covering the soil with a dense fluffy carpet. By the age of 10 it grows up to 20 cm in height. The crown is wide and flat, reaching 150 cm in diameter. Planting on sandy and calcareous soils and sandy loam is recommended.
The plant grows well in sunny places, but prefers partial shade. During the summer heat, sunburn is possible. It lends itself well to molding, after which the crown becomes denser and more beautiful.
Not a single weed survives under the dense carpet of Green Carpet juniper branches.
Frost-resistant juniper Prince of Wales is unpretentious to the soil
The low-growing creeping juniper Prince of Wales grows to only 15 cm in height. In this case, the crown diameter reaches 250 cm.
Effective in group and single plantings, recommended for decorating rocky hills and rock gardens. It is characterized by high winter hardiness and does not freeze out in the conditions of Siberia and the Far East. When used as a ground cover plant, the recommended planting scheme is 2–3 bushes per 1 m2.
In the first few years of life, the crown has a cushion shape, later creeping shoots grow. Fruits with small cone-shaped berries. In the warm season, the needles are green with a bluish tint; in winter they take on bronze tones.
During the hot period, common juniper Depressa Aurea needs abundant watering and sprinkling of the crown
The low-growing coniferous shrub Depressa Aurea is characterized by high growth rates among creeping ones. Annual growth is up to 15 cm. The maximum height of an adult plant is 50 cm, crown diameter is 200 cm.
The branches are slightly raised upward, the tips hang down to the ground. The needles are thick, golden-yellow in color; over time, brown tones begin to prevail. In the cold season it turns brown. The plant is undemanding to soil quality, winter-hardy, grows well in shade and partial shade.
The slow-growing juniper variety Golden Carpet was bred by breeders in 1992
Juniper horizontal Golden Carpet is one of the popular creeping plants for decorating rock gardens, garden compositions and forming coniferous flower beds.
The height of the bush does not exceed 15 cm, the diameter of the crown is 150 cm. The needles are thick, golden in the upper part of the shoots, and yellow-green in the lower part, facing the ground. It is recommended to plant in places well lit by the sun: in the shade this plant loses its decorative effect. Grows well in any soil, but prefers moist and well-drained soil.
Photo gallery: conifers in landscape design
Coniferous plants are widely used in landscape design not only due to their decorative properties. Representatives of this group are distinguished by good winter hardiness, are shade-tolerant, and saturate the air with healing phytoncides.
Dwarf forms of conifers are popular in the design of alpine slides
Dwarf species will enliven and decorate a rocky hill. The crown of these plants tolerates pruning well and holds its shape for a long time. As an accent, 1–3 medium-sized conifers are planted, emphasizing the decorative nature of the rock garden.
A lawn is often used as a background for a coniferous composition.
A composition of coniferous trees with a cone-shaped and spherical crown is a decoration for any area. These plants go well with deciduous trees and shrubs.
When combining conifers and flowers in a flower bed, it is necessary to take into account the soil requirements of the plants
Single plantings of conifers add a touch of presentability to flower beds. With bright green needles they emphasize and set off the beauty of flowering flower beds.
When creating a composition of conifers, the tallest specimens are placed in the background
A frequently used technique is a combination of medium- and tall-growing conifers with creeping ones. In this way, a spectacular taiga area is created in the garden.
Coniferous plants tolerate topiary cutting well
The art of crown formation will help you create a uniquely beautiful plant in your garden. It will become the highlight of any composition, emphasizing the respectability and well-groomed nature of the site.
Coniferous ornamental plants decorate the garden path all year round
Low conifers with a spherical crown are original prickly flower beds, most spectacular in single plantings. This technique can be used when designing garden paths and paths.
Tall coniferous trees can delimit garden compositions
Tall conifers are an excellent backdrop for rock gardens and rockeries, rocky areas, and flower beds.
Coniferous plants are widely used in landscaping parks
Tall and dwarf conifers are an integral element of large-scale compositions. Look great against the backdrop of well-groomed lawns.
Coniferous hedges are not only beautiful, but also functional
Linear plantings of tall conifers help to zone the area and create an impressive but passable barrier.
Skillful combination is the main requirement for creating a complex landscape composition of coniferous plants
A flowerbed of plants with different crown shapes is highly decorative. Caring for conifers is simple; regular watering and pruning are enough.
Video: coniferous ornamental plants on the site
Evergreens thrive in many climatic zones of Russia. To create long-lasting garden compositions, it is important to choose the right variety of coniferous shrub or tree, taking into account the requirements of a particular species to the influence of external factors.
In the article we talked about the structure and properties of wood and its areas of application. This publication describes in detail softwood, from larch to yew.
Coniferous wood
In construction, coniferous wood is most often used because of its greater strength, biostability and lower production costs compared to hardwood.
In addition, coniferous trunks have a more regular shape with fewer defects. The most popular among conifers in construction pine, spruce, larch, fir And cedar.
Juniper And yew are not used for the manufacture of building elements. These species are valued as a good finishing material and are used mainly for the production of carpentry and furniture.
Larch
Larch (Larix) - coniferous tree from genus Larix of the pine family (Pinaceae). It is distinguished by its durability, lives up to 900 years or more and reaches a height of 45 m with a trunk diameter of 80–180 cm. It is found in nature in the east and northeast of the European part of Russia, in the Urals, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Altai and Sayan Mountains.
This is the most common breed in Russia. It makes up 2/5 of the forested area. The breed is sound with resin passages. Has a beautiful texture. The annual layers are clearly visible in all sections. The sapwood is narrow, white with a slight brownish tint. The kernel is reddish-brown, sharply different from the sapwood. The medullary rays are not visible, the resin ducts are small and few in number.
The wood contains essential oils (pinene), has a fairly strong pleasant odor and includes bioflavonoids and phytoncides - microscopic volatile substances that evaporate during the entire period of use and have a positive effect on health, preventing colds and viral diseases.
– an excellent building material, because it has high density and strength, there are few knots in it, it belongs to the group of biostable (does not rot or be affected by fungi). Larch is strong, elastic, hard, durable, and resists rot and insects well. Long-term exposure to water leads to an increase in the hardness of larch, which is why it was used for the construction of bridges and piers. All Venetian buildings stand on larch stilts.
Larch wood easily cracks during the drying process and splits. More difficult to process on a machine than other rocks (due to high density and resin content). Resinous substances make planing, polishing and varnishing somewhat difficult, but in general the wood can be painted and polished successfully after proper filling.
The best wooden buildings are built from this type of wood. It is used for carpentry, window frames and flooring.
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) – 650–800 kg/m3.
Pine
Pine (Pinus) . Eurasian tree coniferous species, grows in the territory from Scotland to Eastern Siberia. It occupies about 1/6 of the area of all forests in Russia. Lives 400–600 years and in adulthood (120–150 years) reaches a height of about 30 m. The most common Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).
The rock is the most popular building material because it has the most straight, even trunk. Pine is well saturated with antiseptics.
The rock is sound, with resin passages, soft, moderately light, mechanically strong, non-plastic. It is well processed and finished.
It has a slightly pinkish core, which over time becomes brownish-red, wide sapwood from yellowish to pink, clearly visible annual layers with a clear boundary between early and late wood, rather large and numerous resin ducts.
The wood is of medium density, medium hardness, fairly high strength and resistance to decay, can be processed well, and glues relatively well. Widely used in construction, mechanical engineering, furniture and packaging production, railway transport, for securing mine workings, etc.
It is used as a raw material for chemical processing to obtain cellulose and feed yeast; Pine timber is exported in large quantities.
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) – from 460 to 620 kg/m3.
Norway spruce
Norway spruce (Picea abies) – evergreen coniferous tree pine family (Pinaceae), 20–50 m high, with a cone-shaped crown and flaky brownish-gray bark. Lives up to 300 years. The trunk is round and straight.
It grows in damp places, on rich loamy soils, rising into the mountains to a height of up to 1800 m above sea level (forms pure spruce forests). Widely distributed in Central, Northern and Northeastern Europe above 69°N latitude, north of the Pyrenees to Russia and Scandinavia.
Other types: Ayan spruce (Picea ajanensis), Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata).
Spruce is a coreless mature wood species. The wood is white with a yellowish tint, low resinous. Resistant to cracking. The annual layers are clearly visible. In terms of strength, density and resistance to rotting, spruce is in no way inferior to pine. However, it is more difficult to process compared to pine due to the large number of knots in it and their increased hardness.
Spruce is very susceptible to insect damage.
Spruce wood characterized by the largest value of the acoustic constant, which characterizes the emission of sound. Tannins are obtained from spruce bark. The wood is soft, easy to process, polish, and varnish. It is used in the same areas as pine, but especially in the pulp and paper industry and in the production of musical instruments.
Cedar
Cedar (Cedrus) - a genus of coniferous evergreen trees of the pine family. Reaches a height of 36 m or slightly more and a diameter of 1.5 m. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 1300–3600 m, forming cedar forests. Distributed in the Atlas Mountains, in northwestern Africa (Atlas cedar), in Lebanon, Syria and the Cilician Taurus in Asia Minor (Lebanese cedar), on the island of Cyprus (short-coniferous cedar) and in the western Himalayas (Himalayan cedar).In Europe, cedar is often grown in gardens and parks.
All types of cedar have similar wood colors. The light brown or yellow-brown heartwood, which weathers to a uniform brown color, differs from the narrow whitish sapwood.
Resinous (oily), with a pungent cedar odor. The annual layers are clearly distinguished by the contrast between the early and late wood zones. Medium texture. The grain is usually straight, although straight grain is more common in Himalayan cedar. Longitudinal sections of this cedar show uneven brown lines formed by frequent tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts. Resistant to damage by fungi and insects.
Cedar wood is soft and easy to process in all directions. Cedar dries quickly and without major problems. Before finishing work, the resin must be removed.
In the Urals and Siberia, cedar was used as a finishing material for homes. In Tobolsk, Tyumen and Turinsk, buildings decorated with carved platbands made from its wood have been preserved. Cedar was also used for carpentry.
Today it is used only for exclusive interior work, for finishing yachts and interior decoration and for making wooden houses from logs (most often hand-cut).
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) is about 580 kg/m3.
White fir and Caucasian fir
White fir (Abies alba) . Coniferous evergreen plant of the pine family, 30–50 m high, with a narrow pyramidal crown. The trunk is up to 150 cm in diameter, with white-gray smooth bark. Places of growth - mountains of southern, central and western Europe, prefers very fertile soils.
Fir is very similar to spruce, but unlike it, fir does not have resin accumulations. The color of the wood varies from yellowish-white to reddish-white with a gray tint. Fir trunks often suffer from atmospheric pollution, insects, and animals that eat young shoots.
It is easy to process and covers well with most varnishes and paints. The tree is soft, moderately resistant to weather influences and not resistant to fungi and pests.
Volumetric weight in air-dry condition is about 450 kg/m3.
Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana) in its physical and mechanical properties it is in no way inferior to spruce, unlike Siberian fir, which has less density and strength. It is used for the manufacture of wooden structures, musical instruments, and is often used together with spruce in the production of furniture.
Very common in house construction (especially Caucasian fir). Previously, shingles were made from fir (along with spruce) to cover the roof. Now these are mainly door and window blocks, floors, baseboards, friezes and many other products.
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) is about 450 kg/m3.
Juniper
Juniper (Juniperus) . Most junipers are shrubs, but in southern Karelia there are also tree-like forms up to 12 m high and 16 cm in diameter. The only representative cypress family (Cupressaceae) in the northern forests. It is found both in dry pine forests on sandy soil and in spruce forests that are excessively moist and even swampy.
It grows slowly, is frost-resistant, and light-loving. Does not tolerate smoke and soot well. Distributed in the northern and middle parts of the European territory of Russia, in Western Siberia, and enters Eastern Siberia.
Juniper is a sound species. Near the bark there is a narrow light yellow strip of sapwood, forming a wavy ring of irregular shape. Inside the ring is red-brown core wood. Over time, the sapwood turns dark yellow with a greenish tint, and the heartwood acquires beautiful olive-blue hues. On the end section of a juniper, the annual layers are clearly distinguished. The texture is beautiful, with a reddish tint, sometimes striped or wavy. Particularly impressive in cross section.
Juniper, unlike other conifers, does not have resin passages, so it easily accepts various dyes and is easily polished. Strong, heavy and dense juniper wood Works well with a variety of cutting tools. The cuts are clean and glossy.
Juniper wood has slight shrinkage and practically does not swell when wet. It can be successfully used for very thin flat-relief and volumetric carvings; small decorative items, canes, sculptures, small crafts and toys are made from it. End cuts are used in inlay.
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) is about 920 kg/m3.
Tiss
Tiss (Taxus) - a very ancient breed. An evergreen coniferous tree from the yew family (Taxaceae), about 20 m high (the highest known height is 27 m), trunk thickness is 1 m. The crown is wide-spreading, very dense. The needles are soft, flat, dark green, located on the branches in two rows.
Yew berry and yew pointed
Yew berry (Taxus baccata) grows in the mountains of the Caucasus and Crimea. It is often called European because it is found in almost all of Western Europe. The habitat of yew berry also covers areas of Western Belarus (Belovezhskaya Pushcha), Western Ukraine (Bukovina), Southern Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as the Azores Islands, the mountains of Algeria, Asia Minor and Syria.
Second type - pointed yew, or Far Eastern (Taxus cuspidata) , distributed in the Primorsky Territory and Sakhalin. The wood is hard and heavy, almost impossible to rot. Sometimes on the yew there are nodules, densely covered with very short shoots with pale needles.
The lifespan of yew berry is up to 1500 years, and sometimes up to 3-4 thousand years. Sapwood and heartwood yew wood are very different from each other. The color of the core ranges from red-brown to orange-brown.
A characteristic feature of yew wood is tiny black dots, ideally grouped on the surface. The annual layers are sinuous and look like wide, dark rings.
Yew is easy to dry and process. Its wood is toxic and must therefore be processed with extreme care. It has a beautiful texture and is used for making furniture and as a finishing material, it is very durable and is used for various carpentry projects.
Volumetric weight at standard humidity (12%) is about 620 kg/m3.
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This lesson will cover the topic “deciduous and coniferous trees”, which will help schoolchildren learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Let's look at their distinctive features.
Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees
As you know, each tree has its own distinctive characteristics. One of these signs is leaves. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the functions of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.
Birch has small carved leaves.
Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.
Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.
Maple has a wide leaf plate with pointed ends.
Rowan has a complex leaf, with up to 15 small leaves on the central petiole.
Chestnut also has a complex leaf. The slightly pointed leaves meet at the apex of the main petiole.
Birch, rowan, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.
1) Presence of leaves.
2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.
3) All deciduous trees shed their leaves. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.
A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.
Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.
The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered the oak to be a sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, life expectancy is 500 years. But there are also long-livers for more than a thousand years. In autumn the oaks ripen acorns.
These are hearty and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns and will hide them in the hollow as a reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of tasty fruits. Wild boars also rush after acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.
Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak tree meant a harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfurl. Oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.
People say about cowardly people: “Trembles like an aspen leaf.” In reality, an aspen leaf trembles at the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, the aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear, catkins appear on the aspen. People say: “The fluff has flown from the aspen tree, go into the forest for some aspen boletus.”
These are mushrooms that love to grow under aspen trees. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.
What tree is this riddle about?
Takes from my flower
The bee has the most delicious honey.
And everyone insults me
The thin skin is removed.
This linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it’s not for nothing that bees produce linden honey; it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to the linden tree for bast. This is the inner part of the bark. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.
The second group of trees is conifers. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, and larch. A forest consisting of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in the fall, so their other name is evergreen.
Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree reaches down to the ground, so it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from strong winds, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windfalls. This is what a spruce branch with cones looks like. The cones are oblong.
Spruce is a very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances that fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to your home on New Year's Eve!
Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine tree has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. This is what a pine branch with a cone looks like.
Pine has longer needles than spruce. Needles grow on a branch, two at a time. The cones are short, round in shape.
Among coniferous trees, there is a tree with unusual properties - this larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in the fall, larch turns yellow and sheds its needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In spring, young needles emerge from the buds again.
If a forest contains both coniferous and deciduous trees, such a forest is called mixed.
Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves retain smoke and soot. Trees need to be protected.
The next lesson will cover the topic “Autumn in the life of plants.” During the lesson we will learn about the most important seasonal changes that occur with almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in the life of plants.
1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around us 1. - M.: Russian Word.
2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: Enlightenment.
3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: VITA-PRESS.
1. Describe deciduous trees.
2. Describe coniferous trees.
3. Guess the riddles.
1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
I am growing very straight - in height.
If I'm not on the edge,
The branches are only at the top of the head. (Pine)
2. You can always find her in the forest -
You will go for a walk and you will meet:
Stands prickly like a hedgehog
In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)
3. In this sleek box
Bronze color
A small oak tree is hidden
Next summer. (Acorn)
4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?
A relative has a Christmas tree
Non-prickly needles.
But unlike the Christmas tree -
Those needles fall off. (Larch)
5. Takes from my flower
The bee has the most delicious honey.
But they still offend me
The thin skin is peeled off. (Linden)
Gardening is a beautiful art. Along with fine arts, architecture and music, it brings a sense of beauty, gives happiness and harmony in the soul. And, it would seem, everything has already been said about gardens: which plants should be planted in the shade, which in the sun, which can be combined with each other, and which cannot. But there is always something surprising that I haven’t tried to work with before - for example, pine cones! Try using coniferous plants with cones of different colors in your garden design - and you will be surprised at the results!
Inspiration for the gardener
Did you know that conifer cones come in absolutely stunning colors and shades? They will become a real source of inspiration and creativity for the gardener! The leaves will fall, the flowers will fade, the lawn will wither, but the pine needles and cones will decorate your garden all year round, even from under the snow.
We are, of course, talking only about those trees that have a life form no more than 2–4 m high (why do we need cones that we will not see or will see in the litter)?
I’ll tell you about the most beautiful pine cones - year-round garden decorations.
Prickly spruce
Cones appear on spruce at different ages, with much later in forests and dense plantings, and earlier in open spaces. The color of the cone changes during the ripening process. Spruce cones always hang down and fall off entirely.
The most decorative varieties of prickly spruce are presented below.
Push
The Push spruce variety has the most charming cones of a soft pink color, which over time changes to raspberry-purple, and the ripe cones become red-violet-brown. Cones appear at the ends of young shoots at 6–9 years of age.
Photo: El Push
The height of the plant at the age of 10 years is only 0.5 m, the maximum height is 1 m. Prickly spruce of the Push variety is often grafted onto a standard. In this case, the height depends on the height of the trunk, and such a tree no longer grows.
Akron
The Akrona variety has exceptionally beautiful large cones, which are located in groups or individually at the ends of the shoots. The shape is cylindrical. The color of the cones is red and bright purple; ripe cones are light brown.
The height of this conical asymmetrical spruce is 2.5–3 m and it grows slowly. Often the branches lie on the ground.
What is especially good about the Akrona variety is that cones appear even on young plants.
Lucky Strike
The prickly spruce variety Lucky Strike amazes with the beauty and size of its cones: at first lilac-red, over time they become light brown, 10–15 cm long.
The height of an adult plant does not exceed 1–2 m. At 10 years of age, its height does not exceed 1.2 m, and its diameter does not exceed 1.5 m.
Belobok
The cones of the Belobok spruce variety are very attractive: male cones are brownish-brown, and female cones are red. When ripe they turn green and then turn brown. The length of the cone is 5–10 cm.
The height of an adult blue spruce is 1–2 m.
Korean fir
Fir cones are very different from spruce. While still sitting on the branch, they lose their scales, and, in the end, all that remains of them is a charming rod. In addition, very young plant specimens are covered with cones. Fir cones always stick vertically upward.
The most decorative varieties of Korean fir are presented below.
Blauer Pfief
Small charming buds of the Blauer Pfief variety will not leave anyone indifferent. They have a blue-violet color and a “barrel” shape. The plant reaches a height of 1–2 m.
Bonsai Blue
The Bonsai Blue variety, already at a young age, is abundantly sprinkled with expressive blue-violet cones. Plant height 0.5 m.
Molly
Charming purple candle cones of the Molly variety sticking up will become a real decoration of your garden. Their length is 5 cm. The height of the plant in adulthood is 3–4 m.
Blue Magic
The Korean fir variety Blue Magic is strewn with elliptical-shaped cones from a very early age. The cones, which shoot vertically upward, are blue-violet and purple-violet in color before ripening, but then become brown with a slight purple tint.
Plant height is 0.8–1 m, maximum in adulthood is 2.5 m.
Partners
Win-win partners for coniferous plants, capable of highlighting the beauty of their cones and not causing trouble with care, are barberry, Japanese spirea, hosta and sedum.
Features of care
Conifer cones do not require special care or care.
The plants themselves should be fed (in the spring with melted snow), watered in extreme heat, pinched for splendor and “silhouette,” and protected from the scorching rays of the sun in the spring.
Conifers are very popular among people for garden decoration. Coniferous shrubs are planted in groups and interspersed with other plants, and this always looks especially beautiful and aristocratic.
In our conditions of central Russia, conifers grow very well and therefore you can grow them, selecting them according to the height of the bush and the structure of the tree crown.
Among the popular conifers there are the following types:
- Junipers;
- Pines;
What is the difference between wild and ornamental coniferous trees and shrubs
Many ornamental varieties of coniferous trees have been bred through selection work and as a result of this, they have a more magnificent crown, longer needles and the shape of the bush has a more attractive appearance.
Also, many species are unlikely to be found in the wild, since the reproduction of ornamental conifers is more difficult, because they are not used to fighting for their survival in the wild and require certain care.
When selecting seedlings for yourself, it is better to purchase ready-made ones at a garden center or other specialized place than to dig them up in the wild.
Yew
These coniferous trees belong to the Yew family and have soft and long green needles and brown-gray bark.
Distributed in:
- Europe
- Russia
- East Asia
- Africa
Trees grow during their life up to 20 m height.
It is important to know that the needles of these trees are dangerous for animals, as they provoke poisoning and death.
Excellent resistance to any pruning and are therefore often planted to create living fences or various animal figures to decorate the landscape.
Yew varieties that are deservedly popular:
- Famenn
Cypress
These trees have a cone-shaped crown and a slender trunk. Trunk covered with thick bark, the leaf plates are firmly pressed against the branches. The seeds are in cones, which ripen in the second year after formation.
Now there are about 25 species of cypress trees and among them are the famous varieties:
- Lindley
Pine
This species has more than 100 species. These species have a significant difference from other conifers, their needles have a scent. About 5 pieces grow on the branches in bunches.
Depending on the number of needles in a bunch, pine belongs to one or another variety.
When replanting a pine tree, it is worth considering that its root system can survive without soil for only 15 minutes, after which it dies.
Breeders have developed varieties that have a miniature shape and slow growth. The most popular varieties of pine trees:
- Mini pug
Tall for the garden
The following types belong to tall varieties of coniferous trees:
- El Hupsi– grows to a height of up to 15 m. It has thick silvery needles. An unpretentious conifer that can grow in difficult conditions.
- Juniper Skyrocket– has a beautiful cone-shaped crown and blue-colored leaves. Adult height up to 3 m.
- Pine Pincus Sylvestris– the height of an adult plant is 40 m. At the same time, it has a wonderful, completely straight trunk.
- Scots pine Watereri– plant height is 4 m and has a round, twisted shape. The south of Russia is suitable for her, since the Mediterranean coast is considered her homeland.
If you like these types of coniferous trees, but do not want to grow them to their full height, you should think about annual pruning.
Average height
Medium-sized conifers are often used in landscape design. Since these plants green all year round a garden with conifers will look beautiful both in summer and winter.
The most popular types of medium height:
Such species are planted symmetrically from the door or along the driveway. If planted in a flowerbed, they serve as a backdrop to other smaller varieties of coniferous trees.
Dwarf
Dwarf trees are not always like this. For example, Dwarf spruce grows up to two meters in height. But this happens only in rare cases; under normal conditions, without intensive feeding, it grows no more than a meter.
The most popular varieties planted in central Russia:
Which conifers are most often used for the garden
Most often, medium-sized and dwarf varieties of coniferous trees are planted, since they no annual formative pruning required.
There are very miniature junipers up to 20 cm high; they are great to place in the foreground near the stones.
In landscape design
With the help of coniferous trees, many owners of their own plots decorate their yard. They are planted together with other flowers and trees, creating beautiful compositions.
Rules of composition
As already written, coniferous shrubs and trees can be combined with each other and other deciduous shrubs or flowers, creating magnificent combinations.
But in order for the plants to look good, there are certain planting rules:
- For a flower bed to look good, there must be a distance from the viewing point not less than the height multiplied by two;
- If conifers are planted near a fountain or artificial pond, then a couple of trees with weeping leaves should be added;
- It is worth placing low conifers almost next to the path and the further you go, the higher their height becomes;
- Since conifers have different color variations, then variegated shrubs should be placed rarely then they will look more impressive, and not like a group that has been ill.
To understand how it will look from the outside, you should make blanks in the shape of shrubs out of colored paper and place them on a white sheet. Moving along the paper, draw up a planting plan and then you won’t have to replant them several times.
Mixborders
For this, the most important thing is the background, for example:
- Fence;
- Hedge.
The line should not be straight, it should be winding. There should be more tall people than short ones. The most important thing is the rhythm of the plantings and everything should look harmonious with each other.
When choosing plants at a garden center, it is better to turn to a professional seller for help, he is obliged to help with the choice.
Hedge
The hedge is a classic of the genre. With its help, various areas are decorated and the estate is fenced off from the prying eyes of neighbors. The thickets turn out to be very dense, and whether or not to form them by pruning is at the discretion of the gardener.
The highest density can be achieved by planting seedlings in three rows in a checkerboard pattern.
An ordinary spruce is excellent for this purpose.
Features of care
These are unpretentious plants, not requiring much care. Care should be taken only in the year of planting on the site. The first summer is decisive and watering is carried out weekly.
After the young conifers take root, next year they switch to normal mode. That is, in the absence of rain, water once a month into a hole around the trunk, which is dug in advance.
Placement methods
There are many examples you can list, but here are the most common examples:
- Thuja western Smaragd is planted in the center, and juniper Plumosa Aurea is a meter to the right. Blue Cape and Gold Coast junipers in the foreground;
- Mountain pine Pumilio is planted in the center, three grayish spruces Echiniformis and Cossack juniper should grow in the foreground;
- Tall junipers are planted in the background, medium-sized junipers are planted in the middle, and miniature ones with a height of 20 cm are planted so that their edges extend slightly onto the path.
A coniferous mini garden will induce peace and quiet, and will have a calming effect on the human nervous system.
This composition is planted in the center of a round flower bed. so that it is clearly visible from all sides.
Therefore, when planting them, you need to take into account that one to three large tall plants are planted in the center. Height of other plantings should fade to the edge of the flowerbed. Plants should not block each other's view.
In the center there should be different crown shapes. It’s good when one of them has a creeping crown shape.
How to find neighbors
Conifers can be combined with any plants When planting them, you can safely conduct experiments on planting various compositions.
Design taking into account color compositions
In order for conifers to look good together, it is worth considering that they have needles of different colors and therefore there are certain rules for their growth together:
- If there are only three shrubs in the composition of coniferous plants, then there may be only two shades of pine.
- A group of five plants has three different colors.
- If the number of plants in a planting reaches 20, then they are planted in the middle of the group 2-3 copies of one color scheme.
With the help of coniferous plantings, you can create a unique design for your yard that will delight the gardener all year round. Considering that practically no maintenance is required and this is a one-time investment, then having planted plants in your yard once, conifers will delight others for many years.
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