Tatars - religion or nationality? Tatars have interesting customs and lifestyle features.
Tatars are the titular people of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is included in the Russian Federation. This is a Turkic ethnic group with many subethnic groups. Due to the widespread settlement in the regions of Russia and neighboring countries, they influenced their ethnogenesis, assimilating with the local population. Within the ethnic group there are several anthropological types of Tatars. Tatar culture is filled with national traditions that are unusual for Russians.
Where live
Approximately half (53% of the total) Tatars live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Others are settled throughout the rest of Russia. Representatives of the people live in the regions of Central Asia, the Far East, the Volga region, and Siberia. According to territorial and ethnic characteristics, the people are divided into 3 large groups:
- Siberian
- Astrakhan
- Living in the Middle Volga region, the Urals.
The last group includes: Kazan Tatars, Mishars, Teptyars, Kryashens. Other subenos include:
- Kasimov Tatars
- Perm Tatars
- Polish-Lithuanian Tatars
- Chepetsk Tatars
- Nagaibaki
Number
There are 8,000,000 Tatars in the world. Of these, about 5.5 million live in Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This is the second largest population after citizens of Russian nationality. At the same time, there are 2,000,000 people in Tatarstan, 1,000,000 in Bashkortostan. A small number moved to regions neighboring Russia:
- Uzbekistan - 320,000;
- Kazakhstan - 200,000;
- Ukraine - 73,000;
- Kyrgyzstan - 45,000.
A small number live in Romania, Turkey, Canada, USA, Poland.
Kazan - the capital of Tatarstan
Language
The state language of Tatarstan is Tatar. It belongs to the Volga-Kypchak subgroup of the Turkic branch of the Altai languages. Representatives of subethnic groups speak their own dialects. The closest are the speech features of the peoples of the Volga region and Siberia. Currently, Tatar writing is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Before this, the Latin alphabet was used, and in the Middle Ages the basis of writing was Arabic characters.
Religion
The vast majority of Tatars are Muslims professing Sunni Islam. There are also Orthodox Christians. A small part considers themselves atheists.
Name
The self-name of the nation is Tatarlar. There is no clear version of the origin of the term “Tatars”. There are several versions of the etymology of this word. The main ones:
- Root tat, meaning "to experience", plus the suffix ar- “gaining experience, advisor.”
- Derivative of tattoos- “peaceful, ally.”
- In some dialects tat means "foreigner".
- The Mongolian word Tatars means "poor speaker".
According to the last two versions, these words were used to call the Tatars by other tribes who did not understand their language, for whom they were foreigners.
Story
The first evidence of the existence of Tatar tribes was found in Turkic chronicles. Chinese sources also mention the Tatars as people who lived along the banks of the Amur. They date back to the 8th-10th centuries. Historians believe that the ancestors of modern Tatars were formed with the participation of Khazar, Polovian nomads, tribes inhabiting Volga Bulgaria. They united into one community with their own culture, writing, and language. In the 13th century, the Golden Horde was created - a powerful state that was divided into classes, aristocracy, and clergy. By the 15th century it had broken up into separate khanates, which gave rise to the formation of sub-ethnic groups. At a later time, mass migration of Tatars began across the territory of the Russian state.
As a result of genetic studies, it turned out that different Tatar subethnic groups did not have common ancestors. There is also a large diversity of genome within subgroups, from which we can conclude that many peoples influenced their creation. Some ethnic groups have a large percentage of the genome of Caucasian nationalities, while Asian ones are almost absent.
Appearance
Tatars of different ethnic groups have different appearance. This is due to the large genetic diversity of types. In total, 4 types of representatives of the people were identified based on anthropological characteristics. This:
- Pontic
- Sublaponoid
- Mongoloid
- Light European
Depending on the anthropological type, people of Tatar nationality have light or dark skin, hair and eyes. Representatives of the Siberian ethnic group are most similar to Asians. They have a wide, flat face, a narrow eye shape, a wide nose, and an upper eyelid with a fold. The skin is dark, the hair is coarse, black, the color of the iris is dark. They are short and squat.
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Volga Tatars have an oval face and fair skin. They are distinguished by the presence of a hump on the nose, apparently inherited from the Caucasian peoples. The eyes are large, gray or brown. Tall men with good physique. There are blue-eyed and fair-haired representatives of this group. Kazan Tatars have medium-dark skin, brown eyes, and dark hair. They have regular facial features, a straight nose, and clearly defined cheekbones.
Life
The main occupations of the Tatar tribes were:
- arable farming;
- pasture-stall livestock farming;
- horticulture.
Hemp, barley, lentils, wheat, oats, and rye were grown in the fields. Agriculture was of a three-field type. Cattle breeding was expressed in the breeding of sheep, goats, bulls, and horses. This occupation made it possible to obtain meat, milk, wool, and skins for sewing clothes. Horses and oxen were used as draft animals and for transportation. Root crops and melons were also grown. Beekeeping was developed. Hunting was carried out by individual tribes, mainly living in the Urals. Fishing was common among ethnic groups inhabiting the banks of the Volga and Ural. Among the crafts, the following activities have become widespread:
- jewelry production;
- furriery;
- felting craft;
- weaving;
- leather production.
The national Tatar ornament is characterized by the presence of floral and plant designs. This shows the people’s closeness to nature, the ability to see beauty in the world around them. The women knew how to weave and made their own everyday and festive costumes. Details of clothing were decorated with patterns in the form of flowers and plants. In the 19th century, embroidery with gold threads became popular. Shoes and wardrobe items were made from leather. Products made of leather of different shades, sewn together, were popular.
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Until the 20th century, tribes had tribal relations. There was a division between the male half of the population and the female half. The girls were isolated from young men; they did not communicate until the wedding. A man had a higher status than a woman. Remnants of such relations persist in Tatar villages to this day.
All Tatar families are deeply patriarchal. Everything the father says is fulfilled unquestioningly. Children revere their mother, but the wife has virtually no say. Boys are brought up in permissiveness, since they are the successors of the family. From childhood, girls are taught decency, modesty, and submission to men. Young girls know how to run a household and help their mother around the house.
Marriages were concluded by agreement between parents. The young people's consent was not asked. The groom's relatives were obliged to pay the bride price - ransom. Most wedding ceremonies and feasts took place without the presence of the bride and groom; numerous relatives took part in them. The girl got to her husband only after paying the dowry. If the groom arranged for the bride to be kidnapped, the family was freed from the ransom.
Housing
Tatar tribes located their settlements along the banks of rivers, near major roads. The villages were built chaotically, without an orderly layout. The villages were characterized by winding streets, sometimes leading to dead ends. A solid fence was erected on the street side, outbuildings were built in the courtyard, placing them in a group or in the shape of the letter P. The administration, mosque, and trading shops were located in the center of the settlement.
Tatar houses were log buildings. Sometimes the dwelling was made of stone, less often it was made of adobe. The roof was covered with straw, shingles, and boards. The house had two or three rooms, including a vestibule. Rich families could afford two- and three-story dwellings. Inside, the house was divided into female and male halves. They made stoves in the houses, similar to the Russian ones. They were located next to the entrance. The inside of the home was decorated with embroidered towels and tablecloths. The outside walls were painted with ornaments and trimmed with carvings.
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Cloth
Tatar folk costume was formed under the influence of Asian culture. Some elements were borrowed from the Caucasian peoples. The outfits of different ethnic groups vary slightly. The basis of a men's suit consists of such elements as:
- Long shirt (kulmek).
- Harem trousers.
- Long sleeveless vest.
- Wide belt.
- Skullcap.
- Ichigi.
The tunic was decorated at the top and bottom with national ornaments; it was belted with a wide, long piece of fabric with fringe at the ends. In addition to the shirt, loose pants were worn. Over the set they wore a sleeveless vest, the fronts of which were equipped with embroidery. Sometimes they wore a long robe (almost to the floor) made of cotton material. The head was covered with a skullcap, which was generously decorated with national ornaments. Some ethnic groups wore fezzes - Turkish headdresses. In cold weather, they wore a beshmet - a narrow-cut caftan down to the knees. In winter they wore sheepskin coats and fur hats. Ichigi served as shoes. These are light, comfortable boots made of soft leather without heels. Ichigi were decorated with colored leather inserts and ornaments.
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The outfits of Tatar girls are very colorful and feminine. Initially, girls wore a costume similar to men's: a long (floor-length) tunic and wide pants. Ruffles were sewn to the bottom edge of the tunic. The upper part was embroidered with patterns. In modern outfits, the tunic has been transformed into a long dress with a narrow bodice and a flared hem. The dress emphasizes the female figure well, giving it a curvaceous shape. A vest of medium length or waist-length is worn over it. It is richly decorated with embroidery. The head is covered with a cap like a fez, a turban or a kalfak.
Traditions
The Tatars are a nation with a dynamic temperament. They are very active and love dancing and music. Tatar culture has many holidays and customs. They celebrate almost all Muslim holidays, and they also have ancient rituals associated with natural phenomena. The main holidays are:
- Sabantui.
- Nardugan.
- Nowruz.
- Eid al-Fitr.
- Eid al Adha.
- Ramadan.
Ramadan is a holy holiday of spiritual purification. It is called by the name of the month of the Tatar calendar, the ninth in a row. There is strict fasting throughout the month; in addition, you need to pray fervently. This helps a person to cleanse himself of dirty thoughts and become closer to God. This strengthens faith in Allah. Eid al-Adha is celebrated to mark the end of fasting. On this day you can eat everything that Muslims cannot afford during fasting. The holiday is celebrated by the whole family, with the invitation of relatives. In rural areas, celebrations are held with dancing, singing, and fairs.
Kurban Bayram is a holiday of sacrifice, celebrated 70 days after Eid al-Adha. This is the main holiday among Muslims around the world and the most beloved. On this day, sacrifices are made to please Allah. Legend has it that the Almighty asked Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as a test. Ibrahim decided to fulfill the desire of Allah, showing the steadfastness of his faith. Therefore, God left his son alive, ordering him to slaughter a lamb instead. On this day, Muslims must sacrifice a sheep, ram or goat, keep some of the meat for themselves, and distribute the rest to those in need.
Sabantuy, the festival of the plow, is very significant for the Tatars. This is the day the spring field work ends. It is dedicated to work, harvest, and a healthy lifestyle. Sabantuy is celebrated cheerfully and on a grand scale. On this day, festivities, dances, and sports competitions begin. Competitions of singers and dancers are held. It is customary to invite guests and serve refreshments. Porridge, colored eggs, and buns are placed on the table.
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Nardugan is an ancient pagan holiday of the winter solstice. It is celebrated at the end of December. Translated from Mongolian, the name of the holiday means “birth of the sun.” There is a belief that with the beginning of the solstice, the forces of darkness lose their power. Young people dress up in costumes, masks and walk around the courtyards. On the day of the vernal equinox (March 21), Novruz is celebrated - the arrival of spring. According to the astronomical solar calendar, a new year is coming. Daylight overtakes night, the sun turns to summer.
Another interesting custom is that Tatars do not eat pork. This is explained by the laws of Islam. The point is that Allah knows what benefits his creatures, that is, people. He forbids eating pork because it is considered unclean. This lock is reflected in the Koran, the holy book for Muslims.
Names
Tatars call their children beautiful, sonorous names that have deep meaning. Popular male names are:
- Karim - generous;
- Kamil - perfect;
- Anwar - radiant;
- Arslan - lion;
- Dinar is precious.
Girls are called names that reveal natural qualities, symbolizing beauty and wisdom. Common female names:
- Venus is a star;
- Gulnara - decorated with flowers;
- Kamalia - perfect;
- Lucia - light;
- Ramilya - miraculous;
- Firyuza is radiant.
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Food
The peoples of Asia, Siberia, and the Urals had a great influence on Tatar cuisine. The inclusion of their national dishes (pilaf, dumplings, baklava, chak-chak) diversified the Tatar diet and made it more diverse. The Tatar cuisine is rich in meat, vegetables, and seasonings. It contains a lot of various baked goods, confectionery, nuts, and dried fruits. In the Middle Ages, horse meat was widely consumed; later they began to add meat from chickens, turkeys, and geese. The Tatars' favorite meat dish is lamb. Lots of fermented milk products: cottage cheese, ayran, sour cream. Dumplings and dumplings 1 are a fairly common food on the Tatar table. Dumplings are eaten with broth. Popular dishes of Tatar cuisine:
- Shurpa is a fatty, thick soup based on lamb.
- Belish is a baked pie made from unleavened dough, stuffed with meat and potatoes, rice or millet. This is the most ancient dish, it is served on the festive table.
- Tutyrma is a homemade gut sausage stuffed with minced meat and rice.
- Beshbarmak - stew with homemade noodles. It is traditionally eaten with the hands, hence the name “five fingers”.
- Baklava is a treat that came from the East. It is a cookie made from puff pastry with nuts in syrup.
- Chak-chak is a sweet product made from dough with honey.
- Gubadiya is a closed pie with a sweet filling, which is distributed in layers. It includes rice, dried fruits, cottage cheese.
Potatoes are often used as a side dish. There are snacks made from beets, carrots, tomatoes, and sweet peppers. Turnips, pumpkin, and cabbage are used as food. Porridge is a common dish. For everyday food, millet, buckwheat, peas, and rice are cooked. The Tatar table always contains a variety of sweets made from unleavened and rich dough. These include: baursak, helpek, katlama, kosh-tele. Honey is often added to sweet dishes.
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Popular drinks:
- ayran - a fermented milk product based on kefir;
- kvass made from rye flour;
- sherbet - a soft drink made from rose hips, licorice, roses with the addition of honey and spices;
- herbal teas.
Tatar cuisine is characterized by stewing, boiling, and baking in the oven. The food is not fried; sometimes boiled meat is fried a little in the oven.
Famous people
Among the Tatar people there are many talented people who have become famous throughout the world. These are athletes, scientists and cultural figures, writers, actors. Here are some of them:
- Chulpan Khamatova is an actress.
- Marat Basharov is an actor.
- Rudolf Nureyev - ballet dancer.
- Musa Jalil is a famous poet, Hero of the Soviet Union.
- Zakir Rameev is a classic of Tatar literature.
- Alsou is a singer.
- Azat Abbasov is an opera singer.
- Gata Kamsky is a grandmaster, US chess champion in 1991, and is one of the 20 strongest chess players in the world.
- Zinetula Bilyaletdinov is an Olympic champion, multiple world and European champion as part of the hockey team, coach of the Russian national hockey team.
- Albina Akhatova is a five-time world champion in biathlon.
Character
The Tatar nation is very hospitable and friendly. A guest is an important person in the house; they are treated with great respect and asked to share a meal with them. Representatives of this people have a cheerful, optimistic character and do not like to lose heart. They are very sociable and talkative.
Men are characterized by perseverance and determination. They are distinguished by hard work and are accustomed to achieving success. Tatar women are very friendly and responsive. They are raised as models of morality and decency. They are attached to their children and try to give them the best.
Modern Tatar women follow fashion, look very well-groomed and attractive. They are educated, there is always something to talk about with them. Representatives of this people leave a pleasant impression of themselves.
WHAT RELIGION WAS THE MONGOL-TATAR?
Abbreviations
AB - Alexander Bushkov
ET - Evgeny Temezhnikov
NF - Nosovsky and Fomenko
AB: There were Christian churches in Sarai the Great, and at the “Khan’s headquarters” there was an Orthodox bishop.
VI: “The religion of the bulk of the Mongols by the beginning of the 13th century. Shamanism remained. The “eternal blue sky” was worshiped as the main deity. The Mongols also revered the deity of the earth, various spirits and ancestors. The noble elite of the Kerait tribe at the beginning of the 11th century. accepted Nestorian Christianity. Buddhism and Christianity were also widespread among the Naimans. Both of these religions spread in Mongolia through the Uyghurs."
Ivanin: “Genghis Khan and the Mongols, as nomadic people, as well as their Chinese neighbors, were not very religious and were completely indifferent to different religions. Regardless of this, Genghis Khan's political rules regarding religion were consistent with the spirit of the times. He lived in the age of the Crusades, the great struggle between Christians and Muslims, he knew the fanaticism of both, the discord between sects of the same religion, he knew the hatred that existed between Shiites and Sunnis, and, as a skillful politician, did not stick to any of the religions , and, planning to conquer the world, equally patronized all religions. Knowing the influence of the clergy on the minds, he patronized him.”
Ibn al-Athir: “As for their faith, they worshiped the Sun at its rising. They had no forbidden food, and they ate all riding animals, dogs, pigs, etc.
Kartlis Tskhovreba: “It was their custom to worship a single god, whom they called Tengri in their language. And they began to write like this: “Mangu Tengri Kuchundur”, that is: “By the power of the immortal god.”
Kirakos: “They have no worship, they do not worship [anyone], but God’s name is mentioned often, on any occasion. And we don’t know whether they are praising the existing god or calling on another deity, and they don’t know either. But usually they tell this: their sovereign is a relative of God, who took the sky as his inheritance and gave the earth to the Khakan. They said that Genghis Khan, the father of the Khakan, was not born from the seed of a man, but simply from invisibility a light appeared and, penetrating through a hole in the roof of the house, said to [Genghis’] mother: “You will conceive and give birth to a son, the lord of the earth.”
Iohanka: “After all, the Tatars, with their military power, subjugated various tribes from the Christian peoples, but allow them to continue to preserve their law and faith, not caring or caring little about who adheres to what faith - so that in worldly service, in paying taxes and collections and in military campaigns, they [the subjects] did for their masters what they were obliged to do according to the published law... And there were Tatars, judges of the Bascards, who, not having been baptized, but were filled with the Nestorian heresy, when we began to preach our faith to them, with they received [her] with joy.”
Bridia: “However, they [found out that] the Tartars believe in one God, the creator of things, visible and invisible, and the giver of goods [measured] for this age, as well as evil. However, they do not honor Him properly because they have different idols. They have certain images of human figures made of felt, which they place on both sides of the entrance to the yurt above the udders, which they made from felt in the same way, and claim that they are the guardians of livestock and sacrifice milk and meat to them. But to a greater extent they revere silk idols, which they place on a covered cart [inside it], [or] at the entrance to the yurt... They do not force anyone to leave their faith, as long as he obeys their orders in everything.”
Thomas of Split: “They are not bound by Christian, Jewish, or Saracen law, and therefore they do not know justice and do not observe fidelity to the oath.”
Rubruk: “So, on the eve of Pentecost, we gathered in our chapel, and Mangu Khan sent three secretaries to act as arbitrators: one Christian, one Sarrazin and one Tuin; and it was stated: “Mangu’s order is as follows, and no one dares to say that this order differs from the order of God. He orders that no one, under threat of death, should dare to speak caustic or insulting words to another and that no one should cause trouble that could interfere with this matter." Then everyone fell silent."
ET: Such rules should be introduced on the Internet!
ET: What faith were Genghis Khan himself and his successors?
VI: “Genghis Khan and his successors were equally patronizing towards all religions and ministers of religious cults. But Khubilai gave preference to one of the Buddhist sects, the so-called “red caps” - the Sakya sect, which developed in Tibet in the 11th century.” .
Juvaini: “Since Genghis Khan did not obey any faith and did not follow any confession, he avoided fanaticism and preference for one religion over another, and from exalting some over others. On the contrary, he revered, loved and honored scientists and hermits of all kinds, considering them mediators before the Lord God, and just as he looked at Muslims with respect, so he had mercy on Christians and idolaters. His children and grandchildren, several in number, chose for themselves one of the faiths according to their inclination: some imposed Islam (on their necks), others followed the Christian community, some chose the veneration of idols, and still others observed the ancient rule of their grandfathers and fathers and did not They didn’t bow to the side, but there are few of them left. Although they accept (different) faiths, they avoid fanaticism and do not shy away from Genghis Khan’s yasa, which orders all rumors to be considered one and no distinctions made between them.”
ET: Mengu-han too.
Rubruk: “It was on this day that Mangu Khan held a feast, and he has such a custom that on those days that his soothsayers call him holidays, or some Nestorian priests call him sacred, he arranges a solemn meeting at court, and On such days, first of all, Christian priests come in their vestments, pray for him and bless his cup. When they leave, the Saracen priests appear and do the same. After them come the priests of idols, doing the same.”
ET: Information about Batu is contradictory.
Wassaf: “Although he [Batu] was of Christian faith, and Christianity is contrary to common sense, but (he) had no inclination or disposition towards any of the religious faiths and teachings, and he was alien to intolerance and boasting.”
Juzjani: “He [Batu] was a very fair man and a friend of the Muslims; Under his patronage, Muslims lived their lives in freedom. In the camp and among its tribes, mosques were built with a community of worshipers, an imam and a muezzin... Some trustworthy people said the following: Batu secretly became a Muslim, but did not reveal (this) and showed complete trust to the followers of Islam... They buried him according to the Mongol rite.”
Juvaini: “He [Batu] was a sovereign who did not adhere to any faith or sect, he considered them only a way of knowing God and was not a follower of any sect or religious teaching.”
Dominican Andre: “The Tartar king strives only for dominance over everyone, as well as for the monarchy of the whole world and does not crave anyone’s death, but allows everyone to remain in their faith after subjugating them, and does not force anyone to convert to a faith alien to him.”
ET: The son and successor of Genesis Sartak was a Christian.
Juvaini: "Sartak was a follower of the Christian religion".
Qazvini: “He (Sartak) chose the Christian faith.”
Juzjani: “After the death of Batu Khan, his son Sartak remained, who treated Muslims extremely cruelly and unfairly... Approaching his uncle Berka Khan, he (Sartak) refused (to visit him), turned off the road and did not go to his uncle. Then Berka Khan sent people to Sartak (to tell him): “I am taking your father’s place; Why are you passing by like a stranger and not coming to me?” When the messengers brought Berka Khan’s news to Sartak, the damned Sartak replied: “You are a Muslim, but I adhere to the Christian faith; seeing a Muslim face (for me) is a misfortune.” May Allah curse him many times!” .
Kirakos: “He had a son named Sartakh, whom we mentioned above, raised by a Christian nurse; Having come of age, he believed in Christ and was baptized by the Syrians who raised him. He greatly alleviated the situation of the church and Christians and, with the consent of his father, issued an order to exempt the priests and the church [from taxes], sent it to all corners, threatening with death those who exacted taxes from the church or clergy, no matter what tribe they belonged to. , even from Muslim mosques and their ministers. From that time on, having grown bolder, the vardapets, bishops and priests began to appear to him. He received everyone kindly and fulfilled all their requests. He himself lived in constant fear of God and piety - he carried an altar with him in his tent, always performing sacred rituals.”
ET: True, he was a strange Christian polygamist.
Rubruk: “He himself has six wives, and his firstborn son has two or three of them next to him.”
ET: Sartak’s successor, Batu’s brother Berke, was a Muslim from birth.
Genealogy of the Turks: “Berke Khan was a Muslim. Some stories mention that Berke Khan was born from his mother (already) a Muslim, so at the moment of birth, no matter how much they wanted to give him milk, he did not take his mother's milk until one of the Muslim women gave him milk and nursed him ".
Juzjani: “When his mother gave birth to Berk Khan, his father said: “I am making this son a Muslim, get him a Muslim nurse so that she will cut his umbilical cord in a Muslim way and so that he drinks Muslim milk, for this son of mine will be a Muslim.” According to According to this instruction, his umbilical cord was cut by a nurse according to the Muslim rite, and he (Berka) drank Muslim milk. After he had reached the end of his training and instruction, several Muslim imams were gathered and one of them was chosen to teach him (Burka) the Koran. that his teaching of the Koran took place in Khojend, from one of the learned pious people of this city.”
ET: Berke has already begun to spread Islam.
Baybars: “In 661 (1263) the ambassadors of Berke, the king of the Tatars, arrived (in Egypt) ... with the news that he had converted to Islam. With them was a letter from him, which contained the names of those who converted to Islam from the Tatar houses and emerged from the crowd of infidels, with a detailed listing of them by tribes and clans, (indicating) individuals and armies, junior and senior.”
ET: Subsequent khans of the Golden Horde were also Muslims, but there were exceptions.
Elbirzali: “He (Tokhta) was infidel in the religion of idol worship, loved the Uighurs, i.e. lamas and wizards, and showed them great honor. He was fair and disposed towards good people of all religions, but he respected Muslims more than others.”
Ibn Kathir: “He (Tokhta) was a decisive and brave man, professed the Tatar faith (which consisted) in the worship of idols and stars, loved lamas, sages and doctors, and patronized Muslims more than all (other) nations.”
AB: This is what is said about Mamai: “The godless King Mamai, seeing his death, began to call upon his gods...” Do you know which ones? Well, Mohammed, of course. However, Mohammed is in the very last place... “... of his gods: Perun and Salavat, and Rakli, and Khors, and his great accomplice Mohammed.”
ET: The adoption of Islam in the Golden Horde dragged on for centuries. This is what an eyewitness writes more than half a century after the Battle of Kulikovo.
Barbaro: “There is nothing else to say about the Tatars, except perhaps that those of them who remained pagans worship idols, carrying them with them on their carts; however, among them there are also those who have the custom of worshiping every day some animal that they met when they first left home.”
ET: That Perun and Khors are present, according to B.A. Uspensky, supported by M.A. Vasiliev, the pagan religions of different peoples did not differ in the eyes of Russian scribes; they believed the existence of a single pagan, non-Orthodox culture. So, the scribe wrote all the pagan gods he knew: Mamai called to the Thunder and the Sun. For it is impossible to simultaneously believe in both Mohammed and Perun. Islam considers idolatry a terrible sin.
Republic of Tatarstan - religion unites a multinational population. And this is true without exaggeration. One of the most multinational republics on the territory of the Russian Federation is Tatarstan. About 3.8 million people living in the territory are represented by more than 115 nationalities, the vast majority of which are Tatars. Religion (Islam) is one of the most basic. About 52.9% of the total population of Tatarstan are Muslims, which determined the predominance of Sunni Islam in this wonderful republic.
The main Tatar religion - Sunni Islam, of course, considers the Koran as its fundamental basis, as well as the Sunnah, the so-called words of the Prophet Muhammad. Sunni Tatars, whose religion does not recognize the possibility of mediation between the common people and Allah after the Prophet Muhammad meets his death, in their communities conduct a kind of election of governors - caliphs, who carry out the connection between Muslims and the Supreme Deity.
Muslim traditions and customs are, of course, observed by all Tatars. The religion of Islam implies:
Firstly, the recognition of the Prophet Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah, as well as unquestioning submission and worship of the Supreme God;
Secondly, reading the daily salat prayer;
Thirdly, the submission of “zakat” by every Muslim - a tax in the amount of 2.5% of the total capital accumulated over 12 months in favor of the needy and poor;
Fourthly, observing the sacred fast “saum”, which lasts throughout the month of Ramadan;
Fifthly, pilgrimage to Mecca. It is believed that a true Muslim must perform Hajj at least once in his life.
Some of the most revered are Uraza Bayram and Kurban Bayram. Eid al-Fitr (or Uraza Bayram) is a celebration dedicated to the end of the sacred. On this day, all relatives gather in one house, in a cozy atmosphere, as there is a belief that it is on this day that the souls of all relatives who have left this world return to their loved ones .
Kurban Bayram (Eid al Adha) is a holiday when all Muslims of the world perform sacrifices to praise the Almighty God Allah. Sacrificing an animal is not obligatory, but is counted by the Deity and is rewarded in the future with material wealth, which is equal to the number of hairs growing on the body of the sacrificed animal.
The second religion in terms of the number of believers is Orthodoxy. About 40% are adherents of this denomination. A large number of temples and churches are concentrated in the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. On major Orthodox holidays, such as Easter, Epiphany and many others, churches are crowded with believers.
In addition to Orthodoxy and Islam, on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan you can find a fairly large number of believers professing Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Confucianism. This is evidenced, firstly, by the fact that as of 2008, about 1,400 and secondly, 1,400 religious buildings were officially registered in the Republic of Tatarstan. Moreover, Muslim mosques occupy the vast majority - 1,150 buildings. There are 200 buildings of Orthodox churches, temples, cathedrals and chapels. The remaining 50 places of worship belong to other religious denominations.
The Tatars, whose religion is divided into a colossal number of branches, are very peaceful and friendly people. According to local residents, despite religion, all people walk under one God, so oppressing someone because of their religious views is wrong and should be punishable by law. The most important quality that is characteristic of the Tatar people is tolerance and religious tolerance.
Tatars have been practicing Islam for more than a thousand years. This religion determines their moral and spiritual character. Its foundations permeate all spheres of life, social and family relationships, customs and traditions. The power of faith inspires a true Muslim to good deeds and keeps him from sinful acts.
Today Kazan is one of the largest Muslim centers in Russia. But everyone remembers what a thorny path the traditional religion of the Tatar world had to go through. Its history has seen both prosperity and periods of oblivion. However, despite government and political changes, modern residents of Tatarstan remember, honor and follow the religion inherited from their ancestors.
Islam appeared during the Volga Bulgaria era. With the adoption of this religion, it turned into a full-fledged state and achieved unprecedented prosperity in the field of education. History knows the names of the great Bulgarian scientists in the fields of medicine, history and Islamic jurisprudence.
As a result of the attack of the Golden Horde, Volga Bulgaria lost its independence. Since then, Islam has become a persecuted and forbidden religion. Hundreds of mosques were destroyed, and the tradition of building stone religious buildings was lost forever. Madrasahs and prayer houses at that time were huddled in small wooden buildings. And only after separating from the Golden Horde, the Tatars again returned the official status to Islam. It became a powerful unifying factor for the population of the Kazan Khanate, which was the successor to Volga Bulgaria.
Revival of religion
Since the end of the 18th century, a new wave of the revival of Islam began. It is associated with the names of the great enlightenment scientists Marjani and Kursavi. Tatar thinkers became the first in the Islamic world to raise national issues and called for their new decision. Thus, Jadid scientists (supporters of the new socio-political movement) Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Galimdzhan Barudi and Zainulla Rasuli opened new method madrassas: “Galia” in Ufa, “Rasulia” in Troitsk and “Muhammadiyya” in Kazan. The active construction of stone stones and the training of theologians made it possible for the capital of the Kazan province to become a center of Islamic culture and Muslim education.
In the modern history of our country, Tatarstan is already successfully returning the forgotten traditions of the Muslim world. Today in the Republic there are over a thousand mosques, many religious publishing houses, newspapers and magazines. Since 1992, the Republican University has been operating, and since 1998, the Russian Islamic University.
Muslim Tatars living in Kazan are reviving their religion with a pure heart and the name of Allah on their lips. In worship and submission to the Almighty they find the true meaning of life.
To the question, what religion do the Tatars belong to??? given by the author Wild Angel the best answer is The ancestors of the Tatars - the Bulgars (who inhabited Volga Bulgaria) converted to Islam in 922. Having become part of Russia, part of the Tatars adopted Christianity, and this group of Tatars who converted to Christianity is often united into a separate ethnic group - the Kryashens.
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Oracle
(74253)
This does not at all contradict the norms of Islam and Christianity.
Spouses may be of different religions.
Answer from Ermek Kundakov[guru]
Islam since the 10th century.
Answer from Irina[guru]
mostly Muslims
and so: I met different-)
Answer from User deleted[guru]
They don't "relate". Most of them are Muslims, significantly fewer are Orthodox; there are other faiths, but very few.
Answer from Ilya Muromets[guru]
To the Tatar diaspora (((
Answer from Andrey Pyartman[guru]
The traditional religion of the Tatars is Sunni Islam, with the exception of a small group of Kryashen Christians who were converted to Orthodoxy in the 16th-18th centuries.
Answer from Art Sool.[guru]
They were pagans until the 8th century, bowing to all sorts of spirits and gods, then they were forced to accept Islam on pain of death.
The first Turkic state to convert to Islam was the Khazar Khaganate. In 737, the Arab commander Marwan defeated the Khazar army and peace was achieved, the condition of which was the adoption of Islam by the Khaganate and its entourage. After this, Islam very quickly began to spread among the population of this state. Back in 650, with the death of Kubrat, Great Azov Bulgaria ceased to exist, which then in 651 entered the newly formed Khazar Khaganate. By the will of fate, the Bulgars converted to Islam. When the Kagan, who professes Judaism, came to power in 790, many Muslims began to leave the country. At this time, Turkic tribes, among which the Bulgars predominated, began to move to the Middle Volga region. Having united with local Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes, the Bulgars in the 9th century created Volga Bulgaria, which was still subordinate to the Khazar Khaganate. But at the end of the 9th - beginning of the 10th century, the Kaganate began to weaken. To demonstrate its independence, in 922 Volga Bulgaria officially converted to Islam.
After the defeat of the Golden Horde by Tamerlane at the end of the 14th century, Ulug Ulus weakened so much that in the 40s of the 15th century it ceased to exist. On its ruins, the Tatar khanates were created, among which the most prominent were the Kazan and Crimean khanates. In all Tatar khanates, Islam became the state religion.
In 1552 - 1556, the Kazan Khanate was conquered by Moscow. The Russian state carried out forced Christianization towards the Tatars, especially in the Volga region. However, having become convinced of the futility of such a policy, the Russian state was forced to recognize Islam. In 1788, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims - the Muftiate - was created, the first mufti of which was Muhammedzhan Khusainov.
As we can see, the adoption of Islam by the Tatars began in the 8th century and ended in the 14th - 16th centuries....
Answer from Otto[newbie]
Any religion is not true by definition. Religions are created to divide and manipulate populations.
Answer from Midved the Blessed[guru]
Witnesses of Pokhuism.
Answer from Yoashin DAD[guru]
Religion is not determined by nationality. but by faith. God gave people freedom. And a person of any nationality can be of any faith. Many people believe. Once a Tatar, it means a Muslim. This is a thinking stereotype. God gave Orthodoxy to the Russians 1000 years ago and Glory to God. By the way, many Tatars accepted Orthodoxy and once again thank God for bringing us to the truth!
Answer from Hare[guru]
chakchaktsi
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