Information about Volkov in detail. Common wolf, gray wolf
We have already been sufficiently frightened by the harmfulness of industrial food dyes. Therefore, the question of how to prepare natural food colors at home is becoming increasingly relevant. Vintage cookbooks, by the way...
We have already been sufficiently frightened by the harmfulness of industrial food dyes. Therefore, the question of how to prepare natural food colors at home is becoming increasingly relevant.
Ancient cookbooks, by the way, contained such recipes in abundance. Previously, housewives made them themselves, not suspecting that these dyes were the healthiest. Where can I get ingredients for food coloring? Yes, in the nearest vegetable department!
How to prepare the dye?
You need to boil vegetables of the appropriate color, mash them into a puree and rub through a very fine sieve. Then simmer the liquid in an open saucepan over high heat.
If you add 2 teaspoons of sugar to the resulting mass, it will become thicker and more convenient for working with confectionery products. This dye is also suitable for desserts with multi-colored whipped cream. Please note that for colored whipped cream you need to add coloring after foaming.
How to make colored powder?
Coconut is used for this. You need to combine 2 tablespoons of coconut flakes with 1-2 teaspoons of dye in a bowl, let it absorb, after which the bright powder for cakes or cupcakes is ready.
How to make colored glaze?
Mix the resulting dye with powdered sugar to a paste and then cover the cake or pastries. Natural dyes (without sugar) can be stored for only 1-2 days.
Concentrated dye with sugar can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. It can also be frozen in molds and used as needed.
And now some delicious paint recipes:
- The yellow-red dye is obtained from carrot puree.
- The green coloring comes from spinach puree.
- Spinach dye has a pleasant sour taste and does not lose color when heated.
- It can be used to color not only confectionery products, but also jellies, drinks, and butter for sandwiches.
- Lilac dye - lilac cabbage puree.
- Pink dye can be made from beet puree.
- Brown coloring is made from dissolved cocoa powder and melted chocolate.
- Bright yellow paint can be obtained using saffron. A pinch of this spice should be soaked in a small amount of water for a day. The paint is bright and durable. Widely used in desserts and baked goods.
- Red, burgundy and crimson paint of different shades is made from berry juices (cherries, pomegranates, raspberries, currants, cranberries.
There are not always colored coconut flakes on the market, and if you do come across them, the color or color is not what is needed at that moment. There is an opportunity to simply improve the situation - paint ordinary snow-white coconut flakes.
For this we will need coconut flakes. white and colored food dyes. Only dry food colors (in powder) or food coloring in tubes are suitable (the mixture is like toothpaste).
Let's sleep it off required quantity snow-white shavings in plastic bag ik. Squeeze a little food paint out of the tube there. We hold the top of the bag with one hand so that the shavings do not spill out, and with the other we simply squeeze and rub the bag of shavings (as if we are washing a small thing). The chips are evenly stained and acquire a suitable color. If you want to get a more saturated color, add a little more paint and repeat the process. It is possible to combine different dyes, then you will get more colors and colors, but this must be done in a separate container. Squeeze out a little dye of various colors and mix thoroughly, later add to the snow-white shavings.
You can store it in bags, tie it tightly and put it in a jar with a lid.
In this case, the dye is in powder, that is, you can simply pour the dye and snow-white shavings into a hermetically sealed container and shake vigorously - the shavings will quickly color. To get shavings coffee color, use cocoa powder.
Materials provided from the website www.otvetin.ru
Housewives who like to do everything with their own hands are thinking about how to make coconut shavings at home to decorate desserts. There's nothing complicated about it, let's buy it fresh coconut, food colors and decorate desserts.
It will take you 30 minutes to prepare colored shavings; one medium-sized coconut will yield approximately 150 g of product.
Ingredients:
- coconut – 1 pc.;
- blue food coloring.
Ingredients. You can color the shavings in different colors, depending on my preference, I used blue chips in this recipe.
We cut the coconut. There are several ways to free this huge nut from its shell. First we pierce sharp knife hole in one of the three dark spots on the top of the nut, insert a cocktail straw, drink delicious coconut milk. Then we tap the coconut with the handle of a knife, and when the flesh comes away from the walls, we split the shell. You can cut the coconut in half with a regular hacksaw, in which case you will be left with two nice shells in which you can serve desserts. festive table.
We take out the coconut flesh and peel off the thin brown husk. Grate the white pulp on a fine grater.
Dissolve in a tablespoon boiled water blue food coloring. The solution must be made bright, concentrated, and ensure that no grains of undissolved dye remain in it.
Place the coconut shavings in a transparent plastic bag, add the dye diluted in water, close the bag and intensively knead the shavings until they are evenly colored in a bright blue color.
Lay out the painted shavings on clean paper and leave them in warm place for several hours. When the shavings are completely dry, they are ready to decorate holiday desserts. You can speed up the drying process and place it in the oven for 15-20 minutes (temperature 70-80 degrees Celsius, door ajar), but there is a danger that the color intensity will decrease under the influence of temperature. We also recommend that you prepare a delicious one.
If in the future you need to beautifully package your dessert or pastries, then use boxes from the Uni-Pack company, on whose website you can choose almost any packaging for your culinary masterpiece.
Wolf, or gray wolf, or common wolf - carnivorous mammal canine family. Together with the coyote and the jackal, it forms a small genus of wolves. In addition, as shown by the results of DNA sequence studies and genetic drift, it is the direct ancestor of the domestic dog, which is usually considered a subspecies of the wolf. The wolf is the largest animal in its family: its body length (without tail) can reach 160 cm, tail up to 52 cm, height at the withers up to 90 cm; body weight up to 86 kg. Once upon a time the wolf had much greater distribution in Eurasia and North America. In our time, its range and total number animals have noticeably decreased, mainly as a result of human activity: changes natural landscapes, urbanization and mass extermination. In many regions of the world the wolf is on the brink complete disappearance, although in the north of the continents its population still remains stable. Despite the fact that the wolf population continues to decline, it is still hunted in many places as a potential danger to humans and livestock, or for entertainment. As one of the key predators, wolves play a very important role in the balance of ecosystems in biomes such as forests temperate latitudes, taiga, tundra, mountain systems and steppes. In total, there are approximately 32 subspecies of wolves, differing in size and shades of fur. On the territory Russian Federation The most common species are common and tundra wolves. The Slavic word wolf goes back to Proto-Indo-European vocabulary. Appearance The size and overall weight of wolves are subject to strong geographic variability; it was noticed that they change proportionally depending on the surrounding climate and in full accordance with Bergmann’s rule (the more cold climate, the larger the animal). In general, the height of animals at the withers ranges from 60-95 cm, length 105-160 cm, and weight 32-62 kg, which makes common wolf one of the most large mammals in the family. Newly grown (one-year-old) wolves weigh between 20-30 kg, mature wolves (2-3 years old) - 35-45 kg. A wolf matures at the age of 2.5-3 years, reaching a weight of 50 kilograms or more. In Siberia and Alaska, large seasoned wolves can weigh more than 77 kg. A large animal was recorded in 1939 in Alaska: its weight was about 80 kg. An 86-kilogram wolf was killed in Ukraine in the Poltava region. It is believed that in Siberia the weight of individual specimens can exceed 92 kg. The smallest subspecies should be considered the Arabian wolf, the females of which mature age can weigh only 10 kg. Within one population, males are always larger than females by about 20%, and with a more forehead-shaped head. By general appearance The wolf resembles a large, pointy-eared dog. Legs are high and strong; the paw is larger and more elongated than a dog's, the length of the footprint is about 9 - 12 cm, the width is 7 cm, the middle two toes are more forward, the toes are not spread out and the print is more prominent than that of a dog. The track of a wolf's tracks is smoother and forms an almost even line, while for dogs it is a winding line. The head is broad-browed, the muzzle is relatively wide, strongly elongated and framed on the sides by “whiskers”. The massive muzzle of the wolf distinguishes it well from the jackal and coyote, in which it is narrower and sharper. In addition, it is very expressive: scientists distinguish more than 10 facial expressions: anger, anger, humility, affection, fun, alertness, threat, calmness, fear. The skull is large, massive, high. Nasal opening wide, especially noticeably widening downwards. Maximum length skulls of males 268-285, females 251-268, condylobasal length of the skull, males 250-262, females 230-247, zygomatic width of males 147-160, females 136-159, interorbital width of males 84 - 90, females 78 - 85, length upper row of teeth: males 108-116, females 100-112 mm.
The structure of a wolf's teeth - important characteristic, which determines the lifestyle of this predator. The upper jaw has 6 incisors, 2 canines, 8 premolars and 4 molars. The lower jaw contains 2 more molars. The fourth upper premolars and the first lower molars constitute carnivorous teeth that perform main role when cutting game. Important role The fangs with which the predator holds and drags the prey also play a role. A wolf's teeth can withstand a load of more than 10 megapascals and are both its main weapon and means of defense. Their loss is disastrous for the wolf and leads to hunger and loss of capacity. The tail is quite long, thick and, unlike a dog's, is always lowered; hunters call it “log”. The tail is the expressive “language” of the wolf. By its position and movement one can judge the mood of the wolf, if he is calm or afraid, his position in the pack. Wolves' fur is thick, quite long and consists of two layers, which is why sometimes the animal looks larger than it actually is. The first layer of wool consists of hard guard hairs that repel water and dirt. The second layer, called the undercoat, contains waterproof down that keeps the animal warm. Late spring or early summer fluff flakes off from the body in clumps (molting), while animals rub against stones or tree branches to facilitate this process. There are significant differences in coloration between wolf subspecies, often according to environment. Timber wolves- gray-brown. Tundra - light, almost white. Desert ones are grayish-reddish. In the highlands Central Asia Wolves are bright ocher in color. In addition, there are pure white, red or almost black individuals. In wolf cubs, the color is uniform, dark and lightens with age, and the blue iris of the eyes usually becomes golden yellow or orange after 8-16 weeks of life. In rare cases, wolves have blue eyes for their entire lives. Within the same population, coat color can also vary among individuals or have mixed shades. The differences relate only to the outer layer of the coat - the undercoat is always gray. It is often believed that the color of the coat is intended to blend the animal with its environment, that is, it acts as camouflage; however, this is not entirely true: some scientists point out that mixed colors enhance the individuality of a particular individual. Wolf tracks are distinguishable from dog tracks in several ways: the side fingers (index and little fingers) are set back more than the middle fingers (middle and ring fingers), if you draw a straight line from the tip of the little finger to the tip index finger then the back ends of the middle fingers will only slightly extend beyond this line, while the dog will have about a third of the length of the pads of the middle fingers behind the line. Also, the wolf keeps its paw “in a ball”, so the print is more prominent, and therefore the wolf’s footprint is somewhat smaller than the footprint of a dog of the same size. In addition, the track of a wolf's tracks is much straighter than the track of a dog's tracks, which serves as a reliable " identification mark" The track of a seasoned wolf has a length of 9.5 - 10.5 cm, a width of 6-7 cm, a she-wolf - 8.5-9.5 cm and 5-6 cm.
Habitat IN historical time among terrestrial mammals The wolf's range occupied the second largest area after the human range, covering most of Northern Hemisphere; has now decreased greatly. In Europe, the wolf is preserved in Spain, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Scandinavia, the Balkans, and the Baltic states. In Asia, it inhabits Korea, partly China and the Hindustan Peninsula, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, the north of the Arabian Peninsula; extinct in Japan. In North America it is found from Alaska to Mexico. In Russia it is absent only on some islands (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands). The wolf lives in a variety of landscapes, but prefers steppes, semi-deserts, tundra, forest-steppe, avoiding dense forest areas. In the mountains it is distributed from the foothills to the area of alpine meadows, sticking to open, slightly rugged areas. Can settle close to human habitation. IN taiga zone spread after humans as the taiga was cut down. The wolf is a fairly territorial creature. Breeding pairs, and often flocks, live sedentary in certain areas, the boundaries of which are indicated by odorous marks. The diameter of the area occupied by the flock in winter is usually 30-60 kilometers. In spring and summer, when the flock breaks up, the territory occupied by it is divided into several fragments. The best of them is captured and held by the main pair, the rest of the wolves switch to a semi-vagrant lifestyle. In open steppes and tundra, wolves often wander after moving herds of livestock or domestic reindeer. Dens are built for breeding; Usually they are served by natural shelters - crevices in rocks, thickets of bushes, etc. Sometimes wolves occupy the holes of badgers, marmots, arctic foxes and other animals, less often they dig them themselves. The female is most attached to the den while raising offspring; the male does not use it. The young are bred in sheltered places: in the forest belt - mainly in dense bushes, on manes among swampy swamps; in the steppes - along ravines overgrown with bushes, gullies and dry reed beds near lakes; in the tundra - on the hills. It is characteristic that wolves never hunt close to their home, but at a distance of 7-10 km and further. After the wolf cubs grow up, the animals stop using a permanent den, but settle down to rest in different but reliable places. Small wolf cubs are brownish in color, very similar to ordinary puppies. Lifestyle and nutrition Wolf - typical predator, obtaining food by actively searching for and pursuing victims. The basis of food for wolves is ungulates: in the tundra - reindeer; in the forest zone - elk, deer, roe deer, wild boars; in the steppes and deserts - antelopes. Wolves also attack domestic animals (sheep, cows, horses), including dogs. They also catch, especially solitary wolves, smaller prey: hares, gophers, mouse-like rodents. In summer, wolves do not miss the opportunity to eat a clutch of eggs, chicks sitting on the nests or feeding on the ground of grouse, waterfowl and other birds. Domestic geese are also often caught. Foxes sometimes become prey for wolves, raccoon dogs, corsacs; Occasionally, hungry wolves attack bears sleeping in a den. There are many known cases when they tore and ate weakened animals, wounded by hunters or seriously injured in a fight during the rutting season. Unlike many other predators, wolves often return to the uneaten remains of their prey, especially during the hungry season. They do not disdain the corpses of livestock, but sea coasts- carcasses of seals and other sea animals washed ashore. During periods of food shortage, wolves eat reptiles, frogs and even large insects(beetles, locusts). Wolves, especially in southern regions, eat and plant food- various berries, wild and garden fruits, even mushrooms. In the steppes, they often raid melon fields, watermelons and melons, satisfying not so much hunger as thirst, since they need regular, plentiful watering.They are active mainly at night. Wolves often make their presence known with a loud howl, which is very different among seasoned males, she-wolves and young animals. Of the external senses, the wolf has the best developed hearing, a little worse - the sense of smell; vision is much weaker. Well developed higher nervous activity In wolves, it is combined with strength, agility, speed and other physical characteristics that increase the chances of this predator in the struggle for existence. If necessary, the wolf reaches speeds of up to 55-60 km/h and is capable of traveling up to 60-80 km per night. And it accelerates to a gallop in a few seconds, covering 4 meters, after which it rushes at full speed. When attacking a herd, wolves often kill several animals, tearing out their throats or ripping open their bellies. Wolves keep uneaten meat in reserve. There have been cases of wolf attacks on humans. Mentally, the wolf is highly developed. This is expressed in the ability to navigate the environment and avoid danger, as well as in hunting methods. There are known cases when a pack of wolves was divided, and one part remained in ambush, while the other caught prey. In a pack chasing an elk or deer, often some wolves run on the heels of the victim, while others run across them or cowardly slowly and, having rested, replace the leaders until they starve the victim out. Cases of almost human intelligence in wolves have also been observed. For example, there was a case when hunters in a helicopter drove wolves into a grove. At first they could not be found, but then, when the hunters got off the helicopter and entered the grove on foot, it turned out that the wolves had stood on hind legs, and pressed themselves against the tree trunks, grasping them with their front paws, so that it was extremely difficult to notice them from a helicopter.
Social behavior and reproduction Wolves are monogamous, meaning there is one female for every male. In addition, it is typical for wolves family image life: they live in flocks of 3 to 40 individuals - family groups, consisting of a pair of leaders - an alpha male and an alpha female, their relatives, as well as alien lone wolves. Pairs are formed indefinitely long term- until one of the partners dies. Within the pack there is a strictly defined hierarchy, at the top of which is the dominant pair, followed by adult family members, lone wolves and, at the end, the pups of the last litter. As a rule, instinct forces predators to look for a partner and breeding territory outside their pack. The dispersion of animals that have reached sexual maturity occurs all year round, and puppies from the same litter usually do not mate together. Puberty occurs in the third or fourth year of life.Greetings, friends!
In this post I decided to talk about the wolf totem. Working with totem animals is one of the effective methods self-development. It makes it possible to realize your strengths and weaknesses, your characteristics. By activating the energy of the totem in ourselves, we receive additional strength and protection.
In this and subsequent posts, I plan to talk about totems and animals of power that I myself have worked with. I will provide information about the rest for informational purposes only. However, many groups of totems have similar characteristics and, let’s say, functionality.
For example, representatives of a particular family (felines, canines, mustelids) have a lot in common, although, of course, there are also features inherent to this particular representative. Therefore, it will be possible to draw some analogies, taking information about one of them as a basis.
How many animal powers can one person have?
Regarding the question about the number of totems and power animals, I believe that a person still has one totem animal. The one that most reflects his character, and the one that leads him along the path of development.
However, our unconscious is connected to the energies of all animals, to one degree or another. Therefore, it is very natural that we can connect to other totems. This is especially useful for mastering patterns of behavior that were not typical for us before, expanding the range of actions.
For example, I have one personal totem, and I interact with the others as power animals. However, the names are not so important, it is rather symbols for convenience. The principle of interaction in both cases is practically the same.
Wolf totem
The wolf is perhaps one of the most common totems, which is why I decided to start with it. It is considered masculine, but working with its energy is also available to women. It is very multifaceted, very difficult.
It takes time to tune into his energy. Although it is among the “wolf people” that more often than among all other groups there are those who, from childhood, are aware of their connection with the wolf.
Spiritual paths, the search for purpose, self-knowledge - these are his themes. It so happened that the totem animal wolf appeared in my life when I was at a crossroads. It was not clear to me which way to go next, and the wolf led me very confidently.
Intuition became sharper, contact with oneself became more dense, and then, later, it seemed strange that earlier there were doubts, and the path was not obvious.
At the same time, I was actively involved in creativity and vocals, and this is also not an accident. In general, the wolf patronizes vocalists.
It is known that wolf howl- tonal. It distinguishes huge amount different tones and timbres that are signals.
Along with the energy of the wolf comes also some introversion, self-absorption, and thoughtfulness. This totem also gives strength, physical endurance. With him, I learned to spend my energy more wisely, to distance myself from everything that could deprive me of my strength, and it was a very useful lesson.
In addition, the wolf works great with fears. If you called him and he came to you, you will almost immediately feel that you are under powerful protection. There comes a feeling of balance, calmness and even some slowdown. There is a feeling of distance and at the same time a feeling of shoulder, as with a faithful friend.
In general, when working with the energy of the wolf, I felt not so much patronage as cooperation, that is, interaction on equal terms. This energy is not somewhere separate. It is inside you, and manifests itself directly through you. And at the same time, this energy is isolated.
Which, however, fully reflects the behavior of a wolf in nature: on the one hand, he can live in a pack and tenderly care for the members of the pack, and on the other, be a loner and not depend on anyone. Dissolving and not losing yourself is another lesson of this totem.
By the way, a wolf and a dog are still two different totems. They have different tasks, although they undoubtedly have similarities.
To work with the energy of a wolf, a talisman is suitable, for example, in the form of a pendant like this, depicting this animal. For men who have a wolf totem, we can recommend this solid mug with the image of the beast. However, if you wish, you can make a pocket wooden amulet or make an image on a piece of paper - choose what suits you best and trust your intuition.
Archetype of the wolf among the ancient Slavs and other peoples
Wolf image among the Slavs was associated with the god of fertility - Veles, and also, possibly, with Dazhdbog, who turned into a lame wolf, and some other Slavic deities.
This archetype had a dual meaning. On the one hand, it symbolized endurance, determination and intelligence, and on the other, evil spirits, lower instincts and was closely associated with werewolfism, when a person who failed to curb his animal instincts turned into a wolf.
The wolf was also a guide to another world, and existed, as it were, on different layers of reality - between This and That world. He was feared, but also revered, and his fangs were worn as amulets that protected from evil spirits and gave courage and perseverance.
In addition, the wolf was associated with the image of a warrior - brave, selfless, fighting to the end.
U ancient Scandinavians two wolves are assistants to the god Odin, his accompaniments and guides. By the way, the image of a wolf is often associated with the image of a raven. The god Odin also had two raven assistants.
In addition, in Norse mythology there is also the wolf Fenrir (child of the fire god Loki), who, according to predictions, will devour the god Odin at the very end. He represents chaos and destructive force, temporarily chained. The god of war, Tyr, sacrificed his hand to pacify Fenrir.
U Indians North America The wolf was revered as a protector and wise guide. Indian shamans often adopted wolves as power animals. They also had a widespread cult of the coyote as a totem animal.
The character and appearance of people with a wolf totem
Such people are usually athletic. Average build, often with a tendency towards thinness. They have good appetite, prefer for the most part meat food. The look is penetrating, and somehow it makes you feel a little uneasy.
They are usually somewhat introverted, but not so self-absorbed that they fail to keep track of what is happening in the world. outside world. On the contrary, they are very observant and nothing escapes their gaze.
They are faithful, devoted, value friendship, and are ready to help at any time. Often good family men. However, they need their own space.
Oddly enough, wolves sometimes allow themselves to be abused by people close to them, but, having escaped the captivity of such relationships, they can then cruelly take revenge on the offender.
A wolf, like a dog, can endure for a very long time. However, his patience always has a clear limit. If he already for a long time allows him to cross, then it is most likely not a wolf, but a dog.
Such people feel quite comfortable both alone and in company. Although they tend to be somewhat introverted, they are good communicators and pleasant to deal with. Intelligence, competent speech, the ability to listen to the interlocutor attracts people to them.
Also, as I said above, the wolf totem often patronizes musical people. In general, people with this totem can be found in any profession, but instinctively they are drawn to areas where hierarchy is expressed. Therefore, among them there are many employees of law enforcement agencies and the military.
Despite the fact that the wolf has good defense, he would rather prevent a conflict, and certainly not provoke it, unless, of course, he is pursuing some special goal.
Such a person will not get involved in fights just to wave his fists or prove something. It is almost impossible to take it weakly. However, he will fight to the last if someone close to him is under threat.
The main conflict that the wolf resolves is, of course, the balance between freedom and belonging. Such a person has a very developed sense of duty. And at the same time, he needs to feel independent. If he can maintain this balance, he will be happy.
We can talk about the wolf forever. However, it should be understood that even within the same species, wolves can vary greatly. Individualism is very wolf-like. In nature in wolf packs Each wolf is an individual, and his place is clearly assigned to him.
Therefore, people with this totem can be quite different from each other. In this article I described typical features, characteristic of them. In order to understand such a person, you need to understand general concept wolf, feel it from the inside.
In addition, the animal of power still gives each person something different. The wolf rewards some with greater insight, others with speed, some with intelligence, and others with communication skills. We can also observe these accents.
Conclusion
I guess I'll stop here today. I hope the article was interesting and useful for you, write comments and ask questions.
And I’m not saying goodbye to you - see you in the next post.