Average height of a redwood tree. Coniferous trees
Published: May 14, 2011 at 02:58
The huge sequoias in California are among the largest and oldest trees in the world. They grow more than 76 meters in height, that is, approximately the size of a 25-story building, reaching 9 meters in diameter. The General Sherman sequoia in Sequoia National Park measures 1,478 cubic meters. meters, i.e. by weight this is 21,800 people weighing 68 kg each! The age of sequoia reaches 3000 years. The oldest sequoias reach an age of 3,500 years.
1. Evergreen sequoia: giant sequoias, Mariposa Grove, Yosemite National Park, California.
2. Evergreen Sequoia: Passage through a sequoia tree
The passage through the redwood tree is specially designed to allow visitors to walk through it. Sequoia National Park, August 2007
3. Evergreen Sequoia, Moro Rock
Moro Rock is a great place for panoramic views in Sequoia National Park, California, USA. It is located in the center of the park. The staircase is carved into the rock; visitors can climb to the very top. The view from the cliff is simply stunning. August 2007.
4. Evergreen Sequoia: Black Bear
Black bears (Ursus americanus) are still found in the Sierra Mountains. They are much smaller than grizzly bears. A male black bear rarely reaches a weight of 180 kg, while females reach a size of 112.5 kg. Despite their name, black bears can be brown, tan, or light in color. Sequoia National Park, August 2007.
5. Evergreen Sequoia: Black Bear
Be quiet and don't move! A black bear walks through Sequoia National Park. August 2007.
6. Evergreen Sequoia: Coastal Sequoia
A sequoia washed ashore in La Push, Clallam County, Washington, June 15, 2010
7. Evergreen Sequoia: Coastal Sequoia
The shore in the town of La Push. Pine or sequoia? March 21, 2009
8. Evergreen Sequoia: Giant Sequoias
Huge redwood trees in Sequoia National Park, August 2007.
9. Evergreen Sequoia: Gray Squirrel
Sequoia National Park is home to a large population of gray squirrels. Sequoia National Park, August 2007.
10. Evergreen Sequoia: Sequoia Roots
The roots of a fallen sequoia tree make an impression. Surprisingly, for a tree of this size, its roots are not very large. Sequoia National Park, August 2007
11. Evergreen Sequoia: Redwoods in the Fog
Redwood trees in the fog in King's Canyon National Park, May 24, 2008.
12. Evergreen sequoia: man and sequoia
A man against a background of sequoia trees. Sequoia National Park, August 2007
13. Evergreen Sequoia: The Largest Sequoia in the World, General Sherman
The base of the General Sherman tree, which is truly enormous, is located in the heart of the National Park. This is the largest tree in the world. Sequoia National Park, August 2007
14. Evergreen Sequoia: The Largest Sequoia in the World, General Sherman
The largest sequoia in the world (by volume) is called “Captain Sherman”. Its height is 83.8 meters. By 2002, its volume was 1,487 cubic meters. The tree is located in Sequoia National Park, California. This tree is approximately 2300 to 2700 years old. Sequoia National Park
Sometimes, when observing certain plants during the growing season, you cannot decide when you like it best - in spring, summer or autumn? Here is Japanese spirea among these plants. Her appearance is constantly changing. And although I chose to write this article the moment when it blooms, I’m still not sure that I’m right. In spring and autumn, its foliage plays with incredible colors and shades. But, in addition to beauty, it is also an unpretentious shrub.
Baby formula candy with coconut and waffles is a simple homemade dessert made from inexpensive and readily available ingredients. Homemade sweets turn out tastier than store-bought ones, even if they don’t contain chocolate; of course, we don’t take into account the elite brands of chocolate makers. During times of total food shortages, housewives passed on homemade recipes to each other, added something of their own to it, fantasized, and the result was delicious candies that were easy to prepare in half an hour.
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Some of the most amazing trees on our planet are sequoias. These majestic giants have been growing tall and wide for thousands of years and today are the tallest plants in the world
Giant sequoias are a subspecies of cypress. The sight of these huge trees, whose trunks and crowns go tens of meters into the air, involuntarily evokes admiration...
The oldest currently known sequoias are more than 3.5 thousand years old.
The average height of trees is about 60 meters, but there are also entire groves over 90 meters high. Today, about fifty sequoias are known whose height exceeds the 105-meter mark
The tallest currently known tree on our planet is the Hyperion sequoia, which grows in Redwood National Park near San Francisco. The height of this giant is 115.5 meters
There is an interesting subspecies of sequoias - sequoiadendrons, characterized by a smaller height but a larger diameter of trunks. The most voluminous sequoia in the world belongs to this subspecies, the 83.8-meter General Sherman, whose base diameter is 11.1 meters and trunk girth is 31.3 meters. The volume of the tree is 1487 m3
Thanks to the colossal area of trunks, even small cafes and dance floors were set up on the logs of fallen trees.
It is usually difficult to imagine the real scale from a photograph, so I specifically found several photographs in which there are people - to make it easier to compare sizes)
On planet Earth there is a special genus of trees containing only one species. This monotypic genus of trees is called sequoia. Redwood trees grow along the Pacific coast of North America. Sequoia evergreen or red Sequoia sempervirens), taxodium evergreen Taxodium sempervirens) is all the same tree.
These woody plants are distinguished from others by their height, the average value of which is about 90 meters, but there are also record holders. The sequoia, which was called the “Father of Forests,” had its maximum height. It grew in the past, unfortunately, it has not survived to our times. There is only one record holder left.
The maximum height that was recorded at the “Father of Forests” tree is 135 meters! Today, the maximum height of a sequoia environment belongs to the tree "Hyperion", named after the titan of ancient Greek mythology.
"Hyperion" is an evergreen sequoia with a maximum height of 115.6 meters and is the tallest tree on Earth. You can admire it by visiting Redwood National Park, located in northern California in the USA.
Naturalist Chris Atkinson and his assistant Michael Taylor, among a belt of tall trees, found a particularly gigantic tree that was later named "Hyperion". This happened in the summer of 2006. The diameter of the tree is no less huge - at the level of one and a half meters, the diameter of the tree is about 5 meters! The estimated age of the giant is about 800 years.
- Application
- Characteristics of wood
- Varieties used
Sequoiaceae occupy a special place in the cypress family, including several genera of truly unique trees, the only representatives of which are Sequoia sempervirens and Sequoiadendron.
Gigantic pine trees, as sequoias are also called, in ancient times they were distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere; today in our country several specimens of trees are planted in parks on the Black Sea coast; they are also grown in greenhouses or botanical gardens. But the only place where their natural habitat has been preserved is a relatively small area of the Pacific coast of North America: Redwood National Park and the Muir Forest Reserve in California, approximately 800 km long and about 80 km wide, a small part of eastern Texas and Maryland, the eastern coast Canada.
Description of the species
There has been much debate about the origin of the name “sequoia”, given to it by the Austrian biologist Stefan Endliger. Opinions have been expressed that this is an empty set of sounds, a designation of the sequential order of the location of seeds in cones, and, finally, the name of the famous leader of the Cherokee tribe. The last option is considered the most likely.
These trees prefer a humid maritime climate, which is explained by their concentration on the ocean. It’s not for nothing that they are called giants - the height of sequoia is rarely below 60 m, but taller specimens are more often found - up to 100–115 m. The width of the trunks corresponds to gigantic sizes - the giants reach 18 m in diameter, and 6-meter trees are quite an average scale for a sequoia . At the same time, certain species differences can be traced: the giant sequoiadendron is lower - about 70–90 m, but it has a thicker trunk, reaching up to 37 m in girth, while the “thin-trunked” 6-meter evergreen sequoia, or redwood, grows to 100 m and above . The weight of one plant exceeds 1000 kg. People look like Lilliputians against the backdrop of these heroic trees.
The genus Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a glyptostroboid metasequoia growing in China, an evergreen coniferous tree. It is also part of the subfamily, but does not have cyclopean dimensions, being a rather medium-sized tree that belongs to an endangered species.
The size of the plants is impressive, but their age is amazing: to rise to the height of a skyscraper and grow as thick as a house, giant pines sometimes take more than 1000 years. Some unique individuals live longer - up to 2000 and 3500 years. But this is not the limit: there is information about trees 6000 years old. Scientists determine from the layers of wood of these relics the weather conditions - the amount of precipitation, the temperature of the surrounding air in the area - that were hundreds of years ago.
“General Sherman”, “Hyperion”, “Stratospheric Giant” and other, the most famous specimens of sequoia, are unique natural monuments, which thousands of tourists come to admire in the Californian national parks of the USA. Driving along the highway laid through the groves of giants can be considered a real journey through the fairy-tale world of grandiose giants. Along the way, there are tunnels for cars made in fallen trees, huge stumps, on the surface of which it is possible to place an entire parking lot, set up a dance floor or an open-air cafe.
Sequoias are monoecious trees, most of them straight-trunked. Their bark is extremely thick and soft, from 30 to 80 cm in width, and peels off quite easily. In young plants it has a bright red color, for which they are often called American redwood. In old-timers, the shade of the bark becomes darker. Loose, like a sponge, it is able to accumulate a lot of moisture necessary for growth and serves to protect the trunk from unfavorable external conditions and even forest fires. The root system is widely branched and located relatively shallow. Sequoia branches grow horizontally in relation to the trunk; in sequoiedendrons they often hang down like mammoth tusks, for which they are nicknamed mammoth trees. The crowns are very dense, pyramidal in shape, the needles are 10 to 20 mm long, scaly, flat. The cones are round, 3–3.5 cm in size, and consist of spirally twisted scales. Sequoia seeds are small - up to 3–4 mm, ripen in October, and there are from 3 to 7 of them in one cone.
Pests do not damage giant pines - like all conifers, sequoias contain many phytoncides that are destructive to insects and pathogens.
An important property of trees is the ability to quickly recover from mechanical damage - even removing the bark does not become an obstacle to further growth, and in place of completely felled specimens, new young growth quickly rises.
Sequoias are relatively frost-resistant, able to withstand cold temperatures down to -20°C, which makes it possible to plant them in the southern and temperate regions of Russia. It propagates not only by seeds, but also by cuttings, as well as by grafting, making it possible to develop new, including decorative varieties of various sizes, shapes and colors, perfect for landscaping.
Characteristics of wood
The wood of evergreen sequoia and giant sequoia dendron is recognized in the world as one of the best coniferous species. It is similar in quality to spruce, but with greater resistance to fungal attack.
California redwood, as the sequoia is called, has earned considerable popularity. It grows 10 times faster than birch, and the mass of one log can reach 2500 kg. Sequoia is a soft wood type. The sapwood is thin, light creamy in color, looser than the central part. The heartwood is of great value, it is light cherry, carmine or light brown in color with uniform pith rays and vertical rows of resin cells. It has a pronounced contrasting pattern formed by darker growth rings. Young layers are less dense compared to older ones. The fibers of the lumber are straight, and there are almost no curls.
During the pre-processing process, freshly cut material practically does not crack or warp; shrinkage due to the lack of internal stress in sequoia is insignificant, despite the high natural humidity. Dry wood has density about 450 kg/cu.m. m, durable, well resistant to compression and twisting, quite lightweight, resistant to mold, insect damage, and rotting. Its service life is more than 40 years, in contact with soil - about 25.
Varieties used
The best grade is recognized as the so-called pure heartwood, free of knots and other defects, uniform in density, with an impeccable texture and regular geometric pattern. It is dried naturally and is not exposed to high temperatures. This material is used exclusively for the production of top-class products and finishing.
The following types of wood are considered to be of lower quality, but quite practical and durable: simply pure and sound wood. They can undergo pre-drying in ovens, contain a small amount of sapwood, and contain knots and other defects. These types are used for the manufacture of various outdoor structures, support structures, flooring of terraces, and installation of fences.
In addition, there is a gradation within the less valuable varieties:
- construction (deck) sound - includes fragments with a large number of knots, intended for beams, decking, installation of supports;
- ordinary construction - a mixture of sapwood and core, used for various ground structures: gazebos, verandas, flooring, fences;
- commercial soundwood is a type of pure, but cheaper wood, the composition includes various defects: cracks, knots, processing defects. It is used for outdoor work, where decorative qualities are not important, but high strength and resistance to adverse factors are required;
- commercial - the lowest grade, which requires the presence of sapwood, is used only for external work: building fences, formwork of supporting walls.
Sequoia easily lends itself to any type of processing: sawing, grinding, cutting with mechanical and hand tools. Holds screws, nails and staples well, can be etched with stains, sanded and polished, glued and painted.
Application
High performance characteristics and beautiful appearance allow this wood to be used anywhere: for external and internal work, in construction, furniture, turning industry, for the manufacture of cladding and decorative cladding. At home, it is used to make poles and sleepers, various supporting parts, street benches, stairs, finishing panels, window frames, jambs, doors, interior lining of trailers, carriages, yacht cabins, wooden tiles, and paper.
Sequoia is odorless, so it can come into contact with food, and in addition, it is excellent for making cigar cases and boxes, barrels for storing honey, and boxes for spices.
Fire walls and exits have been made from redwood trees historically due to the wood's high resistance to fire.