Composition of a mortar battery. Mortar company (battery) in defense
In 1942 I was drafted into the Red Army. Our group of conscripts was taken to Vnukovo, where airborne formations were being formed. Here we were given uniforms and distributed among units. I found myself in a mortar battery. After the unit was completed, intensive training began, including parachute jumping, shooting, and field exercises. For participation in previous battles, our unit received the title of Guards - 8th Guards Airborne Division. Therefore, before going to the front, we took the Guards oath and were awarded Guards badges. At this time, the military uniform was changed, and we went to the front with shoulder straps instead of buttonholes.
On February 8, the entire division left in vehicles for the North-Western Front. Our path lay through Moscow, Kalinin, Torzhok and further to the northwest. The February snowstorms began, the roads were snowy, and traffic jams stretched for many kilometers; On the long journey we ate all the food, even NZ, and it was still a long way to the concentration area. Local residents came to the rescue and helped as much as they could.
After arriving at the concentration area, we again continued our journey to the front, but on foot. This path seemed hard and long. We walked through populated areas, but most of them were destroyed and burned. We were surprised by the complete lack of population, especially near the front line.
A large halt was arranged near the village of Shubine, which is quite well preserved. We set up huts in the forest, insulated them if possible, and stayed here for about two weeks. We had practically no food, since by this time (March) the road was in ruins, and a rare car could get through to us. They treasured every crumb of cracker. When our commanders took us out for training, we were literally shaken by the wind. In addition, they were so infested with lice that when everything got better and we finally washed ourselves in the so-called “bathhouse” - iron barrels, we simply had to throw away our underwear.
On the approach to one of the villages, or rather, to what was left of it, people began to come across dead people. We came closer and gasped - these are our paratroopers, with the same shoulder straps with blue trim as ours! On the outskirts of this village, in a trench, leaning back, we discovered the icy corpse of a German machine gunner, his machine gun and a pile of spent cartridges. In another place we passed through a flat field where everything was black. We saw the charred corpses of German soldiers and black charred earth - the Katyushas did a good job here.
We were getting closer and closer to the front, but the cannonade was heard not only in front, but also to our right and left. At night we could see hot shells rushing past us. A column of captured Germans was led towards us. I also remembered this because along the route of our unit, enemy planes repeatedly dropped leaflets with offers to surrender and be sure to take a pot and a spoon with us.
At the crossing near the Lovat River, a crowd of people and carts formed. German aviation took advantage of this, and a group of Junkers bombed the crossing in a diving flight. There the liaison officer of our mortar battery died.
When we arrived in the combat area, we positioned ourselves in the forest, where our battery occupied a firing line. I was in the control platoon, and the lieutenant took me with him to the front line to find out the situation. Ahead there were battles for the village of Kozlove, which changed hands several times. At the end of the day, our battery was urgently built and prepared to be sent to help, but after a while they called it quits. The village of Kozlov was taken without a fight.
The North-Western Front had its own characteristics: almost continuous swamps, lack of roads and limited possibilities of movement. It was possible to move only on sunbeds - a marshmallow of felled trees, laid one to one. The Germans, retreating, placed land mines under such beds, which, when exploded, formed a huge crater. We moved slowly, and reached the Redya River, behind which the Germans stood, and further - about 12 kilometers from us - was Staraya Russa. We set up an observation post on a tall tree, and not far from it there was a log house with a stove made of an iron barrel. From here we observed the German front line. This meant that our division switched from offensive to defensive.
In April 1943, our division was withdrawn from the front line, and we left through Moscow in a southern direction...
From the North-Western Front, our division arrived in the Usman region of the Voronezh region and became part of the Steppe Front. We camped in the forest. At this time, reinforcements, weapons, and ammunition arrived at the division, and the days of exercises and preparations for the offensive began for us. At that time I was a private in the company of the guard of Senior Lieutenant Nikitin, my peer, but already awarded orders for battles on the North-Western Front.
Soon, with the outbreak of hostilities on the Kursk Bulge, the division set out on a campaign. Walking only at night, we covered 20-30 kilometers, and sometimes 50-60 kilometers. One of the transitions turned out to be the longest and most difficult. It seemed there was no strength to go further. Suddenly the sounds of a military march were heard ahead. It was a brass band playing, and the unexpected sounds of music invigorated us so much that our fatigue disappeared as if by hand. We walked past the orchestra and the command staff standing there in a neat soldier formation. Soon a forest appeared ahead - our daytime resting place. Delighted, we, as always, first began to wash and shave, and there the cauldrons of soldiers’ porridge were already ready. After breakfast, some had to go to the outfit, some on duty, and the rest remained to rest until the next transition. So we walked through Voronezh and Tambov villages, passed Lipetsk, Lebedyan, Dankov - almost to Tula. Then we were transferred to the southern direction.
We moved in marching order through Korocha and Belgorod, which were still smoking after the recent battles. One could feel the proximity of the front. Along the entire route we encountered broken and abandoned German military equipment. As we approached the front line, we witnessed a major air battle. A large number of planes were circling in the sky, and continuous machine-gun fire could be heard. The planes fell, leaving behind a trail of smoke, and several open parachutes were visible.
At dawn on August 18, the division reached its original lines. Spreading out in a chain, we walked forward, first through virgin soil, then through an unharvested wheat field. A counter battle began. The Germans met us with dense fire, from which the attacking chains lay down. The mortar fire intensified. By evening it became clear that we had made very little progress and suffered heavy losses.
To stop our offensive and prevent the liberation of Kharkov, the Germans transferred a powerful tank “wedge” from the Akhtyrka area in the direction of the city of Bogodukhov. Only after three days of stubborn fighting, waged by our division as part of the 20th Corps, as a result of a night attack, the Ivanovo experimental selection base (now the village of Solnechny) was captured. We took up defensive positions on the mountainside facing the Germans. Our positions were clearly visible and were constantly under artillery fire. From time to time, Junkers swooped in and dived one after another into our trenches, into the buildings of the state farm, in the basements of which the local population was hiding.
While in these trenches, we learned the good news about the liberation of Kharkov. It was August 23, 1943.
The next night I was on night patrol ahead of our positions. In the middle of the night, the clanging of caterpillars and the muffled noise of engines were suddenly heard. I became wary, but the noise of the engines gradually faded away. In the morning the order to attack was given. Our planes flew over us, firing at the advancing Germans, and our tanks rushed from the right flank, which immediately lifted the mood. Coming out onto an open field, we scattered in a chain. Suddenly a machine gun fired up from the right flank, and I had to lie down. The mortar attack began. The only salvation from it is to bury yourself in the ground. Feverishly, under enemy fire, we dug the ground. I accidentally ended up next to a soldier with whom I was conscripted from the same city. As soon as we squeezed into one trench together, a mine exploded a meter away from us. The shelling ended as suddenly as it began. Then we realized that, while retreating, the Germans had left a barrier, which delayed our advance. Our regiment suffered losses. But we stubbornly moved forward, liberating Ukrainian villages.
After the loss of Kharkov, the enemy rolled to the west, launching counterattacks only in large populated areas, where he tried to gain a foothold and stop our advance. This was the case in Kotelva, where the Germans concentrated large forces. They fired at our advancing columns, we dispersed, advanced to the outskirts of the village and broke into Kotelva at night. However, it was not possible to capture this stronghold on the move; they had to take up defensive positions and conduct street battles. One day the company commander received an order to mark the front line with fires for the night. We carried out the order, and with the onset of darkness our U-2s arrived and, with their engines turned off, gliding, bombed the German trenches. Seeing the impossibility of quickly capturing Kotelva, the command decided to use a roundabout maneuver to force the enemy to retreat. Our division was removed from its positions and sent to the right flank, where the successful advance of our troops and the threat of encirclement forced the Germans to begin retreating.
I remember one of the episodes of this offensive: we are marching along a wide front, there is vast space ahead, groves, copses. The Germans are firing eight-barreled mortars (we recognized them by the characteristic sound when fired), and we are walking forward with machine guns in our hands and everyone, even the battalion commander, is gnawing seeds in some kind of nervous tension. The Germans apparently pulled away to a decent distance and only fought rearguard action in small groups.
At one of the farms, our regiment was ordered to take up defensive positions. At this time, reinforcements arrived to us - cadets from the Novosibirsk Infantry School. Our division has already thinned out significantly: from the previous composition there were sometimes 5-7 people left in a platoon, and in battalions there were 50-80 people. So the replenishment came in handy. We began to dig in near the farm on a small hill. And by evening, 6 or 7 tanks appeared in the rays of the setting sun. These were “tigers”, and behind them came the German infantry. As they approached our defensive line, tension grew. Someone could not stand it and ran, but the deputy regiment commander stopped the panic in time. To our left, in a small grove, the guns of our regimental artillery were brought into direct fire. An artillery duel began. The tanks crawled slowly, as if reluctantly, firing cannons and machine guns at our trenches and battery. Having met dense oncoming fire from all types of weapons, the tanks stopped about two hundred meters from us. Behind our position, a hut set on fire by gunfire caught fire, and our every movement became clearly visible. The main burden of the battle fell on the shoulders of our artillerymen. Thanks to them, the tanks were stopped and the German infantry was unable to attack us. By morning the battle died down. There were three destroyed German tanks left on the field. Our losses were great: almost all the artillery crews were put out of action, all around, in the trenches and next to them, our soldiers lay dead, parts of their bodies were scattered - everywhere, even on the trees. It's scary to remember this.
The offensive continued that same day. By evening we reached some forest and, already in the dark, accidentally wandered into the enemy’s location. An unimaginable panic arose among them, and indiscriminate shooting began. We, too, were confused by surprise, but quickly found our bearings and began to quickly go out in the opposite direction.
Ahead of us was the large settlement of Oposhnya. The fighting here was also stubborn, but the forces were on our side, and in a few days the Germans were driven out of Oposhnya. We took up defensive positions in the field. It was autumn time, the rains began. Because of them, the trenches turned into a continuous mess, but the position could not be abandoned - it was necessary to hold the defense. We dragged sheaves from the field for bedding, laid them down, and the rain kept pouring and pouring. Were soaked to the skin. We were only replaced in the morning. A short rest, and again forward - Poltava is ahead. I remember that at that time there was continuous fog in the mornings, and it was difficult to navigate. Our units were transferred from one position to another, and now it is difficult to reconstruct the map of our battles. I remember only September 23, when the outskirts of Poltava appeared in the distance. When we entered the city, the Germans had already left. There were many destroyed houses in Poltava, and factory buildings were especially damaged. It was raining again, and we were glad to rest under the surviving roofs - in conditions familiar to humans. While staying in Poltava, we visited the field and near the monument built in honor of the victory of Peter I over the Swedes.
After Poltava, our advance to the Dnieper did not meet German resistance...
Crossing of the Dnieper
The crossing of the Dnieper was achieved by our division with great difficulty and blood.
One October night, the 3rd battalion of our regiment crossed to the other bank of the Dnieper, where the Germans had settled in the depths. The rest of the regiment took up shelter on the left bank. Suddenly, in the middle of the day, the sounds of increasing gunfire were heard from the right bank. We ran out of cover and saw how the Germans were attacking our fellow soldiers, and they, firing back, retreated, threw themselves into the water and tried to swim to “their” shore. Splashes from shell explosions and machine gun fire were visible on the water. Fire was also fired along our left bank. Having taken cover and chosen a position, we tried to conduct aimed fire at the attackers, but the distance to them was too great, and we were unable to stop them. Few of the 3rd Battalion made it to our shores. Among these few, I remember, there was a radio operator with a walkie-talkie.
The next night, our first battalion under the command of Senior Lieutenant Ignatchenko, using rafts and boats, crossed to the other side. The Germans apparently did not expect that after yesterday's events anyone would dare to occupy this bridgehead again. Therefore, the crossing went smoothly. They took up defense in the same place where the 3rd battalion was yesterday and dug in thoroughly. In the morning, having discovered our presence, the Germans began to fire at us with large mortars, then with machine guns, but all this was unsuccessful. Their attack was met with such an oncoming barrage of fire that the Germans were forced to retreat. The battle for this bridgehead continued for five nights and days. Food was delivered to us in thermoses from the left bank at night, and at the same time the wounded were transported. After several unsuccessful attacks, the Germans brought in heavy mortars and other weapons. Before the next attack, they began to carry out intense artillery shelling, at the same time as Junkers circled in the sky and dive-bombed our positions. Nothing broke us, and after each attack the Germans retreated, leaving their dead on the battlefield. During the day it was impossible to walk in the bridgehead location; everything was shot through and through.
In combat, it is very important that the soldier feels the presence of his commander. This is especially important when a unit operates in isolation from its main forces. Battalion commander Ignatchenko was an excellent commander. Unfortunately, he died in subsequent battles in Right Bank Ukraine.
One night, at the end of 5 days, a command passed through the trenches: everyone should head to the shore. We took turns leaving our positions and crossed to the left bank. Our 22nd Guards Airborne Regiment as part of the 8th Guards Division was withdrawn from the battles on the Dnieper. We were transported to its right bank a little lower, in the place where the crossing was already well established. The main striking forces of the army operated here, and after the crossing, our division was also brought into battle to build on the success and expand the bridgehead in Right Bank Ukraine.
In the initial period of fighting in Right Bank Ukraine, we moved forward quite quickly, since after the Dnieper the Germans could not gather their strength and retreated everywhere. Their stubborn resistance began from Novo-Starodub. The fighting took place in the village itself, half of which was occupied by the Germans, and our units had already reached the heights of the right flank. From there we could see how Il-2 attack aircraft were destroying German trenches in low-level flight. Running from house to house, we moved deeper into the village. When I ran from one barn to another, a German machine gunner spotted me and fired a burst. One bullet went through my leg and I fell. My comrade crawled up to me, bandaged the wound and dragged me to the outskirts of the village.
After treatment in hospitals in Kharkov, in the summer of 1944, I was sent to the 2nd Guards Mechanized Corps, which served through Romania and Hungary.
Soon, those with secondary education were sent to Transylvania to attend courses for junior lieutenants of the 2nd Ukrainian Front. There I met the end of the war.
Motorized rifle battalion of the Russian Army consists of battalion control, headquarters, combat units and support units. Compound motorized rifle battalion has changed little since Soviet times, and all the changes are not fundamental. The main changes affected larger structures: instead of regiments and divisions, brigades appeared, which are now united into corps.
To combat units motorized rifle battalion relate
. three motorized rifle companies;
. mortar battery;
. anti-tank platoon;
. grenade launcher platoon;
. anti-aircraft missile platoon.
In addition to this, in motorized rifle battalion There are service and support units:
. communications platoon;
. support platoon;
. battalion medical center
Battalion Command includes the battalion commander - as a rule, this is a major or lieutenant colonel, his deputy for work with personnel and his deputy for weapons.
Battalion Headquarters includes the chief of staff (aka deputy battalion commander), battalion communications chief (aka communications platoon commander), chemical instructor (warrant officer) and clerk (private officer).
The communications platoon is designed to organize radio and wire communications in battalion units.
Communications platoon consists of a command armored personnel carrier (squad commander - also a senior radiotelephone operator, driver of an armored personnel carrier) and two radio squads, each consisting of a squad commander, a senior radio master of a low-power radio station in the first compartment and a senior radiotelephonist in the second compartment, an armored personnel carrier-electrician driver in the first compartment and a driver armored personnel carrier in the second compartment.
at KP SME
R-168-5UN-1E
Main characteristics:
Frequency range, MHz |
|
Frequency grid step, kHz |
|
Receiver sensitivity, no worse, µV |
|
Output power low/high, not less, W |
|
Communication range, km: |
|
Continuous operation time with the ratio prd:prm:dezh.prm 1:1:8 from the battery 10NMGGTS-7.5S (10NKGTS-6-2), hour 17(16) |
|
Transceiver dimensions, mm |
|
Weight, kg: |
|
Working kit |
|
Transceiver (without battery) |
In total, the communications platoon has 13 personnel, 1 command armored personnel carriers, 2 wheeled armored personnel carriers, 22 radio stations, and 8 km of cable.
R-173M
R-173M on armored vehicles
SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency range Transmit 30-75.999 MHz Receive 30-75.999 MHz
Memory organization 10 pre-prepared frequencies Frequency grid step 1 kHz
The transition time from one frequency to another is 3 seconds. Radiation type FM
Operating temperature range -50 ~ +50 °C Alarm systems tone call
Power supply type 27 V network 12 V or 220 V network (additionally supplied power supplies)
Communication range in moderately rough terrain when parked and while moving to the main road
2 meter whip antenna - up to 20 km MTBF 6000 hours
Transmitter Type PLL synthesizer (193IE3, 564IE15) Output power 2 / 40 W
Maximum frequency deviation ±5 (±1) kHz
Receiver Type Double conversion superheterodyne
Intermediate frequencies 1st 11.5 MHz 2nd 1.5 MHz
A motorized rifle company is a tactical unit that performs tasks, as a rule, as part of a SME, but can also perform tasks independently in reconnaissance and security, as a tactical airborne assault force or a special detachment behind enemy lines.
BTR-90 “Berezhok”
BTR-90 “Rostock”
Motorized rifle company on armored personnel carrier consists of a company command and control, three motorized rifle platoons, each of which has three motorized rifle squads. Previously, the company had an anti-tank and machine-gun platoon, but now its anti-tank unit was transferred to the battalion level, and machine guns were distributed among the platoons.
Motorized rifle company on armored personnel carrier has 101 people. personnel. The company has 11 BTR-80 9 RPG-7, 63 Kalashnikov assault rifle, PC - 6, RPK - 9.
RPG-7V
AK-74M
Composition of a motorized rifle squad
Motorized rifle company on BMP consists of a company command (11 people), three motorized rifle platoons of 30 people each and three BMP-2 in everyone. In total there are 92 people in the company, 12 BMP-2 (instead of 11 in Soviet times), 6 RPGs, 18 RPKs, 13 AGS-17 and 4 SVD . Compared to the Soviet period, the company's staffing strength is by armored personnel carrier was reduced by nine, and companies by BMP - increased by two people. By state 2011 number BMP It was planned to increase the number in the company to 15, but now all this is in question.
BMP-2
BMP-3M
Layout diagram of the BMP-3:
1 - 100-mm gun - launcher 2A70 (ammunition - 40 unitary shots, including 22 in the loading mechanism - high-explosive fragmentation ZUOF17, ZUB110-3 with anti-tank missile 9M117, sub-caliber shells ZBM-25, rate of fire 10 rounds per minute ), 2 - central panel of the driver, 3 - control panel for the fire safety system, 4 - mechanism for opening the driver's hatch, 5 - stowage of the personal kit, 6 - rangefinder transceiver, 7 - turret rotation mechanism, 8 - block lifting mechanism with weapons, 9 - machine gun power supply, 10 - sight - 1K13-2 guidance device, 11 - illuminator, 12 - PPB-1 sight, 13 - TNPT-1 daytime guidance device, 14 - R-173 radio station, 15 - stowage of anti-tank missiles, 16 - turret, 17 - troop compartment heater, 18 - fire extinguishers, 19 - water-jet propulsion, 20 - engine partition, 21 - seat with tank sanitary kit, 22 - road wheel, 23 - clearance change mechanism, 24 - fighting compartment fencing, 25 - operator-gunner's seat, 26 - loading mechanism conveyor, 27 - compressed air cylinder for starting a diesel engine, 28 - driver's seat, 29 - steering wheel, 30 - brake pedal, 31 - fuel tank, 32 - self-digger, 33 - tension mechanism caterpillars, 34 - wave reflector.
BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle
Combat weight |
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Gun length |
|
Body length |
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Width by rollers |
|
Overall Width |
|
Highest height |
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7+2 (additional) persons |
|
Maximum highway speed |
70 km/h (20 km/h - reverse) |
Maximum speed afloat |
|
Highway range |
|
Rate of fire |
300 shots/min |
Firing range |
|
Ammunition for 100 mm cannon |
40 ATGM rounds |
Engine |
UTD-29 diesel |
Engine power |
Mortar battery designed to suppress and destroy manpower and fire weapons located openly, in trenches and dugouts, on the reverse slopes of heights and ravines. Depending on the nature of the target, the duration of fire and the consumption of shells, it can suppress manpower in an area of 2-4 hectares and conduct barrage fire at a front of up to 400 m.
A mortar battery consists of: a battery command (battery commander, political deputy, sergeant major, medical instructor, senior driver), a control platoon (platoon commander, reconnaissance department, communications department), two fire platoons (each with four 120 mm mortar
A
). In total, the mortar battery contains: personnel - 66 people, radio stations - 4, mortars - 8, tractor units - 8, cables - 4 km. True, recently instead of two platoons 120 mm mortars
mortar batteries consist of three platoons, the first two of which are armed with three 82 mm mortars
2B14 "Tray", and the third three 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 Vasilek
.
2B14 “Tray”
2B9M “Cornflower”
Mortar data 2B9 Caliber, mm 082
Vertical guidance angle, degrees -1°; +85° Horizontal guidance angle, degrees +30°
Weight in firing position, kg: 2B9 - 622 2B9M - 632
Transport vehicle weight, kg 3930
System weight in stowed position (with ammunition and crew), kg 6060
Transfer time from combat to traveling position and back, min 1.5
Transportable ammunition, min 226
Transportation speed by transport vehicle, km/h: on the highway up to 60 off-road up to 20
Calculation, pers. 4
Rate of fire, rds/min 170 Practical rate of fire, rds/min 100-120
Sometimes the battalion includes a self-propelled battery of mortars Nona . It consists of two platoons of four units each Nona S .
Nona-S (2C9)
2S9:
Combat weight - 8 tons. Crew - 4 people
Average specific ground pressure - 0.5 kgf/cm²
Overall dimensions: ~ height - 2300 mm ~ body length - 6020 mm
~ body width - 2630 mm ~ ground clearance - 100-450 mm
Armament: - 120 mm 2A51 cannon, ammunition - 25 rounds.
Engine: ~ brand - 5D20. ~ type - diesel. ~ engine power - 240 hp
Maximum speed: ~ on the highway - 60 km/h ~ on the ground - 30-35 km/h
~ afloat - 10 km/h Cruising range on the highway - 500 km, afloat - 75-90 km/h
Obstacles to be overcome: ~ ditch width - 2.5 m ~ wall height - 0.7 m
~ climbability - 32 degrees. ~ roll - 18 gr. ~ fordable - floats
Radio station - R-123M
As part of the Serdyukov-Taburetkin reform, it was planned to completely replace all mortars with six 2S34 Khosta self-propelled howitzers - a modernized version of the famous 2S1 Gvozdika
, but now this question is up in the air.
Anti-tank platoon- an artillery fire unit designed to destroy enemy tanks and other armored vehicles. It can also be used to destroy other enemy fire weapons, including those located in fortifications.
An anti-tank platoon consists of a platoon command (platoon commander, deputy platoon commander, 2 machine gun gunners armored personnel carrier
, senior driver armored personnel carrier
, driver armored personnel carrier
), three ATGM squads and three grenade launcher squads.
An ATGM squad consists of a squad commander (also a senior operator), a senior operator, two operators, a machine gunner, a senior driver and a launch complex driver 9M113 Competition
or 9M113M Competition M.
"Competition-M"
Performance characteristics
Firing range, m |
|
Overall dimensions, mm |
|
Container length |
|
Rocket length |
|
Rocket caliber |
|
Wingspan |
|
Weight, kg |
|
9M113M missiles |
|
Missiles in TPK |
|
Warhead |
|
tandem-cumulative |
|
Armor penetration, mm |
|
Armor penetration at an angle of 60° C to the normal, mm |
|
Overcoming dynamic protection |
provided |
Temperature range of application, °C |
|
Technical rate of fire, rds/min |
|
Launcher 9P135M1 |
|
Pointing angles |
|
Along the horizon |
|
Vertically |
|
ATGM coordinate determination range, m |
|
Magnification of the sighting device 9Ш119М1 |
|
Field of view of direction finding channel 1: |
|
Field of view of direction finding channel 2: |
|
With constant vignetting aperture |
30 arc minutes |
When introducing a replaceable diaphragm |
10 arc minutes |
Periscope, mm |
|
Weight of launcher in pack, kg |
|
Technical resource: |
· 1000 working starts, including at least 100 starts without setup and adjustment; · 350 starts for maintenance during the warranty period; · 1500 activations of the starting mechanism; · 1500 joints with ATGM. |
Warranty period |
10 years, of which 3 years field storage |
Warranty mileage, km |
The grenade launcher squad consists of a squad commander, a grenade launcher commander, a grenade launcher gunner, and two gun numbers. SPG-9M grenade launchers -1.
SPG-9M “Spear”
Caliber 73 mm Wheeled machine SPG-9D Weight of grenade launcher with sight 47.6 kg
Weight of tripod machine 12 kg Weight of wheeled machine 15.9 kg
Weight of fragmentation projectile 3.7 kg Weight of armor-piercing projectile 2.6 kg
Grenade launcher length 2100 mm Barrel length 850 mm
Night sight PGN-9 Shot length 770 mm Projectile length 1115 mm
Width in firing position 990 - 1055 mm Height in firing position 800-820 mm
Firing angle in plane, degrees:
Vertical (without rearranging the tripod frame) from -3 to +7 (from -3 to +18)
Horizontal 30
Effective range of an armor-piercing projectile 1300 m
Maximum range of fragmentation projectile 4500 m
Deployment time from traveling to combat position (and vice versa) 35 seconds
Practical rate of fire 5-6 rpm Armor penetration of PG-9V shot 300 mm
Armor penetration of the PG-9VS 400 mm shot
Initial grenade speed 435 m/s Grenade flight speed up to 700 m/s
Calculation 4 people
In total, the anti-tank platoon has 42 personnel, 9K11-6 ATGM launchers, 3 SPG-9M grenade launchers, armored personnel carrier - 5.
An anti-tank platoon is available only in a battalion whose motorized rifle companies are equipped armored personnel carrier ami. In the company BMP each combat vehicle is equipped with its own Competitions .
Instead of an anti-tank platoon, the company included BMP
included a machine gun platoon, consisting of two machine gun squads with three company machine guns in each.
Grenade Platoon designed to destroy enemy personnel and fire weapons located outside shelters, in open trenches (trenches) and behind folds of terrain.
A grenade launcher platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander, those squads (in each squad commander, 2 senior grenade launcher gunners, 2 grenade launcher gunners, a machine gunner armored personnel carrier
, senior driver or driver).
In total, the grenade launcher platoon has 26 personnel, 30-mm automatic grenade launchers AGS-17
- 6, armored personnel carrier
- 3.
Anti-aircraft missile platoon designed to destroy enemy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned vehicles and airborne assault forces at low and medium altitudes.
A platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander (also known as a squad leader), three squads (each with a squad commander, 2 anti-aircraft gunners, a machine gunner armored personnel carrier
, senior driver armored personnel carrier
and driver).
In total there are 16 people in the platoon of personnel, 9 Strela-2M or Igla launchers, armored personnel carrier
-3.
Performance characteristics |
|
Damage zone by range, m |
|
Damage zone in height, m |
|
Speed of targets hit towards, m/s |
|
Speed of hit targets in pursuit, m/s |
|
Weight of combat weapons in combat position, kg |
|
Rocket caliber, mm |
|
Rocket length, mm |
|
Rocket mass, kg |
|
Warhead weight, kg |
|
Time to transfer MANPADS from traveling to combat position, s |
Performance characteristics |
Equipment set "Sagittarius" |
Number of launch modules/missiles on the carrier |
|
Reaction time (minimum time from the moment the rocket is turned on to the launch), sec |
|
Maximum time allotted for aiming, sec. |
|
Number of missile activations on one launch module |
|
Time for equipping (disarming) the module by one person, min. |
no more than 4 |
Weight of the loaded launch module, kg |
|
Weight of control equipment, kg |
no more than 24 |
Performance characteristics |
OPU "Dzhigit" |
Firing sector in azimuth, degrees |
|
Firing sector by elevation angle, degrees |
from -15 to 60 |
Dimensions in firing position with installed missiles, mm |
2180x1546x1304 |
Dimensions in folded position with missiles installed, mm |
|
Weight of launcher without missiles, kg |
|
Deployment time to combat position, min |
|
Missile reloading time, min |
Performance characteristics |
|
Air situation display area, km |
|
Number of targets simultaneously displayed on the sensor and transmitted to individual target designation devices, pcs. |
|
Selection of PEP 1L10-2 targets for tracking |
automatic based on characteristics |
Probability of detecting targets such as "airplane" or "helicopter" on a collision course at illumination of 3x10-3 to a line of 2 km |
|
Supply voltage, V |
|
Temperature range of application, degrees C |
-50 to +50 |
Weight of SOSN 9S520 in packages (3 boxes), kg |
no more than 120 |
MANPADS complex “Strelets”
The battalion medical center is designed to collect the wounded in the battalion and evacuate them, as well as to provide pre-medical care. The platoon consists of the head of the medical post (warrant officer), a medical instructor, two orderlies, a senior driver, and three driver-medics. There are four cars at the first aid station UAZ-469 and trailer 1-AP-1.5.
front edge conveyor (Luaz-967)
Support platoon designed for uninterrupted logistics support, maintenance of routine repairs of the battalion’s combat and transport equipment,
A platoon consists of a platoon commander (warrant officer) and a deputy platoon commander (who is also a squad leader), from a technical maintenance department, an automobile department, and a business department.
In Soviet times, the battalion had reconnaissance platoon And engineer platoon, but the current states do not provide for them.
Maintenance Department consists of a squad commander, a senior auto electrician-battery mechanic, an auto mechanic (installer), and a driver-auto mechanic.
The department has: personnel - 4 people, a workshop for maintaining MTO-AT-1, ZIL-131, ZIL-157 vehicles under MTO-AT-1.
Automotive department consists of a squad leader (also deputy platoon commander), 3 senior drivers and 5 drivers. The department has: personnel - 9 people, GAZ-66 trucks for personal belongings and company property - 3; GAZ-66 trucks for kitchens and food - 4; trucks Ural-4320 for ammunition - 2. The commander of the automobile department is the deputy commander of the support platoon.
Ural-4320
GAZ-66
Economic department consists of a squad leader, a senior cook and 3 cooks. The department has: personnel - five people, trailer kitchens - 4, car trailers 1-AP-1.5, kitchens - 4, portable kitchen KS-75.
Battalions are the main combined arms tactical units of brigades, within which they perform various combat missions. Also, according to experts, battalions can act independently. Motorized rifle troops (MSV) are among the most combat-ready. You will find information about the organizational structure of a motorized rifle battalion in this article.
Story
The battalion was introduced into the Russian army as an integral part of the regiment by Peter I. The term “battalion” comes from the word “battles”. Previously, it designated a certain order in the formation of troops. In the 15th century, a battalion began to be called cavalry or infantry, who were placed on the battlefield in the form of a closed square. The number of soldiers in the battalion was not constant and varied from 1 to 10 thousand people. In the 17th century, the number was 800-1000 soldiers. One battalion was equipped with 8 or 9 companies.
Over time, new types of weapons appeared, combat missions became more complex and varied - with the use of heavy machine guns, mortars and artillery pieces, as a result of which the battalion structure became more complex. The staff was supplemented by headquarters and units providing combat and logistics support (economic, transport, communications, etc.).
After World War I, the army was replenished with tank, self-propelled artillery, mortar, motorcycle, sapper, engineer, machine-gun and artillery, motorized infantry and other battalions. During the Great Patriotic War, when balancing forces and calculating density, motorized rifle battalions were used as the main unit. The structure and description of such a military formation is given below in the article.
Compound
The regular structure of a motorized rifle battalion is represented by the following combat units:
- Three motorized rifle companies (MSR). It is a tactical unit that primarily operates as part of a motorized rifle brigade (MSB). However, according to military experts, in such areas as reconnaissance and security, a company can act autonomously. In addition, Msr is a fairly effective tactical airborne assault force or a special detachment behind enemy lines.
- One mortar battery.
- One anti-tank platoon.
- Grenade launcher and anti-aircraft missile platoons.
Also in the organizational structure of a motorized rifle battalion there is:
- Medical Center.
- A platoon that provides communications with the command and other military units and formations.
- Support platoon.
In the structure of a motorized rifle battalion, each of the above units performs specific tasks.
About the command
The organizational structure of a motorized rifle battalion provides for the presence of a commander, his deputy responsible for personnel, and a deputy in charge of weapons. The location of the deputy battalion commander is the headquarters, where he holds the position of chief. In addition to him, the headquarters includes a signal commander, a warrant officer and a clerk.
About the structure of a signal platoon
Such a formation has at its disposal two command armored personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, 8 thousand meters of cable and 22 radio stations. The staffing structure of a separate communications battalion of a motorized rifle brigade is presented:
- Squad commander. He is also a senior radiotelephonist-mechanic-driver of an armored personnel carrier or infantry fighting vehicle.
- Two radio sections (with a commander, a senior radio master of the first section and a senior radiotelephone operator of the second).
- The driver of the second vehicle.
In total, the total strength of the communications platoon is 13 military personnel.
About the mortar battery
In the structure of a motorized rifle battalion, such a combat unit is equipped with:
- Battery management. Management is carried out by the commander and his deputy for work with personnel. In addition, the presence of a foreman, a medical instructor and a senior driver is provided.
- A management platoon with an intelligence section and signalmen.
- Two fire platoons, each equipped with four 120mm mortars.
There are 66 people serving in the mortar battery. This military formation has four radio stations, a cable (4 thousand meters), 8 mortars and 8 tractor units. Sometimes a battalion includes a self-propelled battery of Nona mortars. The unit is equipped with two platoons, each of which has Nona-S installations of 4 guns.
According to experts, it was previously planned to use Khosta 2S34 self-propelled howitzers, a modernized version of the Gvozdika 2S1, instead of mortars. At the moment, this issue is under consideration by the military leadership.
The task of a mortar battery is to suppress and destroy enemy manpower and its fire weapons, which are located in open positions, trenches and dugouts. Such a formation can operate effectively on areas of up to 4 hectares.
About the grenade launcher platoon
The structure of a motorized rifle battalion has a platoon whose tasks include the destruction of enemy personnel and firepower outside of shelters. The staff includes a platoon commander and his deputy. In addition, a grenade launcher platoon has three squads with their own commanders, two senior gunners, two grenade launchers, armored personnel carrier machine gunners and drivers. The number of personnel is 26 military personnel. The platoon has at its disposal 30 mm AGS-17 grenade launchers (6 units) and infantry fighting vehicles (3 vehicles).
Anti-tank platoon
Due to the fact that this unit stops the advancing enemy by firing its guns, their fire capabilities are taken into account as the main indicator. They are expressed in the number of destroyed enemy objects.
On average, a motorized rifle battalion destroys 130 enemy infantry fighting vehicles and 80 tanks. The figure can increase to 120 tanks and 170 combat vehicles if the SME includes a tank company and a platoon of guided anti-tank missiles. Today Russia has the most modern weapons systems.
About the composition of the battalion on infantry fighting vehicles
![](https://i2.wp.com/fb.ru/misc/i/gallery/39987/2638429.jpg)
About the composition on armored personnel carriers
In the motorized rifle battalion, 539 people serve on armored personnel carriers.
The formation is equipped with 6 9K111 "Fagot" (ATGM "F") and 9 9K115 "Metis" (ATGM "M").
The personnel on the armored personnel carrier have at their disposal mortars "Vasilek" 2B9 and 2B9M, and three automatic 82-mm mortars. There are also 6 mortars of 82 mm caliber.
Number of vehicles - 43 armored personnel carriers.
About the anti-aircraft missile platoon
Such a formation within the structure of a motorized rifle battalion of the Russian Armed Forces destroys enemy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and airborne troops. Range - low to medium altitudes. The platoon includes:
- The platoon commander and his deputy (he also leads the unit).
- Three branches. Each has its own commander, anti-aircraft gunners (2 people), an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a senior driver and his assistant.
The number of personnel is 16 military personnel. The fighters have at their disposal the Igla or Strela-2M launch systems in the amount of 9 guns. The platoon has three armored personnel carriers.
About the battalion first aid station
To collect the wounded and evacuate them, the structure of the motorized rifle battalion of the Russian Federation provides a medical center. The staff of this unit is represented by the head of the first-aid post (warrant officer), a medical instructor, two orderlies, a senior driver and three driver-orderlies. There are 4 UAZ-469 vehicles and one trailer at our disposal.
About the support platoon
The unit's tasks include maintenance and ongoing repairs of battalion equipment. A support platoon with a staff of 19 people operates under the leadership of a warrant officer (who is also the platoon commander) and his deputy - the squad commander. The platoon structure includes a maintenance department, an automobile department and a utility department.
Over the years, this unit was equipped with reconnaissance and engineer platoons. Today such a composition is not provided. The structure of such a unit is limited only to the following formations:
![](https://i1.wp.com/fb.ru/misc/i/gallery/39987/2638482.jpg)
Finally
In combat conditions, all the forces and means of the most diverse military branches interact. A clear example of this is the complex organizational structure of the MSR and tank units.
A mortar battery is a fire and tactical artillery unit. The battery is designed to suppress and destroy manpower and fire weapons located openly, in trenches and dugouts, on the reverse slopes of heights and ravines. Depending on the nature of the target, the duration of fire and the consumption of shells, it can suppress manpower in an area of 2-4 hectares and conduct barrage fire at a front of up to 400 m.
A mortar battery consists of: a battery control (battery commander, deputy, foreman, medical instructor, senior driver), a control platoon (platoon commander, reconnaissance department, communications department), two fire platoons (each with four 120-mm mortars). In total, the mortar battery contains: personnel - 66 people, radio stations - 4, mortars - 8, tractor units - 8, cables - 4 km.
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TTX "Cornflower"
Caliber | 82 |
Firing range, m | 4270 (maximum), 800 (minimum) |
Firing sector, deg. | 30 |
Weight, kg | 662 |
Time to transfer to combat position, min | 2 |
Rate of fire, rds/min | 120 |
Base | GAZ-66 |
Number of people, calculation | 4 |
Ammunition | 300 |
37. Organization and armament of an anti-tank platoon of SMEs. TTX LNG-9.
The battalion's anti-tank platoon is designed to destroy enemy tanks and other armored targets. It is used, as a rule, in full force in a tank-hazardous direction to repel attacks by tanks and other armored enemy targets. In closed and rough terrain, a platoon in full strength or in sections can be assigned to companies of the first echelon.
An anti-tank platoon (ATP) consists of a platoon command and control unit, three sections of anti-tank guided missiles and a grenade launcher section. Consists of control and 3 software for 2 calculations of ATGM "Fagot" ( GRAU index - 9K111, according to the US and NATO classification - AT-4 Spigot, English. Crane (bushing) - Soviet/Russian man-portable anti-tank missile system with semi-automatic command-by-wire guidance. Designed to destroy visually observable targets stationary and moving at speeds up to 60 km/h (enemy armored vehicles, shelters and fire weapons) at ranges of up to 2 km, and with the 9M113 missile - up to 4 km). in everyone. Total (on armored personnel carrier/on infantry fighting vehicle): LS - 27, ATGM "Fagot" - 6, BMP - .../3, MTLB -.../1, armored personnel carrier - 4/..., r/st - R- 158 - 4.
An anti-tank platoon usually operates in full force, occupying positions in strongholds of motorized rifle companies or in the spaces between them in tank-hazardous directions, deploying at the line of 500-1000 m. Firing positions along the front can be: between anti-tank guided missile systems - at least 15 m. , between ATGM departments (LNG crews) - 100-200 m.
TTX SPG-9 SPG-9 “Spear” (GRAU Index - 6G6) - Soviet mounted anti-tank fan launcher.
The LNG-9 Spear grenade launcher was put into service in 1963. Subsequently, a fragmentation anti-personnel fan was developed for the fan launcher. TTX
Caliber: 73 mm
Fan launcher weight:
fan launcher with sight - 49.5 kg;
including tripod machine - 12 kg;
wheel travel (for LNG-9D) - 14 kg. barrel length: 1850 mm shot length: 1115 mm (PG-9V) fan launcher length: 2110 mm Initial fan speed: 435 m/s Maximum fan speed: 700 m/s Armor penetration: PG-9V shot - 300 mm; PG-9VS shot - 400 mm Maximum firing range: 1300 m Direct shot range: 800 m Rate of fire: up to 6 rounds/min
Crew: 4 people (commander, gunner, loader, carrier)
In the motorized rifle stronghold, as well as at the firing positions of the grenade launcher and anti-tank platoons, first of all, wire and other barriers are installed in front of the front edge of the platoon strongpoint (firing positions); viewing and firing lines are cleared, single (paired) trenches are opened for riflemen, machine gunners, snipers and grenade launchers, which are connected into a squad trench, and then a continuous trench is equipped; trenches are equipped at the main positions of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, ATGMs and other fire weapons: a platoon checkpoint is constructed, closed slots are opened and equipped for each squad, crew or crew; barriers are set up on the flanks and in the depths of the platoon's stronghold.
In the event of repelling an attack by a ground enemy, motorized rifle (tank) platoons (companies) and an anti-tank platoon are indicated with deployment lines and missions: mortar battery, grenade launcher platoon and attached artillery unit - firing positions, as well as the procedure for preparing deployment lines (firing positions) and reaching them , possible maneuver by fire and units.