Post about survival in the wild. Ways of autonomous human survival in nature
It is not as rare as we might imagine that people find themselves face to face with wild nature. Of course, most of us are unlikely to be deprived of all the comforts of the world familiar to us, but from extreme situations none of us are immune. So, for example, a car or something like that falling into a ditch on a lonely road will cause panic in almost everyone. And this is a completely normal reaction. Agree, it is not so pleasant to get lost in the forest, especially in the evening, and be left without water, food and means of self-defense. But survival in wildlife perhaps, and we will talk about this in this article.
How to find your way?
The faster you understand exactly where you are and which way you should go in order to leave dangerous place, the faster you will find people and be out of danger. It’s good if you have a map or compass with you, but if you don’t have such equipment, you’ll have to rely only on yourself. Exists huge amount ways to get your bearings. Let's look at the most popular ones.
Try to climb tall tree. As a rule, this method is very effective, but only if there is big trees, and the area is more or less visible. Even at night you will be able to see fires or other lights. Another surefire method is to find a river and walk along its bank. However, you should be wary large predators who come to drink. If you find yourself in a dry region, then you need to go upstream. Survival in the wild also involves other important points, which we will talk about next.
We need to look for water
Now we will not talk about how to get to people along the river, but about how not to die of thirst. If the region is rainy, then the question may disappear on its own. During precipitation, you can get water for yourself. To do this, it is better to use a large surface from which the water will gradually flow into a flask or similar container.
However, in practice everything is somewhat more complicated. In most cases, we do not have the opportunity to find water in pure form, and dehydration threatens loss of tone, hallucinations and fainting, which can even lead to death. Try to find trees that have moisture running down their bark. Yes, there won’t be much of it, but it will be enough for the near future. Try to remove the bark and tie a string or something similar. Point the end of the fabric into the container and just wait. If we're talking about about the desert, then survival in the wild will be much more problematic. Finding water is very difficult; at first you will have to drink your own urine and hope for an oasis or a river.
Extreme wilderness survival: how to make fire
If you can get a fire, you will provide yourself not only with a fireplace for the near future, but also with protection from predators, which is important. You can also cook something for yourself to eat or boil water, cauterize a wound, etc.
One of the most simple ways getting fire is to use a magnifying lens. Glass from glasses, binoculars, etc. can serve as such a tool. The bottom line is that a beam of light concentrated on a rapidly flammable material must pass through the lens. It is best to use dry straw for these purposes.
Silicon with flint can help out in any extreme situation. It is best to carry it around your neck; by the way, many tourists do this. If you don’t have such luxury with you, then try to get a spark by cutting stone on metal, stone on stone, or metal on metal. This should be done over dry paper, straw, etc.
How to get food?
If you can find water for yourself, this will greatly simplify your survival in the wild. And if there is food, then your chances of a successful return to civilization increase tenfold. Exhaustion comes gradually. However, after a while it will make itself felt, and it will be difficult for you not only to do anything, but even to move.
The easiest way to get food is to look around and find the place where the vultures are circling. Most likely, you can find carrion there. If the animal died recently (warm blood, fresh meat), then it can be used as food. If the meat stinks and there are a lot of larvae in it, then it is better not to touch it. Be careful, there are always many predators near the carrion! You can also always try to kill a vulture that has landed on carrion, or even several, using a stone or a sharpened stick.
In addition, you can try to find honey. This is a very nutritious product with high content carbohydrates. You can make a fishing rod from a stick, rope and a small metal element (paper clip, etc.) and try to catch a fish. But this is only if there is a body of water nearby. There will be no problems with bait. As a last resort, you can eat bird eggs. In fact, if there is food, then human survival in the wild comes down only to self-defense. We'll talk about this further.
Wilderness survival lessons: building a shelter
It’s good if you can get out of the forest or other place where you found yourself against your will on the first day before nightfall. But if this does not happen, you will have to find a place to stay for the night. Fortunately, this shouldn't be a problem. You can try to find a fallen tree and make a small hut from it. One more pretty safe shelter- natural cave. But in this case you need to make sure that it is uninhabited. To do this, it is advisable to enter the cave with a torch, and you need to have a stick or knife with you. It is worth noting that survival in the wild is not easy, and if you get sick, your chances of success will be reduced. However, in most cases you can work something out. For example, heat stones on a fire and place them under your bed. This will keep you warm and prevent you from getting sick.
How to send a distress signal?
It is extremely important to be able to express yourself when you find yourself in an unpleasant situation. After all, for example, a ship passing nearby will not notice screaming man who waves his arms. The best way out in this case it will be SOS signal. You can serve it by laying out the appropriate inscription from stones and building a fire, preferably as much as possible. In addition, a signal fire is a distress signal orange color and an inverted flag of any state. If you try to ask for help with fire, then not everyone can perceive this unambiguously. For greater effect light three fires, which will be located in a line or triangle. You can also send signals if you have a mirror surface. But in this case, you should already see a ship, plane or rescuers passing by. This will greatly increase your chances of being noticed.
You will need
- - waterproof bag,
- - a sharpened hatchet,
- - aluminum mug;
- - a long, very strong nylon rope;
- - matches.
Instructions
Chop some spruce paws and build something like a hut between two fairly massive tree trunks. Don’t forget that the spruce paws should be placed on the ground in as thick a layer as possible. If the area where you find yourself is blowing strong winds, the hut should be strengthened with the help of long flexible rods, for example, willow, laid between spruce branches using the “braiding” method. Fence the area with a nylon rope stretched around the perimeter one and a half to two meters from the overnight site. This will help protect against uninvited visitors - snakes, hedgehogs, etc.
Light a fire before dark. Suitable for ignition Icelandic moss or birch bark. Use dry dead wood as firewood. If there is none, try to lay out freshly cut branches in the shape of a well. Then the lower wood will dry out from the interaction of fire and air, and sooner or later it will begin to burn. If possible, place a structure over the fire to protect it from wind or rain.
Go in search of food. Most likely, you can find it on the river. If the question is: die of hunger or eat seemingly inedible plants, fish or shellfish - everyone, without exception, will choose the second option. Perhaps you will be lucky and the river will be flooded or there will be cattail thickets. Pull out several plants with roots - in fact, this is their edible part. White, starchy, rich in vitamins and microelements, the root of broadleaf cattail tastes slightly sweet when baked, so your dinner is guaranteed.
Gather a few sprigs of lingonberry or blueberry - they can be brewed instead of tea. If the action takes place in the second half of summer, be sure to add the tasty and vitamin-rich berries of these plants to the drink. You won't have to go to bed on an empty stomach anymore.
Video on the topic
Sometimes the ability to behave in an unexpected situation can help save yourself or someone else's life. For example, there is a greater chance of survival in hunger has someone who is familiar in advance with the rules of behavior in such conditions.
Instructions
The main condition for survival in hunger New time – availability of food. Try to stock up on food for as long as possible - it will not be superfluous in any case and no matter the outcome of the situation. Therefore, it is advisable to choose food with a long shelf life - canned meat, fruits and vegetables, a variety of cereals and legumes, smoked meats and dried fish, if possible. Such a stock is the initial reserve of food in extreme situations.
Having a plot of land and at least the skills to care for vegetables and fruits will greatly facilitate the task. This is a way to provide yourself with food hunger new time. It does not require money to buy food, as well as effort and expense to find ways and opportunities for food supply own family. Plant unpretentious and at the same time healthy - tomatoes, beets, carrots, peas and so on. On the above, you can live well and well for more than one month without having money or the ability to buy food.
Always leave some of the harvest and products from the initial reserve as an emergency reserve. This is a set of products that will be enough for several weeks of comfortable living for the whole family. It is kept in case of extreme situations and is under no circumstances wasted thoughtlessly.
Every year, dozens of people die in the wild because they were completely unprepared for the dangers that awaited them. Many people think that if you are away from civilization, you can die more often from wild animals that are just waiting for your flesh to tear it apart with their fangs. However, Mother Nature is much more likely to take your life than a predator with four legs. Nature - great place to relax, enjoy the sounds and fresh air, but without proper preparation for going out into this very nature, you can end up in death trap. And then relaxing holiday, picking berries or mushrooms will turn into survival in the wild.
Here are the 10 most important and at the same time simple tips, which will undoubtedly be useful to you, and maybe even save your life:
1. Take at least 3 liters of water with you per person per day if you are planning a camping trip.
2. Always carry matches in a waterproof container
If the matches get wet, you will be left without clean water and warmth. Under certain conditions, it will kill you overnight. Yes, you can start a fire by friction, a lens, striking a spark, but why all these difficulties? And what is the probability that a person without practice can easily make fire in any way other than matches or a lighter?
3. It is important to have some kind of protection against wildlife with you.
Yes, fire scares away wild animals, but not always. Again, you need to know what animals live in the area where you are going on a hike in order to know how to resist them, if anything. For example, a bear may be scared by a sudden loud sound, but climbing a tree to protect yourself from the bear is a bad idea. Actually, take the minimum with you. good knife. In the camp, prepare a couple of strong and long sticks, as well as stones. Can help repel attacks from wild animals. Well then extreme case, from a knife and a stick you can build a spear - to catch fish or small animals.
4. Proper clothing and keeping it dry is also an important thing.
Wearing wet clothes can easily cause hypothermia, which can be life-threatening. In addition, it is important to know and be able to repair clothes, especially shoes. If you get wet, light a fire and dry your clothes. Sitting naked in front of a fire, you will be in a safer state than in wet clothes, believe me.
5. The elements... in the heat you can get dehydration and heatstroke, in the cold you can get hypothermia
It is important to know how to shelter from bad weather, or to avoid its dangerous fluctuations. It is important to be able to build at least the simplest shelter, hut, canopy, or find natural shelters such as caves.
6. If you get injured in the wild, you can't just call an ambulance.
You must have at least basic first aid skills. Knowing how to properly treat and bandage a wound will help avoid fatal infection. Knowing how to put a splint on a broken limb will allow you to move and go to civilization for help. Yes, carrying a first aid kit is great, but if you learn how to find materials in the wild to dress wounds and apply splints, it can be a big help.
7. Knowing what is edible and what is not is a huge help in the wild.
At least you won't die of hunger. Nuts, berries, roots, plants, mushrooms and more. But study all this in advance.
8. Before you go on a hike, especially alone, don’t be lazy to tell your loved ones about it.
Tell us in detail which area you are going to and when you plan to return. Well, ideally, travel with at least two people, one head is good, but two are better.
9. Carrying a compass is a great idea.
However, it would be nice to be able to navigate in the wild using the sun or use other methods. Although most often, it is better to stay in place and wait for help, because there is a chance that you can get lost very far and will not be found.
10. You need to know how to send a distress signal.
It would be nice to have something with you that makes a loud sound or a mirror. If you have the opportunity to go out into the open and you hear the sound of a motorized airplane or helicopter, stand in the “Y” pose with your arms raised - .
Well, in conclusion, the most banal but obvious thing - never go hiking without at least minimal training in survival in the wild.
Before you go into the forest, you need to prepare for unforeseen circumstances and be prepared for anything, in particular the possibility of getting lost. A few tips will help you survive for a while, perhaps until you are discovered search party. First of all, you need to take care of warmth, safety, drinking water, and then about food!
Obviously, fire can provide warmth and safety (to some extent). For making a fire you need to choose a suitable place, it should be sufficiently far from trees (about 5 meters), and there should also be no peat deposits nearby. Peat smolders for a long time and there is a possibility that in a few days, a fire will flare up again in the place of the extinguished fire. It is recommended to prepare the selected site: clear it of branches and leaves, remove the top layer of turf and cover the fire pit with it, the bottom side up (the turf can also smolder). If you have stones, you can line the fire pit with them.
To ignite, you need to stock up on dry twigs and birch bark. These materials are used to make a kind of “hut”, on the bottom of which dry birch bark and thin twigs are laid. It is better to set fire on the leeward side, after the hut has ignited, first lay thin branches on top, then, as the fire burns, thicker ones, while trying to maintain the shape of the hut. When coals appear, you can safely lay thick trunks.
Making a fire becomes more difficult if at this time it's raining. In this case, it is advisable to have dry kindling (newspaper or paper) with you. dense forest You can also find dry twigs and leaves under the litter. The more damp wood gets into the fire, the more smoke it will produce, and this also positive point— the smoke scares away blood-sucking insects (and there will be no end to these “guests”)!
Also, a fire will be useful if your clothes are wet; you should dry them by hanging them in the bushes (if they are dry), or prepare special sticks for this. It is necessary to hang it in the direction opposite to the wind, while being careful of sparks that can burn through clothing.
Shoes must be dried with care, especially leather ones (at a temperature within 35 degrees); dry hay is stuffed inside, which is periodically replaced with fresh hay. There's another one effective way: small stones (pebbles) are heated in a fire (the temperature should be such that you can hold the heated stones in your hand), then they are poured into shoes and shaken periodically.
A fire will give you confidence dark time days, it is known that animals are afraid of fire; thick trunks will keep the fire going all night.
What to do if it suddenly turns out that you have no matches, no lighter, no flint?! The situation itself is pretty stupid! How can you go into the forest without a source of fire? However, there is a way out of this seemingly critical situation - fire can be produced by friction! I was quite skeptical about this statement if I had not looked at how it is actually done. The process is not simple, it requires effort and preparation, but fire can actually be produced in this way! Will be required dry tree, namely firewood, a small beam (a rope stretched over a willow stick), shavings... The “coal” is produced by intense friction of the “spindle” on the wood substrate (see the video for the process of making fire)...
We've taken care of warmth and safety, now let's talk about what a person won't last long without - water. That is why, before lighting a fire, you need to find some source of water - a river, lake, stream. In the absence of sources water resources, it is necessary to introduce a regime of strict economy of what is available! It is also recommended to minimize the loss of fluid by the body; it is known from anatomy that fluid is lost through sweating, breathing, and urination; accordingly, it is necessary to: move less, sunny weather take cover in the shade, if possible, do not consume dry and fatty foods, do not smoke and abstain from alcoholic beverages!
When searching for water, we are guided by well-known rules and principles, with high probability You will be able to discover or obtain water in the following places:
— Dry rivers or streams (the reservoir is dry, but the water may be close to the surface, you need to dig a hole, it will be filled with water, which can later be purified and consumed after heat treatment);
- Seashore (it would seem that the water will be salty, but if you dig a hole above the high tide level, you may find conditionally fresh water, which after treatment you can drink), but here you need to remember one rule - fresh water is replaced by salt water, so the water level there should be no more than 5 cm in the hole; if you dig deeper, you will reach salt water, which will immediately mix with fresh water;
- Plants can also be a source of water, we are talking about dew, which is collected using a cloth - either they stretch it overnight on the grass or bushes, or they walk through the thickets in the morning, periodically squeezing the wet cloth into a container. Another way is to wear plastic bag on branches with leaves (or on a small bush), condensation will accumulate in it over time;
Some species of fauna grow only in close proximity to water; if you find such a plant, you can easily find water.
Hydrophytes are very sensitive to the presence of moisture, in the absence of it they degenerate, root system branched (because groundwater is near the surface), the stems are succulent, the color is bright green, many people know: common calamus, forest reed, tripartite string, reed...
Next - everything is according to the scheme, we dig a hole, filter the water (through several layers of fabric) and boil it, there is another option - chemical disinfection, I don’t know about potassium permanganate, but iodine may well be in your first aid kit (2 drops per liter is enough ).
If you have a piece of film or fabric at hand, you can build a moisture-collecting device: dig a hole, cover it with film, first place a vessel on the bottom, and place a heavy object in the center of the film to give it a cone shape. The condensed liquid will flow down an inclined plane into the prepared container.
If there is one nearby salt water, from it you can get distilled water, we use the principle of a “moonshine still”: salt water is heated over a fire, an inclined plane is installed above, on which drops of condensed water should settle and then flow into the reservoir.
Another option to find water is to follow the path of herbivores, theoretically, sooner or later it should lead to a watering hole, but for this you need, at a minimum, to know the traces of herbivores, and besides, it is not known how many kilometers you will have to walk to the watering hole, not It is possible that a couple of hundred!
If you are incredibly lucky and you still find water, despite your excruciating thirst, remember - you need to drink water in small sips! After prolonged abstinence, large sips can cause vomiting - the main task is to replenish lost fluid! If possible, boil water, otherwise instead of relief, you will get food poisoning or catch an intestinal infection, which will greatly worsen your condition, and in the worst case, lead to death!
Let's say that you are lucky - lost in the forest, you stumbled upon a pond (the water problem has been solved), now let's work on the question of how to get food, or more precisely - catch a fish, provided that you do not have any fishing gear or accessories. Let's try to lure the fish into a kind of homemade tank, the task will be simplified if you have a jar or a plastic bottle with you - you can make a regular trap out of them by adding bait (bread, insects, forest worms). However, in this case, you should expect only a small catch, although you will complete the task of satisfying your hunger!
If there are no suitable containers, you need to try to make something like a dam: at a distance of about 1-2 meters from the reservoir, a hole is dug, about half a meter deep, measuring a meter in length and width. Next, the tanks are connected by a channel through which the intended “victim” will swim into your trap. Accordingly, you need to try to lure the naive fish into the hole (using bait - again bread, worms, insects), and then block the channel. Voila – the catch is in your “pocket”!
Again, check your pockets carefully, perhaps you will find something from which you can still make fishing rods: twine (rope, a piece of fishing line, dredging), a pin (you can even try using a paper clip or a piece of wire). The rest is a matter of technique: a rope is tied to a branch, a homemade “hook” with bait is attached – and off to work!
You can try another “old-fashioned” method - fishing with a spear, for which you must make the appropriate equipment. The spear is made like this: a suitable branch (the length and width is selected according to convenience) is split at the end, either with a knife or with suitable objects (the sharp edge of a bowl, a tin can), to increase the area of damage to the spear, you can use wedges inserted into the split end. A suitable place in the reservoir is selected, bait is scattered and... you just have to wait until the careless prey swims closer to you. There is, perhaps, only one nuance here - all the fish that I met reacted to the slightest movement, and their reaction was many times faster than my speed, therefore, in order to obtain food in this way, you will have to be patient and persevering...
Another piece of advice, in my opinion, is quite dubious - catching fish with your hands in muddy water. It is assumed that the fisherman, having previously chosen a narrow place in the river, intensively stirs up and stirs up the water, while the fish, due to reduced visibility, loses its bearings. At this moment, a clever getter snatches her...
Without a doubt, all of the above methods are complex and require considerable effort from a lost person, but if fishing without a fishing rod turns out to be successful, in addition to satiating his hunger, he will receive moral satisfaction and spiritual uplift, which is important in the current situation!
Today we will look at the basic rules of survival in conditions of an unplanned separation from civilization.
This short article can give you the basic principles of survival in extreme conditions. Many will say that they do not need this knowledge, but remember that no one is immune from plane crashes, shipwrecks, war and other circumstances that force them to live in the forest, desert and other wild areas.
First of all, when you find yourself far from civilization, you should think about whether you have small but extremely useful things, such as: a knife, matches, a lighter, a magnifying glass (used for refraction sunlight, subsequent lighting of the fire) Read the article: , binoculars, plastic bottles. Each of these items greatly simplifies survival, but even in their absence you should not give up.
After inspecting the equipment, the nature of the terrain should be determined. Are there snakes or poisonous insects, what mammals, predators and herbivores are found in it, what plants grow, are there any among them fruit trees or berries, whether there are crabs, crayfish, shrimp.
Be sure to read the material.
The most important factor is the presence fresh water. The main thing is not to fall into a stupor and not to panic, but to calmly reflect on environment. Immediately after analyzing the area, you should begin searching for sources of fresh water.
The presence of snow and reservoirs greatly simplifies the task, but if there are none, you have to look for a spring. As a rule, they lead to the spring animal trails, wetlands, ravines. Remember: if within one day you were unable to find a source of fresh water, you should collect condensation (for this you will need a container that is close to tightness, which must be placed in the sun), dew and rainwater.
If you suspect that the place where you find yourself is inhabited by snakes or poisonous insects, you need to start building a home. The right choice a place to live can save you from many problems in the future. You should not be located near water or in lowlands; look for an open area on a hill. You also need to light a fire: its smoke repels wild animals and insects, helps to keep warm and is necessary for cooking. After finding water, you should look for food. It’s good if you have fruits and berries, they will help you survive until you learn to hunt. If they are not there, start making a bow and arrows, since these weapons are the easiest to master. The bow should be made of elastic wood (birch, yew, ash, acacia are perfect). Anyone can learn to shoot a bow, the only difference is the amount of time spent on learning. The optimal distance for shooting at a moving target is 20 – 40 meters. The length of the bow is determined by the distance from the feet to the tailbone. Bows do not last long, especially if they are made with a quick fix. In order for onions to serve for a relatively long time, the wood is boiled in animal fat, with the addition of joints. An excellent bow string can be made from ligaments and tendons; in the absence of another, shoelaces can be used as the first string. It will take a lot of effort to properly tension the bowstring; As a rule, a wooden blank is applied to a tree trunk, resting against both ends and bent into reverse side, after that the bowstring is tied.
The easiest way to track an animal is at a watering hole. Once you find a place where the herd goes to drink, you can successfully feed for several weeks. Remember that wild animals are excellent at detecting smells and sounds, and shooting at a static target is possible from a distance of up to 80 meters (the arrow travels this distance in 1.7 seconds).
You'll be very hungry by the time you make a good bow, learn how to shoot it, and hunt down your first game. Therefore, it’s not at all superfluous to look at the treetops while walking, looking for bird’s nests. It will be wonderful if over time you can start raising livestock; skins and wool can serve as excellent clothing; many mammals give milk.
Although deliberately searching for a small wolf cub is foolhardy, a chance find can greatly relieve your loneliness and make the hunt easier. Never try to take a wolf cub from its parents, moreover, even if at first glance it seems to you that he is completely alone, take a closer look and wait a while: wolves very rarely abandon their offspring. Do not confuse the wolf with other canines, for example, with hyenas - they cannot be trained.
In conclusion, I would like to wish everyone good luck in this difficult task, because to survive in the wild, you need completely different skills than to survive in the city. I hope and sincerely believe that reading this article will be useful to you in less extreme conditions.
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