A message on the topic of Russian nature reserves. Five of the most protected nature reserves in Russia
Fortunately, human economic activity has not covered all parts of our country. The state took care of some natural complexes, declaring them protected areas. Such places are carefully protected from destructive anthropogenic influence. In total, there are over a hundred nature reserves in the Russian Federation. Let's take a closer look at five of them.
An area of 165,724 hectares in Buryatia was declared the Baikal Nature Reserve in 1969.
The Kabansky State Nature Reserve is also subordinate to this reserve. More than 800 plant species form the flora; landscapes are mainly steppe and taiga. Among the species diversity of the animal world there are: 37 species of mammals, 260 species of birds. Several tourist routes pass through the territory, and there is a Museum of Nature.
In 1932, the Ussuri Nature Reserve was created to protect animals. 99% of its territory is covered with forests. 15 plant species found in the reserves are listed in the Red Book of Russia. The inhabitants of the pages of the Red Book also include: black stork, Amur tiger, Himalayan bear, etc. Scientific research is constantly carried out on the territory.
On a modern scale, which is about 882 thousand hectares, it was established in 1967. It is one of the largest protected natural areas. The climate in the reserve is continental. The landscapes are mostly mountain taiga.
Its territory is on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. The flora is rich: cedar and fir forests give way to deciduous ones, pine forests stretch along the unique Lake Teletskoye; in alpine meadows there is a variety of herbaceous plants.
The mentioned UNESCO list called “Golden Mountains of Altai” also includes the Katunsky Nature Reserve, which has received biosphere status since the beginning of the 21st century. On its territory, with an area of 150 thousand hectares, there are 135 lakes, 700 species of plants, over 20 of which are listed in the Red Book of Russia, many herbs are valuable as medicinal ones.
The fauna is also diverse, for example, you can meet 140 species of birds, or come across a snow leopard in the highlands, which is listed in the International Red Book. On the territory close to the Katunsky Nature Reserve there is the Belukha National Park.
In Peter the Great Bay there is the no less great Far Eastern Nature Reserve, which was created in 1978 to protect valuable species living on the shelf of the Sea of Japan. And these are 250 species of fish, 800 representatives of the algae world. On its territory there is both a zone of complete conservation - the Rimsky-Korsakov archipelago, and a museum of sea nature on Popov Island.
The list contains museums and reserves of the Russian Federation, grouped by region. Contents 1 Altai Territory 2 Arkhangelsk Region ... Wikipedia
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- No. Name Location Area, km² Date of formation Type 1 Agrakhansky reserve Dagestan 0390. 0390.00 01983 04 08 April 8 ... Wikipedia
Currently, in the region there are: 2 nature reserves, 12 nature reserves (including 1 of federal significance), 57 natural monuments (including 10 of local significance), 1 botanical garden, medical... ... Wikipedia
In the Tomsk region there are no reserves, there are sanctuaries: 15 zoological reserves: Tomsk Verkhne Sorovsky Ilovsky Kaltaisky Karegodsky Ketsky Malo Yuksinsky Oktyabrsky Sturgeon nelm Paninsky Pershinsky Poskoevsky Tongulsky ... ... Wikipedia
Main article: Mari El As of January 1, 2011, the natural reserve fund of the Republic of Mari El includes 49 specially protected natural sites (SPNA), including: State Nature Reserve "Bolshaya Kokshaga"; National... ... Wikipedia
The information in this article or some sections of it is out of date. You can help the project... Wikipedia
This list lists specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) located in the south of the Tyumen region. For lists of protected areas included in the Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, see separate articles. As of... ... Wikipedia
The nature reserve fund of the Republic of Karelia includes 168 specially protected natural areas (SPNA). Objects of federal significance include two nature reserves, three national parks, two federal zoological reserves, as well as... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Reserved matter of Russia. Theory, practice, history, F. R. Shtilmark. Felix Robertovich Shtilmark substantiated the scientific principles of conservation, gave a clear definition of conservation, thus creating the theory of conservation. Published works include:...
National parks and reserves are some of the few places with almost untouched nature. Virgin forests, pristine lakes, rare and endangered species of animals - all this can be seen with your own eyes for a small price or completely free. We want to tell you about the largest and most remarkable natural parks and reserves in different natural areas of Russia.
- Square: 269 thousand hectares
- Location: The Republic of Buryatia
- Date of foundation: September 12, 1986
- Average temperature: in January −18…−19 °C, in July +12…+14 °C
- Animal world: white hare, muskrat, squirrel, brown bear, elk, ermine
Here you can find animals listed in the Red Book; there are more than 40 rare and endangered species in the Transbaikal Park. The world of birds is also diverse: in the park you can see a black crane, a black stork, and a whooper swan. The vegetation is of particular value: many pine, cedar and fir forests are more than 200 years old. The park contains many unique natural monuments - capes, islands, caves, water sources, as well as archaeological sites, such as traces of ancient settlements.
The park territory includes several natural complexes: the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, the islands of Chivyrkuisky Bay, and the Ushkany Islands. The latter, by the way, are especially popular with ants: there are more than six thousand anthills on the islands, some of them reaching the height of a man! The Ushkany Islands are also famous for seals: in the summer hundreds of individuals gather on large rocks. Seals are shy animals, so the park administration protects them from the excessive attention of visitors - they will not be able to get to the islands without special permission.
- Square: 881 thousand hectares
- Location: Altai Republic, Altai Mountains
- Date of foundation: April 16, 1932
- Average temperature: in January −8.3 °C, in July +16.8 °C
- Animal world: bear, sable, wolverine, deer, ermine, squirrel, roe deer
Thinking about what nature reserves there are in Russia, one cannot help but recall the Altai Nature Reserve. It has a rather difficult fate: twice, in 1951 and 1961, it was disbanded, but was invariably restored. Its main goals are the preservation of Lake Teletskoye, the protection of forests, and the rescue of sable, deer, snow leopard and other animals on the verge of extinction. There are many streams and springs with clean water on the territory of the reserve. The pride of the reserve is its cedar forests: their age reaches 450 years.
The territory of the reserve is practically impassable, only occasionally there are narrow paths, which only foresters and some employees can navigate. This is one of the largest nature reserves in Russia, its area is 9.4% of the total area of the Altai Republic. The reserve is included in the list of pristine or little changed ecological regions of the world.
- Square: 121 thousand hectares
- Location: Primorsky Krai, village Lazo
- Date of foundation: February 10, 1935
- Average temperature: in January −5.1…−12.5 °C, in August +17.4…+23.5 °C
- Animal world: sika deer, wapiti, goral, Amur tiger
The Lazovsky State Nature Reserve of Russia is named after its second director, Lev Georgievich Kaplanov. He was one of the first to study Amur tigers, which to this day serve as a source of pride for the reserve. In 1943, Kaplanov was killed by poachers who spread into the reserve during the Great Patriotic War.
Lazovsky Nature Reserve is the second largest in Primorye. Forests occupy 96% of the reserve's territory. It is the conservation and study of coniferous-deciduous forests that is one of the main goals of creating the reserve. In addition, employees try to preserve populations of animal species listed in the Red Book. For example, on the territory of the reserve there are 14 adult Amur tigers and more than 200 gorals, a cloven-hoofed animal of the goat subfamily.
- Square: 17 thousand hectares
- Location: Primorsky Krai
- Date of foundation: 1916
- Average temperature: in January −13 °C, in August +21 °C
- Animal world: Far Eastern leopard, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, Himalayan bear, roe deer, wild boar, exotic butterflies
“Kedrovaya Pad” is one of the oldest nature reserves in Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the creation of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the strengthening of Vladivostok as a commercial port, intensive development of Primorye began. Development was accompanied by deforestation, forest fires, and indiscriminate hunting, including rare animals. In 1910, a forestry department was organized on the site of the reserve, which sought to preserve unique virgin forests. Thanks to foresters, deforestation, mining, and hunting stopped in Kedrovaya Pad, and soon the reserve itself was created.
More than 900 plant species grow here; some of them are not found anywhere except Kedrovaya Pad. Forests occupy 73% of the reserve's area. Particularly noteworthy are black fir forests, which are almost impossible to find anywhere else. Black fir, which gets its name from its dark bark, is the largest tree in the Far East. The wildlife of the reserve is also diverse - from the flying squirrel to the Far Eastern leopard, listed in the Red Book.
- Square: 134 thousand hectares
- Location: Samara Region
- Date of foundation: April 28, 1984
- Animal world: bat, golden eagle, elk, roe deer
There are about 200 natural and historical monuments in the park, including mounds, mountains and caves. The park is also rich in archaeological finds. For example, on the territory of the Samara Luka, burial mounds of the 7th–8th centuries and traces of the Murom town and settlements of the 9th–13th centuries were found.
More than 30 thousand bats live in the old adits in the park - 15 species in total, some of them are listed in the Red Book. Many tourists, when visiting the adits, made noise, lit fires, and took photographs of animals. Since bats are very sensitive, human intervention has resulted in death for many. To preserve the animal population, park staff have limited access to the adits. However, the park's scientific and technical council decided to create a "Bat Museum" so that visitors could still get to know the lifestyle of bats and their role in nature.
- Square: 1,462.37 km2
- Location: Smolensk region
- Date of foundation: April 15, 1992
- Animal world: beaver, squirrel, mink, golden eagle
There are 35 glacial lakes in the park - hence the name “Smolensk Lake District”. This national park strives not only to protect nature, but also to engage in environmental education activities. “Smolensk Poozerye” gladly welcomes tourists and organizes cultural events: bard song festivals, marches, excursions. For example, a sports ornithology competition is held among park guests in the spring and fall - this is, roughly speaking, a photo hunt for birds.
Sixty-five plant species of the “Smolensk Poozerie” are included in the Red Book of the Smolensk Region, 10 of them are included in the Red Book of Russia. Also rare are 26 species of birds and six species of mammals in the park.
- Square: 6,621 ha
- Location: Kaliningrad region
- Date of foundation: November 6, 1987
- Animal world: elk, wild boar, roe deer, fox, badger, finch, starling
In the north, the Curonian Spit park is adjacent to the Russian-Lithuanian border. This is a favorite vacation spot for Kaliningrad residents and guests of the Kaliningrad region: despite its small size, the Curonian Spit is one of the most visited national parks in the country. Once upon a time, Scandinavians, Germans, and Balts lived on its territory. Therefore, the Curonian Spit preserves many archaeological monuments from different eras: burial grounds, sites, traces of ancient settlements.
The “Curonian Spit” can be called a “museum of natural areas” - after all, on its territory you can find a variety of landscapes, from birch forests to sand dunes. And only here you can see the “dancing forest”: the pines planted in the park in the 60s of the 20th century bend intricately, reminiscent of the figures of dancing people.
- Square: 1,585 km²
- Location: Novgorod region
- Date of foundation: May 17, 1990
- Average temperature: in January −10 °C, in July +16…+17 °C
- Animal world: elk, marten, lynx, otter, bear, hare, badger, fox
Valdai National Park got its name from the city of Valdai, which is more than 500 years old. In addition to 82 archaeological monuments, the park is notable for its architectural and architectural monuments - these are ancient estates, a 17th-century monastery, and an 18th-century church. Since the park is located close to Moscow and St. Petersburg, it is one of the most visited in Russia. Eighty-six percent of the area is occupied by forests, where spruce, birch, and pine trees mainly grow.
Valdai National Park hosts many exhibitions and environmental education events, for example, game quests for schoolchildren. During the competition, children must carefully study information about the park in order to find the treasure.
- Square: 659 thousand hectares
- Location: Irkutsk region
- Date of foundation: December 5, 1986
- Average temperature: in January −15 °C, in July +14 °C
- Animal world: bear, deer, lynx, wolf, white-tailed eagle, black stork
You can only get to the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve by water, by boat. The attraction of the reserve is the coast of brown bears. In May, from a ship or observation tower you can see how the owners of the taiga walk along the coastline. The reserve also contains the oldest volcanoes in the world - they are more than a thousand million years old!
The reserve is home to more than 300 species of vertebrates, more than 240 species of birds and 100 species of butterflies. In the administrative building of the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve, which is located in Irkutsk, there is a nature museum and a visitor information center.
- Square: 303.8 km²
- Location: Chelyabinsk region
- Date of foundation: May 14, 1920
- Average temperature: in January −21 °C, in July +18 °C
- Animal world: ermine, polecat, hare, brown bear, flying squirrel, wolf
The Ilmensky Nature Reserve is of interest not only to tourists, but also to geologists. On its territory there are deposits of precious stones and rare minerals: sapphire, zircon, topaz, aquamarine. It was here that 16 minerals were first discovered. Since 1930, the mineralogical museum has been open to visitors, displaying more than 200 minerals found in the reserve.
Since 1935, the reserve began to protect not only minerals, but also plants and animals. You can get to the Ilmensky Nature Reserve by car from Chelyabinsk or by public transport from Miass.
Table especially protected natural areas of the world contains background information: protected areas and included objects belonging to different countries, such as nature reserves, national parks and reserves.
Protected areas of the world |
Protected objects |
|
Astrakhan Nature Reserve |
Volga Delta, lotus, salvinia, chili, waterfowl and wading birds |
|
Barguzinsky Reserve |
Shore of Lake Baikal, mountain taiga fauna, Baikal seal |
|
Galichya Mountain Nature Reserve |
Areas of relict vegetation on limestone |
|
Ilmensky Reserve |
Mineralogical reserve in nature |
|
Kronodsky Reserve |
Volcanoes, geysers. Bighorn sheep, sable, Steller's sea eagle. Sea lion rookery. Salmon spawning areas. |
|
Sikhote-Alinsky Nature Reserve |
Mountain forests, tiger, sika deer |
|
Stolby Nature Reserve (spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains) |
Granite rocks, up to 100m high |
|
Manych-Gudilo Nature Reserve |
Places of concentration for nesting (bustard, little bustard) and during the migration of waterfowl |
|
Buzuluksky Bor Nature Reserve |
Relict and ribbon pine forests, Trans-Volga region |
|
Belarus |
Belovezhskaya Pushcha Nature Reserve |
Broad-leaved forests, pine forests, bison |
Bulgaria |
Vitosha National Park |
Mountain range, coniferous and deciduous forests, endemic plants, 114 bird species |
Bükk National Park |
Limestone mountain range with karst phenomena |
|
Ireland |
Natural monument Laka-gigar |
Lava fields, Laki volcano |
Ein Gedi Reserve |
An oasis of unique flora on the shores of the Dead Sea |
|
Motichur Reserve |
Foothills of the Himalayas. Elephant, tiger, leopard, porcupine |
|
Gir Forest National Park |
Kathiyawar Peninsula, the only habitat of the Asiatic lion in the world |
|
Indonesia |
Baluran National Park |
Bali seashore, extinct volcano, mangroves, coral reefs |
Virunga National Park |
Rwenzori crystalline massif. Vegetation ranges from equatorial forests to alpine meadows. Gorillas, hippos, elephants, warts |
|
Salonga National Park |
Forest fauna, endemic pygmy chimpanzee, pygmy elephant, pygmy buffalo. |
|
Namib National Park |
Desert, deep canyons. Vilvichia is amazing |
|
Tanzania |
Serengeti National Park |
Rivers of the Lake Victoria basin, gallery forests, unique concentrations of migratory herbivores and exceptionally high numbers of predators |
Ngorongoro Reserve |
Volcano crater, mountain rainforests, local Mosai tribes are allowed economic activity |
|
Cabarego National Park |
Waterfall on the Victoria River - Nile, 350 species of birds, Nile crocodile, lion, chimpanzee, rhinoceros |
|
Kruger National Park |
Wide variety of Proteaceae, rich fauna, elephant, hippopotamus, antelope |
|
North America, Canada |
Wood Buffalo National Park |
Protected area of bison and whooping crane habitat, black bear caribou |
Grand Canyon National Park |
The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is 350 km long and 1.5 km deep |
|
Yose National Park - Mitsky |
Western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, giant sequoia grows |
|
Great Smoky Mountains National Park |
Appalachian site, tulip tree, 50 species of mammals, 200 species of birds, 77 species of reptiles |
|
Carlsbath Caves National Park |
One of the world's largest cave systems with millions of bats |
|
Everglades National Park |
Subtropical vegetation, mangroves, alligator, American crocodile, Florida cougar |
|
South America |
Colorado National Monument |
Bizarre formations are the result of sandstone weathering |
Argentina |
Iguazu National Park |
Waterfall, flora includes 2000 species of higher plants, rare animals |
Nahuel National Park - Huapi |
Eastern slopes of the Andes, glacial landscape, lakes, beech forests with orchids, variety of hummingbird species |
|
Galapagos National Park |
Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, more than 200 species of endemic plants, unique species of fauna, giant turtle, iguana |
|
Australia |
Lakes National Park |
Lakes, sand dunes, eucalyptus trees, possum, koala, kangaroo, ground parrot |
King Lake National Park |
Waterfalls, forests (eucalyptus, orchids, ferns), platypus, wombat, 100 bird species |
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