Solar system with the names of the planets in Russian. Comparative characteristics of the planets of the solar system: description and interesting facts
Our home in space is the Solar System, a star system consisting of eight planets and part of the Milky Way galaxy. In the center is a star called the Sun. The solar system is four and a half billion years old. We live on the third planet from the sun. Do you know about other planets in the solar system?! Now we will tell you a little about them.
Mercury- the smallest planet in the solar system. Its radius is 2440 km. The period of revolution around the Sun is 88 Earth days. During this time, Mercury manages to rotate around its own axis only one and a half times. A day on Mercury lasts approximately 59 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury is one of the most unstable: not only the speed of movement and its distance from the Sun, but also the position itself changes there. There are no satellites.
Neptune- the eighth planet of the solar system. It is located quite close to Uranus. The radius of the planet is 24547 km. A year on Neptune is 60,190 days, that is, about 164 Earth years. Has 14 satellites. It has an atmosphere in which the strongest winds have been recorded - up to 260 m/s.
By the way, Neptune was discovered not through observations, but through mathematical calculations.
Uranus- the seventh planet in the solar system. Radius - 25267 km. The coldest planet has a surface temperature of -224 degrees. A year on Uranus is equal to 30,685 Earth days, that is, approximately 84 years. Day - 17 hours. Has 27 satellites.
Saturn- the sixth planet of the solar system. The radius of the planet is 57350 km. It is second in size after Jupiter. A year on Saturn is 10,759 days, which is almost 30 Earth years. A day on Saturn is almost equal to a day on Jupiter - 10.5 Earth hours. It is most similar to the Sun in the composition of chemical elements.
Has 62 satellites.
The main feature of Saturn is its rings. Their origin has not yet been established.
Jupiter- the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the largest planet in the solar system. The radius of Jupiter is 69912 km. This is as much as 19 times larger than the Earth. A year there lasts as many as 4333 Earth days, that is, almost less than 12 years. A day is about 10 Earth hours long.
Jupiter has as many as 67 satellites. The largest of them are Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Moreover, Ganymede is 8% larger than Mercury, the smallest planet in our system, and has an atmosphere.
Mars- the fourth planet of the solar system. Its radius is 3390 km, which is almost half the size of the Earth. A year on Mars is 687 Earth days. It has 2 satellites - Phobos and Deimos.
The planet's atmosphere is thin. Water found on some areas of the surface suggests that some kind of primitive life on Mars was once before or even exists now.
Venus- the second planet of the solar system. It is similar in mass and radius to the Earth. There are no satellites.
The atmosphere of Venus consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 96%, nitrogen - approximately 4%. Water vapor and oxygen are also present, but in very small quantities. Due to the fact that such an atmosphere creates a greenhouse effect, the temperature on the surface of the planet reaches 475 °C. A day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days. A year on Venus is 255 days.
Pluto is a dwarf planet on the edges of the solar system, which is the dominant object in a distant system of 6 small cosmic bodies. The radius of the planet is 1195 km. Pluto's orbital period around the Sun is approximately 248 Earth years. A day on Pluto is 152 hours long. The mass of the planet is approximately 0.0025 that of the Earth.
It is noteworthy that Pluto was excluded from the category of planets in 2006 due to the fact that in the Kuiper belt there are objects that are larger or equal in size to Pluto, which is why, even if it is accepted as a full-fledged planet, then in this case it is necessary Add Eris to this category - which is almost the same size as Pluto.
The solar system consists of eight planets and more than 63 of their satellites, which are being discovered more and more often, as well as several dozen comets and a large number of asteroids. All cosmic bodies move along their own clearly directed trajectories around the Sun, which is 1000 times heavier than all the bodies in the Solar System combined.
How many planets revolve around the sun
How the planets of the Solar System originated: approximately 5-6 billion years ago, one of the disk-shaped gas and dust clouds of our large Galaxy (Milky Way) began to shrink towards the center, gradually forming the present Sun. Further, according to one theory, under the influence of powerful forces of attraction, a large number of dust and gas particles revolving around the Sun began to stick together into balls - forming future planets. As another theory says, the gas and dust cloud immediately broke up into separate clusters of particles, which compressed and became denser, forming the current planets. Now 8 planets revolve around the Sun constantly.
The center of the solar system is the Sun, a star around which the planets orbit. They do not emit heat and do not glow, but only reflect the light of the Sun. There are now 8 officially recognized planets in the solar system. Let us briefly list them all in order of distance from the sun. And now a few definitions.
Satellites of the planets. The solar system also includes the Moon and the natural satellites of other planets, which they all have except Mercury and Venus. Over 60 satellites are known. Most of the satellites of the outer planets were discovered when they received photographs taken by robotic spacecraft. Jupiter's smallest satellite, Leda, is only 10 km across.
The sun is a star, without which life on Earth could not exist. It gives us energy and warmth. According to the classification of stars, the Sun is a yellow dwarf. Age about 5 billion years. It has a diameter at the equator of 1,392,000 km, 109 times larger than that of Earth. The rotation period at the equator is 25.4 days and 34 days at the poles. The mass of the Sun is 2x10 to the 27th power of tons, approximately 332,950 times the mass of the Earth. The temperature inside the core is approximately 15 million degrees Celsius. The surface temperature is about 5500 degrees Celsius.
In terms of its chemical composition, the Sun consists of 75% hydrogen, and of the other 25% elements, the majority is helium. Now let’s figure out in order how many planets revolve around the sun, in the solar system and the characteristics of the planets.
Planets of the solar system in order from the sun in pictures
Mercury is the 1st planet in the solar system
Mercury. The four inner planets (closest to the Sun)—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—have a rocky surface. They are smaller than the four giant planets. Mercury moves faster than other planets, being burned by the sun's rays during the day and freezing at night.
Characteristics of the planet Mercury:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 87.97 days.
Diameter at the equator: 4878 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 58 days.
Surface temperature: 350 during the day and -170 at night.
Atmosphere: very rarefied, helium.
How many satellites: 0.
The main satellites of the planet: 0.
Venus is the 2nd planet in the solar system
Venus is more similar to Earth in size and brightness. Observing it is difficult due to the clouds enveloping it. The surface is a hot rocky desert.
Characteristics of the planet Venus:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 224.7 days.
Diameter at the equator: 12104 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 243 days.
Surface temperature: 480 degrees (average).
Atmosphere: dense, mostly carbon dioxide.
How many satellites: 0.
The main satellites of the planet: 0.
Earth is the 3rd planet in the solar system
Apparently, the Earth was formed from a gas and dust cloud, like other planets in the solar system. Particles of gas and dust collided and gradually “grew” the planet. The temperature on the surface reached 5000 degrees Celsius. Then the Earth cooled and became covered with a hard rock crust. But the temperature in the depths is still quite high - 4500 degrees. Rocks in the depths are molten and during volcanic eruptions they flow to the surface. Only on earth there is water. That's why life exists here. It is located relatively close to the Sun in order to receive the necessary heat and light, but far enough so as not to burn out.
Characteristics of planet Earth:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 365.3 days.
Diameter at the equator: 12756 km.
Period of rotation of the planet (rotation around its axis): 23 hours 56 minutes.
Surface temperature: 22 degrees (average).
Atmosphere: Mainly nitrogen and oxygen.
Number of satellites: 1.
The main satellites of the planet: the Moon.
Mars is the 4th planet in the solar system
Because of its resemblance to Earth, it was believed that life existed here. But the spacecraft that descended to the surface of Mars found no signs of life. This is the fourth planet in order.
Characteristics of the planet Mars:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 687 days.
Diameter of the planet at the equator: 6794 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 24 hours 37 minutes.
Surface temperature: -23 degrees (average).
The planet's atmosphere: thin, mostly carbon dioxide.
How many satellites: 2.
The main satellites in order: Phobos, Deimos.
Jupiter is the 5th planet in the solar system
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are made of hydrogen and other gases. Jupiter exceeds Earth by more than 10 times in diameter, 300 times in mass and 1300 times in volume. It is more than twice as massive as all the planets in the solar system combined. How long does it take for planet Jupiter to become a star? We need to increase its mass by 75 times!
Characteristics of the planet Jupiter:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 11 years 314 days.
Diameter of the planet at the equator: 143884 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 9 hours 55 minutes.
Planet surface temperature: -150 degrees (average).
Number of satellites: 16 (+ rings).
The main satellites of the planets in order: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto.
Saturn is the 6th planet in the solar system
It is number 2, the largest of the planets in the solar system. Saturn attracts attention thanks to its ring system formed of ice, rocks and dust that orbit the planet. There are three main rings with an outer diameter of 270,000 km, but their thickness is about 30 meters.
Characteristics of the planet Saturn:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 29 years 168 days.
Diameter of the planet at the equator: 120536 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 10 hours 14 minutes.
Surface temperature: -180 degrees (average).
Atmosphere: Mainly hydrogen and helium.
Number of satellites: 18 (+ rings).
Main satellites: Titan.
Uranus is the 7th planet in the solar system
A unique planet in the solar system. Its peculiarity is that it rotates around the Sun not like everyone else, but “lying on its side.” Uranus also has rings, although they are harder to see. In 1986, Voyager 2 flew at a distance of 64,000 km and had six hours of photography time, which it successfully completed.
Characteristics of the planet Uranus:
Orbital period: 84 years 4 days.
Diameter at the equator: 51118 km.
Period of rotation of the planet (rotation around its axis): 17 hours 14 minutes.
Surface temperature: -214 degrees (average).
Atmosphere: Mainly hydrogen and helium.
How many satellites: 15 (+ rings).
Main satellites: Titania, Oberon.
Neptune is the 8th planet in the solar system
At the moment, Neptune is considered the last planet in the solar system. Its discovery took place through mathematical calculations, and then it was seen through a telescope. In 1989, Voyager 2 flew by. He took stunning photographs of the blue surface of Neptune and its largest moon, Triton.
Characteristics of the planet Neptune:
Period of revolution around the Sun: 164 years 292 days.
Diameter at the equator: 50538 km.
Rotation period (rotation around an axis): 16 hours 7 minutes.
Surface temperature: -220 degrees (average).
Atmosphere: Mainly hydrogen and helium.
Number of satellites: 8.
Main satellites: Triton.
How many planets are there in the solar system: 8 or 9?
Previously, for many years, astronomers recognized the presence of 9 planets, that is, Pluto was also considered a planet, like the others already known to everyone. But in the 21st century, scientists were able to prove that it is not a planet at all, which means that there are 8 planets in the solar system.
Now, if you are asked how many planets are in the solar system, answer boldly - 8 planets in our system. This has been officially recognized since 2006. When arranging the planets of the solar system in order from the sun, use the ready-made picture. Do you think that maybe Pluto should not have been removed from the list of planets and that this is scientific prejudice?
How many planets are there in the solar system: video, watch for free
The Earth, like all the planets in our Solar System, revolves around the Sun. And their moons revolve around the planets.
Since 2006, when it was transferred from the category of planets to dwarf planets, there are 8 planets in our system.
Planetary placement
All of them are located in almost circular orbits and rotate in the direction of rotation of the Sun itself, with the exception of Venus. Venus rotates in the opposite direction - from east to west, unlike Earth, which rotates from west to east, like most other planets.
However, the moving model of the solar system does not show so many small details. Among other oddities, it is worth noting that Uranus rotates almost lying on its side (the mobile model of the Solar System does not show this either), its rotation axis is tilted by approximately 90 degrees. This is associated with a cataclysm that occurred a long time ago and influenced the inclination of its axis. This could have been a collision with any large cosmic body that was unlucky enough to fly past the gas giant.
What groups of planets exist
The planetary model of the solar system in dynamics shows us 8 planets, which are divided into 2 types: terrestrial planets (these include: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune).
This model does a good job of demonstrating the differences in planet sizes. Planets of the same group share similar characteristics, from structure to relative sizes; a detailed model of the Solar System in proportions clearly demonstrates this.
Belts of asteroids and icy comets
In addition to planets, our system contains hundreds of satellites (Jupiter alone has 62 of them), millions of asteroids and billions of comets. There is also an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and the interactive Flash model of the Solar System clearly demonstrates it.
Kuiper Belt
The belt remains from the formation of the planetary system, and after the orbit of Neptune extends the Kuiper belt, which still hides dozens of icy bodies, some of which are even larger than Pluto.
And at a distance of 1-2 light years there is the Oort cloud, a truly gigantic sphere encircling the Sun and representing the remains of building material that was thrown out after the formation of the planetary system. The Oort cloud is so large that we are not able to show you its scale.
Regularly supplies us with long-period comets, which take about 100,000 years to reach the center of the system and delight us with their command. However, not all comets from the cloud survive their encounter with the Sun, and last year’s fiasco of comet ISON is clear evidence of this. It is a pity that this model of the flash system does not display such small objects as comets.
It would be wrong to ignore such an important group of celestial bodies, which were singled out into a separate taxonomy relatively recently, after the International Astronomical Union (MAC) held its famous session in 2006, in which the planet Pluto.
Background of the opening
And the prehistory began relatively recently, with the introduction of modern telescopes in the early 90s. In general, the beginning of the 90s was marked by a number of major technological breakthroughs.
Firstly, it was at this time that the Edwin Hubble Orbital Telescope was put into operation, which, with its 2.4 meter mirror placed outside the earth’s atmosphere, discovered an absolutely amazing world inaccessible to ground-based telescopes.
Secondly, the qualitative development of computer and various optical systems has allowed astronomers not only to build new telescopes, but also to significantly expand the capabilities of old ones. Through the use of digital cameras, which have completely replaced film. It became possible to accumulate light and keep track of almost every photon falling on the photodetector matrix with unattainable accuracy, and computer positioning and modern processing tools quickly moved such an advanced science as astronomy to a new stage of development.
Alarm bells
Thanks to these successes, it became possible to discover celestial bodies of quite large sizes beyond the orbit of Neptune. These were the first “bells”. The situation became greatly aggravated at the beginning of the 2000s; it was then that in 2003-2004 Sedna and Eris were discovered, which, according to preliminary calculations, had the same size as Pluto, and Eris was completely superior to it.
Astronomers have reached a dead end: either admit that they have discovered the 10th planet, or there is something wrong with Pluto. And new discoveries were not long in coming. In 2005, it was discovered that, together with Quaoar, discovered back in June 2002, Orcus and Varuna literally filled the trans-Neptunian space, which, beyond the orbit of Pluto, was previously considered almost empty.
International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union, convened in 2006, decided that Pluto, Eris, Haumea and Ceres, which joined them, belong to. Objects that were in orbital resonance with Neptune in a ratio of 2:3 began to be called plutinos, and all other Kuiper Belt objects were called cubevanos. Since then, we have only 8 planets left.
The history of the formation of modern astronomical views
Schematic representation of the Solar system and spacecraft leaving its limits
Today, the heliocentric model of the solar system is an indisputable truth. But this was not always the case, until the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the idea (which was also expressed by Aristarchus) that it is not the Sun that revolves around the Earth, but vice versa. It should be remembered that some still think that Galileo created the first model of the solar system. But this is a misconception; Galileo only spoke out in defense of Copernicus.
Copernicus' model of the solar system was not to everyone's taste, and many of his followers, such as the monk Giordano Bruno, were burned. But the model according to Ptolemy could not fully explain the observed celestial phenomena and the seeds of doubt in the minds of people had already been planted. For example, the geocentric model was not able to fully explain the uneven movement of celestial bodies, such as the retrograde movements of planets.
At different stages of history, there were many theories about the structure of our world. All of them were depicted in the form of drawings, diagrams, and models. However, time and the achievements of scientific and technological progress have put everything in its place. And the heliocentric mathematical model of the solar system is already an axiom.
The movement of the planets is now on the monitor screen
When immersed in astronomy as a science, it can be difficult for an unprepared person to imagine all aspects of the cosmic world order. Modeling is optimal for this. The online model of the Solar System appeared thanks to the development of computer technology.
Our planetary system has not been left without attention. Graphics specialists have developed a computer model of the Solar System with date entry, which is accessible to everyone. It is an interactive application that displays the movement of planets around the Sun. In addition, it shows how the largest satellites revolve around the planets. We can also see the zodiac constellations between Mars and Jupiter.
How to use the scheme
The movement of the planets and their satellites corresponds to their real daily and annual cycle. The model also takes into account relative angular velocities and initial conditions for the motion of space objects relative to each other. Therefore, at each moment of time their relative position corresponds to the real one.
An interactive model of the solar system allows you to navigate in time using a calendar, which is depicted as an outer circle. The arrow on it points to the current date. The speed of time can be changed by moving the slider in the upper left corner. It is also possible to enable the display of moon phases, in which the dynamics of the lunar phases will be displayed in the lower left corner.
Some assumptions
Since 2005, it has been generally accepted that there are eight planets in the solar system. This is due to the discovery of M. Brownie, who proved that Pluto is a dwarf planet. Of course, the opinions of scientists are divided: some believe that this planet should not be classified as a dwarf planet, but should be returned to its former title, while others agree with Michael. There are even opinions that have proposed increasing the number of planets to twelve. Because of these discrepancies, scientists had to create criteria by which space objects are classified as planets:
- They must make revolutions around the Sun.
- The mass of the planets in the solar system must be such that it allows the object to have gravity that maintains a spherical shape.
- The object must clear the orbital path of unnecessary bodies.
Pluto failed when assessed according to these criteria, for which it was excluded from the list of planets.
Mercury
Not far from the Sun is the first and closest planet to it - Mercury. The distance from it to the star is about 58 million kilometers. This object is considered the smallest planet in our system. Its diameter is only a little more than 4800 kilometers, and the duration of one year (by earthly standards) is eighty-seven days, with fifty-nine days being the duration of one day on Mercury. The mass of the planet in the solar system is only 0.055 of the earth's mass, i.e. 3.3011 x 10 23 kg.
Reminds me of the Moon. An interesting fact is that this planet of our system has no satellites.
If a person weighs fifty kilograms on Earth, then on Mercury his weight will be about twenty. The temperature ranges from -170 to +400 °C.
Venus
The next planet is Venus. It is one hundred and eight million kilometers away from the star. The diameter and mass of the planet in the solar system is close to our Earth, but it is still smaller. is 0.81 of the earth's, i.e. 4.886 x 10 24 kg. Here the year lasts two hundred and twenty-five days. Venus has an atmosphere, but it is filled with sulfuric acid, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
This space object is clearly visible from Earth in the evening and morning: due to its bright glow, Venus is often mistaken for a UFO.
Earth
Our home is located at a distance of one hundred and fifty million kilometers from the luminary. The mass of the solar system planet is 5.97 x 10 24 kg. Our year lasts 365 days. The heating and cooling range of the planet's surface is +60 to -90 degrees Celsius. constantly changing: the percentage of land and water fluctuates. We have a satellite - the Moon.
On Earth, the atmosphere consists of nitrogen, oxygen and other impurities. According to scientists, this is the only world where there is life.
Mars
From the Sun to Mars is almost three hundred million kilometers. This object has another name - the Red Planet. It is obtained due to the reddish tint of the surface created by iron oxide. In terms of its tilt and rotation axis, Mars strongly resembles the Earth: seasonality is also formed on this planet.
On its surface there are many deserts, volcanoes, ice caps, mountains, and valleys. The planet's atmosphere is very thin, the temperature drops to -65 degrees. The mass of the solar system planet is 6.4171 x 10 24 kg. The planet makes a complete rotation around the star in 687 Earth days: if we were Martians, our age would be half that.
According to the latest data, due to its mass and size, this planet of the solar system has become classified as an terrestrial object.
There is no oxygen in the atmosphere, but there is nitrogen, carbon and other impurities. The soil contains large amounts of iron.
Jupiter
This is a huge body located at a distance of almost eight hundred million kilometers from the Sun. The giant is 315 times larger than Earth. There are very strong winds here, the speed of which reaches six hundred kilometers per hour. There are auroras that almost never stop.
The radius and mass of the solar system planet are impressive: it weighs 1.89 x 10 27 kg, and its diameter is almost half a million kilometers (for comparison, the diameter of the Earth is only twelve thousand seven hundred kilometers).
Jupiter resembles a separate system, where the planet acts as a luminary, and dozens of objects revolve around it. This impression is created by numerous satellites (67) and moons. Interesting fact: if on Earth a person weighs about forty-five kilograms, then on Jupiter his weight will be more than a hundredweight.
Saturn
Saturn is located at a distance of almost one and a half billion kilometers from the Sun. This is a beautiful planet with an unusual ring system. Saturn has layers of gas that are concentrated around the core.
The mass of the planet is 5.66 x 10 26 kg. One revolution around the star takes almost thirty Earth years. Despite such a long year, the day here lasts only eleven hours.
Saturn has 53 satellites, although scientists managed to find nine more, but they have not yet been confirmed and do not belong to the moons of Saturn.
Uranus
At a distance of almost three billion kilometers is the beautiful giant planet Uranus. It is classified as an ice gas giant due to the composition of its atmosphere: methane, water, ammonia and hydrocarbons. A large amount of methane gives blueness.
A year on Uranus lasts eighty-four Earth years, but the day length is short, only eighteen hours.
Uranus is the fourth most massive planet in the solar system: it weighs 86.05 x 10 24 kg. It has twenty-seven satellites and a small ring system.
Neptune
Neptune is located at a distance of four and a half billion kilometers from the Sun. This is another icy gas giant. The planet has satellites and a weak ring system.
The mass of the planet is 1.02 x 10 26 kg. Neptune flies around the sun every one hundred and sixty-five years. The day here lasts only sixteen hours.
The planet has water, methane, ammonia, and helium.
Neptune has thirteen satellites and one more has not yet received the status of a moon. In the ring system, scientists identify six formations. Only one artificial satellite was able to reach this planet - Voyager 2, launched into space many years ago.
Gas ice giants are very cold, with temperatures dropping to -300 degrees or below.
Pluto
The former Pluto was able to maintain its status as a planet for a long century. However, in 2006 it was transferred to the status of Little is known about this object. Scientists cannot yet say exactly how long a year lasts here: it was discovered in 1930 and to this day it has only covered a third of its orbital path.
Pluto has satellites - five of them. The diameter of the planet is only 2,300 kilometers, but there is a lot of water here: according to scientists, it is three times more than on Earth. The surface of Pluto is completely covered with ice, among which ridges and dark small areas can be seen.
Having considered the sizes and masses, we can draw conclusions about how different they are. There are large objects, and then there are small ones that look like ants near baseballs.
Until recently, astronomers believed that the concept of a planet applied exclusively to the solar system. Everything that is beyond its boundaries are unexplored cosmic bodies, most often stars of very large scale. But, as it turned out later, the planets, like peas, are scattered throughout the Universe. They vary in their geological and chemical composition, and may or may not have an atmosphere, all depending on their interaction with the nearest star. The arrangement of planets in our solar system is unique. It is this factor that is fundamental for the conditions that have formed on each individual space object.
Our space home and its features
In the center of the solar system there is a star of the same name, which is classified as a yellow dwarf. Its magnetic field is enough to hold nine planets of varying sizes around their axis. Among them there are dwarf rocky cosmic bodies, immense gas giants that reach almost the parameters of the star itself, and “middle” class objects, which include the Earth. The arrangement of the planets of the solar system does not occur in ascending or descending order. We can say that relative to the parameters of each individual astronomical body, their location is chaotic, that is, the large alternates with the small.
SS structure
To consider the location of the planets in our system, it is necessary to take the Sun as a reference point. This star is located in the center of the SS, and it is its magnetic fields that correct the orbits and movements of all surrounding cosmic bodies. There are nine planets orbiting the Sun, as well as a ring of asteroids that lies between Mars and Jupiter, and the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond Pluto. In these gaps, individual dwarf planets are also distinguished, which are sometimes attributed to the main units of the system. Other astronomers believe that all these objects are nothing more than large asteroids, on which life cannot arise under any circumstances. They also assign Pluto itself to this category, leaving only 8 planetary units in our system.
The order of the planets
So, we will list all the planets, starting with the one closest to the Sun. In first place are Mercury, Venus, then Earth and Mars. After the Red Planet there passes a ring of asteroids, behind which begins a parade of giants consisting of gases. These are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The list is completed by dwarf and icy Pluto, with its equally cold and black satellite Charon. As we said above, there are several more dwarf space units in the system. The location of dwarf planets in this category coincides with the Kuiper belts and asteroids. Ceres is located in an asteroid ring. Makemake, Haumea and Eris are in the Kuiper Belt.
Terrestrial planets
This category includes cosmic bodies that, in their composition and parameters, have much in common with our home planet. Their depths are also filled with metals and stone, and either a full atmosphere or a haze that resembles it is formed around the surface. The location of the terrestrial planets is easy to remember, because these are the first four objects that are located directly next to the Sun - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Characteristic features are small size, as well as a long period of rotation around its axis. Also, of all the terrestrial planets, only the Earth itself and Mars have satellites.
Giants consisting of gases and hot metals
The location of the planets of the solar system, which are called gas giants, is the most distant from the main star. They are located behind the asteroid ring and stretch almost to the Kuiper belt. There are four giants in total - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each of these planets consists of hydrogen and helium, and in the core region there are metals that are hot to a liquid state. All four giants are characterized by an incredibly strong gravitational field. Due to this, they attract numerous satellites, which form almost entire asteroid systems around them. SS gas balls rotate very quickly, which is why whirlwinds and hurricanes often occur on them. But, despite all these similarities, it is worth remembering that each of the giants is unique in its composition, size, and gravitational force.
Dwarf planets
Since we have already looked in detail at the location of the planets from the Sun, we know that Pluto is the furthest away and its orbit is the most gigantic in the SS. It is he who is the most important representative of dwarfs, and only he from this group is the most studied. Dwarfs are those cosmic bodies that are too small for planets, but too large for asteroids. Their structure may be comparable to Mars or Earth, or it may simply be rocky, like any asteroid. Above we have listed the most prominent representatives of this group - these are Ceres, Eris, Makemake, Haumea. In fact, dwarfs are found not only in the two SS asteroid belts. They are often called the satellites of gas giants, which are attracted to them due to the enormous