Consonant sounds of the Russian language (hard-soft, voiced-voiceless, paired-unpaired, hissing, whistling). Consonants
In the Russian language there are four letters called hissing. These are “zh”, “sh”, “ch”, “sch”. There are a number of spelling rules that dictate the choice of letters following sibilants.
Instructions
- It would be more correct to call sounds hissing, not letters. But since letters are used to record sounds, they are also called hissing. There are four such letters in the Russian language. These are “zh”, “sh”, “ch”, “sch”.
- Sometimes the letter “ts” is also classified as sizzling. But the sound [ts] is not hissing. Although if you look at the rules of Russian spelling, the letter “ts” requires the same attention as the above.
- Remember the very first spelling rules that you learned in first grade. Yes, it is with “zhi-shi” and “cha-sha” that learning Russian literacy usually begins. In subsequent grades, during Russian language lessons, students have to learn many rules, including those relating to the spelling of words with sibilants.
- One of these rules is writing a soft sign (“b”) after hissing ones. Thus, in the names of masculine nouns ending in a hissing, the soft sign “b” is not written (“hut”, “ball”, “cloak”), but in feminine nouns it is necessarily present (“lie”, “mouse”, “ night"). Adverbs ending in hissing must have an “b” at the end, except for the words “uzh”, “married”, “unbearable”. Verbs in the second person are also written with “ь” (“read”, “wash”).
- Another rule concerns the choice of letters “o” or “e” (“е”). At the endings of nouns and adjectives, after sibilants and “ts”, “o” is written under stress, and “e” is written in an unstressed position. For example: “ivy”, but “vegetable”; “porch”, but “on the porch”, “big”, but “good”. In words such as “shepherd”, “hare”, “little book”, “o” must be written after the hissing word.
- But in verb endings and suffixes, although “o” is heard, it is written “e” (“e”): “bakes”, “uproot”.
- Always be careful when you come across the letters “zh”, “sh”, “ch”, “sch” and partly “c”. Remember those rules that talk about choosing the letters that follow the hissing letters.
1. Read it.
In the spring, the rain is crazy, it wants to wet everything, it will cry as a joke, it will deceive everyone with its tears, it will fool everyone and stop.
(I. Ehrenburg)
- What is the name of the rain? Why?
- Find words that have sibilant consonants. Make every hissing sound. Name the letter with which it is indicated on the letter.
2. Name the objects.
- Say the words-names of these objects. Listen to the sound of the hissing consonant sound in each of the words.
- Which of the hissing consonant sounds in these words are hard and which are soft?
Page for the curious Hissing
Hissing
Some sounds have been given an interesting name: hissing. Say the sounds [w], [ch"], [sch"] one after the other. What do the sounds remind you of? Maybe it’s the hissing of oil in a frying pan, the boiling of a kettle, the rustling of dry leaves underfoot, the hissing of an iron or sparkling water?
The sound [zh] was also called hissing for a reason: pronounce it first loudly, then quieter and quieter - [zh-zhzhsh-sh]. Now say the words hedgehog, really, and again you hear the sound [w] in these words.
(V. Ivanova)
3. Read it.
- How do the sounds [w] and [z] sound: hard or soft?
- Write down any tongue twister. Test yourself. Indicate the emphasis in words.
The hedgehog has hedgehogs, and the grass snake has a snake.
Funny jokes from Sasha and Mishutka.
4. Read it.
- What sounds are taught to pronounce tongue twisters? Say them.
- How do the sounds [u"] and [h"] sound: hard or soft?
- Say any tongue twister slowly at first, then faster and faster. Emphasize hissing consonant sounds with your voice.
Two puppies cheek to cheek
pinch the brush in the corner.
Four turtles
four turtles each.
5. Read it. When do they say that?
- Write down one proverb. Underline the letters in the words that represent the hissing consonant sounds.
Good work lives for two centuries.
Time for work, time for fun.
Job
Page for the curious
About the origin of the word
Word pencil came to us from the Turkic language. It consisted of two words: punishment And dash. Word punishment means "black" and dash means "stone". Word pencil in this language it was understood as “black stone”, graphite.
6. Write the word pencil. Underline the letter in it that denotes an unpaired hard hissing consonant sound.
- What object do we call a word? pencil? What is it for? What color do you think the lead that left the pencil mark was before? And now? What is it simple pencil?
Once upon a time, almost at the very end of the ABC, there were four hissing letters: H, C, W And SCH. The oldest among them was the letter Sh. She was all w rough, a little w blatant, mostly talked w that's why she loved to dress in w woolen things.
She had a sister - letter SCH- creepy sch he's a hotshot and a fashionista. She wore bracelets not only on both hands, but also on sch ankles and ankles. She has eyebrows sch with her fingers she plucked it into a thin thread, and for sch I didn't regret the blush. She often sch she was embarrassed because she had poor eyesight and was embarrassed to wear glasses. She was very cheerful and mischievous: constantly sch fuck yes sch I was tired. Letter SCH I didn’t want to look like my older sister, so I gave myself a ponytail. She loved with this ponytail sch scribble a letter Sh, and that one w gasped at her and angrily w sang, wrapped in w al:
Well, that's enough already w duck and w or else I'll make you pay w traffic!
Letter sch sch she laughed and laughed, but then she felt sorry for her sister, she sch kissed her, kissed her sch Christmas tree and sincerely wished her " sch astya."
There were also letters Sh her quirks and preferences, for example, for some reason she really didn’t like the letter Y:
What kind of letter is this? - w she fiddled with other letters. “She’s always just small, never big, with an unpleasant thick belly, and even rests on a stick!” No, I personally will never stand next to her, it’s just unpleasant for me!
But what can we do? - other letters tried to persuade her. - You never know how we treat whom, but in different words we have to stand next to each other. This is our job! That's why we
We exist to form different words. For example, in the word SHYSHKA you'll have to stand next to Y.
No way! - the letter became stubborn Sh. - Let the letter be better with me AND costs. I like her, she looks a little like me, only she has two legs, and I have three... With a letter AND I agree to stand next to you in any words!
But this is impossible! - other letters began to be indignant! - After all, in this word, and in others, for example: Shyr, Shyna, Shyfr the letter is clearly heard Y, which means she should be standing next to you.
But I don’t want that’s all! - the letter persisted Sh.
No matter how much the other letters tried to persuade her, nothing helped. Moreover, the letter AND began to support her:
I like the letter too Y I don't like it! - she said. - And I, like Sh I will stand next to only the letter AND in all words where it should be Y, For example: Life, Life, Art...
And since the letter AND stood in the first ten letters of the Alphabet and her voice was much louder than that of Sh, the two of them managed to insist on their own. Then I had to come up with a special rule for all writers:
« In all words, the syllables ZHI and SHI are written only with the letter I!”
This is how two stubborn letters achieved their goal.
And the letter SCH there was a daughter - letter C. Outwardly, she was very similar to her mother: exactly the same tail, only not three legs, but two, but her character was completely different: she considered herself ts the center of the world and very ts ennaya .
This was her mother's fault, who constantly ts talked to her and called her
little daughter "C Arevnoy." How the letter later repented of this SCH, because her grown daughter became for her ts her problem: she was disobedient, capricious and capricious.
Letter C was bright orange ts Veta, loved it very much ts vets and tan ts s. She also loved with her tail ts grab adjacent vowels.
She had ts spruce in life - to please the young and slender G. Seeing it in the next word, she simply ts ecstatic.
My C Ezar! - she whispered, and G did not pay any attention to her, and never stood next to her.
Hearing that the letters Sh And AND refused to stand next to the letter Y, the letter C stated:
I don't like the letter either Y and in words CIRC, CYLINDER, TSYNOVKA I'll just stand
with a letter AND!
Mother sch she hit her on the back of the head with her tail:
- SCH ac! First, grow up, and then make your demands! And anyway sch yeah, you can't be like that sch disgusting. Need to be sch Better yet, make friends with all the letters: you never know in which words you will have to stand next to each other!
What should I do now? ts make out with her? - was indignant C. - Here is my aunt - letter Sh- managed to insist on her own, and why am I worse than her? I might even ts luscious!..
What's special about you? - sch Mom rolled her eyes. - Thin as sch fuck! Only for you sch iptsami
work!
Do you want me to ts Was your cellulite like? - the letter snapped at his mother C, And ts Eagerly continued to insist on her point.
At the general meeting of the ABC letters, everyone had to discuss this issue and, in the end, decided to give in a little to the letter C. I had to accept a new rule:
At the beginning of a word, after the letter C, always write the letter I, except for a few words that need to be remembered, and at the end of a word, after the letter C, the letter Y is always written.
This means that if you want to be considered a literate person, you need to write CI RK, CI LINDR and CI FRA, but SHIP TSY and SMOKE TSY.
And from the words that need to be remembered, they made up a funny phrase:
"TSYgan entered TSY kidneys, said TSY film: TSYts ! »
Each letter has its own character, its own habits, its own friends... The letter SCH had a bosom friend - letter Ch. Among friends, as a rule, one is the ringleader, and the second obeys him or tries to imitate him. It was exactly the same with letters H And SCH: at H had a stronger character, so she commanded the letter SCH, who was softer, but wanted to look fashionable and
to be respected among other letters, although she was not very successful in this. A letter H and in ABC she tried to establish her own rules. She didn't like letters I And Yu, didn’t want to
in words they stood after her, and, looking at her, and the letter SCH began to demand that after her they stand only A or U. This is how the rule came about:
Syllables CHA and SHA always written with a letter A.
Syllables CHU and SHCHU always written with a letter U.
Letter H was very h sensitive, and to her n liked two at once To avalera: To handsome and To cultural To avaler letter TO And n hedgehog and n a little n terrestrial - N. Standing next to them in some word, letter H h I felt this in myself n tenderness, To mouthiness and softness that To categorically refused the soft sign softening their union.
- N“It’s so good together,” she said, “ h then anyone seeing us will feel n my softness, n tenderness and love.
Poor letter SCH always looked with envy at her close neighbor and with sch excruciating pain in
I thought in my heart that some people have two boyfriends, while others end up with random letters all their lives. She even once asked for a letter H make her sch a smart gift: give any of the two gentlemen. H h I sincerely admitted h then she can't burn h any of h good friends.
- H then for h amazing offer! - h She often exclaimed, batting her eyelashes. - H what are you offering me?!
Letter SCH understood everything sch the awkwardness of this situation, but she so wanted to press her back against n the secure back of a friend, without leaving any sch Christmas trees for other letters.
Well, please! - affectionately sch the letter was urled SCH.- Otherwise I’ll start you sch fuck off!
Well, I don’t know... - the letter hesitated Ch. - TO I To I love turnip, n about and N such n stable, n a little even n awesome... Well, if you want, stand next to him.
SCH immediately happy for sch fucked and happily pressed against n a little n the bewildered N. She
immediately announced to all the letters that she had N- love, and asks for extraneous letters, including a soft sign, n don't disturb them.
And now everyone writing had to remember that in combinations CHK, CHN, LF, SHCHN and NSCH in words such as “before chk a", "whether chn y", "bly LF ik" "kame" nsch ik", "help schn ik" although a soft sign is heard, but write it no need!
The letter didn't want anything SCH keep up with your girlfriend H, tried to imitate her in everything, therefore, having learned that the letter H often appears in the suffix - chick , letter SCH I began to ask her to sometimes replace her. Letter H I thought a little and decided:
Okay, I'll stand after the letter D, because I like him - he is kind. Then after the letter T- because he is the letter's nephew D. More after the letters Z And WITH- because you can’t tell them when one of them is in a word, because the letter Z constantly asking for failsafe WITH replace it in different words. Well, and perhaps after the letter AND, because it’s better not to mess with her... Well, in other cases, so be it, you become. After all, we are friends! I don't feel sorry for anything for you!
So all writers have to remember one more spelling rule:
in suffixes - chik - and - shchik - nouns
-h ik - written after D, T, Z, S, F:
for example: translation DC ik, re AF ik, interrupt ZhCh ik.
-sch ik - after all other consonants: kame NSCH ik, pi FLICE ik.
It turns out that the rules of grammar in Russian depend on the nature of the letters and their mood.
Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch – hissing consonant sounds.Ж, Ш – hard consonant sounds.
Ch, Shch are soft consonant sounds.
ZHI – SHI - write with the letter I.
CHA – SHA
And there are reeds on the river
Past the field, past the rye
Prickly hedgehogs walked by.
ma ka
n ran
lan ru
d and ly
shi shi
and And
PEERS
RUBBS
BABIES REEDS
HUTS
QUIET
CONES
LILY OF THE LILY
FRAGRANT
CAR
OVERCOAT
HUSBANDS
SIZHI
UZHI
LIVE
BE FRIENDS
CIRCLE
SWIFT
LIVE
SKIS
SNOWFLAKE
PREPOSITIONS- IN, ON, IN, WITH, FROM, ABOVE, UNDER, BY, TO, FROM, WITHOUT, TO, U, ABOUT, ABOUT, ABOUT, FOR.
Selective dictation.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
Selective dictation.
Write down words with the combination zhi-shi.
The lake slumbers in silence.
Reflections live in it,
The clouds are floating in the lake,
Pine forest, slightly alive,
Slumbers with his head down.
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write, correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
1. Compose and write down from words
offers.
cat, Tishka, lived, Misha.
fragrant, meadow, on, grass.
Vera, skis, y, new.
fluffy, swirling, snowflakes.
pears, babies, juicy, ate.
We are flying..., nimble stri..., prickly e..., thick kama..., colored karanda..., long y....
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Determine how many sentences are in the text. Write correctly marking the beginning and end of sentences.
Selective dictation.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
Selective dictation.
Shura was stirring up the hay. Hedgehogs live in burrows. There are empty cones under the tree. There are knives on the table. The rosehip bush is blooming.
What words are hidden here?
BAYWORO
WAKORO
COYABLO
DIYAGO
KASORO
KASOBA
KOMOLO
TAKAPUS
TALOP
She invited eight seagulls: She scrubbed the bottom with a brush,
Selective dictation.
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
How many seagulls, answer? She treated me quickly.
Selective dictation.
Write down only words with the combinations cha - sha, chu - schu.
The seagull heated the kettle, the pike lived in the lake,
She invited eight seagulls: She swept the bottom with a brush,
Come everyone for tea! I cooked cabbage soup for the guests,
LE JOY
P O D N O S
S K O V O R O D A
POT
MUG
B L Y D C E
This article is about what hissing sounds are in the alphabet. About how they are pronounced correctly, about their origin.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. We see letters, and we pronounce and hear sounds. There are 10 vowel sounds, 21 consonants, the letters b and b have no sounds. But the consonants Ж Ш Ш Ш have a hissing sound and are hissing letters. Since elementary school I remember well the rule about hissing words: “zhi-shi” write with “i”, “cha-sha” write with “a”, “chu-shu” write with “u”, it’s also useful to remember and know, but This is a topic for another question.)
The hissing sound in the Russian alphabet is made by four consonant letters: Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch. The letters “Zh” and “Ch” are voiced consonants, the other two letters “Sh” and “Shch” are voiceless. When pronouncing these letters, the lips behave in exactly the same way - they tense and stretch forward slightly. It will not be possible to pronounce these sounds with closed lips (compare, for example, with the pronunciation of the letter “M” - it can be “pronounced” with closed lips). The tip of the tongue is slightly pressed against the palate with its edges, leaving a small space in the center of the tongue. It is through this space (or gap) that air passes, which creates the hissing sound from the pronunciation of these letters. The air is exhaled. When you pronounce the sound "zhzhzhzhzh", the vocal cords are activated, so this sound is louder.
Pinching consonants are the consonants [sh], [zh|, [""], as well as [sh"] [zh"], so called according to the acoustic impression they produce. In the old Russian language Sh. s. [sh" ], [zh"], [V] were originally soft: they arose as a result of the first palatalization (see) or as a result of a change in combinations of consonants with /: "chj, "sj>$", *gj, "zj, "dj >z\ "kj", "tj>c" . The primordial softness of \w"], [zh"], [h"\ determined that in written monuments the letters denoting these consonants were used with the subsequent vowels ь, и, as well as l(ed) and yu: mouse, husband , sLch; nesshi, run, clean; not gone, hour; write, kozhukh, comfort. At the same time, the letters w, w, h could be used with subsequent a and y (but not s), and this indicated that that the consonants [i/"], [zh"], [h"] did not have a solid pair and there was no need to differentiate the spelling of vowels after them.
Learning letters
In the history of Russian of the tongue [шг] and [ж"] underwent hardening, and [ch"\ was preserved as a soft consonant; hardening Sh. dates back to the 14th century: during this period, the spellings sh and z followed by the letter s appeared in monuments: live, de-rzhyt, Shyshkin (Spiritual Letter of Dmitry Donskoy, 1389). Modern spelling retains the traditional spelling of the letters i and ъ (at the end
nouns gender and certain forms of verbs) after w and f: sew, fat, mouse, rye, carry, don’t disturb.
Modern long Sh. s. [YAG] and [zh"] arose from
Ancient Russian combinations [sh"t"sh"], [zh"d"zh"] (going back to the combinations, respectively, "stj, "skj, *sk and "zdj, *zgj. "zg) as a result of the loss of the explosive element in these combinations in words such as looking for - [ish"t"sh"u]> >[ish"u], bream - [l"ssh"t"sh"v]>[l"esh"a], yeast - [dr6zh "d"zh"i\>\dr6zh"i], rain -
\d6zh"d"zh"ik]>[d6zh"ik]. They remain soft in many Russians. dialects and in Old Moscow. pronunciation, which formed the basis of the oral form of Lit. language (see Moscow pronunciation); in other dialects they were hardened, and
sometimes saved in the form [shch"), [zhdzh"] or [sht"], [zhd"]. In modern rus. lit. language there is a tendency to pronounce the hard [zh\: ezhu], [vbzhy], [v "iZhat"] or the combination [zhd"]