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6th grade. Literature
Topic: Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”. Spiritual world
peasant children
Lesson objectives:
educational : reveal imagespeasant boys; show the richness of their spiritual world, Turgenev’s skill in creating portrait and comparative characteristics of heroes;
developing: development of students’ monologue speech, expressive reading, and skills in characterizing literary characters; developing the ability to analyze text and extract moral values from a work;
educational : cultivate a love of reading fiction.
Tasks: consolidate the skills of working on a portrait description of a literary hero; show how the author relates to his characters; find out how the stories told by the boys characterize them; develop attention, ability to analyze, draw conclusions; cultivate attention to the surrounding world.
Lesson equipment : presentation for the lessonMicrosoftPowerPoint, tables for group work, portraits of boys for structureCorners, portraits of boys on each table, diagnostic card of the group.
Forms of work : group, pair, individual.
Lesson type : combined
…If Pushkin had complete
reason to say about himself that he awakened
"good feelings", same thing
and with the same justice
Turgenev could also say about himself.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment.
2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.(Slides 2,3)
Teacher reads a poemFROM. Surikov "In the night".
Summer evening. Behind the forests
The sun has already set;
At the edge of the distant sky
Zorka turned red;
But that too went out. Stomp
It is heard in the field.
That's a herd of horses at night
It rushes through the meadows.
Grabbing the horses by the mane,
Children are jumping in the field.
That's joy and fun,
That's the way for the children!
Through the tall horse grass
They wander in the open space;
The children gathered in a group
The conversation starts...
And children come to mind
Grandmother's tales:
There's a witch rushing with a broom
For night dances;
There's a goblin rushing over the forest
With a shaggy head,
And across the sky, showering sparks,
The winged serpent flies;
And some are all in white
Shadows walk in the field...
Children are afraid - and children
The fire is lit.
3.Work in groups.
Discuss:
1 . How is this poem related to the topic of our lesson? (In Turgenev's story we meet the village boys who went out into the night).
2.What does it mean to “go out at night”?( Horse grazing at night )
3.Hwhat does night mean for boys?(freedom, independence)
4. How does the hero - the narrator - feel about the guys he accidentally met in the night steppe? How do we know about this? (The author and hero-narrator conveys his attitude through description.)
4.The teacher’s word (slide 4). Turgenev’s hunting trails ran through the Oryol, Tula, Kursk and Kaluga provinces. He was a passionate "gun hunter."Wandering with a gun over his shoulders, the writer studied the heart of Russia - its people. In his “Notes of a Hunter” there are meetings with men, women, and peasant children.
( Slide 5) The places mentioned in the story actually exist. Bezhin Meadow is located 13 km from Spassky-Lutovinov. There are also Parakhinsky bushes, the village of Varnavitsy, the village of Shalamovo, etc.
(Slide 6) The narration in the story “Bezhin Meadow” is told from the perspective of the author, who is also a character - a hunter who lost his way and got lost on a July night. The narrator absorbs a child's view of the world, and thanks to this, he declares with greater spontaneity one of the main themes of the story - nature and the hero in their harmonious unity.
Folk beliefs and legends Rural beliefs (Slide 10)
Brownie, mermaid.
Rip-grass is a magical herb that can be used to open any locks or constipation.
Parents' Saturday is one of the Saturdays, which, according to the old Russian custom, was dedicated to the commemoration of deceased relatives.
Heavenly prediction - solar eclipse
The righteous soul flies to heaven.
Vocabulary work (Slide 11)
Armyachok - peasant outerwear made of thick cloth
Bayal - spoke
Herd owners and herd drivers
Herd - a herd that is driven for sale
A fancy shirt - a shirt made of canvas
Onuchi - foot wraps, foot wraps for boots or bast shoes
Dictionary of dialect words (Slides 12,13):
-maybe,
-will conceive
-otkenteleva,
-where,
-between,
- pay.
5. Working with text (Slide14) Find in the text
These were just peasant children from neighboring villages who guarded the herd...
I told the boys that I was lost and sat down with them...
The picture was wonderful: near the lights, a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness...
The dark, clear sky stood solemnly and high above us with all its mysterious splendor...
5.Individual work . Partial test of text knowledge at the first stage of the lesson(Annex 1 ).
Questions for students:
What do you see?(text)
What kind of text is this?(Description, portrait)
What is a portrait?(image of the hero’s appearance (his face, figure, clothes) in the work) (Slides 16-18)
What can you learn from a portrait?
Can we tell about a person’s inner qualities from a portrait?
Exercise:(Appendix2) fill out the tablesand prepare a coherent story about the hero that is more interesting to you.
6.Group performances.
7.Secure the material.
Teacher Questions:
1) Why did the peasant children end up on Bezhin Meadow at night?
2) Which boy is the richest? How do you know about this??(Fedya. By clothes)
3) How old were the children? ( Fedya is about 14 years old, Pavlusha and Ilyusha look no more than 12 years old, Kostya is 10, Vanya is 7.)
4) What did the boys cook?(Potatoes)
8. Completing the task in a circle (tasks in a fan, everyone answers one question, pronouncing the answer to the neighbor on the shoulder) Discussion in groups.
1.What do the boys talk about around the fire? (They talk about brownies, goblins, about the dead and drowned people who come to life at night, about Trishka the Antichrist, about the merman, about the mermaid, about the voice, about the drowned Vasya)
2.What beliefs exist among the guys? (About the fact that you can see someone who will die next year, a righteous soul may be in doves, a solar eclipse is a harbinger of the Antichrist, white wolves will run, people will be eaten)
3.Which of the boys is the bravest? Why do you think so? (Pavel. He is not afraid to jump on a wolf, at night, without a twig in his hand, completely alone. It is Pavlusha who owns the funniest stories in this story. He goes for water, despite the stories about drowned people)
4.Why do guys tell each other scary stories? (The boys’ conversations reflect superstitions and fear of them: boys believe in something that does not exist in the world, but that is instilled in them by the ignorance and superstition of adults)
Let's thank each other! Well done, you did a good job!
Let's summarize the lesson. Each portrait contains a mystery. We feel that Turgenevas if calling us to peer and think, not stopping at the first impression. The author has sympathy for children. In Turgenev's portrayal, these are gifted, capable children. Each of them has its own special character.
What are they?
(Fedya is full of self-esteem, which is expressed in the fact that he tries to listen more than speak: he is afraid that he might say something stupid.
Pavlusha is businesslike and caring: he cooks potatoes, goes to fetch water. He is the bravest and most courageous of the boys: alone, without a twig, he galloped towards the wolf, while all the other boys were terribly frightened. By nature he is endowed with common sense.
Ilyusha is inquisitive, inquisitive, but his mind and curiosity are directed only towards the terrible and mysterious. It seems to him that all life is surrounded only by spirits hostile to man.
Kostya is compassionate by nature: he sympathizes with all people who, in his opinion, have suffered from evil spirits.
Vanya, about whom almost nothing is said in the story, deeply loves nature. During the day he likes flowers, at night he likes stars. It was he, in a sincere outburst of his childish spontaneity, who diverted the boys’ attention from talking about the terrible to the beautiful stars.)
- Are children interesting to the hunter? ( Despite the difference in age, education, upbringing, social status, children are interesting to Turgenev. He forgets about fatigue and listens carefully to all these stories. The hunter did not fall asleep by the fire, but watched the guys with undisguised curiosity. In his story, he expressed a feeling of deep sincere sympathy for peasant children).
- How did you imagine the world of peasant children in the 19th century? What is it filled with? How did they live? ( Slide 20)On the one hand, independent from the cradle, they have absorbed everything Russian: attitude to nature, beliefs, signs, lively mind. On the other hand, hard work, lack of opportunity to study. All these children tend to : T R pleasure , courage, curiosity , love of nature, strength, endurance , there is no imitation of a foreign one. Work is a great joy for them, the holiday “Bringing in the herd at dawn” )
- Can we tell about a person’s inner qualities from a portrait?
- Is it possible to recognize and reveal the image of a hero from speech? (The children's stories are colorful, bright, testify to the richness of their imagination, their ability to convey their impressions, but at the same time, to a greater extent, they speak about something else: about the darkness of children, about the fact that children are captive of the wildest superstitions.)
Here is another side of the world of childhood as depicted by Turgenev.
Homework. 1. What are the speech characteristics of the characters? (Work according to the text)
2. Writeminiature essay “Characteristics of a literary hero” .( Appendix 3 )
Annex 1
Lyrics
1. He was a slender boy of fourteen years old, with beautiful and thin, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile .
(Fedya)
2. He has disheveled black hair, gray eyes, wide cheekbones, a pale, pockmarked face, a large but regular mouth; the whole head is huge, as they say, the size of a beer cauldron; the body is squat, awkward.
(Pavlusha)
3His face was rather insignificant: hook-nosed, elongated, slightly blind, his compressed lips did not move, his knitted eyebrows did not diverge. His yellow, almost white hair stuck out in sharp braids from under his low felt cap. .
(Ilyusha)
4. This is a boy of about ten... His whole face was small, thin, freckled, pointed downward, like a squirrel’s; lips could hardly be distinguished; but his large, black eyes, shining with a liquid brilliance, made a strange impression.
(Kostya)
Appendix 2
Character
Age
Family, status
Cloth
Why did I end up at night?
Character
Main features
Where and in what ways did they manifest themselves?
Impression
Appendix 3
Characteristics plan
1. Portrait of a boy.
2. His role among his comrades.
3. The story told by the hero.
4. The boy's behavior.
5. Character of the hero.
In the collection of stories “Notes of a Hunter,” the story is told on behalf of a hunter who meets different people on his campaigns. One beautiful July day, he got lost while hunting and unexpectedly came to the Bezhin meadow. Here he saw children guarding a herd of horses. “To drive out the herd before the evening and bring in the herd at dawn is a great holiday for peasant boys.” The hunter stayed overnight near the guys and involuntarily watched them.
There were all five boys. From their conversations, the author learned the names of the children. The eldest's name was Fedya, he was about fourteen years old. He was a beautiful boy. By all accounts, he belonged to a wealthy family and “went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He was dressed in good clothes. Pavlusha “was unprepossessing,” but it was this boy who attracted the narrator’s attention: “he looked very smart and straight, and there was strength in his voice.” The third boy's name was Ilyusha. The author notes in his insignificant face “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Kostya aroused the narrator’s curiosity “with his thoughtful and sad gaze,” his black eyes seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language. Vanya was lying on the ground under the matting, so it was difficult to notice him right away. He only occasionally stuck out his brown curly head from under the matting. Pavlusha and Ilyusha looked no more than twelve years old, Kostya was about ten years old, and Vanya was only seven. All the children, with the exception of Fedya, were poorly dressed.
The boys sat around the fire, on which “potatoes” were boiled in a pot, and talked leisurely. Above them stood the dark, starry sky “with all its mysterious splendor.” The night was filled with subtle rustles and unclear sounds. The guys talked about brownies, mermaids, ghosts. The stories they told were as mysterious and poetic as the July night itself that surrounded them. Ilyusha, Pavlusha, and Kostya spoke most of all. Fedya “spoke little, as if afraid to lose his dignity,” he only pushed the other boys to tell the story. Vanya didn’t say a word the whole night. There was a friendly relationship between the boys; it was clear that this was not the first time they had traveled together at night. Their stories testify to a fabulous perception of the world around them, but at the same time they also speak about the lack of education of children. It's unlikely they went to school.
Turgenev spoke with great warmth about peasant children. For each boy, the author found special words with which he created unique images.
The story “Bezhin Meadow” ends with a symbolic description of the awakening day, when the night chimeras scattered in the streams of the rays of the rising sun and a rested herd rushed across the steppe, “chased by familiar boys.” This is how the writer expressed his belief that the Russian people will come to a bright life.
Composition
(1 option)
In the middle of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev creates his famous collections of hunting stories, Notes of a Hunter. At the center of the collection is the fate of the Russian peasantry, which so worried the progressive intelligentsia of that time. Ivan Sergeevich also took a fresh look at the life of a simple Russian peasant. In the story “Bezhin Meadow” the peasant world is shown with all its simplicity, spirituality, and spiritual beauty.
The very action of the story is reliably accurately indicated by the writer: Bezhin Meadow was located just a few kilometers from Spassky-Lutovinov, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s own estate. The main characters of the story are peasant boys from neighboring villages who guard the herd. Their life is given through the perception of the narrator - a hunter who accidentally got lost one July day. A picture of the life of peasant children on a summer evening unfolds before the reader. The boys are talking quietly around the fire. Listening to the boys' stories, observing their clothes, behavior, and actions, the narrator gets a general idea of peasant life. The guys are dressed simply: patched pants, bast shoes and onuchi, canvas shirts. Only one boy, Fedya, who looks older, according to the author, “belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.”
Peasant children tell each other scary stories. And through their attitude to what they heard, the author reveals all the charm of their world. For example, the boy Ilyusha describes a brownie who lives in an old roller at a factory and scares the workers. Kostya talks about Gavrila, a suburban carpenter, who once met a forest mermaid and has been “walking around sadly” ever since. Pavlusha speaks of a “heavenly foresight” that frightened everyone, even the master. The guys believe in evil spirits, evil spirits, witches and sorcerers. And in this faith of theirs one can trace the desire of people for mystery, unknown things, inexplicable phenomena. Belief in miracles, ghosts, good and evil spirits has been preserved among people since ancient times. Therefore, in the stories the boys tell there are many folklore images: brownies, mermaids, evil spirits. The power of rural beliefs is enormous. The boys talk about people who did not die their own deaths; these stories both fascinate and frighten children.
The life of peasant children is devoid of prosperity and material well-being. But it is filled with real spiritual beauty, spiritualized. At the end of the story there is an indication from the author of Pavel’s death in the same year: “he killed himself by falling from a horse.” This fact forces the reader to take a closer look at peasant life.
(Option 2)
The peasant world in the story “Bezhin Meadow” is the world through the eyes of children. One of the guys is older and richer, he can give gifts, he, “as the son of a rich peasant, had to be the lead singer” in the conversation (“he himself spoke little, as if afraid of losing his dignity”). Other guys are easier. They have a serious, nocturnal conversation: about goblin, mermaids, brownies, a solar eclipse, appropriate to the situation. Twelve-year-old Ilyusha is already a factory worker, working as a fox worker, but, of course, that’s not what he’s talking about, it’s not interesting. But from the story about the coughing brownie, it turns out that they spent the night at the factory because there was a lot of work and the overseer did not let the guys go home, that the guy already knows what a role, a shift, a palace, a uniform are. It’s not this that scares, however, but the steps of the brownie. Ten-year-old Kostya knows exactly why the suburban carpenter Gavrila is always sad. And he didn’t come up with it himself, but his father told others about the mermaid and Gavril.
In the children's stories there are two closely intertwined worlds: the world of brownies, mermaids, drowned people, dead people, Trishki and the world of the factory overseer Nazarov, the suburban carpenter Gavrila, the huntsman Ermila, grandfather Trofimych, woman Ulyana, the bar, old and young, who have lived little and are afraid of solar eclipses, elder, cooper of Vavila. There is a lot in their stories that is scary, funny, and also sad: the stories of Akulina, who went crazy, throwing herself into the river because her lover abandoned her, and Theoklista, who could not save her drowned son, are quite real, although here, according to the guys, there is no there was no mysticism. An interesting image is of Pavel, an independent peasant who is not afraid of wolves, who laughs at the stupidity of his fellow villagers, who knows how to tame dogs, cook potatoes, and calm down boys who have frightened themselves with fables and stories. Some of the children have parents, some have brothers and sisters. Ilyusha knows all the rural beliefs better than others, and seven-year-old Vanya knows how not only to admire nature himself, but also to draw the attention of older people to its beauty: “Look, look, guys,” Vanya’s childish voice suddenly rang out, “look at God’s stars - like bees are swarming! ...The eyes of all the boys rose to the sky and did not fall soon.”
The world of reality and the world of superstition coexist in the minds and souls of not only children, but also adults, whom they copy and whose habits they adopt. The source of inspiration for adults and children is Russian nature.
Other works on this work
Landscape in the story by I. S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow” Characteristics of the main characters of I. S. Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow” Man and nature in I. S. Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow”Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century who received worldwide recognition and the love of readers during his lifetime. In his works, he poetically described pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is a complex world of human psychology. With the story “Bezhin Meadow,” the image of the child’s world and child psychology was first introduced into Russian literature. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.
History of creation
Peasant children are depicted by the writer with tenderness and love; he notes their rich spiritual world, ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer awakened in readers love and respect for peasant children, and made them think about their future destinies. The story itself is part of a large cycle under the general title “Notes of a Hunter.” The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants were brought onto the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev’s contemporaries considered that a new class had emerged that was worthy of literary description.
In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met the famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create “Notes of a Hunter.” In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent the summer in the village, devoting all his free time to hunting and communicating with peasants and their children. Plans for creating the work were first announced in August September 1850. Then, notes containing plans for writing the story appeared on the draft manuscript. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
Analysis of the work
Plot
The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, walking towards the fire of a burning fire, came out into a huge meadow, which the locals called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Having asked them for an overnight stay, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.
In the further narrative, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fyodor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev was always partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard lives, but they adhere to high moral principles and are very demanding of themselves and others.
Heroes and characteristics
With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. This is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices a strong character in his voice and look. His appearance speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted with monitoring the stew in the pot. He speaks knowledgeably about a fish splashing in the water and a star falling from the sky.
It is clear from his actions and speech that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy evokes the greatest sympathy not only from the author, but also from the reader. With one twig, unafraid, at night he galloped alone towards the wolf. Pavlusha knows all the animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid of acceptance. When he says that it seemed to him that the merman was calling him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from a horse.
Next comes Fedya, a boy of fourteen “with beautiful and delicate, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile. He belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, according to the right of his elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if afraid of losing his dignity.
The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, elongated, hook-nosed face had a constant expression of dull, painful solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were knitted, as if he was constantly squinting from the fire. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, “a rope carefully tied his neat black scroll.” He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper factory. We can conclude that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew well all the popular beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.
Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small, freckled face was pointed, like a squirrel’s, and his huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin and short in stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is drawn to his sad, thoughtful look. He is a slightly cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, he goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen to scary stories.
The most inconspicuous boy of all five is ten-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, “quietly huddled under the angular matting, and only occasionally exposed his light brown curly head from under it.” He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him a portrait description. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares to bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.
All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From early childhood, they already know what work is and independently learn about the world around them. This is facilitated by working at home and in the field, and during night trips. That is why Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.
The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is deeply modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that we must protect it and live in unity with it, as a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. Raise our children on work and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.
The author of the story “Bezhin Meadow” is an amazingly observant person. Having spent several hours with the peasant children, without even participating in their nightly conversation, but only observing the children from the side, he was able to accurately notice and guess the distinctive features of each, both external and internal.
The eldest of the boys, Fedya, handsome in appearance, was most likely from a wealthy family. Feeling his superiority, Fedya says little, “as if afraid of losing his dignity.”
On Kostya’s thoughtful face, huge eyes stood out, which “seemed to want to express something, for which there were no words in the language.”
Ilyusha’s hook-nosed face expressed “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Both he and Kostya seem cowardly. It’s not for nothing that they know ghost stories more than other boys, believe in the existence of evil spirits and are afraid of them.
The youngest among the children, Vanya, looks no more than six years old. Vanya is very kind. He refuses the gift offered by another boy in favor of his older, dearly beloved sister.
The fifth of the boys is Pavlusha. Outwardly, he is an ugly boy with a huge head and a pockmarked face and is clearly from a poor family. But what a smart guy he seemed to the author, and what a daredevil! Pavlusha watches the pot in which the potatoes are being cooked, and encourages his friends when they, having heard an incomprehensible rustling, fall silent in fear, and rushes to the horses, who, sensing something, begin to worry, and one goes to the river for water. Pavel can explain any sound that frightens his comrades. And even his story, unlike others, ends with laughter and the revelation of evil spirits - the peasants mistake the local cooper Vavil for Trishka. The author sympathizes with his hero, admires him and is very sorry, talking about the boy’s imminent death. And we so want to have such an intelligent, fearless, reliable comrade as the peasant boy Pavlusha was!
Essay on the topic: PEASANT CHILDREN IN I. S. TURGENEV’S STORY “BEZHIN MEADOW”
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