Mixed and deciduous forests presentation. Presentation on the topic: Mixed and broad-leaved forests
Characteristics Mixed forests are located on the territory of the East European Plain and in the Far East. Mixed forests are located on the territory of the East European Plain and in the Far East. A characteristic feature of mixed forests is a more or less developed grass cover. A characteristic feature of mixed forests is a more or less developed grass cover. Soils: gray forest and soddy-podzolic; in the Ussuri taiga - brown forest ones. Soils: gray forest and soddy-podzolic; in the Ussuri taiga - brown forest ones.
Characteristics The climate is milder than in the taiga, winters have thaws, and summers are warm and long. The climate is milder than in the taiga, winters have thaws, and summers are warm and long. The average temperature in July is up to 21 °C, in January up to 12 °C in the European part and up to 28 °C in the Far East. The average temperature in July is up to 21 °C, in January up to 12 °C in the European part and up to 28 °C in the Far East. Annual amount of atmospheric precipitation up to mm. Humidity coefficient - 1. The rivers are full of water. Annual amount of atmospheric precipitation up to mm. Humidity coefficient - 1. The rivers are full of water.
Characteristics Human activities: wood cutting (oak, pine, agriculture); picking berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants. Human activities: wood cutting (oak, pine, agriculture); picking berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants. All organisms in the forest are interconnected by complexly intertwined food chains. All organisms in the forest are interconnected by complexly intertwined food chains. The Volga and Dnieper flow through the territory of mixed forests. The Volga and Dnieper flow through the territory of mixed forests.
Acknowledgments The information and pictures for the presentation were blatantly “copied and pasted” from presentations found on the Internet, and, in fact, from the Internet itself, for which many thanks to him, the search engines and the authors who recognized their photographs/records! The information and pictures for the presentation were blatantly “copied and pasted” from presentations found on the Internet, and, in fact, from the Internet itself, for which many thanks to him, the search engines and the authors who recognized their photographs/records!
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Presentation on the topic: Mixed and broad-leaved forests
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The zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests stretches from the western borders of Russia to the Ural Mountains, in a thin strip to the source of the Ob River. The zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests stretches from the western borders of Russia to the Ural Mountains, in a thin strip to the source of the Ob River.
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Mixed forests are characterized by warm summers and relatively cold and long winters. This is one of the most common climatic zones in Russia. Mixed forests are characterized by warm summers and relatively cold and long winters. This is one of the most common climatic zones in Russia. Summer is long and warm (at least four months have an average monthly temperature above 10°C). This is what favors the growth of broad-leaved trees. The average temperature in July is 18-20°C. However, the climate is quite humid. The annual precipitation is at least 600-800 mm. The maximum precipitation occurs during the warm period, the moisture balance is close to neutral. The surface flow is greater than in the taiga, the river network is well developed, and the rivers are high in water. The swampiness is much less than in the taiga zone. Lowland and transitional swamps predominate.
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Forests differ from European ones in the species composition of tree and shrub species. The main forest-forming coniferous species are Korean cedar, whole-leaved fir, Sayan spruce and a number of larches; of broad-leaved trees - Mongolian oak, Amur linden, velvet tree, etc. Forests differ from European ones in the species composition of tree and shrub species. The main forest-forming coniferous species are Korean cedar, whole-leaved fir, Sayan spruce and a number of larches; of broad-leaved trees - Mongolian oak, Amur linden, velvet tree, etc. The forests are formed by oak, maple, linden, ash, hazel, etc. In place of coniferous-broad-leaved forests, birch, aspen and shrubs are common.
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The soils under mixed and broad-leaved forests are gray forest and brown forest. They contain more humus than the podzolic soils of the taiga. The soils under mixed and broad-leaved forests are gray forest and brown forest. They contain more humus than the podzolic soils of the taiga.
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Complex plant communities contribute to the formation of a diverse animal world. The bison, elk, wild boar, wolf, pine marten, dormouse, an ancient and rare species of this zone, the muskrat, etc. live here; of birds - oriole, grosbeak, green and middle woodpeckers. Complex plant communities contribute to the formation of a diverse animal world. The bison, elk, wild boar, wolf, pine marten, dormouse, an ancient and rare species of this zone, the muskrat, etc. live here; of birds - oriole, grosbeak, green and middle woodpeckers.
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Wood and game reserves are concentrated in forest zones, the subsoil is rich in various minerals, and mighty rivers have colossal reserves of hydropower. Wood and game reserves are concentrated in forest zones, the subsoil is rich in various minerals, and mighty rivers have colossal reserves of hydropower. The zones have long been developed by humans, especially on the Russian Plain, where a significant part of the territory is developed for agriculture and cattle breeding. The main forage base for livestock farming is floodplain and dry meadows. Large cities and numerous settlements have been built, railways and highways, oil and gas pipelines have been laid, reservoirs have been built, so many natural complexes of forest zones have been greatly altered by humans, sometimes turned into natural-anthropogenic ones. To preserve typical taiga and coniferous-deciduous forest complexes, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries and national parks have been created in Russia.
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In our time, the fauna of deciduous forests has undergone great changes under the influence of human activity. Many animals have changed the limits of their distribution in this zone, expanding them or, conversely, reducing them. The number of some animals has decreased, some of them have almost disappeared, others, on the contrary, have become more numerous. Our country is currently working to restore and protect natural resources. This also applies to the deciduous forest zone, in particular its fauna. In our time, the fauna of deciduous forests has undergone great changes under the influence of human activity. Many animals have changed the limits of their distribution in this zone, expanding them or, conversely, reducing them. The number of some animals has decreased, some of them have almost disappeared, others, on the contrary, have become more numerous. Our country is currently working to restore and protect natural resources. This also applies to the deciduous forest zone, in particular its fauna.
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Mixed and deciduous forests The work was completed by Elizaveta Kuvakina, an 8th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 3
Geographical location The zone of mixed and deciduous forests is located in the western part of the East European Plain between the taiga and forest-steppe and extends from the west to the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. The territory of the zone is open to the Atlantic Ocean and its impact on the climate is decisive.
Climate Mixed and deciduous forests are characterized by warmer, longer summers than in the taiga and cold, long winters. The average January temperature varies from -4C in the west to -16C in the east of the Russian Plain. In the Far East, the January temperature is -20...-24C. There is no deep snow cover. The annual precipitation reaches 500-800mm.
Soil In mixed forests of the temperate zone, podzolic soils acquire humus soil horizons. First of all, this is explained by the fact that many herbaceous plants grow here, the remains of which are mixed by soil-dwelling animals (worms, moles, etc.) with soil minerals. Such soils with a humus horizon, a horizon of leaching of iron and clay particles, as well as a brown horizon of leaching are called soddy-podzolic. In the subzone of mixed forests, there are also waterlogged soils of swampy meadows with humus and gley soil horizons - these are called sod-gley soils. These soil types are very widespread, especially in the European part of Russia.
The soil of broad-leaved and mixed forests is fertile, so many different types of shrubs grow here, which mainly make up the 3rd tier of forests.
Flora The Far Eastern mixed and broad-leaved forests are very unique. The vegetation of the zone has been greatly modified by human activity. Forests now occupy less than 30% of the zone's area. They contain a significant proportion of secondary, small-leaved forests. The zone of mixed and deciduous forests is characterized by large reserves of heat and sufficient moisture.
Fauna In mixed and deciduous forests there is a lot of shelter, varied and quite plentiful food. This allows animals to remain in the forests all year round. There are significantly fewer migratory birds here than in the tundra. Forests are characterized by a tiered distribution of animals. Animals common here are: squirrel, pine marten, polecat, brown bear, foxes, elk, bats, woodpeckers, owls.
During winter, some animals hibernate. Many burrows are filled with food collected over the summer, but sometimes animals also have enough subcutaneous fat accumulated during the warm season, which allows them to survive the long winter. Other animals look for food in dense thickets.
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The zone of mixed (coniferous-deciduous) forests does not have a continuous distribution in Eurasia. One part of it, south of the taiga zone, wedges into the territory of Russia from the west, and the other is represented by small areas in the south of the Far East. This natural zone belongs to the temperate climate zone.
In the west of the Russian Plain the climate is relatively mild and humid. The soils are predominantly soddy-podzolic. The relief of the Russian Plain is moraine-hilly and varied, which determines the variety of conditions for vegetation. The territory of this natural zone has long been developed and is quite densely populated. Large areas are occupied by fields, summer cottages, and cities. A significant part of the forests has been cut down, which is why the composition of the forest in many places has changed, and the proportion of small-leaved trees in it has increased.
Map
Zone mixed forests
- Mixed forests are formed by coniferous and deciduous trees. They are distinguished not only by a wide variety of plants and animals, but also by their resistance to impacts on the natural environment. Among mixed forests of different composition, coniferous-small-leaved forests are intermediate forests in the process of coniferous forest formation, and the most stable are coniferous-deciduous forests. The layering is clearly visible in them, that is, the change in the composition of vegetation along the height. There is often only one tree layer, but sometimes the topmost layer is occupied by tall pines, and the second tree layer is represented by oaks and lindens.
Linden
Pine
- Below is a shrub layer formed by raspberries, viburnum, rose hips, and hawthorn. Underneath it are grass-shrub and moss-lichen layers. Mixed forests to the south gradually turn into broad-leaved ones. The most common trees of deciduous forests can be seen in Moscow on the streets and in parks. These are oaks, lindens, elms, maples. Trees with small and soft leaves - birch, aspen, alder - form thickets called small-leaved forest.
- This is interesting: Champions of the Forest
- 1. The most durable tree is larch, living for 900 years. 2. The tallest tree is cedar. 3. The most common tree is pine. 4. The most beautiful New Year tree is the Christmas tree. 5. The most common deciduous “pioneer tree” is birch. 6. The most frost-resistant, shy, talkative tree is aspen. 7. The most flexible tree, the forest ballerina, is the mountain ash.
Mixed forests. Animal world.
- The fauna of mixed and deciduous forests is also rich and diverse. Foxes, hares and wild boars are found even in developed and populated forests near Moscow, and moose sometimes go out onto roads and on the outskirts of villages. There are a lot of squirrels not only in the forests, but also in the parks of Moscow. Along the banks of rivers in quiet places, away from populated areas, you can find tree trunks and stumps processed by beavers.
woodpecker
bullfinch
pigeons
tits
Mixed forests. Animals. Birds.
sparrows
swan
black grouse
ducks
Squirrel
Bear
Lynx
Wolf
Boars
Mixed forests. Animals. Animals.
Raccoon
Fox
Elk
Hare
Bison
Roe
Mixed forests. Resources used:
1. ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_sylvestris
2. www.artgarden.ru/Pinus_silvestris.html
3. www.floranimal.ru/pages/animal/d/1994.html
4. www.ecosystema.ru/08nature/birds/108.php
5. "Forest Commissioners". M., ed. Lenin Universities, 1962
6. www.rcio.rsu.ru/webp/class4/potok93/web_melenteva/
8. nature.ok.ru/rg_les.htm
Mixed forests are located on the territory of the East European Plain and in the Far East. Mixed forests are located on the territory of the East European Plain and in the Far East. A characteristic feature of mixed forests is a more or less developed grass cover. A characteristic feature of mixed forests is a more or less developed grass cover. Soils: gray, forest; in the Ussuri taiga - brown forest ones. Soils: gray, forest; in the Ussuri taiga - brown forest ones. Characteristic.
Inhabitants. European moose. It is not for nothing that the European moose is called a forest giant. It is one of the largest animals living in the mixed deciduous forest zone. Its average weight reaches three hundred kilograms. The male's head is decorated with huge horns. The fur of this animal is usually gray or black-brown.
Hedgehog. Hedgehogs are animals that live in mixed forests. This small animal has very poor eyesight, but has excellent hearing and sense of smell. In case of danger, the hedgehog curls up, taking the shape of a ball. And then none of the predators can cope with it (this animal has approximately 5000 spines, the length of which is 2 cm).
Fox. The fox is a very cautious predator. The body length of this animal reaches a meter and the famous fox tail is almost the same size. The fur of this animal most often has a red color, the chest and abdomen are light gray, but the tip of the tail is always white. These animals prefer mixed forests, which alternate with clearings, ponds and meadows. The fox can be seen both on the outskirts of villages and in groves among meadows.
Lynx. Lynx is another representative of predators living in mixed forests. Lynx hunts from ambush. She can track prey for quite a long time, hiding among the branches of trees or dense bushes. This predator has long, powerful paws that help the lynx jump over fairly long distances.