Shuisky district. Shuya, district town of Vladimir province
Shuisky district of Zamoskovsky Krai
.In the first half. In the 16th century, the lands of the Suzdal and Starodub principalities were grouped into counties. From the territory of these principalities, in addition to Suzdal, also Kineshma, Lukhsky, Shuisky, Yuryevetsky, Balakhninsky and Nizhny Novgorod districts were formed.
Shuisky district(according to scribe and census books of the 17th century):
1. Borisoglebskaya volost. Part of the county along the right bank of the Teza River. The name comes from Borisoglebskaya Sloboda, the original name of the city of Shuya.
2. Teleshovskaya volost. Part of the county on the left bank of the Teza. The name comes from the village of Teleshova on the Teza River (the current Ilyinsky churchyard).
Shuisky district of Vladimir province
The Vladimir province was formed by the personal Decree of Catherine II on March 2, 1778.
By decree of Catherine II of September 1, 1778, the province was transformed into a governorship, which lasted until 1796.
Shuisky district was formed in 1778 as part of the Vladimir governorship.
On December 12, 1796, Emperor Paul the First adopted the Decree “On the new division of the state into provinces.” The list of listed provinces also includes the Vladimir province (1796-1929). Since 1796, Shuisky district has been part of.
Shuisky district on the map of Vladimir province
The district was located in the north of the Vladimir province. It bordered with in the south, with in the west, with in the east, as well as with the Kostroma province in the north and the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl province in the north-west.
It occupied an area of 2919.2 km² (2565.2 square versts, or 267,191 tithes, according to Strelbitsky). In 1926, after administrative-territorial transformations, the area of the county was 4605 km².
Shuisky district in the modern grid of districts
Shuisky district was located on part of the territories of modern Shuisky, Ivanovo, Komsomolsky, Teikovsky, Lezhnevsky and Rodnikovsky districts of the Ivanovo region.
Shuisky district was located slightly south of the watershed line separating the basin of the tributaries of the Volga River from the tributaries of the Klyazma River. Therefore, the position of the county was relatively elevated, inclined to the south, with the northwestern part of the county slightly higher than the eastern. More elevated points are located on the pass between the Uvodya and Teza rivers (near the village of Zhary - 128 m, or 420 feet above sea level) and on the pass between the Uvodya and Ukhtokhma rivers (up to 132 m, or 434 feet).
In general, the surface of the county had the character of a high plain, cut through by several rivers, flowing in most cases from north to south or southeast, and the watersheds towards the rivers were somewhat smoothed out.
The entire area of the county is covered with post-Tertiary formations, the predominant cover being boulder reddish-brown clay; boulder clays of other shades are also found; boulderless clay, or clay almost devoid of boulders, occupies only small areas. There is reason to assume the existence of lower boulder sands under the entire area of the county. The bedrock is represented by a layer of variegated marls and Jurassic deposits. Outcrops of rocks of the variegated group are very rare in the district, and Jurassic deposits were discovered in a borehole near the village of Kokhmy; The presence of Jurassic deposits is also indicated by the remains of belemnites (“devil’s fingers”) sometimes found in rivers and the removal of blue clay by streams. Upper boulder sands are scattered here and there in small spots across the surface of the county.
Apart from pottery and brick clays, there were no other minerals in the county. Although in some places, mainly in the east and southeast of Shuya, there were peat bogs, the peat was not developed.
The soils belong exclusively to the soddy-podzolic type and are characterized by the presence, usually in the transition horizon, of the so-called podzol. These soils are poor in nutrients, coarse in structure, and require fertilization and good cultivation. Almost a third of the county is covered with light podzolic loams, the second third with podzolic loamy sands, and the last third with podzolic sandy loams, partly clayey sands, and here and there (in a small area) soils of swamp origin. All of the above soils are scattered in patches, interspersed with one another. In general, the soil in the eastern part of the county was better than in the western part. Swampy soils are found mainly in the northwestern part of the county.
There are no big rivers. The Teza and Uvod rivers are more significant than others. The first cut through the district in the middle from north to south, and the second cut through the eastern half of the district, in the same direction, and Teza, having reached the southern border of the district, turned east and served as a natural border between it and the Kovrov district. Teza was locked, and small “namesake” barges walked along it using horse traction. The river is not navigable. Of the tributaries of the Uvodi, the Ukhtoma and Saneba are more significant. Most rivers usually flow in narrow valleys and almost exclusively in the thickness of boulder deposits and deepen their channels 32-43 m (15-20 fathoms) below the surface of the passes.
There are few lakes; they are all small and scattered in the northwestern corner of the county, among the swamps (Rostov Lake, Klyuka, etc.).
There are many swamps, mainly in the northwestern part of the county, but they are not extensive, with the exception of Devyatsky, which ranged from 2 to 6.5 km. (2-6 versts) wide and up to 16 km. (15 versts) in length.
50.9% of the total area of the county was occupied by forests, in addition, 1.9% was under bushes. Mixed, coniferous and deciduous forests predominated. The most common tree species were spruce, birch, pine, and aspen.
By 1913, Shuisky district was divided into 20 volosts:
Avdotinskaya volost - village. Avdotino (now within the city of Ivanovo)
Alferevskaya volost - village. Alferyevo
Afanasyevskaya volost - village. Afanasyevo
Vasilyevskaya volost - village. Vasilyevskoe
Goritskaya volost - village. Goritsy
Dunilovskaya volost - village. Dunilovo
Eluninskaya volost - village. Elunino
Zlatoust volost - Dubrovo village
Ivanovskaya volost - village. Preobrazhenskoye (now within the city of Ivanovo)
Kokhomskaya volost - village.
Kochnevskaya volost - Bunkovo village
Kuleberevskaya volost - village. Kuleberyevo
Milovskaya volost - village. Milovskoe
Pupkovskaya volost - village. Navels
Semyonovskaya volost - Kharitonovo village
Semyonovsko-Sarskaya volost - village. Tyugaevo
Sergeevskaya volost - village. Sergeevo
Teykovskaya volost - village. Teykovo
Chechkino-Bogorodskaya volost - village. Chechkino-Bogorodskoye
Yakimanskaya volost - village. Yakimanka.
Population
The population of the county in 1859 was 97,440 people. According to the 1897 census, the county had 158,483 residents (76,167 men and 82,316 women). According to the results of the All-Union Population Census of 1926, the population of the county was 193,689 people, of which 50,628 people (26.1%) were urban.
According to the 1897 census, the largest settlements in the county are:
Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 54,208 people; Shuya - 19,583 people; With. Teykovo – 5778 people; With. Kokhma – 3337 people; Panfilovo village – 1623 people; With. Dunilovo – 1378 people; With. Vasilyevskoye – 1104 people; village Vasilevo – 975 people; village Pustosh – 910 people; village Sergeevo – 841 people; With. Goritsy – 698 people; factory village Kokhma – 680 people; With. Petropavlovskoye – 567 people; village Olyakovo – 518 people.
(1769-1837) - general, participant in the battles of the 1812 campaign. He was buried in the village of Yuryevskoye (Georgievskoye) in Shuisky district.
Industry
Factories: 1 crimson-dying and cotton-printing factory (172 workers), 1 paper-weaving factory (972 workers), 1 potato-grating establishment.
90.4% of all men and 44.9% of all women of working age were engaged in non-agricultural trades.
Of the available allotment workers, 43.3% were engaged exclusively in trades, 8.7% - only partly, 48.0% - in trades that did not separate from agriculture. 51.3% of workers engaged in non-agricultural trades were engaged only in local trades (in their village or near it), 10.2% - either local or latrines, 38.5% - only latrines. The corresponding figures for female workers are 49.3%, 7.2% and 43.5%. On average, a man engaged in latrine farming spent almost 9 months a year away from his village, and a woman - 10 months. They went mainly to Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuya and the villages of Kokhma and Teykovo, to local factories. Quite a lot of sheepskin and fur coat workers also left - mainly to the lower Volga provinces.
Among the local handicrafts, the most developed are: the manufacture of sheepskins and hare skins, home weaving, the manufacture of wooden combs for spinning cotton factories, the sewing of boots, the manufacture of felted shoes, carts and hair sieves.
City school:
Honorary caretaker - merchant. Alexander Grigorievich Tolchevsky.
Teacher-inspector – nadv. owls Vladimir Petrovich Senatsky. Teacher of the law - Rev. Alexander Ivanovich Kazansky.
Teachers: Russian language – nadv. owls Ivan Ivanovich Blinov; mathematics - superv. owls Vladimir Petrovich Senatsky; history, geography and natural sciences. Stories - above. owls Pavel Grigorievich Polyansky; arts - none China Mikhail Sergeevich Meshcheryakov.
Doctor at the school - count. owls Alexander Petrovich Nazaretsky.
Women's gymnasium:
Chairman of the Board of Trustees – technical engineer. Sergei Alekseevich Shchekoldin.
Indispensable members: director of the men's gymnasium; head of the gymnasium.
Members: later. honor citizens: Ivan Ivanovich Popov, Vasily Vasilievich Rubachev, Mikhail Vasilievich Rubachev; merchants: , Ivan Ivanovich Turushin.
The chairman of the pedagogical council is the director of the men's gymnasium. The head of the gymnasium is a home teacher. teacher Serafima Petrovna Ananyina.
Teachers of the Law: Rev. Evlampy Ivanovich Pravdin, priest. Pavel Mikhailovich Svetozarov.
Teachers and lecturers: Russian language – stat. owls Mikhail Vasilyevich Speransky, who is in the VIII grade Anton Dmitrievich Chernov, Evgenia Yakovlevna Vladykina; mathematics - count. owls Yakov Ivanovich Zezin, Anna Vasilievna Pavlova, coll. owls Semyon Nikolaevich Lyubimov; history and geography - stat. owls Semyon Ivanovich Shevnin, stat. advice. Alexander Ivanovich Sakharov. Olympiada Nikolaevna Kruglikova, Ekaterina Ilyinichna Rogozinnikova; new languages – stat. owls Albert Karlovich Fischer, Franz Germanovich Bruhlgardt, Olga Ivanovna Auerbach; penmanship and drawing - count. advice. Ivan Egorovich Chernyshev; preparatory class - Serafima Aleksandrovna Kazanskaya.
Wardens: Anna Vasilyevna Pavlova, Olga Ivanovna Auerbach, Sofya Vsevolodovna Konyashina.
Doctor at the gymnasium - nadv. owls Leonid Ivanovich Tselebrovsky.
City Parish School:
Trustee – purchaser Arkhip Ivanovich Novikov. Teacher of the law - priest. Vasily Stepanovich Gilyarevsky. The head of the school teaches. Vladimir Ksenofontovich Lektorsky. Teachers: Alexander Ivanovich Yuryev, Vladimir Alekseevich Vinogradov.
City Women's School:
Trustee - Anna Iosifovna Shchekoldina. Teacher of the law - Rev. Ivan Ivanovich Voinov.
Manager school - teacher Nadezhda Vladimirovna Tsvetkova.
Teachers: Iraida Vladimirovna Tsvetkova; Elizaveta Vasilievna Troitskaya; Maria Vladimirovna Tsvetkova; Ekaterina Ivanovna Mukaseeva; Irina Pavlovna Ermolina (handicrafts). Singing teacher - Anton Antonovich Pozdnyakov.
City primary school for men beyond the river:
Trustee - later. honor citizen Leonty Gavrilovich Kaluzhsky. Teacher of the law - priest. Vasily Semenovich Avdakov. Manager school - teaches. Ivan Efimovich Ozerkov. Teachers: Ekaterina Vasilievna Serapikhskaya, Lyubov Evgrafovna Kisileva. Assistant – Anna Vasilievna Ilyina.
City elementary girls' school beyond the river:
The trustee is a merchant. Wife Maria Ivanovna Novikova. Teacher of the law - priest. Nikolai Alekseevich Vvedensky.
Manager school - teacher Alexandra Ivanovna Samokhvalova.
Teachers: Elena Vasilievna Serapikhskaya, Irina Pavlovna Ermolina (handicrafts). Assistant – Maria Alexandrovna Prokofieva.
Zemstvo Primary Men's School:
Trustee - later. honor citizen Ivan Ivanovich Popov. Teacher of the law - priest. Pyotr Pavlovich Razumovsky.
The manager teaches. Ivan Kuzmich Velt. Teacher - Vasily Fedorovich Kitaev. Teachers: Evdokia Vasilievna Konyukhova. Alexandra Alexandrovna Zimina. Assistants: Maria Gavrilovna Velt, Elena Mikhailovna Speranskaya, Anna Dementievna Tarasova. Singing teacher - Alexander Alexandrovich Ivanov.
Zemstvo Zarechnaya School (mixed):
Teacher of the law - priest. Nikolai Alekseevich Vvedensky. Teacher - Anton Vasilievich Nikolin.
Zemstvo Sheremetyevo School in the Yamy metro station:
Trustee - nobles. Karl Fedorovich Knorre. The teacher of the law is sacred. Voznesenskaya mountains Ivanovo-Voznesensk Church Ivan Petrovich Sokolsky.
Manager school - teaches. personal honor citizen Petr Ivanovich Safontsev. The teacher is a personal one. honor citizen Leonid Afanasyevich Vasiliev. The teacher is a merchant. daughter Maria Konstantinovna Belyaykova.
Resurrection Parish Church School for Men:
Trustee - later. honor citizen Sofya Alekseevna Sorokina. Head - Prot. Evlampy Ivanovich Pravdin. The teacher of the law is Deacon Ivan Fedorovich Arkhangelsky. Teacher - Ivan Alekseevich Georgievsky.
All Saints Parish School:
Trustee - later. honor citizen Vasily Vasilievich Rubachev. Manager school - Abbess Dosithea. Teacher of the law - priest. Afanasy Srypnin. The teacher is Vera Nikolaevna Martynova.
Medical staff:
City doctor - count. owls Alexander Konstantinovich Zvezdin.
City midwife - Olga Firsova Shemyanova.
District doctor - count. owls Alexander Petrovich Nazaretsky. The district midwife is Maria Petrovna Zaitseva.
Zemstvo reception rooms:
Milovsky - head. paramedic, local Ivan Ivanovich Zatyuremnov.
Bunkovsky - head. paramedic, local Nikolai Grigorievich Lytkin.
Freelancing doctor- valid stat. Council, Doctor of Medicine Mikhail Ivanovich Vysokosov.
Veterinarian- no China Joseph Moiseevich Brown. Paramedic: Vasily Matveevich Kolosov (in the city of Shuya); Joseph Antonovich Pilashevsky (in the city of Iv.-Voznesensk); Semyon Ivanovich Filippychev (in the city of Iv.-Voznesensk); Nikolai Andreevich Polyakov (in the village of Teykovo).
Charitable Society
Society Committee:
Chairman - superintendent owls Alexander Vasilievich Skopinsky. Members: later. honor citizen Ivan Ivanovich Popov; number of secrets Nikolay Aleksandrovich Poroshin; lips secret Nikolai Mikhailovich Speransky; engineer-technol. Konstantin Grigorievich Toporkov; merchants: Mikhail Alekseevich Pavlov, Ivan Ivanovich Turushin, Arkhip Ivanovich Novikov.
Secretary - count. owls Alexander Konstantinovich Zvezdin. Treasurer - later. honor citizen Nikolai Alekseevich Shchekoldin.
Asylum for minors:
Head – Ivan Ivanovich Korshunov. Warden - local Alexandra Semenovna Chernova.
House of charity for the bourgeois society:
Head – Ivan Ivanovich Korshunov. Overseer - local Alexander Ivanovich Kryukov.
Women's almshouse at the Shuya Zemstvo Hospital:
Trustee – stat. owls Dmitry Konstantinovich Balmont.
Shelter for girls at the Resurrection Fedorovsky Monastery:
The guardian is Abbess Sophia. Manager shelter - nun Anastasia.
Church and parish trusteeship of the Nativity Church in the village. Kokhme:
Chairman - later. honor citizen Vasily Arsentievich Yasyuninsky. Members: priests: Fedor Alekseevich Speransky, Ivan Nikolaevich Dobrodeev, Alexey Alexandrovich Preobrazhensky.
Almshouse at the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross:
Managers: later. honor citizen Ivan Arsentievich Yasyuninsky, priest. Vasily Semenovich Avdakov.
Charitable Society at the Holy Trinity Church in the village of Teykova:
Chairman – Prot. Petr Ivanovich Vinogradov. Members: count. Assess. Ivan Vasilievich Karetnikov; zemstvo doctor Vladimir Stepanovich Shelepov; purchase Petr Grigorievich Vasiliev; priest With. Teikova Ivan Aleksandrovich Nevsky; Then. honor citizen Vasily Andreevich Balabanov.
Treasurer – local Semyon Vasilievich Zakharov.
Monasteries, .
The churches of the following villages are included in the city deanery: Vasilievsky, Vzornov, Yurchakov.
FIRST CHARITY DISTRICT
This district includes the churches of the following 15 villages: Arkhangelskoye (linear), Afanasyevsky, Bogorodsky-Chechkin, Volokobin, Voskresensky-Sergiev, Vsekhsvyatsky (linear), Georgievsky on Tez, Drozdov, (linear), Kitov, Krasny, Kuznetsov , Semenov-Vysokov, Studentsov and Yakimansky (linear).
Ivanovo-Voznesensk City Deanery
Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Church of the Ascension, Elias Church, Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, Church of the Transfiguration, Church of the Sorrows and Edinoverie Church of the Annunciation. Parishless churches: Nikolaevskaya, near the Almshouse; Spasskaya, which is located at the Real School; cemetery Assumption Church. All these churches (except for the Edinoverie Blagoveshchenskaya) together with the churches of the villages of Avdotyin and Bogorodskoye form the city deanery.
SECOND CHARITY DISTRICT
This district includes the churches of the following villages: Vvedensky, Elunin, Erlykov, Kalachev, Kalbatsky, Kotsyn, Pupok, Sidorovsky, Sennikov, Stromikhin, Cherntsov-Ilyinsky and Yuryevsky on Molokht.
THIRD CHARITY DISTRICT
This district includes the churches of the following villages: Alferyev, Afanasyev, Bryukhov, Georgievsky on Uvodi, Grigoryeva, Doronin, Inivezhe, Kochneva, Kuleberyev, Marsheva, Milovsky, Mitrofanievsky Pogost, Novoselok, Pershina, Semenovsky-Polivanovykh, Semenovsky-Sarsky, Talitsky Pogost , Teykov, Tyurikov, Tserkovny and Yakovlevsky churchyard.
In 1918, Shuisky district was transferred to the newly formed Ivanovo-Voznesensk province.
In 1918-1921 Teikovsky and Ivanovo-Voznesensky districts were separated from the district.
In 1929, it was transformed into the Shuisky district as part of the Shuisky district of the newly formed Ivanovo Industrial Region.
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Shuisky district was formed in 1778 during the administrative reform of Catherine the Second as part of the new Vladimir governorship (earlier, in the same year, the province). In subsequent times, the configuration of the county boundaries changed several times. Thus, under Paul the First in 1796, the district included lands that, after the territorial transformations of Alexander the First at the beginning of the 19th century. became part of the neighboring Shuisky (from the west) and Kovrovsky (from the south) districts. Since the time of Alexander the First and throughout the subsequent pre-revolutionary history of the Vladimir province, the boundaries of the district have not changed. The center of the district was the ancient Russian city of Shuya, once the patrimony of the Shuisky princes.
Not all known maps are presented on this page.
Map of part of the Vladimir province with Shuisky district in 1821. These district boundaries remained until the revolution.
Shuisky district from the time of Paul the First (in 1800).
Shuisky district during the time of Catherine II (in 1792)
Bordering counties of Vladimir province:
ENE material
Shuya, district town of Vladimir province
Population exclusively Great Russian. According to the census of the city, inhabitant. in the district there are 84,692 (37,790 men, 46,902 women) and in the cities: Shuya - 19,583 and Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 54,208. In terms of population density, the Sh. district ranks second after the Vladimir district. place in the province: per 1 sq. There are 61.8 inhabitants per verst, and the average for the province is 35.4 inhabitants. per sq. mile. There were 19,396 peasant households in the city, with 88,571 inhabitants. Larger factory villages are Teykovo (see) (5578 inhabitants) and Kokhma (4017 inhabitants), industrial and commercial villages - Goritsy (698 inhabitants), Vasilievskoye (see) (1104 inhabitants); and Dunilovo (see) (1378 inhabitants). By the year, there were 245 stone and 41,772 wooden buildings in the villages, valued at 5,772 thousand rubles. 6 zemstvo medical districts, 1 hospital (in the city of Shuya), 2 hospitals and 2 emergency rooms with 146 beds, 6 outpatient clinics, 10 doctors (including 1 sanitary worker), 14 paramedics, 12 midwives. In the city, 88,050 people used medical care, 4,865 children were received by midwives.
Geography
Shuisky district in 1871
The district was located in the north of the Vladimir Governorate.
It was located on part of the territories of modern Shuisky, Ivanovo, Komsomolsky, Teykovsky, Lezhnevsky and Rodnikovsky districts of the Ivanovo region.
Relief
Shuisky district was located slightly south of the watershed line separating the basin of tributaries of the Volga River from tributaries of the Klyazma River. Therefore, the position of the county was relatively elevated, inclined to the south, with the northwestern part of the county slightly higher than the eastern. More elevated points are located on the pass between the Uvodya and Teza rivers (near the village of Zhary - 128 m, or 420 feet, above sea level) and on the pass between the Uvodya and Ukhtoma rivers (up to 132 m, or 434 feet).
In general, the surface of the county had the character of a high plain, cut through by several rivers, flowing in most cases from north to south or southeast, and the watersheds towards the rivers were somewhat smoothed out.
Geology
The entire area of the county is covered with post-Tertiary formations, the predominant cover being boulder reddish-brown clay; boulder clays of other shades are also found; boulderless clay, or clay almost devoid of boulders, occupies only small areas. There is reason to assume the existence of lower boulder sands under the entire area of the county. The bedrock is represented by a layer of variegated marls and Jurassic deposits. Outcrops of rocks of the variegated group are very rare in the district, and Jurassic deposits were discovered in a borehole near the village of Kokhmy; The presence of Jurassic deposits is also indicated by the remains of belemnites (“devil’s fingers”) sometimes found in rivers and the removal of blue clay by streams. Upper boulder sands are scattered here and there in small spots across the surface of the county.
Minerals
Apart from pottery and brick clays, there were no other minerals in the county. Although in some places, mainly in the east and southeast of Shuya, there were peat bogs, the peat was not developed.
Soils
Story
Population
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Settlements
Healthcare
By 1902, there were 245 stone and 41,772 wooden buildings in the villages, valued at 5,772 thousand rubles; 6 zemstvo medical districts, 1 hospital (in Shuya), 2 hospitals and 2 emergency rooms with 146 beds, 6 outpatient clinics, 10 doctors (including 1 sanitary), 14 paramedics, 12 midwives.
In 1901, 88,050 people received medical care, and 4,865 children were delivered by midwives.
Public education
In 1902, there were primary schools in the county: 1 private, 3 ministerial, 51 zemstvo, 29 parochial, a total of 84 schools. 63 schools were located in their own houses. One school accounted for 26.8 square meters. kilometers (30.5 sq. versts), for 969 inhabitants, for 87 school-age children (from 8 to 11 years old). To implement universal education, it was necessary to open 48 new schools, move 22 schools to other, more central villages, expand 26 schools and increase the teaching staff by 79 people.
The normal salary for public teachers was established by the zemstvo at 300 rubles, with increases of 50 rubles every 5 years. up to the highest salary 600 rub. in year. On average, the maintenance of 1 school cost the zemstvo 1,449 rubles. per year, and one student - 15 rubles. 81 kop. In 1870 there were only 16 zemstvo schools.
In 1899, 34% of the male population were literate, and only 11% of the female population.
Economy
Industry
Factories: 1 crimson-dying and cotton-printing factory (172 workers), 1 paper-weaving factory (972 workers), 1 potato-grating establishment.
90.4% of all men and 44.9% of all women of working age were engaged in non-agricultural trades.
Of the available allotment workers, 43.3% were engaged exclusively in trades, 8.7% - only partly, 48.0% - in trades that did not separate from agriculture. 51.3% of workers engaged in non-agricultural trades were engaged only in local trades (in their village or near it), 10.2% - either local or latrines, 38.5% - only latrines. The corresponding figures for female workers are 49.3%, 7.2% and 43.5%. On average, a man engaged in latrine farming spent almost 9 months a year away from his village, and a woman - 10 months. They went mainly to Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuya and the villages of Kokhma and Teykovo, to local factories. Quite a lot of sheepskin and fur coat workers also left - mainly to the lower Volga provinces.
Among the local handicrafts, the most developed are: the manufacture of sheepskins and hare skins, home weaving, the manufacture of wooden combs for spinning cotton factories, the sewing of boots, the manufacture of felted shoes, carts and hair sieves.
Market points are Shuya and Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the villages of Kokhma, Teykovo, Dunilovo and Vasilyevskoye. Both cities and the first two villages were also very large factory centers for the production of various cotton fabrics.
Land tenure and agriculture
By 1899, in Shuisky district there were: total land - 286,230.7 hectares (261,996.1 dessiatines), convenient land - 276,399.7 hectares (252,997.4 dessiatines), or 96.5%, inconvenient land - 9,831 .1 hectares (8,998.7 dessiatines), or 3.5%;
peasant allotment - 141,503.4 hectares (129,522.6 dessiatines), or 49.44%, private property - 124,796.1 hectares (114,229.8 dessiatines), or 43.6%, state property - 9,808.8 hectares (8,978.3 dessiatinas), or 3.43%, the city of Shuya - 1,164.7 hectares (1,066.1 dessiatinas), or 0.4%, the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 4,007.4 hectares (3,668 ,1 dessiatina), or 1.4%, other institutions - 4,950.3 hectares (4,531.2 dessiatines), or 1.73%;
estate land - 2.9%, arable land - 27.8%, fallow land - 3.7%, mowing - 10.6%, pasture - 2.2%, forest - 50.9%, bushes - 1.9%.
During the 19th century, the area under forests, estates and haymaking increased, while the area of arable land and pasture lands decreased by 11.1%.
Among peasants, 4.2% of convenient allotment land is occupied by the estate, 47.8% by arable land, 5.7% by fallow land, 13.4% by mowing, 1.9% by pasture, 25.2% by forest and 1.8% by shrubs.
From 1 dessiatine (1.0925 hectares) on average over 18 years they collected (poods; 1 pood is equal to 16.380496 kilograms): rye 55.6 (on private land plots) and 46.2 (on peasant allotments), oats - 50.7 and 44.6, buckwheat - 38.7 and 34.0, barley - 29.0 and 26.6, peas - 38.7 and 34.0, flaxseed - 19 and 22, potatoes - 592, or 37 quarters ( on peasant lands).
In 1901, only 63 head of livestock were insured.
Privately owned field farming was very poorly developed; arable land was usually rented out to peasants for a very cheap rent; In most economies, they tried to turn arable land into forests, since with poor soils and the comparative high cost of labor, field farming was unprofitable for private owners.
On average over 6 years (1895-1900), the annual net harvest of food grains (without oats, potatoes and oilseeds), minus seeds, was equal to 809,272 poods for the entire county, that is, 9 poods per 1 capita of the rural population. The bread that was missing for food came from other provinces, mainly by railways.
Means of communication
In addition to the navigable Teza River with a single pier in Shuya, the Shuya district was cut through for 128 kilometers (120 versts) by two branches of the Moscow-Yaroslavl-Arkhangelsk Railway - Novki-Kineshma and Aleksandrovo-Ivanovskaya.
Within the Shuya district there were 5 railway stations: Teykovo, Shuya, Kokhma, Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Ermolino (the latter on the border of the Kostroma province).
In 1901, 97,366 tons (5,944,000 poods) of cargo were sent from all these stations, including from Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 59,314 tons (3,621,000 poods), 448,301 tons (27,368,000 poods) arrived, including including in Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 304,808 tons (18,608,000 poods). Of the arriving cargoes there were: grain 45,996 tons (2,808,000 poods), oil - 128,472 tons (7,843,000 poods), cotton - 16,380 tons (about 1,000,000 poods), the rest were firewood, timber and other cargo.
The products of local factories accounted for up to 45% of all cargo sent by rail.
The dirt roads were generally quite good; Of these, more travel cards were maintained by the zemstvo.
There were 7 printing and telegraph institutions in the cities and villages of Shuisky district.
Taxes
In 1903, the district zemstvo expenses were allocated 310,109 rubles, including: for public education - 125,755 rubles, for the medical unit - 86,171 rubles, for the maintenance of the zemstvo administration - 19,000 rubles.
All zemstvo fees (provincial and district) from real estate - 422,450 rubles; of which 14% fall on land and forests, 75% on the premises of factories, factories and commercial and industrial establishments, and 11% on real estate in the cities of Shuya and Ivanovo-Voznesensk.
To calculate the state tax on city real estate for 1903, the value of real estate was determined: for Ivanovo-Voznesensk - at 12,349,000 rubles, for Shuya - at 5,100,000 rubles. (the provincial city of Vladimir took third place in this rate - 2,175,000 rubles), and the amount of state tax was determined: for Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 47,732 rubles, for Shuya - 19,715 rubles. (for Vladimir - 8,408 rubles).
Or 267,191 tithes, according to Strelbitsky). In 1926, after administrative-territorial transformations, the area of the county was 4605 km².
It was located on part of the territories of modern Shuisky, Ivanovo, Komsomolsky, Teykovsky, Lezhnevsky and Rodnikovsky districts of the Ivanovo region.
Relief
Shuisky district was located slightly south of the watershed line separating the basin of tributaries of the Volga River from tributaries of the Klyazma River. Therefore, the position of the county was relatively elevated, inclined to the south, with the northwestern part of the county slightly higher than the eastern. More elevated points are located on the pass between the rivers Uvodya and Teza (near the village of Zhary - 128 m, or 420 feet above sea level) and on the pass between the rivers Uvodya and Ukhtokhma (up to 132 m, or 434 feet).
In general, the surface of the county had the character of a high plain, cut through by several rivers, flowing in most cases from north to south or southeast, and the watersheds towards the rivers were somewhat smoothed out.
Geology
The entire area of the county is covered with post-Tertiary formations, the predominant cover being boulder reddish-brown clay; boulder clays of other shades are also found; boulderless clay, or clay almost devoid of boulders, occupies only small areas. There is reason to assume the existence of lower boulder sands under the entire area of the county. The bedrock is represented by a stage of variegated marls and Jurassic sediments. Outcrops of rocks of the variegated group are very rare in the district, and Jurassic deposits were discovered in a borehole near the village of Kokhmy; The presence of Jurassic deposits is also indicated by the remains of belemnites (“devil’s fingers”) sometimes found in rivers and the removal of blue clay by streams. Upper boulder sands are scattered here and there in small spots across the surface of the county.
Minerals
Apart from pottery and brick clays, there were no other minerals in the county. Although in some places, mainly in the east and southeast of Shuya, there were peat bogs, the peat was not developed.
Soils
Story
Population
No. | Parish | volost government | Number of villages | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Avdotinskaya | With. Avdotino (now within the city of Ivanovo) | 47 | 5409 |
2 | Afanasyevskaya | With. Afanasyevskoe | 32 | 7207 |
3 | Vasilyevskaya | With. Vasilyevskoe | 39 | 7226 |
4 | Goritskaya | With. Goritsy | 38 | 3804 |
5 | Dunilovskaya | With. Dunilovo | 48 | 5767 |
6 | Yelyuninskaya | With. Elunino | 34 | 2978 |
7 | Ivanovskaya | Ivanovo-Voznesensk | 48 | 10 000 |
8 | Kokhomskaya | With. Kokhma | 33 | 3381 |
9 | Kochnevskaya | Bunkovo village | 36 | 4665 |
10 | Milovskaya | With. Milovskoe | 34 | 3596 |
11 | Pelgusovskaya | With. Alferyevo | 45 | 6340 |
12 | Pupkovskaya | With. Navels | 36 | 3772 |
13 | Semenovskaya | Kharitonovo village | 27 | 4252 |
14 | Semyonovsko-Sarskaya | With. Tyugaevo | 8 | 1620 |
15 | Sergeevskaya | Novaya village | 38 | 5236 |
16 | Teykovskaya | With. Teykovo | 19 | 6825 |
17 | Chechkino-Bogorodskaya | With. Chechkino-Bogorodskoye | 25 | 2745 |
18 | Yakimanskaya | With. Yakimanka | 59 | 6291 |
By 1913, from Pelgusovskaya volost stood out Kuleberevskaya volost with its center in the village of Kuleberyevo, center Ivanovo volost was a village Rylikha(now within the city of Ivanovo).
Settlements
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Healthcare
By 1902, there were 245 stone and 41,772 wooden buildings in the villages, valued at 5,772 thousand rubles; six zemstvo medical districts, one hospital (in Shuya), two hospitals and two emergency rooms with 146 beds, six outpatient clinics, ten doctors (including one sanitary), 14 paramedics, 12 midwives.
In 1901, 88,050 people benefited from medical care, and 4,865 children were delivered by midwives.
Public education
In 1902, there were primary schools in the county: 1 private, 3 ministerial, 51 zemstvo, 29 parochial, a total of 84 schools. 63 schools were located in their own houses. One school accounted for 26.8 square meters. kilometers (30.5 sq. versts), for 969 inhabitants, for 87 school-age children (from 8 to 11 years old). To implement universal education, it was necessary to open 48 new schools, move 22 schools to other, more central villages, expand 26 schools and increase the teaching staff by 79 people.
The normal salary for public teachers was established by the zemstvo at 300 rubles, with increases of 50 rubles every 5 years. up to the highest salary 600 rub. in year. On average, the maintenance of 1 school cost the zemstvo 1,449 rubles. per year, and one student - 15 rubles. 81 kop. In 1870 there were only 16 zemstvo schools.
In 1899, 34% of the male population were literate, and only 11% of the female population.
Economy
Industry
Factories: 1 crimson-dying and cotton-printing factory (172 workers), 1 paper-weaving factory (972 workers), 1 potato-grating establishment.
90.4% of all men and 44.9% of all women of working age were engaged in non-agricultural trades.
Of the available allotment workers, 43.3% were engaged exclusively in trades, 8.7% - only partly, 48.0% - in trades that did not separate from agriculture. 51.3% of workers engaged in non-agricultural trades were engaged only in local trades (in their village or near it), 10.2% - either local or latrines, 38.5% - only latrines. The corresponding figures for female workers are 49.3%, 7.2% and 43.5%. On average, a man who worked as a latrine worker spent almost 9 months a year away from his village, and a woman - 10 months. They went mainly to Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuya and the villages of Kokhma and Teykovo, to local factories. Quite a lot of sheepskin and fur coat workers also left - mainly to the lower Volga provinces.
Among the local handicrafts, the most developed are: the manufacture of sheepskins and hare skins, home weaving, the manufacture of wooden combs for spinning cotton factories, the sewing of boots, the manufacture of felted shoes, carts and hair sieves.
Market points are Shuya and Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the villages of Kokhma, Teykovo, Dunilovo and Vasilyevskoye. Both cities and the first two villages were also very large factory centers for the production of various cotton fabrics.
Land tenure and agriculture
By 1899, in Shuisky district there were: total land - 286,230.7 hectares (261,996.1 dessiatines), convenient land - 276,399.7 hectares (252,997.4 dessiatines), or 96.5%, inconvenient land - 9,831 .1 hectares (8,998.7 dessiatines), or 3.5%;
peasant allotment - 141,503.4 hectares (129,522.6 dessiatines), or 49.44%, private property - 124,796.1 hectares (114,229.8 dessiatines), or 43.6%, state property - 9,808.8 hectares (8,978.3 dessiatinas), or 3.43%, the city of Shuya - 1,164.7 hectares (1,066.1 dessiatinas), or 0.4%, the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 4,007.4 hectares (3,668 ,1 dessiatina), or 1.4%, other institutions - 4,950.3 hectares (4,531.2 dessiatines), or 1.73%;
estate land - 2.9%, arable land - 27.8%, fallow land - 3.7%, mowing - 10.6%, pasture - 2.2%, forest - 50.9%, bushes - 1.9%.
During the 19th century, the area under forests, estates and haymaking increased, while the area of arable land and pasture lands decreased by 11.1%.
Among peasants, 4.2% of convenient allotment land is occupied by the estate, 47.8% by arable land, 5.7% by fallow land, 13.4% by mowing, 1.9% by pasture, 25.2% by forest and 1.8% by shrubs.
In 1901, only 63 head of livestock were insured.
Privately owned field farming was very poorly developed; arable land was usually rented out to peasants for a very cheap rent; In most economies, they tried to turn arable land into forests, since with poor soils and the comparative high cost of labor, field farming was unprofitable for private owners.
On average over 6 years (1895-1900), the annual net harvest of food grains (without oats, potatoes and oilseeds), minus seeds, was equal to 809,272 poods for the entire county, that is, 9 poods per 1 capita of the rural population. The bread that was missing for food came from other provinces, mainly by railways.
(the latter is on the border of the Kostroma province).
In 1901, 97,366 tons (5,944,000 poods) of cargo were sent from all these stations, including from Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 59,314 tons (3,621,000 poods), 448,301 tons (27,368,000 poods) arrived, including including in Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 304,808 tons (18,608,000 poods). Of the arriving cargoes there were: grain 45,996 tons (2,808,000 poods), oil - 128,472 tons (7,843,000 poods), cotton - 16,380 tons (about 1,000,000 poods), the rest were firewood, timber and other cargo.
The products of local factories accounted for up to 45% of all cargo sent by rail.
The dirt roads were generally quite good; Of these, more travel cards were maintained by the zemstvo.
There were 7 printing and telegraph institutions in the cities and villages of Shuisky district.
Taxes
In 1903, the district zemstvo expenses were allocated 310,109 rubles, including: for public education - 125,755 rubles, for the medical unit - 86,171 rubles, for the maintenance of the zemstvo administration - 19,000 rubles.
All zemstvo fees (provincial and district) from real estate - 422,450 rubles; of which 14% fall on land and forests, 75% on the premises of factories, factories and commercial and industrial establishments, and 11% on real estate in the cities of Shuya and Ivanovo-Voznesensk.
To calculate the state tax on city real estate for 1903, the value of real estate was determined: for Ivanovo-Voznesensk - at 12,349,000 rubles, for Shuya - at 5,100,000 rubles. (the provincial city of Vladimir took third place in this rate - 2,175,000 rubles), and the amount of state tax was determined: for Ivanovo-Voznesensk - 47,732 rubles, for Shuya - 19,715 rubles. (for Vladimir - 8,408 rubles).
Payments for compulsory zemstvo insurance were charged per year to approximately 60,000 rubles.
: in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.