Edible fish species of the Ionian Sea. Dangerous fauna of the Mediterranean Sea
Danger - Sun:
The main source of danger in Greek seas This…. Sun. Don't laugh, sunstroke and overheating make you sick hundreds of times more people than from any other " natural hazards" The Greek thermonuclear sun, especially for northern residents unaccustomed to it, can cause a lot of problems. What you need to do, how to behave in the heat, and what food to eat you can read. And in addition to this material, I will note a few basic rules:
- Try not to go out into the sun at noon or the next 3-4 hours after it.
- Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.
- In addition to sunscreen, don't forget a bucket hat, a T-shirt and sunglasses. Regarding the latter, try to use high-quality glasses with 100% UV protection. By the way, in any Greek optical store, you can check for free whether your glasses really protect as it was written on the label, or whether you got a fake.
- Keep children away from direct sun rays. Exposing a child to the sun without protection can lead to serious illnesses in the future. Under the age of 3 years, child exposure to the sun is not recommended.
- Drink plenty of water. The minimum required to maintain normal water balance in the body - 1.9 liters of water per day with average temperature air 26 degrees, 3 liters - at 32 degrees to 4 liters at 35(and in Greece this is not uncommon). I also recommend reading what you can drink and what you shouldn’t.
Danger - marine fauna
"Most main principle behavior with unknown representatives of plant, animal and underwater world- do not disturb. They have their own lives, in which they are quite capable of standing up for themselves in response to any action regarded as a threat. It’s better to enjoy your holiday in an idyll with nature!”
There are very few dangerous inhabitants in the Mediterranean Sea that can harm humans, at least much less than in tropical seas. The threat of meeting a shark is so rare that for many years in none of the zones of the Mediterranean Sea, even in its most secluded corners, no one who went under the water saw one (except from the mouths of fishermen and reporters “ yellow press"). However, sometimes even seemingly harmless animals can pose a danger to humans.
We will not exaggerate this danger, but we will still try to acquaint you with the problems that may arise from too close contact with marine life.
Marine inhabitants are of considerable interest to vacationers. It's always a lot of fun to watch them, but don't forget that some underwater inhabitants can cause us very significant harm: injure, bite or inject poison.
Whether you will encounter this misfortune during your vacation or not is unknown. In any case, you need to know the enemy by sight.
Danger - Sea urchins:
The second place of honor on Greek beaches is occupied by sea urchins. Here they are called ahinu (αχινού). On “cultural” beaches, these “hedgehogs” are quite difficult to meet, but once you step outside the “cultured” zone, they are right there. Meetings with sea urchins With unpleasant consequences for both sides, unfortunately, is not uncommon. Mediterranean sea with salty and warm water- simply a paradise for hedgehogs. They often form large concentrations on sloping rock surfaces, starting from the shallowest waters near the shore. A careless swimmer crawling ashore or wandering along the rocks along the water's edge risks stepping on, or even grabbing, a sea urchin. To the author of this material I had the opportunity to deal with these creatures many times and even step on them several times. There was also “pleasure” from this...
Prevention: In hedgehog habitats, it is best to go into the water in rubber slippers. The approximate cost of swimming shoes is 5-15 € per pair, and the author recommends choosing products with a sole thickness of at least 1 centimeter. If you think that wearing flippers on your feet will allow you to safely step on these “cute little animals,” I will disappoint you. I checked it personally - sea urchin needles easily pierce even the plastic soles of flippers. And let’s not even talk about rubber ones. So, it’s better to go around or swim past. By the way, when swimming in shallow water, you can catch “hedgehogs” not only with your foot, but also with other parts of the body.
What to do: The best cure for hedgehogs is vigilance! Before entering the sea in an unfamiliar place, take a closer look; fortunately, the water is clear and the black dots of urchins are clearly visible.
If contact with the hedgehog cannot be avoided, you will most likely have to consult a doctor. Fortunately, first aid in public hospitals is free.
If for some reason you cannot get to the hospital, then remember - the hedgehog’s spines are very sharp and at the same time fragile. They easily penetrate the body and then break off just as easily. It is quite difficult to pull out the fragments, and since there is no talk about the sterility of hedgehog thorns, the affected area can fester. Sometimes the wound heals, and the broken thorn remains in the body, from where it can come out (or maybe remain in the body forever) several years later.
- soak your foot in very hot water (but don’t overdo it, you won’t get burned!), and then try to pull the needle out.
- Regularly treat the wound with antiseptics and carefully monitor so that suppuration does not begin.
A local recipe is to lubricate the damaged area with olive oil (read cream or Vaseline) and gradually squeeze out the thorns. I tested it on myself - it WORKS!!!
Local pharmacies also sell special tweezers for pulling out needles from sea urchins, as well as a special ointment. By the way, I recommend using it for any contact with biting or prickly sea inhabitants, and it also helps against mosquito and mosquito bites.
Danger -Jellyfish:
In third place in terms of the frequency of “natural problems” created in the Greek seas are jellyfish.
There are practically no poisonous jellyfish in the Greek seas (unless they accidentally swim from the Atlantic or the Red Sea), most of those that you might come across sting no worse than nettles, and the mucus they secrete is harmful only if it gets into your eyes. An encounter with a purple jellyfish is especially unpleasant - the thunderstorm of the Adriatic is called Pelagije nocticulice. When you see the purple back, it is better to go around the jellyfish.
Touching the jellyfish's tentacles causes a burn that will go away in a few days or weeks.
Prevention: Avoiding drifting nippers is almost impossible. But it is known for sure that they wash ashore after a storm. The special anti-jellyfish Israeli lotion SafeSea, which acts as a mosquito repellent or its analogue Bites Reliever, will help to avoid accidental contact.
What to do: Touching the tentacles of a jellyfish causes a burn, similar in appearance to nettles.
First, you need to remove the remnants of the tentacles from the skin; do not rinse the damaged area with water - neither salty nor fresh. sea water will revive dried stinging cells, and if it gets on them fresh water they will burst, releasing poison abundantly. The affected area can be lubricated with food grade vinegar, alcohol, or a special “pencil” containing Bites Reliever ammonium. Subsequently, lubricate the affected area with a special Fusidin ointment (antibiotic). In particularly severe cases, an injection of anesthetic may be required.
Danger - Octopuses:
It’s only in the movies that huge octopuses attack people and sink ships. In fact, specimens larger than 3 meters long and weighing more than 30 kg are never found in the Mediterranean Sea. The real cephalopods that you may come across are undersized, up to 30 cm long and weighing up to 2 kilograms. At the same time they never They do not attack people and generally carefully hide from them. In case of an unexpected meeting, such a “giant” (if he could not escape) will only release an ink cloud and wave his tentacles threateningly - beware, they say!
How dangerous is an octopus for humans?
The scariest thing about a cephalopod is its appearance. By nature, he is very timid and when a diver or scuba diver approaches, he usually hides under rocks. True, cases of an octopus attacking a person are extremely rare. This can happen to a diver when inspecting the hold or cabin of a sunken ship where he is hiding cephalopod. He has nowhere to go and, in defense, involuntarily attacks the person. Therefore, inexperienced divers in places where octopuses are found should avoid grottoes and underwater caves, which usually serve as shelter for animals. There is a danger, although small, that, having penetrated such a cave, the diver will be caught by an octopus if its tentacles can stay on the smooth surface of the diving suit. Finding himself in such a situation, a scuba diver should not panic - he has a knife, and that’s enough reliable weapon in case of an octopus attack. You should not start the fight by cutting off the tentacles. To quickly free yourself from the “embrace” of an octopus, scuba diving experts recommend striking its brain, located between the eyes. As long as the nerve center is not destroyed, the suckers and tentacles of the octopus will act, no matter what wounds are inflicted on it.
More real danger represents octopus venom. The octopus's mouth is equipped with two powerful chitinous jaws, shaped like a parrot's beak. With them, the cephalopod bites its prey, holding it with its suction cups. In this case, the poison of the salivary glands from the throat and mouth enters the wound. The beak bite leaves little damage, but since saliva prevents blood from clotting, bleeding can be quite prolonged. The severity of the lesion depends on the type of octopus and, apparently, on its size. The first signs of poisoning: stabbing pain and burning at the site of the bite. Subsequently, these sensations spread to the entire limb. The tissue around the wound swells. When the poison is absorbed into the blood, breathing becomes difficult, the voice weakens, and the body temperature rises. As a rule, recovery occurs within 3-4 weeks.
What to do: If you are bitten, call a doctor, and before he arrives, try simply urinating on the bite site. Don’t laugh - this time-tested remedy turns out to be very effective, well, at least it will help you avoid more serious consequences.
Video of Russian tourists communicating with octopuses:
Dangers: Fish:
Girls, that is, fish, come in different colors - yellow, white, red. Of the fish in the seas surrounding Greece, only the stingray is the most common ( sea cat) which, although not particularly poisonous, is always ready to strike with its spiked tail - a lacerated wound with stuck needles and mild poisoning are guaranteed. The difficulty is that the stingray often buries itself in the sand and is easily mistaken for an ordinary pebble. Well, Scorpena, or sea ruffe, is not at all pleasant, a meeting with which can put you in a hospital bed for several days... But the following fish, although much less common, can bring much bigger problems.
Sea dragons (Trachinus)
- bottom fish with an elongated body, no more than 45 cm long. They belong to the Trachinidae family and are one of the most poisonous fish temperate zone. They live mainly in bays and bays with a flat sandy or muddy bottom and usually burrow into soft soil so that only the top of the head, mouth, eyes and spines are visible dorsal fin. Their lower jaw is longer than the upper, their mouth with small conical teeth is directed obliquely upward. Eyes on the top side of the head. These fish have two dorsal fins: the first is short, with 5-7 spines, the second dorsal and anal are long, with 21-24 rays each. When the baby dragon lies half-buried in the ground, this black fin is clearly visible at a considerable distance. If the fish is irritated, the gill covers spread out, the fin rises and unfolds, which serves as a warning to the predator. The little dragon can instantly jump out of its hiding place and, with unerring accuracy, plunge the poisoned spine of the gill cover into the intended object.
Long sharp spines gill covers and the first dorsal fin are covered with skin, only their tips protrude. The spines have deep grooves. Venom glands are located in these grooves and at the base of the spines. There is no channel for poison. Probably, when pricked by a thorn, the glandular cells are torn, the poison is released and introduced into the wound along the grooves, like a syringe needle. The venom of dragons is very strong. Like the venom of some snakes, it acts as a neurotoxin and hemotoxin. When pricked by a poisonous thorn, an excruciating, sharp, burning or stabbing pain occurs, which, without treatment, lasts for several hours or even the whole day. The affected limb becomes inflamed and very swollen. Other symptoms included loss of consciousness, palpitations, slow heart rate, fever, headaches, delirium, severe vomiting, convulsions, difficulty breathing. In severe cases, death may occur. Morphine usually does not provide relief.
Because of latent image life, aggressiveness and highly developed poisonous apparatus, dragons are very dangerous for everyone who swims near the shore, dives or wanders barefoot in shallow water, for fishermen and amateur fishermen.
Never, under any circumstances, handle a live dragon. Even a dead dragon must be handled very carefully so as not to be pricked by its thorn, which can cause dangerous wounds.
By the way, according to local residents, the baby dragon may end up in the sand far from the shore. They get there in this way: seagulls catch them from the water, eat the tasty and safe parts, and throw the rest wherever necessary. Even dead fish, as mentioned above, remain poisonous for several more days.
What to do: If you receive a poisonous injection, you should immediately seek professional medical help. It is recommended to inject a few drops of a 5% solution of potassium permanganate into the wound with a syringe to destroy the poison. This provides immediate pain relief and prevents inflammation. If this was not done immediately and inflammation began, cooling lotions or hot poultices should be used. It may take several months for complete healing. The damaged part of the body must be immersed in very hot water as much as you can tolerate, and dissolve some oxidizing substance in water, for example, potassium permanganate, which neutralizes the poison. In addition, the victim is prescribed cardiac analeptics and adrenaline with cortisone.
Danger - environmental pollution:
And finally – pollution environment. Although Greek beaches are considered among the cleanest in the world, this does not apply to all beaches. Many beaches - especially within the Athens metropolis, as well as near cities and towns - can pose a danger due to the presence of debris in the sand, broken glass and all kinds of sharp and cutting objects. If you or your loved ones are unlucky enough to cut your leg or other part of your body on the beach with glass, first make sure that there is no glass or other foreign object in the wound.
If not, then the wound needs to be treated: rinse with water, hydrogen peroxide (alcohol or alcohol-containing liquid), lubricate with iodine (in Greece it is called “Betadine”) and bandage.
If it bothers you greatly, go to the hospital. Maybe the doctors decide that a stitch is required.
Danger - Snakes:
There are far fewer dangers on land. There is only one poisonous species of snake in the country (viper, “fidi” in Greek), the bites of which are easily countered by antivenin. Local scorpions ("scorpii") are nocturnal inhabitants and are rarely seen by tourists, but they love to sit on dry stone walls of houses and rocks, where daytime warmth persists for a long time. When walking on rough terrain with an abundance of bushes, you should wear boots with socks and long trousers and under no circumstances put your hands into cracks and holes.
Danger - Insects:
In some mountain forest areas there are a lot of ticks, so here measures to protect against them, however, like any other blood-sucking insects, will not be superfluous. IN lately There is evidence that local ticks are infected with Lyme disease, but due to the small number of tourists in the interior of the country, there are still no reliable statistics on this matter.
Local mosquitoes ("kunupia", "kunupya") are not carriers of malaria, and traditional repellents are quite sufficient to protect against them - in most cases, window screens are not even required. However, when traveling through Aetolia, Acarnania, Thesprotia, the western regions of Elis and Attica, you should choose places to stay with screens on the windows and even doors. The more dangerous Asian mosquito (Aedes albopictus), which spreads several viruses at once, lives in some mountainous areas in the north and west of the country. Therefore, here, in addition to thicker clothing and nets on the windows, it is necessary to provide for the presence of repellents. Sand fleas, active at night on many beaches, can also be spreaders of leishmaniasis and other dangerous infections, but due to the small number of sandy beaches this danger is not very relevant (however, repellents are quite effective against them).
Bees and especially wasps, which are quite active from August to October, usually cause much more trouble. They hover around tables and glasses of liquid, get into your eyes, get hidden under motorcycle helmets, and are generally very annoying. There are no generally accepted means of protection against these insects, but the Greeks themselves quite effectively use the smoke of burning coffee beans or simply dried coffee grounds. To relieve pain from bites, it is better to use aspivenin, sold at any local pharmacy.
Danger - Flora:
There are practically no poisonous plants in the country, except for wild figs, the “milk” of which can cause moderate skin damage (can be countered with lemon juice followed by rubbing olive oil). But there are quite a lot of sources of allergens, starting with mountain pine(April-May) and ending with numerous cereals (April-June). Local pharmacies sell a wide range of antihistamines, but it's best to carry a certain supply (especially if you don't know local names medications).
My leg cramped Pinch your arm or leg as hard as you can, applying very sharp and firm pressure to the cramp site. thumb. Try straightening your cramped leg with your hands. Inhale and exhale deeply several times to improve blood circulation.
How to avoid. Don't swim for long cold water. When you get hot under the sun, do not dive straight into the water: sharp drop temperatures provoke seizures.
Choked Most often, children swallow water involuntarily. Bend the baby over your knee so that the head is lower than the buttocks, tap on the back so that he clears his throat. If the child has lost a lot of strength, place him on his side.
How to avoid. Make sure the child stays on the surface of the water.
Sunstroke If a person suddenly feels unwell, headache, lethargy, it became difficult to breathe - he overheated in the sun. The victim must be taken to the shade, covered with a wet towel or a cool compress on his head, and create a flow of air (fan him with a hat or newspaper). Then call " ambulance».
How to avoid. Relax in the shade of a tree or beach umbrella, wear a hat, drink still water. More often sunstroke affects babies under one year old, people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, hypertensive patients and those who are overweight.
Poisoning The first signs are weakness and nausea, headache, diarrhea. You need to rinse your stomach by drinking 2-3 liters at once in quick sips. boiled water. Then you need to induce vomiting. And so three or four times. If possible, consult your doctor. Calcium gluconate will strengthen the gastric mucosa and reduce the allergic reaction (usually the drug is taken 3 times a day).
How to avoid. Pay attention to the expiration date of the product and appearance establishments where you buy food.
Cut yourself on glass This is the most common injury among amateurs sea holiday. Rinse the cut with clean water; if you have vodka or cologne on hand, you can treat the wound with them. Then apply a clean bandage. To do this, it is better to have a bandage or at least a clean scarf with you.
How to avoid. Choose the “right” beach. If there is garbage and broken bottles on the shore, then the same thing will happen in the water. In unsafe places, do not walk barefoot and swim in special rubber slippers.
Banana ride This marine activity often becomes a source of injury. Sometimes "bananas" turn over, some "drivers" do this on purpose - without warning. On the beach, as a rule, people ride catamarans, jet skis, boats, etc. at the same time - collisions happen. Victims of water activities with fractures and wounds are often brought to resort hospitals.
How to avoid. Do not neglect your life jacket; fasten it carefully. If you are afraid of depth, then this entertainment is not for you.
Child safety rules
1. Never leave a child alone in the water.
2. Locate your resting place in the shade.
3. Buy your baby bright clothes, a Panama hat. In case of danger, you will quickly find your child.
4. Do not leave your child in a wet swimsuit to avoid catching a cold.
5. It is better to have inflatable rings with different inflatable sections - if one deflates, the others will keep the child afloat.
A little about medical care and rescue services in Greece.
Emergency phone number 112 or 199.
Remember, in Greece there is no special rescue service; its functions are performed by local firefighters. Often they do not know or do not know how to provide first aid, since recent years Almost everyone was recruited into this service. In any case, call 199 (112) and try to report (in English or Greek) that trouble has happened to you. If something happens, they will call an ambulance themselves.
Ambulance EKAB (ΕΚΑΒ) |
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Fire department service-service salvation |
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Coast Guard |
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Road assistance |
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Air Police |
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Police - information |
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Drug Abuse Service |
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Forest guard |
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Lifeline (type of helpline) - SOS |
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Information about hospitals, clinics, doctors, and pharmacies |
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Tourist police |
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SOS Doctors (Athens) |
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Road assistance |
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Road assistance ΕΛΠΑ |
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Road assistance Εxpress Service |
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Road assistance Hellas Service |
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Interamerican Road Assistance |
Perhaps this phrasebook will help you find a common language with your doctor:
Theme "At the doctor's"
Στο γιατρό
I'm not feeling well | estAnume Ashima | Αισθάνομαι άσχημα |
I'm sick | Ime Arostos(Arosta) | Είμαι άρρωστος (άρρωστη) |
I need to go to the doctor | prEPi on pAO stoytO | Πρέπει να πάω στο γιατρό |
Please give me the doctor's phone number or address | ParakalO, d'Oste mutotylEfono I yedEftynsi tu yatra | Παρακαλώ, δώστε μου το τηλέφωνο ή τη διεύθυνση του γιατρού |
Please call a doctor (ambulance) | vonAkste, parakalO, tonyatrO (toastEnoforo) | Φωνάξτε, παρακαλώ, τον γιατρό (το ασθενοφόρο) |
Invite a doctor home | zitYste naErty oyatrOs one hundred sleeps | Ζητήστε να έρθει ο γιατρός |
Where can I find a doctor who speaks Ukrainian? | pu na vro toyatro pu milai ukranikA | Πού να βρω το γιατρό που μιλάει ουκρανικά; |
Which doctor should I see? | Se pyo yatrO prEPi na pAO | Σε πιο γιατρό πρέπει να πάω; |
Can I go to the doctor? | Boron on Bo standO | Μπορώ να μπω στο γιατρό; |
Please wait a little | perimEnete ligAki, paracalO | Περιμένετε λιγάκι,παρακαλώ |
Go to the office | perAste mEsa | Περάστε μέσα |
What are you complaining about? | apo you ipoferete | Από τι υποφέρετε; |
What hurts you? | you sas poAi | Τι σας πονάει; |
I don't feel well, I'm freezing | estAnome Ashima, estAnome rIgos | Αισθάνομαι άσχημα, αισθάνομαι ρίγος |
What is your temperature? | you are a pirate O Ekhete | Τι πυρετό έχετε; |
I have a high temperature | Echo PirateO | Έχω πυρετό |
I feel dizzy | HallIzome | Ζαλίζομαι |
My ____ hurts... | me poAi... | Με πονάει . |
head throat heart stomach | t okefali mu olemOs ikardya toastAkhi | το κεφάλι μου ο λαιμός η καρδιά το στομάχι |
I have a (severe) cough | Echo (dynato) in Ikha | "Έχω (δυνατό) βήχα |
I got poisoned | Epata dyilityrIasi | Έπαθα δηλητηρίαση |
I'm feeling sick | mu Erhete emetOs | Μου έρχεται εμετός |
Have you been sick for a long time? | apo kero iste arostos | Από καιρό είστε άρρωστος; |
When did you feel unwell? | pote estantiykate Ashima | Πότε αισθανθήκατε άσχημα; |
Tonight, Last night a week ago |
sImera tynIkhta htES tovrAdy prin myavd'omAd'a | Σήμερα Τη νύχτα Χτες το βράδυ Πριν μια βδομάδα |
Have you turned white recently? | prosfata Ikhate kapya arostya | Πρόσφατα είχατε κάποια αρρώστια; |
- Telephones: first aid, emergency services, road assistance
- Embassies and consulates of countries former USSR in Greece
Other fish that can sting are Sea Ruffs and Stingrays.
The latter have fearsome jagged spikes on their tails with deadly poison, which the stingray uses as a weapon for defense. But if you don’t provoke them, or, God forbid, don’t try to hurt them, then neither one nor the other species has any intention of using their weapons against humans. The same can be said about Sea Eels and Moray Eels with powerful, strong jaws and teeth. They never even dream of attacking a person, but if they are wounded, they attack with great frenzy. To tell the truth, several swimmers were bitten by large conger eels, but each time it concerned those specimens of fish that were accustomed to receiving food from people, but were not given it. I would not advise people to engage in handouts, because this in itself is unnatural and, moreover, can cause an inappropriate reaction in the fish. As for particularly painful injections, this is different sea urchins, more often black ( Arbacia lixula) , living in large colonies on rocks almost at the very surface of the water and posing a danger to people, especially for those who snorkel at shallow depths and usually do not look very carefully where to place their feet and what to lean on with their hands.
And stubble fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) can stick into the skin, causing acute pain and local inflammation, but the presence of this worm is quite easy to detect, because when a swimmer approaches, it immediately reveals itself, throwing out snow-white bristles as a warning signal “danger!” All sea anemones have a burning sensation, but only those that can swim are dangerous to humans. fairy cynea (Alicia mirabilis). It has been noticed that its injections are destructive for small planktonic creatures.
Even crustaceans, despite their powerful claws, prefer to flee in cases of danger, especially at the sight of a swimming person. Naturally, if you try to intercept them, they know how to defend themselves. When such human attempts are made, lobsters, for example, immediately use their powerful claws.
In conclusion, I will note something that should definitely be remembered. Do not disturb in any way electric stingrays – their defense system is such that they are capable of giving an electric shock to anyone, leaving him literally lifeless in salt water.
In particular, in Turkey there are:
a) near the shore:
1) sea urchins (usually near underwater rocks)
2) small stingrays (mostly sea cats
,
sea fox)
3) poisonous scorpion fish
4) moderately poisonous polychaete ("centipede")
- usually on the slopes of underwater rocks
5) sea dragon
- a very dangerous poisonous fish, lies on sandy shallow water, sometimes buries itself in the sand. She is often confused with the harmless lizard head .
6) jellyfish (the most dangerous and quite common " sea nettle"
and rarely seen Portuguese man-of-war
- in 8 years I met only 1 time).
7) triggerfish - Turkish
, as a rule, are not aggressive.
8) Mediterranean moray eels
. Typically found near rocks and piles of underwater boulders. The length of local individuals is usually no more than a meter.
9) slightly toxic sea anemones (anemones)
. They are very small (usually no more than 10-15 cm), located among underwater boulders and large pebbles.
b) in the distance (in open water)
1) single and schooling barracudas
(usually small and non-aggressive)
2) very rare guests - pelagic sharks
. Divers even see them a maximum of 1-2 times throughout the summer.
But at first glance there is a harmless cone mollusk (conical snail) - they got their name for their almost regular conical shape. These poisonous fish-eating mollusks can actually kill a person.
Cones are very active when touched in their habitat. Their toxic apparatus consists of a poisonous gland connected by a duct to a hard proboscis, a radula-grater, located at the narrow end of the shell, with sharp spines that replace the teeth of the mollusk. If you take the shell in your hands, the mollusk instantly extends the radula and thrusts spines into the body. The injection is accompanied by acute pain leading to loss of consciousness, numbness of the affected area and other parts of the body, then paralysis of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system may occur. According to statistics, one out of three, or even two cases of being pricked by a cone thorn ends in death. True, all these cases occurred due to the fault of man: attracted by the beauty of the shell, he tried to pick it up and forced the cone to defend itself.
There is nothing special to be afraid of, but you need to be attentive and careful.
In Turkey it is much more likely to step on broken bottle, kindly thrown into the water by some idiots, than on any of dangerous inhabitants seas.
Pufferfish, According to fishermen from Bodrum, it is increasingly being caught in the coastal waters of Turkey. It turns out that this fish contains toxic substances that, when ingested, human body almost always lead to death.
Until recently, the habitat of the pufferfish did not extend beyond the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, but a year ago fishermen caught a dangerous fish in the Mediterranean near the coast of Greece, and this year several cases of the appearance of this individual were recorded in the coastal waters of Turkey near Bodrum.
Such migration processes of these fish can be explained by the consequences global warming. However, there have not yet been adequate assessments of what is happening in the coastal waters of Turkey. Only local fishermen who caught poisonous fish. According to them, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish it from other edible species, which poses a danger for both local residents and tourists who want to fish in these places.
Safety rules:
1. The warmer the sea, the more poisonous, deadly animals live there.
2. While snorkeling or diving underwater, do not touch anything.
3. Travel agencies, of course, are obliged to warn about the potential dangers of the country being visited, incl. and about dangerous animals, but it is not a fact that you will receive such warnings. More accurate information can be obtained from guides and local residents. It is important that local guides accompany you to dangerous places.
4. During breeding periods, even the calmest poisonous animals can show aggression towards humans.
5. Sometimes an encounter with a poisonous creature in the water is not as dangerous as the danger of drowning from shock caused by acute pain from a bite, injection, poison, etc.. Timely removal of the injured person from the water is a direct path to salvation.
6. The person represents himself big threat underwater world. Be careful, careful and polite with underwater inhabitants and then this part of the holiday will be as pleasant as possible.
FIRST AID AFTER INJECTIONS OF POISONOUS FISH AND JELLYFISH BURNS
Scratches from corals should be lubricated with a weak antiseptic.
When injected with the spines of sea fish or shellfish, therapeutic measures are carried out in three directions: neutralizing and removing the poison, relieving pain and combating shock, and preventing secondary infection. It is necessary, without wasting time, to immediately suck out the poison. To relieve pain, the affected limb should be placed in a bath with hot water. To combat painful shock, cardiac medications, respiratory analeptics, plenty of hot drinks and small doses of alcohol are recommended.
At the first signs of poisoning: nausea, dizziness, itching around the lips, you must immediately clear the stomach by drinking plenty of salt water, followed by inducing vomiting. Then give hot tea or coffee.
When stung by jellyfish, wipe the affected area with a towel or any other cloth to remove remnants of tentacles and stinging cells. To remove the latter, it is advisable to run a sliver over the affected area (EA) or wipe with sand. Moisten the PU with a solution of ammonia, soda or alcohol as soon as possible. I note that tourists are unlikely to carry a white powder called soda across the border, why look for trouble, but our tourists almost always have alcohol. As a last resort, you can use a sugar solution or vegetable oil. You can ask local residents what they use in such cases. In Tunisia, it is recommended to take a tomato with you to the beach. Water cannot be used for these purposes! The poison is easily soluble in water and can be transferred to healthy areas of the skin. Severely injured people need to: 1. Reduce pain. 2. Weaken the effect of the poison. 3. Avoid primary shock, loss of consciousness, and respiratory arrest.
Having stepped on a sea urchin, you should, after getting ashore, you can sit on the urchin and step on it. The sharp short spines of sea urchins can even pierce shoes. The sea urchin quickly reacts to changes in the state of the environment, and its spines are immediately directed towards the stimulus, which may be an unexpected strong movement of water caused by something or the shadow of a person accidentally falling on the animal.
The injection sites where the ends of the poisonous needles hit begin to itch, burn severely, turn red, and swell. Loss of sensitivity may occur, even to muscle paralysis. Toxins from the glands of sea urchins specifically act on nervous system. In the most severe cases, the person dies. In less severe cases, the pain decreases after about 15-20 minutes, and after 3-4 days other symptoms of poisoning disappear.
If sea urchins are affected by poison, measures must be taken to reduce the absorption of poison. You should sharply limit the victim’s mobility, quickly remove needle fragments from the wounds, lubricate the wound with alcohol and, if possible, take a hot bath. and taken to the hospital.
Cone bite - Immediately after the bite, consult a doctor, he will prescribe pain medication and give the necessary vaccinations. Before transportation, the affected part of the body must be immobilized and a pressure bandage applied. You may need additional monitoring and, in severe cases, specialist intervention to maintain normal breathing. Although there is information that the pot-bellied Cones (poisonous) that came from the Red Sea did not stay in the Mediterranean - but, as they say: God protects those who are careful!
Occupiers most of Our planet is extremely rich in diverse inhabitants. And speaking of maritime representatives fauna, then special attention deserves the fish of the Mediterranean Sea.
It is this reservoir that is visited annually by millions of tourists from different corners planets. And the fish world plays its role for each of them. While on vacation, someone likes to go fishing and cook with their catch. delicious dinner, someone likes spearfishing, and someone just wants to admire the beauty sea creatures and at the same time not get hurt when meeting with their dangerous representatives.
Dangerous inhabitants of the Mediterranean
A holiday at sea is an extremely long-awaited moment in life for many. Therefore, it is extremely important that it be remembered only on the good side and not overshadowed by unpleasant events.
Compared with representatives tropical seas, then the fish of the Mediterranean Sea is less dangerous. In addition, the number of inhabitants that can pose a threat to humans is much smaller. For example, it is extremely rare to encounter a shark in these waters. But there are others that can cause harm to vacationers in the form of wounds, bites, electric shocks, injection of poison, etc.
To such dangerous residents The seas also include dragonets, jellyfish, and stingrays.
Sea dragon or spider fish
The sea dragon is often called the spider fish. It is one of the most poisonous marine inhabitants of the temperate zone. This is a fish of the Mediterranean Sea, black in color, body length does not exceed forty-five centimeters. It lives on the muddy or sandy bottom of bays and bays. The sea dragon's food consists of small fish, worms and crustaceans. At the sight of an ill-wisher, this fish first gives a warning in the form of an unfolded fin, and, if necessary, jumps out from its hiding place and pierces the enemy with a poisoned thorn. Due to its secretive lifestyle, aggressiveness and high toxicity, the dragonet is especially dangerous for swimmers near the shore, walking barefoot in shallow water, as well as for fishermen. This dangerous fish The Mediterranean Sea has very strong poison, similar to a snake. People affected by sea dragons experience inflammation and swelling of the affected areas, loss of consciousness, vomiting, convulsions, and heart rhythm disturbances. Some cases are fatal. When providing first aid to the victim, a solution of potassium permanganate must be injected into the wound to destroy the poison.
Fishing
Many tourists who come to enjoy a Mediterranean holiday in countries such as France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Croatia, Turkey, Israel, Egypt are certainly interested in such a topic as fishing. To do this, they carefully study the question of which fish in the Mediterranean Sea are most suitable for this activity. And the choice here is extremely rich. These include sardines, anchovies, horse mackerel, mackerel, and various types of mullet.
The largest member of the mullet family is the mullet, whose length reaches 90 cm and weighs more than 6 kg. It is caught with a fishing rod, but more often with a net or with a harpoon. Therefore, fishing for mullet is like a unique art.
It is also found in the Mediterranean Sea, such as the small-scaled sphyrene, the length of which reaches one meter. It has some similarities with pike, preferring to hunt from ambush, while pursuing schooling fish.
There are also Atlantic bonito, swordfish, bluefin tuna, moray eel and fangri, among other fish of the Mediterranean Sea. Türkiye, Egypt, Israel and others Mediterranean countries Perfect for fishing lovers for an eventful and exciting pastime.
King fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Dorada is the most famous among the variety of fish of the Mediterranean Sea. A photo of its representatives will be wonderful proof of a complete seaside holiday. After all, it is this king fish that is extremely popular among gourmets vacationing on the Mediterranean coast. Fish restaurants use a lot of recipes for its preparation. And in each of them, the dorada is the queen of the dish.
This one lives delicious fish in the depths of the sea, feeding small fish, crustaceans and molluscs. There are two types of dorada - royal and gray. And because of the golden crescent on its forehead, many consider this fish to be special. The weight of an adult sea bream reaches 1 kg, and the body length is about 40 cm.
"Aliens" among the fish of the Mediterranean Sea
As a result of enormous work, it was created in 1869. Has this economically beneficial human creation affected the life of fish in the Mediterranean Sea? Photos and videos taken by scientists clearly give a positive answer to this question.
After the connection of the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, the number of inhabitants in the two seas increased significantly. On the one hand, this is not bad. Thus, new species of fish appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, including fugu and ball fish. But from an evolutionary point of view, many scientists have concerns. After all, when mixing various types The struggle for survival between fish increases, as a result of which some species may disappear altogether.
Turkey is washed by four seas: in the west - the Aegean, in the north - the Black Sea, in the south - the Mediterranean Sea and in the northwest - the Marmara Sea.
In this article you will get acquainted with the wide variety of the underwater world of Turkey.
Turkey has a very diverse world of marine life. Besides the beautiful peaceful fish There are also about forty species of sharks. We hope you are unlikely to be lucky enough to meet them, but just in case, read the safety rules.
Shark attacks can be avoided
First of all, it is worth knowing that sharks never attack without a reason. They are nearsighted and may mistake a floundering person for a fish.
Another reason for an attack is defense (if you yourself provoke the shark). A predator may react to the smell and sight of blood or even bright spots in the form of shiny jewelry or a swimsuit.
In this regard, experts do not recommend swimming:
-In the evening, at night or at dawn (at this time sharks are especially active, since this is the time they eat);
-Near fishing boats and where there are large schools of fish;
-Alone;
-In bright and contrasting swimsuits;
-If you have fresh wounds or cuts on your body (sharks can smell blood from a great distance).
Besides:
-Before swimming, remove jewelry (chains, rings, earrings);
-Do not swim too far from the shore;
-If you are floating on a raft or on an air mattress, do not keep your hands and feet in the water;
-In places where sharks may appear, try to swim calmly, without floundering;
-It is worth understanding that the tactics of shark attacks may differ - white sharks often make a sudden attack, an ambush attack is also possible, when a person cannot react in advance to the approach of a shark. In any case, you should resist, and even better, take precautions in advance, since it is very difficult to predict the behavior of these predators.
If you are “lucky” and you meet a shark
How to behave in case of a shark attack
If you see a shark approaching, try not to make sudden movements and slowly begin to swim towards the shore. Remember that chaotic movements in the water are perceived by sharks as extremely aggressive. The shark does not attack immediately; first it swims several circles around the “prey”, and then it can strike sideways.
In this case:
- do not turn your back to her;
-keep calm;
-hit the shark with all your might (from the side, in the eye, on the tip of the nose, on the gills - that is, in the most sensitive places) - it’s good if you have something at hand, since blows can cause abrasions and then an attack will be inevitable .
-Attacking a shark if it is already preparing to attack is the most right decision. However, in such a situation, the main thing is to overcome your fear. You should sharply pull the gills, hit the nose, stick a knife, stone or even fingers into the eyes - there is a chance that the shark will retreat. Although there are situations when a shark makes several attempts to attack. At the same time, you should not make sudden convulsive movements and panic - then there will be a chance of salvation.
-After a shark attack is already on the shore, if injuries have been sustained, it is important to stop the bleeding, if possible treat the wound, apply a bandage and urgently seek medical help, even if the wounds are minor, since there is a risk of infection.
We invite you to explore some of Turkey's marine diversity!
Barracuda
Great white shark
Tiger shark
Snout shark
Shark Mako
Longimanus
Blue shark
Giant hammerhead shark
cat shark
Oceanic longfin shark
Bull shark
Gray reef shark
sand shark
lemon shark
Sevengill shark
Silky shark
Scorpio fish
fire worm
Sea dragon
Sea anemone
Rock Perch
Jellyfish
Portuguese man of war
Cuttlefish
Moray
Sea cucumbers
Caretta turtle
Carp
Sea urchins
Starfish
crown of thorns
Mackerel
Herrings