The tallest man in the world d. The smallest and tallest people in the world
Time flows differently in the world: in a powerful gravitational field it moves slower, away from large objects, faster. It can change not only the speed of its movement, but also its direction.
Let's imagine a black hole (collapsar) with only reverse flow time. Let's call it a white hole. Perhaps she is the exact opposite of black. Let's try to give some facts:
- black holes, with their powerful gravity, collect all the matter around them in space, while white holes should theoretically push it away from themselves.
- if it is impossible to exit the collapsar event horizon, then it is also impossible to enter the white event horizon.
- the collapsar absorbs matter and thereby releases energy, while the former hole releases matter and absorbs energy, etc.
In the universe, the existence of collapsars is no longer a discovery. But the formation of the universe of white holes remains a hypothetical.
However, a group of Israeli scientists claim that they were able to capture a white hole in the form of a flash in the photo. The characteristics of the hypothetical white hole flare differ from the various stellar flares previously known. Scientists believe that the instantaneous disintegration of a white hole is similar to the Big Bang, but many times smaller. This explosion was given the name Small Explosion. It is characterized by the fact that when it happens, a lot of energy and matter appears out of nowhere. It’s as if he throws out everything that has been accumulated inside.
By studying these features, we can state that the mysteries of the existence of white holes can only exist until some specific objects are discovered by astronauts. It is also worth noting that a white hole can only be a reality if there are no particles of matter within its framework. Because if at least one alpha particle hits it, the white hole will instantly collapse.
Of course, as in any hypothetical theory, there are also people here who are 100% sure of the existence of white holes. At the Aix-Marseille University in France, there is a group of scientists who are persistently trying to explain to humanity that the theory of black and white regions of space-time has long been based on physics, which includes the theory of quantum gravity loops.
The connection between black and white holes
There is a theory that white and black holes are connected by a certain tunnel.
Matter that falls beyond the event horizon of the collapsar emerges from the event horizon of the white hole. Between the entrance and exit there may be not only huge distances of billions of light years, which you will cover in an instant, but also a large number of time. This makes it possible to travel in it! However, not every collapsar will be associated with a white hole.
There is another similar theory that involves not only travel between in separate parts Universe, but also a journey between the universes themselves.
It is even theoretically impossible to get from one universe to another by ordinary routes, because... they are in different spaces. The only way to get from one universe to another is a space-time tunnel consisting of white and black holes.
If a person manages to harness and recreate the nature of space-time tunnels, or, simply put, wormholes, then it will be possible to move vast distances and travel through time.
Another option for scientists is the theory of glued holes. That is, white holes can be glued to black ones. In this case, the theory is called a wormhole. It is under this name that it is often remembered in science fiction stories. But, like other theories, there is an inconsistency. If matter falls into this wormhole, the result will be its collapse, since the passage between the regions of space-time will be closed.
Another part of scientists argue that since collapsars can be not only black, but also white, then the possibility arises that if we fall into a black hole, we will lose our singularity and end up in another Universe. In turn, this black hole is white, but in some other universe. All these Universes are absolutely of different nature. From this we can conclude that if one body falls into a black hole, it will never return to the previous Universe.
Having raised all these theories and thoughts, an obvious logical question may arise: why did people start talking about such phenomena not so long ago, although the facts confirming the existence of various holes were known thousands of years ago? This could arise because modern scientists use complex mathematics in their calculations that are much more complex than the conventional topology used before.
Research into the existence of white holes
There is also information that scientists from the United States, using the VLA radio telescope, discovered a huge void, in the middle of which there is nothing known to astronomers of substances or matters. It is also known that this region of space-time is much bigger size than those that were found before and that are known in outer space.
In addition, a spot was discovered near the constellation Eridanus, in which there is 45% less energy than it should be. It was also revealed that after the Big Bang, the temperature there became much lower than the average by millionths of a degree. These phenomena cannot leave scientists alone, since there was no clear explanation for them, and without clear evidence they remain something inexplicable.
While it has long been proven that there is a gravitational field around collapsars, with the help of which they are detected, this does not happen with white holes. There are suggestions about the existence of a galactic cluster that was able to pump out the gravitational field from them.
Since white holes are called flares, some scientists divide them into long, long and short. Long ones are those that last more than two seconds, but short ones are those whose duration was less than two seconds. There are also flashes that, according to their parameters, may not fall into any of the categories, and it is these that receive much more attention. After all, studying everything non-standard always makes the discovery more significant.
Experts believe that long-lasting gamma-ray bursts often occur as a consequence of collapse huge stars, which then turn into black holes. While short gamma-ray bursts are a consequence of the connection of neutron stars, which leads to the creation of a new collapsar.
It is worth mentioning here the Schwarzschild solution, which deals with white and black holes. The global scientific community believes that white Schwarzschild holes do not exist. But Kerr’s solution states that a white hole is a formation that resulted from the combination of two collapsars.
Remembering the theory of quantum gravity - black holes can turn into white holes over time.
Today, we mainly talked about adherents of the theory of the existence of white holes, but we should not forget about skeptics, because as practice shows, it is thanks to them that most theories are proven.
Thus, many believe that there is no connection at all between black and white holes in the Universe. Scientists think so, because if any matter that got into the collapsar then came out somewhere else, the collapsar would instantly disappear, since the matter would have flown out of the white hole (given the opposite direction of time in them).
In any case, from a mathematical point of view, white holes are still something unusual, and therefore not fully studied. But as history shows us, everything unusual in the mathematical field is quite rarely embodied in real life.
Many mysteries have still not been solved even by scientists who are constantly engaged in research in this area.
In conclusion, I can say one thing: each person decides for himself what to believe in and what not. Therefore, read, study, research, believe, analyze and destroy the stereotypes created by reality.
Chapter 242. Secrets of the Black Matter.
Concept: 12 is constantly hiding under the table.
Queen 13: That's it, Kolya, don't. And I constantly have cramps and cramps.
And Queen 13 is dragged to the point by convulsions.
Concept: Redness – reverse side number 13.
2016-06-29: The number 12 is like the boundary of the development of everything in this world. Within the number 12, feelings and mind develop. That is, no matter how smart man no matter what (within the Involution), it usually does not go beyond this figure. It was the twelve apostles that Jesus Christ had as disciples. He himself was the thirteenth, which means that he himself went beyond everything understood in this world.
In the old world it was impossible to go beyond the limits, since a person within these limits began, roughly speaking, to have convulsions. These spasms are from the Matter from which all human clothing is cut. For each type of clothing, I repeat, there is its own matter, and this matter has its own vibrational limits. In the third book, we were shown three types of matter that vibrate in space sinusoidally out of time with each other, sometimes touching each other. These three types of matter (astral, mental and ether-physics) make up human clothing.
People of one level of development do not understand people of another level: the lower ones do not understand the higher ones. Those who develop within the number 12 do not understand those who develop within the number 13. The apostles of Jesus do not understand and ask each other what he is talking about. Those who develop within the number 6 do not understand, for example, those who develop within the number 12 somewhere under the ceiling. Actor Romashin says to his nineteen-year-old wife Yulia, who asked him for patronage, who are you? He's sixty years old, he's an elite actor, and he understands that elite roles are only for elite actors. In the language of clothing, anyone from the elite who dresses in expensive, perfect clothes immediately sees the person dressed in simple clothes person. But the person who is simply dressing does not see what the difference is between him and the elite. And if an elite person speaks about this directly, as Romashin told his wife, it offends those who do not understand.
The elite get married once, twice and three times, because they have charisma, that is, energetically they are capable of attracting a young girl even at sixty years old. Julia Orren marries Romashin for love. She asks her parents for permission. They are shocked. They dissuade her: they say that Moscow life is not at all the same as in Kyiv (they are Kyivians). Indeed, the elite mainly gather in Moscow, and Kyiv and even Leningrad are provinces in relation to Moscow. Yulia's parents understand something or are simply dissuading their daughter from an unequal marriage. Yulia is still young to understand something, or her Soul’s clothes are simply not yet cut according to the same patterns as elite Souls are cut. If she lives in Moscow among the elite and strives to match this public with her qualities, then perhaps she will later become an elite. In the meantime, she’s just a sweet girl who was betrothed by an old elite male for his own pleasure.
Serge Zha has a lot of articles in his section about victims. He has a Soul from the former elite. And he understands that in life, wherever you look, there is a wedge (victim) everywhere. We must sacrifice something everywhere in all directions of life. Such truths of this life within the number 12 can only be understood by subceiling Souls (elite). Romashin would have to sacrifice his pleasure if he followed the accepted rules of marrying someone his own age and living with this one wife all his life, as religion requires.
The number 12 is good only when it hides under the table, that is, when a person hides his true intentions (the desire for pleasure). Royal souls do not want to sacrifice their pleasures. King John not only does not deny himself pleasures, but also creates the conditions for receiving them. Tsar Peter his ex-father in pleasure, it seems, he definitely could not surpass, but he also died early, around the same years (53-54), and with very severe headaches.
The number 13 is called the queen here, since only royal Souls have the opportunity to overcome the limits set by the number 12. And they overcome them. Why? Because in the Black Matter itself, of which their Souls are composed, there is such a property as overcoming. The need to overcome is necessary for any Soul in this world, since in this world something must always be overcome in order to achieve something. But overcoming, like everything else in this world, has its own degrees of development, which are limited to 50%. Future royal Souls usually quickly overcome the number 50 (5), become sixes, then nines and, as if by inertia, further when they find themselves under the ceiling and begin to understand a lot, they cannot deny themselves pleasures, for example, marrying a young, sweet, pure girl . Romashin looked for and found such a sweet, pure nun for the role of a nun in his film.
However, when one ascends to the very top and higher royal soul in its pleasures, the Black Matter, into which appropriate restrictions are introduced, begins to protest with what is here called convulsions. How these internal convulsions are expressed externally can be judged by the severe headaches of Peter, the illnesses of John and the death of Romashin, who at the age of 69 was killed by a pine tree in his dacha, which he was cutting down to show off the view from his dacha to his students. And, according to the gypsy’s prediction, he was supposed to live eighty-three years.
The number 13 appears here before us in two versions. Jesus Christ, the 13th in his group, sacrifices his body to save humanity; the royal Soul, on the contrary, sacrifices all the norms established by humanity for the sake of its pleasure, which aggravates universal karma.
Here this sacrifice is called redness. This means that there is also a black prey, which is quite moderate in relation to the redness. I would, says the famous film critic Mark Rudinshtein on TV, marry, like Romashin, for the fourth time, but I won’t, he strokes his belly: I understand that I am of little use to my young wife. So he humiliates himself somewhat in order to justify the sacrifice with his pleasure, which he can give himself, but does not, because he feels that it is better for him not to cross the border between black and red. The material of clothing in one way or another lets a person know what awaits him if he overcomes it: convulsions in one form or another, I repeat, kill a person.
And it is in no way possible to come to an agreement with Black Matter so that it does not kill, although it has its own personification with which you can talk on the subtle plane. This is how a man can talk to any earthly woman, but just as an earthly woman has her own “shaven” for every “haircut,” so the Black Mother has the same identical position. Its position is to always contradict the Spirit in order to ultimately drive it into the grave with its contradictions. She can say that it is possible to come to an agreement with her, and that she will talk very intelligently, and that there is no woman more faithful, obedient and dutiful, but she will still do it in her own way. Forces Black Matter to make its state of Black Matter, which it is not aware of, which at certain moments seems to be convulsed. People experience muscle cramps from overexertion or from uncomfortable temperatures. Experienced swimmers usually take a pin with them: it sometimes cramps their muscles. The injection returns the muscles to working condition. This is exactly how you need to hit a woman so that she returns to her normal state. But who knows about this? Only pagan people knew about this. Then this knowledge went away - and the woman began to stick to her line to the end. All this can end badly for the man, even death, but you can’t beat a woman now, but you can divorce her.
Is it Black Matter's fault that it is so bad? It seems that if it were good, would it be possible for a man looking for happiness in a family to look for and find it? However, happiness in the family is not planned. Therefore, Black Matter is programmed not for happiness, but for misfortune. And if a woman with her consciousness tries to overcome the program embedded in her, she is immediately seized by a vibrational spasm on the subtle plane. Physically (outwardly) this may not be expressed in any way, but circumstances will begin to develop in such a way that all roads to happiness will be blocked and will open to misfortune (to a quarrel for suddenly revealed reasons that will actually arise).
Reviews
My soul rejoiced greatly at the mention of Ser. Zha, whose date of birth, for the record, was 12/12/1960. That's what I'm thinking. You yourself, Valery Yakovlevich, guessed about this coincidence. or read on the author’s page of this person. Well, whatever it is. and it’s very nice! Therefore, I remain a reader of your conjectures and a writer of personal tsiduleks.
Original taken from pavel_sviridov in Eternal Light of Black Matter
To say that the Almighty collected a gigantic amount of gas and staged a demonstrative burning of it in the form of the Sun for the joy of Great Humanity is somehow frivolous. And writing in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia about the constant decrease in the mass of the Sun (naturally, if something burns, then something burns up) is even more fun. A fire on a cosmic scale. But where does the firewood come from? There's no forest to be seen nearby. And Gazprom did not report anything about gas fields.
It is obvious that the Sun does not burn, is constantly growing, increasing its mass, and finally it has a solid surface. All these provisions directly contradict the generally accepted theory of cosmogony (the science of the origin of the universe). However, in several articles I will try to prove this.
Light - as we are used to seeing it - exists only in reflected form. This is easy to show by the example of the Moon and planets, which are not only visible in the sky, but also clearly illuminate the space surrounding us on Earth. We are accustomed to thinking that planets and their satellites reflect sunlight(for example, we see the reflection of the Moon, Venus, Mars). However, the Sun itself reflects light. Exactly! It doesn't burn, it reflects. Only by accepting this position can the lifespan of a star be explained - billions of years of “continuous burning”.
Ask yourself a simple question: how long can any substance burn? Definitely not, because when it burns, it is not replenished. The same applies to the Sun. If any substance were burning, then the mass of the Sun would constantly decrease (by the way, this is exactly what is said in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia of the 1974 edition), and its lifetime would be measured not in millions and billions of years, but in one instant. However, I argue that the Sun not only does not reduce its mass, but increases it - increases it, like any cosmic object. This is the law of survival in cosmogony: constant increase in mass.
Any planet or star is growing. This is the law. Another question is why this happens. Previously, it would have been difficult for me to answer this question with evidence. However, recent research has helped me a lot in this regard.
American scientists made an interesting discovery. It turns out that our planet is constantly bombarded from space by ice blocks quite large sizes- about 12 meters in diameter. Moreover, according to experts, the bombardment occurs with amazing intensity - from 5 to 30 blows per minute, or an average of 43,000 ice blocks per day.
The discovery of the phenomenon itself and a new class of comet-like objects was made with the help of a NASA launch in February 1996 spacecraft"Polar". As Louis Frank, a physicist from the University of Iowa, calculated, for every 10-20 thousand years of the planet’s life, the described phenomenon added 2.5 cm of water to the Earth’s surface, which on geological time scales translates into kilometer-long layers of water.
Thus, the mass of planet Earth is constantly, I would even say, increasing every second. But the mass of the Sun is much greater than the mass of the Earth. Therefore, it is quite logical to assume that the Sun attracts a larger number of space objects, and significantly larger ones in size and mass. Based on the stated theory about the “non-burning” of the Sun, we can say that solar flares are the result of the fall of various space objects. The larger the object, the stronger the disturbance of the Sun's atmosphere and the larger the flash itself, which is formed during the combustion of a meteorite or comet. From here, another conclusion becomes obvious - about the protective function of the Sun. It attracts and destroys most of the most dangerous planets solar system meteorites and comets. This is also confirmed by the observations of astronomers about the greatest concentration of cosmic dust precisely between the Earth and the Sun. Agree that such an assumption looks more logical than the theory of inexplicable solar flares.
Beelzebub tells his grandson that “... the sun does not give anything resembling heat or light, that in fact it is frozen and cold... In fact, the surface of ... the so-called source of heat, like the surfaces of all other stars, is covered with ice even more than the North Pole” (Georgiy Gurdjieff, “Conversations of Beelzebub with his grandson.” Minsk, “Harvest”, 2005).
A paradoxical statement - isn't it? However, this is only at first glance. Our senses tell us quite clearly that light and heat come from the Sun. However, this is not true or not entirely true. Otherwise, how to explain that, no matter how much came out in space the cosmonaut did not “steam” in his spacesuit, being closer to the Sun than any other earthling, several tens of thousands of kilometers, he never felt either warm or light. Furthermore, space is very cold and very dark. We have to conclude that heat and light are generated by our planet, reflecting sunlight and heating up at the same time.
Paradox again? Yes, but again last years Heat sources based on a similar principle have been developed. Radiation sources are installed under the roof of very high workshops, and they heat not the air that surrounds them, but the floor of the workshop and the machines installed on it. And they, having already heated up, heat up the air, which rises upward. As a result, such a heating system large premises turned out to be the most effective. And, by the way, the air above is always somewhat colder than the air below. Doesn't this remind you of climbing mountains, when the closer you are to the Sun, but further from the Earth, the colder it gets? And I would also add - and darker.
Indeed, I believe that the closer to the Sun, the darker it will become. To perceive it as a source of light and heat, as we are accustomed to understanding it, it is required certain distance. That's why space flights towards the Sun are quite real.
The question arises: what light does the sun reflect? I believe that when answering this question we should talk about the concept of “Light”. “True” light exists always and everywhere - at every point in space, but we cannot see it, because our physical body and the eyes are not adapted for this. I propose to call this “Light” “true” or “original”.
Of course, skeptics will immediately ask the question: why is it dark on the dark side of the Earth if light is always and everywhere present? The question is absolutely legitimate. The fact is that planet Earth does not meet the characteristics that allow it to reflect the original light. And thank God, otherwise life on the planet would be impossible. Planets can only reflect the light of stars, but stars, by virtue of their natural characteristics reflect true light. To the question why we don’t see it, you can already answer it yourself. Yes, because our eyes are not designed for this. However, the instruments will be able to detect the initial light - you just need to set yourself this task.
This theory allows us to explain why there are stars of different intensities of “glow” and different color. Stars with lower mass reflect light in one spectrum, which we see as red, while stars with higher mass reflect light in the blue spectrum. Black holes also receive an explanation. In fact, these are the stars that have the largest possible mass in our universe. That's why they reflect light in a spectrum that we perceive as completely black. That is why they are opaque and at the same time invisible. So-called black holes have all the characteristics of a star, and that’s how it should be. Erroneous views were born from the incorrect assumption that light cannot be black. It can be blue and red, even purple, but it cannot be black. It is not right.
Therefore, when we talk about red dwarfs as cooling stars, we are mistaken. On the contrary, the color red indicates a young star that has just emerged (emerged) as a star. The next color will be orange, then yellow, green, cyan, indigo, purple and finally black, or more accurately, invisible. That is, in full accordance with the law of spectrum harmony, or simply a rainbow. People who study images of the chakras of the human body in Eastern sources of knowledge will immediately notice that a person’s main chakras are always depicted as seven, and in color from bottom to top they are depicted from red to purple in accordance with the children’s rhyme. People involved in meditation and spiritual practices are able to see the color of their chakras with eyes closed, and again their color coincides with what was said above. The wavelength also goes from infrared to ultraviolet.
“Darkness radiates light,” says the “Secret Doctrine” of Helena Blavatsky, who quotes from the “Stanzas of Dzyan” (p. 66, vol. 1, Minsk, “Lotats”, ISBN 985-6307-15-5). “From the Radiance of Light - the Ray of Eternal Darkness - the newly awakened One of the Egg, Six and Five rushed into the Space of Energy. Then Three, One, Four, One, Five, Twice Seven, Sum of the Total.” (page 70). (1 6 5 3 1 4 1 5 7 7=40 = 4 0 = 4, calculated by the author of the article.) “Then come the Sons, the Seven Warriors, One - the Eighth - is left aside, and his Breath is the Light-Giver” (p. .71). Note, “from the Radiance of Light - the Ray of Eternal Darkness.” This is not a opposition, but two names for one phenomenon.
The meaning of the word “alchemy” is indicative in this sense. Translated from Arabic, the word “Al-hem” means “black”. I would venture to suggest that this meaning of the word “alchemy” indicates one of the main secrets of the universe, namely the transformation, the degeneration of black light into white. For this secret is much more important than the transformation of lead into gold.
Each planet strives to grow and then become a star. This is the Law of Continuous Improvement. Any object that violates this Law, including Man, is destroyed by the Creator as erroneous. As a planet grows, it gradually turns into a star rather than instantly. In the solar system this is Jupiter. It should be noted that a planet can become a star only if it has its own satellites, which in size are already approaching the size of planets. Thus, by the number of satellites and their size, one can judge the readiness of the planet to transform into a new star.
The giant planets of any star reach critical sizes, after which they transform into stars. Currently, Jupiter's own radiation significantly exceeds the energy flow received from the Sun.
“Some astronomers are inclined to consider Jupiter not a planet, but a miniature independent star, meaning the planet’s own radiation in the radio range. As estimates have shown, due to its own radiation in the radio range, Jupiter loses three times more energy than it receives from the Sun.” (V.G. Demin, The Fate of the Solar System", M., "Science", 1975, p. 20.)
The photo was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope as recently as April 16, 2006. Note the two red spots. The famous Great Red Spot is similar in size to our Earth. This comparison will allow you to understand the true size of Jupiter. In approximately the same way, Jupiter itself is comparable in size to the Sun (see Fig. 2, given in the 1974 edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia).
The Great Red Spot, an oval vortex tens of thousands of kilometers in diameter, was discovered back in 1665 and has not undergone significant changes since then. A small red spot has just been discovered. It appeared in place of three white spots. In my opinion, all these facts clearly indicate the transformation of Jupiter into a Star taking place before our eyes. There will be more and more red spots until they all merge and the planet Jupiter turns into the red star Jupiter. A second “Sun” will appear in our sky. It won't be a disaster, but it will change our lives forever.
Light has two obvious characteristics. physical properties- color and transparency. Indeed, light can be white, yellow, red, green, purple or other colors. Transparency is confirmed by the fact that we see material objects through light. Light of any color is transparent. And light is not gas, neither solid nor liquid matter. I deliberately do not talk about the wave and corpuscular nature of light, since we are faced with a different task.
Everyone knows that space is dark. However, we see the light of the stars. This speaks of the transparency of space. Aristotle believed that fire is visible in darkness because light is transmitted through darkness, imparting its transparency. Aristotle considered the ether to be absolutely transparent. But since outer space is transparent and has a color, in this case black, it therefore represents light! Black light! At the same time, white light is also transparent. If it were not transparent, then the space around the Sun would be white, not black. The light would come in beams of white light, clearly visible to an observer on Earth. However, nothing of the sort happens. White light passes through black, and black through white, and both retain their characteristics and do not change the characteristics of the other.
The source of white light for us is the Sun, but what is the source of black light? I have on this moment there is only an assumption: the source of black light is black stars (or, as they are also called, “black holes”). Why not? If there are blue, red and Brown, then why shouldn’t black stars exist?
In ancient sources, black light, which cannot be seen, was considered a symbol of a hidden deity. The sect of Gnostics - Mandaeans, descendants of the ancient Babylonians, reveres John the Baptist and the light of the stars, considering the original light to be their deity... And calyptic and eschatological ideas are associated with the metaphor of the end of the world, which is thought of as real... Light, according to Berkeley, is the language of God, vaguely understood by our feelings. According to ancient Chinese ideas, the world process is realized, determined by various relationships between the forces of light and darkness... In the Buddhist East, “understanding the Great Light” is one of the main symbolic procedures. It must be carried out in such a way that there is no object, no subject, neither physical nor emotional, while using only the all-encompassing medium of light itself. The ancient book “Seals of the Heart” says: “In silence at dawn, early morning you fly upward along the beam.” Taoist alchemical work is based on the circulation of light, on the ability to reverse it. (Pages 443-445, encyclopedia “Symbols, signs, emblems” / Author: V. Andreeva et al. - M.: Astrel Publishing House LLC; AST Publishing House LLC, 2004).
The associative connection of these ideas is preserved in the translation of the Sufi phrase: “The path is hidden in darkness” (“Dar Tariqa Tariqa”). It is believed that the use of a black and white checkerboard pattern was suggested to the Sufis in ancient times and symbolized this duality. In many ways, the rituals of Sufi gatherings perpetuated this alternation of light and dark, black and white. One such ritual involves covering half the meeting place with black and white cloth. Another is to alternately turn the lamp on and off.
To further illustrate the idea that not everything is as it seems, it is appropriate to mention the famous experiment of the French engineer Augustine Fresnel, staged by him in 1816 at the Paris Academy, as a result of which light, combining with light, gave birth to darkness. He also concluded that light vibrations are transverse.
“Bodies whose absorptive capacity is maximum, i.e. those that absorb all the rays falling on them are called absolutely black. Such bodies are, for example, a thick layer of soot or platinum black; but one should not, generally speaking, imagine an absolute black body as necessarily dark - under certain conditions it can be as light as a white-hot metal (for example, an electrically heated platinum cylinder enclosed in a cylinder of refractory material - the absolutely black body of Lummer and Prinsheim )." (Z. Tseitlin.)
All angels have two faces. In mythology they are usually represented as having a black and white face.
A. Butlerov, professor of chemistry and eminent scientist, points to observations made by John Lubbock regarding the sense of color in ants. This eminent scientist discovered that ants do not allow their eggs to remain in the light and immediately carry them away from the illuminated area to a dark place.
But when a red beam was directed at these eggs (larvae), the ants did not touch them, as if they were in complete darkness: they keep their eggs regardless of whether a red light falls from above or there is complete darkness. The red light does not seem to exist for them: since they do not see it, it is just like darkness for them.
The impressions made on them by bright rays are very weak, especially if they are close to red, that is, in the orange and yellow part of the spectrum. On the contrary, ants seem to be exceptionally susceptible to rays such as cyan, indigo and violet. When their nests were illuminated with partly violet and partly red light, they immediately transferred their eggs from the violet to the red area. Thus, for an ant, the brightest of all the rays of the solar spectrum are violet, so their sense of color is completely opposite to that of a person.
This contrast is further enhanced by another fact. In addition to the visible part of the solar spectrum, it contains so-called thermal rays (infrared) and chemical rays (ultraviolet). We see neither one nor the other and call them invisible rays; the ants perceive them perfectly, because as soon as their eggs are exposed to these invisible rays, the ants drag them out of this completely dark (for us) field into one that is illuminated by red light; thus, for them, chemical rays are violet. “Thanks to this feature, the objects that ants see look completely different to them than to us; It is obvious that these insects reveal colors and shades in nature that we do not and cannot have the slightest idea about. Let us assume for a moment that there are objects in nature that would absorb all the rays of the solar spectrum and would reflect only chemical rays: such objects would remain completely invisible to us, while ants would perceive them very well,” says this professor.” (Page 455, E.P. Blavatskaya, “Tablets of Astral Light”. Moscow: Eksmo Publishing House, 2004)
If we take to its logical conclusion the idea of the existence of black light, which is present, in contrast to white, always and everywhere, then it is not far from creating a material, or rather a coating, capable of intensely reflecting even an insignificant light source. Imagine a room in which the walls and ceiling are illuminated, producing light of the desired intensity and color. This coating does not have external source nutrition. The principle of its operation is based on the correctly developed reflective ability of the material or composition. Imagine workshops that do not require electricity for lighting. The ceiling itself gives off a calm yellow light, the machines glow with a green, non-distracting light. In this case, the need for enhanced lighting of individual places disappears, because all the surfaces surrounding us glow and emit (it would be more correct to say, reflect) as much light as necessary. Scientists should focus on solving this problem. This would eliminate the very possibility of an energy crisis and stop the destruction natural resources planet and, finally, stop a terrible crime on the scale of the Universe - burning electricity Smirnov A.N.
October 31st, 2017The terms dark energy and dark matter are not entirely successful and represent a literal, but not semantic, translation from English. In a physical sense, these terms only imply that these substances do not interact with photons, and they could just as easily be called invisible or transparent matter and energy.
Dark matter in astronomy and cosmology, as well as in theoretical physics, is a hypothetical form of matter that does not emit electromagnetic radiation and does not interact with it. This property of this form of matter makes its direct observation impossible.
The conclusion about the existence of dark matter was made on the basis of numerous, consistent with each other, but indirect signs of the behavior of astrophysical objects and the gravitational effects they create. Discovering the nature of dark matter will help solve the problem of hidden mass, which, in particular, consists of an anomalously high rotation speed external areas galaxies.
Let's find out more about all this...
Dark matter And dark energy- this is something that is not visible to the eye, but their presence has been proven through observations of Universe. Billions of years ago, our Universe was born after the catastrophic Big Bang. As the early Universe slowly cooled, life began to develop within it. As a result, stars, galaxies and other visible parts of it were formed. The size of our Universe is simply stunning. For example, one Sun is enough to illuminate and heat a million planets similar to Earth. Moreover, the Sun is a medium-sized star, and our galaxy alone consists of 100 billion stars. This amount exceeds the number of grains of sand on a small beach. However, that's not all.
As you know, the Universe consists of several billion galaxies, where a wide variety of matter exists. Is it possible that some of these matters are invisible to the eye? Most likely, since recent research has shown that we can only see a tenth of the Universe. This means that a person is simply unable to examine more than 90% of matter, even with the use of special equipment. Astronomers call such matter dark matter.
It is known that dark matter interacts with “luminous” (baryonic) matter, at least in a gravitational manner, and represents a medium with an average cosmological density several times higher than the density of baryons. The latter are captured in gravitational holes of dark matter concentrations. Therefore, although dark matter particles do not interact with light, light is emitted from where the dark matter is. This remarkable property of gravitational instability has made it possible to study the amount, state and distribution of dark matter using observational data from radio to X-rays.
A study published in 2012 of the motions of more than 400 stars located at distances of up to 13,000 light-years from the Sun found no evidence of dark matter in the large volume of space around the Sun. According to theoretical predictions, the average amount of dark matter in the vicinity of the Sun should have been approximately 0.5 kg in volume Globe. However, measurements gave a value of 0.00±0.06 kg of dark matter in this volume. This means that attempts to detect dark matter on Earth, for example through rare interactions of dark matter particles with “ordinary” matter, are unlikely to be successful.
According to observational data from the Planck space observatory published in March 2013, interpreted taking into account the standard Lambda-CDM cosmological model, the total mass-energy of the observable Universe consists of 4.9% ordinary (baryonic) matter, 26.8% dark matter matter and 68.3% from dark energy. Thus, the Universe consists of 95.1% dark matter and dark energy.
The proof of the existence of dark matter is its gravity - the force of gravity, which, like glue, maintains the integrity of the Universe. All parts of the Universe are mutually attracted to each other. Thanks to this, scientists were able to calculate the total mass of the visible Universe, as well as indicators of gravitational forces. During the calculations, a significant imbalance in these parameters was revealed, which gave reason to believe that there is some invisible matter that has a certain mass and is also subject to the effects of gravity.
Study of dark matter In addition, evidence of the existence of dark matter was its gravitational influence on other objects, including the trajectory of stars and galaxies. Many galaxies have been found to be spinning faster than expected. According to A. Einstein's theory of gravity, they should fly apart in different directions. However, something invisible seems to be holding them together.
Dark matter can also affect the path of light. The phenomenon of gravitational lensing was studied, which consists in the fact that dense objects are able to reflect the light of distant objects, changing the trajectory of light flows. This leads to image distortion and the appearance of mirages of stars and galaxies. Scientists record these light bends, but cannot name the nature of this phenomenon.
Dark matter in our Universe can exist in the form of massive astronomical halo objects (MAGOs). These include planets, moons, brown and white dwarfs, dust clouds, neutron stars and black holes. They are generally too small for their light to be detected by humans, but their existence can be calculated through the gravitational effect on light flows. In recent years, astronomers have discovered several types of MAGO objects. They can consist of ordinary baryonic particles, as well as axins, neutrinos, wimpils and supersymmetric dark matter.
Research on dark matter and dark energy
As interest in dark matter continues to grow, new tools are emerging to help gain greater insight into this mysterious phenomenon. Thus, the Hubble Space Telescope has provided very valuable information about the size and mass of the visible Universe. These data became the first and very important step on the way to studying the true amount of dark matter in the Universe.
It is important to understand that the structure of the Universe is not random, and with the help of Hubble you can imagine its structure in detail. It is known for certain that galaxies are located in clusters, and these clusters are located in superclusters. Superclusters of cosmic bodies are located in a spongy structure with extensive voids. Obviously, the formation of such a structure is due to very specific reasons. X-ray telescopes at Chandra Observatory are helping to study the huge clouds of hot gas in these clusters. Scientists have found that dark matter must also be present in these areas, otherwise gas will leak out of the cluster. In addition, new tools are currently being developed that will ultimately help to discern this dark side Universe.
Approaches and methods for studying dark matter particles
What is the Universe made of?
At the moment, scientists around the world are trying in every possible way to discover or obtain artificially in terrestrial conditions particles of dark matter, through specially developed ultra-technological equipment and many different research methods, but so far all the work has not been crowned with success.
One method involves conducting experiments at high-energy accelerators, commonly known as colliders. Scientists, believing that dark matter particles are 100-1000 times heavier than a proton, assume that they will have to be generated in the collision of ordinary particles accelerated to high energies through a collider. The essence of another method is to register dark matter particles found all around us. The main difficulty in registering these particles is that they exhibit very weak interaction with ordinary particles, which are inherently transparent to them. And yet, dark matter particles very rarely collide with atomic nuclei, and there is some hope of registering this phenomenon sooner or later.
There are other approaches and methods for studying dark matter particles, and only time will tell which one will be the first to succeed, but in any case, the discovery of these new particles will be a major scientific achievement.
Substance with anti-gravity
Dark energy is an even more unusual substance than dark matter. It does not have the ability to gather into clumps, as a result of which it is evenly distributed throughout the entire Universe. But its most unusual property at the moment is antigravity.
Thanks to modern astronomical methods, it is possible to determine the rate of expansion of the Universe at the present time and simulate the process of its change earlier in time. As a result of this, information was obtained that at the moment, as well as in the recent past, our Universe is expanding, and the pace of this process is constantly increasing. This is why the hypothesis about the antigravity of dark energy arose, since ordinary gravitational attraction would have a slowing effect on the process of “galaxy recession”, restraining the rate of expansion of the Universe. This phenomenon does not contradict general theory relativity, but dark energy must have negative pressure - a property that no currently known substance has.
Candidates for the role of "Dark Energy"
The mass of the galaxies in the Abel 2744 cluster is less than 5 percent of its total mass. This gas is so hot that it only glows in X-rays (red in this image). The distribution of invisible dark matter (which makes up about 75 percent of the cluster's mass) is colored blue.
One of the supposed candidates for the role of dark energy is vacuum, the energy density of which remains unchanged during the expansion of the Universe and thereby confirms the negative pressure of the vacuum. Another putative candidate is the “quintessence” - a previously unknown ultra-weak field that supposedly passes through the entire Universe. There are also other possible candidates, but not one of them has so far contributed to obtaining an exact answer to the question: what is dark energy? But it is already clear that dark energy is something completely supernatural, remaining the main mystery of fundamental physics of the 21st century.
But look at the process with a hole or, for example, like this in the background
>What's happened dark matter and dark energy The Universe: structure of space with photos, volume in percentage, influence on objects, research, expansion of the Universe.
About 80% of the space is represented by material that is hidden from direct observation. It's about O dark matter– a substance that does not produce energy or light. How did the researchers realize that it was dominant?
In the 1950s, scientists began to actively study other galaxies. During the analyzes they noticed that the Universe is filled big amount material than can be detected by the “visible eye”. Proponents of dark matter emerged every day. Although there was no direct evidence of its existence, theories grew, as did workarounds for observation.
The material we see is called baryonic matter. It is represented by protons, neutrons and electrons. It is believed that dark matter is capable of combining baryonic and non-baryonic matter. For the Universe to remain in its usual integrity, dark matter must be present in an amount of 80%.
The elusive substance can be incredibly difficult to find if it contains baryonic matter. Among the candidates are brown and white dwarfs, as well as neutron stars. Supermassive black holes can also add to the difference. But they must have contributed more influence than what scientists saw. There are those who think that dark matter must consist of something more unusual and rare.
Hubble composite image of a ghostly ring of dark matter in the galaxy cluster Cl 0024+17
Most of scientific world believes that the unknown substance is represented mainly by non-baryonic matter. The most popular candidate is WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles), whose mass is 10-100 times greater than that of a proton. But their interaction with ordinary matter is too weak, making it more difficult to find.
Neutrinos, massive hypothetical particles that are larger in mass than neutrinos, but are characterized by their slowness, are now being examined very carefully. They haven't been found yet. As possible options the smaller neutral axiom and intact photons are also taken into account.
Another possibility is that knowledge about gravity is outdated and needs to be updated.
Invisible dark matter and dark energy
But if we don’t see something, how can we prove that it exists? And why did we decide that dark matter and dark energy are something real?
The mass of large objects is calculated from their spatial movement. In the 1950s, researchers looking at spiral galaxies assumed that material close to the center would move much faster than material farther away. But it turned out that the stars moved at the same speed, which means there was much more more mass than previously thought. The gas studied in elliptical types showed the same results. The same conclusion suggested itself: if we were guided only by visible mass, then galaxy clusters would have collapsed long ago.
Albert Einstein was able to prove that large universal objects are capable of bending and distorting light rays. This allowed them to be used as a natural magnifying lens. By studying this process, scientists were able to create a map of dark matter.
It turns out that most of of our world is represented by a still elusive substance. You will learn more interesting things about dark matter if you watch the video.
Dark matter
Physicist Dmitry Kazakov about the overall energy balance of the Universe, the theory of hidden mass and dark matter particles:
If we talk about matter, then dark matter certainly leads in percentage terms. But overall it takes up only a quarter of everything. The universe abounds dark energy.
Since the Big Bang, space has begun a process of expansion that continues today. The researchers believed that eventually the initial energy would run out and it would slow down. But distant supernovae demonstrate that space does not stop, but picks up speed. All this is only possible if the amount of energy is so huge that it overcomes the gravitational influence.
Dark matter and dark energy: a mystery explained
We know that the Universe is mostly dark energy. This is a mysterious force that causes space to increase the rate of expansion of the Universe. Another mysterious component is dark matter, which maintains contact with objects only through gravity.
Scientists can't see dark matter through direct observation, but the effects can be studied. They manage to capture light that is bent by the gravitational force of invisible objects (gravitational lensing). They also notice moments when the star rotates around the galaxy much faster than it should.
All this is explained by the presence huge amount an elusive substance that affects mass and speed. In fact, this substance is shrouded in mystery. It turns out that researchers can rather say not what is in front of them, but what “it” is not.
This collage shows images of six different galaxy clusters taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The clusters were discovered during attempts to study the behavior of dark matter in galaxy clusters during their collision
Dark matter... dark. It does not produce light and is not observable in direct view. Therefore, we exclude stars and planets.
It does not act as a cloud of ordinary matter (such particles are called baryons). If baryons were present in dark matter, it would show up in direct observation.
We also exclude black holes, because they act as gravitational lenses that emit light. Scientists don't observe sufficient quantity lensing events to calculate the volume of dark matter that must be present.
Although the Universe is a huge place, it all began with the smallest structures. It is believed that dark matter began to condense to create "building blocks" with normal matter, producing the first galaxies and clusters.
To find dark matter, scientists use various methods:
- The Large Hadron Collider.
- instruments like WNAP and the Planck space observatory.
- direct view experiments: ArDM, CDMS, Zeplin, XENON, WARP and ArDM.
- indirect detection: gamma ray detectors (Fermi), neutrino telescopes (IceCube), antimatter detectors (PAMELA), X-ray and radio sensors.
Methods for searching for dark matter
Physicist Anton Baushev on weak interactions between particles, radioactivity and the search for traces of annihilation:
Delving deeper into the mystery of dark matter and dark energy
Not once have scientists been able to literally see dark matter because it does not contact baryonic matter, which means it remains elusive to light and other types of electromagnetic radiation. But researchers are confident of its presence as they monitor the impact on galaxies and clusters.
Standard physics says that stars located at the edges of a spiral galaxy should slow down. But it turns out that stars appear whose speed does not obey the principle of location in relation to the center. This can only be explained by the fact that the stars feel the influence of invisible dark matter in the halo around the galaxy.
The presence of dark matter can also decipher some of the illusions observed in the depths of the universe. For example, the presence of strange rings and arcs of light in galaxies. That is, light from distant galaxies passes through the distortion and is amplified by an invisible layer of dark matter (gravitational lensing).
So far we have a few ideas about what dark matter is. the main idea- These are exotic particles that do not come into contact with ordinary matter and light, but have power in the gravitational sense. Now several groups (some using the Large Hadron Collider) are working on creating dark matter particles to study in the laboratory.
Others think the influence can be explained by a fundamental modification of gravitational theory. Then we get several forms of gravity, which differs significantly from the usual picture and the laws established by physics.
The Expanding Universe and Dark Energy
The situation with dark energy is even more confusing and the discovery itself became unpredictable in the 1990s. Physicists have always thought that the force of gravity works to slow down and one day may stop the process of universal expansion. Two teams took on the task of measuring the speed and both, to their surprise, detected acceleration. It's like you throw an apple into the air and know that it is bound to fall down, but it moves further and further away from you.
It became clear that acceleration was influenced by a certain force. Moreover, it seems that the wider the Universe, the more “power” this force gains. Scientists decided to call it dark energy.
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