The heaviest rockets in the world. Intercontinental ballistic missiles - TOP10
On November 23, 1972, the last fourth launch of the N-1 super-heavy launch vehicle was carried out. All four launches were unsuccessful, and after four years, work on the N-1 was discontinued. Launch weight this rocket was 2,735 tons. We decided to talk about the five heaviest space rockets ah in the world.
The Soviet H-1 super-heavy launch vehicle has been developed since the mid-1960s at OKB-1 under the leadership of Sergei Korolev. The mass of the rocket was 2735 tons. Initially, it was intended to launch a heavy orbital station into low-Earth orbit with the prospect of ensuring the assembly of a heavy interplanetary spacecraft for flights to Venus and Mars. Since the USSR entered into the “lunar race” with the USA, the N1 program was accelerated and reoriented for the flight to the Moon.
However, all four test launches of the N-1 were unsuccessful during the first stage operation. In 1974, the Soviet manned lunar landing program was effectively closed before achieving the target result, and in 1976, work on the N-1 was also officially closed.
"Saturn-5"
The American Saturn 5 launch vehicle remains the highest lifting, most powerful, heaviest (2965 tons) and largest of the existing rockets that have launched a payload into orbit. It was created by rocket designer Wernher von Braun. The rocket could launch 141 tons of payload into low Earth orbit and 47 tons of payload onto the trajectory to the Moon.
Saturn 5 was used to implement the American lunar mission program, including the first manned landing on the Moon on July 20, 1969, as well as to launch the Skylab orbital station into low-Earth orbit.
"Energy"
"Energy" - Soviet launch vehicle super-heavy class (2400 tons), developed by NPO Energia. She was one of the most powerful missiles in the world.
Was created as a universal promising rocket to perform various tasks: a carrier for the Buran spacecraft, a carrier for supporting manned and automatic expeditions to the Moon and Mars, for launching orbital stations new generation, etc. The first rocket launch took place in 1987, the last in 1988.
"Arian 5"
Ariane 5 is a European launch vehicle of the Ariane family, designed to launch a payload into a low reference orbit (LEO) or geotransfer orbit (GTO). The mass of the rocket is not so large compared to Soviet and American ones - 777 tons. It is produced by the European Space Agency. The Ariane 5 launch vehicle is ESA's main launch vehicle and will remain so for at least until 2015. For the period 1995–2007 43 launches were made, of which 39 were successful.
"Proton"
"Proton" (UR-500, "Proton-K", "Proton-M") - a heavy-class launch vehicle (705 tons), designed for launching automatic spacecraft into Earth's orbit and further into outer space. Developed in 1961–1967 in the OKB-23 division (now the M.V. Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center).
“Proton” was the means of launching all Soviet and Russian orbital stations “Salyut-DOS” and “Almaz”, modules of the “Mir” and ISS stations, planned to be manned spaceships TKS and L-1/Zond (Soviet lunar flyby program), as well as heavy satellites for various purposes and interplanetary stations.
Today, August 29, at an air force base in California, USA, the latest secret American technology was launched - the Delta IV spy satellite. The object is the most powerful rocket in the entire history of mankind. Its height is 71 meters, engine performance is 17 million horsepower, and one start of the monster cost the USA one million dollars.
Source: dailymail.co.uk
America has always been different special treatment To world organizations and their large-scale events. Therefore, the owners of the most powerful rocket in the world decided to launch it on August 29th - the International Day of Action against nuclear tests. The funny thing is that the States have never admitted what the purpose of the development, construction and launch of Delta IV was.
Source: dailymail.co.uk
The men's online magazine MPORT remembers that not only the States have more powerful weapon. There are many more countries in the world that can also boast intercontinental ballistic missiles. Find out what you, a peaceful inhabitant of planet Earth, should be most afraid of?
The most mobile - Topol-M
Source: waronline.com
Manufacturer - Russia, first launch was carried out in 1994. Launch weight - 46 and a half tons. It is considered the basis of Russian nuclear weapons.
The most protected - Yars RS-24
Source: waronline.com
Manufacturer - Russia, first launch - in 2007. Flight range - 11 thousand kilometers. Unlike Topol-M, it has multiple warheads. In addition to combat units, Yars also carries a set of breakthrough weapons missile defense, which makes it much more difficult for the enemy to detect and intercept it. This innovation makes the RS-24 the most successful combat missile in the context of global deployment American system PRO. And you can even place it on a railway carriage.
The heaviest - R-36M Satan
Source: waronline.com
First launch - 1970, weight - 211 tons, flight range - 11,200 - 16,000 kilometers. Missile systems located in silos cannot be too light by definition. Satan simply broke the record of all heavyweights.
The most accurate - Trident II D5
Source: waronline.com
Manufacturer - USA, first launched in 1987. Weight - 58 tons, flight range - 11,300 kilometers. Trident is based on submarines, and is capable of maximum high accuracy hit protected intercontinental ballistic missile silos and protected command posts.
The fastest - Minuteman LGM-30G
Source: waronline.com
Manufacturer - USA, first launch - 1966. The mass of the rocket is 35 and a half tons. Range - 13,000 kilometers. This missile is believed to be one of the fastest ICBMs in the world and can accelerate to more than 24 thousand kilometers per hour during the terminal phase of flight.
The most sophisticated - MX (LGM-118A) Peacekeeper
Source: waronline.com
Manufacturer - USA, first launched in 1983. Weight - 88.44 tons, flight range - 9600 kilometers. The heavy intercontinental ballistic missile Peacemaker is simply the embodiment latest technologies. For example, the use of composite materials. It also has a higher hit accuracy, and - which is especially characteristic - increased “survivability” of the missile under nuclear conditions.
The very first - R-7
10. France, P51
The M51 missile was put into service by the French in 2010. It is installed on Triomphant class submarines. Capable of covering a distance of 10 thousand km, having on board from six to 10 warheads with a capacity of 100 kilotons. Probable Deviation is 150–200 meters. The M51 is difficult to intercept, which is why it deserves to be on this list.
9. China, Dong Feng 31
This missile has been in service in China since 2006. It is capable of carrying a large 1 megaton warhead over a distance of 8 thousand km. The probable deviation is 300 m. The improved version already has three 150 kt warheads and a distance of 11 thousand km with a probable deviation of 150 m. This weapon can be moved and launched from mobile launch vehicle and that is why it poses a serious danger.
8. Russia, "Topol-M"
The Russian Ministry of Defense introduced Topol-M back in 1997. The missile can be fired from a bunker or from a mobile launch vehicle. It is armed with an 800 kt warhead, but can be equipped with six warheads and decoys. Speed 7.3 km per second. The probable deviation is 200 meters. All this makes it very effective and practically undetectable.
7. USA, LGM-30G Minuteman III
The Americans introduced this system back in 1970, but later modernized it. This is a ground-based ICBM that is capable of moving at a speed of 8 km per second. The probable deviation is less than 200 meters. The missile is capable of delivering a warhead with a yield of 375–400 kt.
6. Russia, RSM 56 "Bulava"
It is this rocket that allows us to catch up with the Americans in the field of development naval weapons. "Bulava" is designed for new submarine Borei-class. In service since 2013. It is equipped with six 150 kt warheads, but can carry 10 warheads. Also on board there may be decoys, which allow you to deceive the missile defense system. Range - 8 thousand km, probable deviation 300–350 meters.
5. Russia, R-29RMU2 "Liner"
The system was put into operation in 2014. This is an updated version of the previous Sineva SLBM. It was developed to make up for some of the shortcomings of the Bulava. The range of the "Liner" is 11 thousand km. It can carry 12 warheads of 100 kt each. Moreover, some of them can be replaced by false targets. The probable deviation is classified.
4. USA, UGM-133 Trident II
Trident II - hello from the 90s, but updated and modernized. This SLBM was capable of carrying 14 warheads, but after improvements their number was reduced to five (with a yield of 475 kt each). The range depends on the load and varies from 7.8 thousand km to 11 thousand. The probable deviation is only 120 meters, which makes it one of the most accurate nuclear missiles in the world.
3. China, DF-5/5A
Chinese armed forces This system was introduced back in 1981, but since then it has remained a leader in terms of efficiency. This ICBM is capable of carrying a 5 megaton warhead over a distance of 12 thousand km. The deviation in this case can be 1 km. This missile has one goal - to destroy cities. IN recent years The PRC has improved the DF-5, increasing its range. In addition, the missile can now carry several warheads, and the deviation, according to some sources, is only 300 meters.
2. Russia, R-36M2 "Voevoda"
In the West this rocket is called "Satan". It was launched in 1974, but has undergone many changes since then. The latest modernization made it possible to install up to 10 750 kt warheads on the Voevoda. Range - 11 thousand km. Speed - 8 km per second. The probable deviation is 220 meters. These weapons were of greatest concern to the Pentagon before March 1, 2018.
1. Russia, R-36 "Sarmat"
Currently, the Ministry of Defense together with enterprises rocket and space industry began the active testing phase of a new missile complex with a heavy intercontinental missile - "Sarmat". Range new rocket and the number of warheads is greater than that of the Voevoda. "Sarmat" will be equipped with a wide range nuclear weapons high power, including hypersonic. And the most modern systems overcoming missile defense.
Since the first flight into space, man has strived to create the most powerful rockets and deliver as much cargo as possible into orbit. Let's compare all the heaviest launch vehicles in human history.
On November 23, 1972, the last fourth launch of the N-1 super-heavy launch vehicle was carried out. All four launches were unsuccessful, and after four years, work on the N-1 was discontinued. The launch mass of this rocket was 2,735 tons. We decided to talk about the five heaviest space rockets in the world.
The Soviet H-1 super-heavy launch vehicle has been developed since the mid-1960s at OKB-1 under the leadership of Sergei Korolev. The mass of the rocket was 2735 tons. Initially, it was intended to launch a heavy orbital station into low-Earth orbit with the prospect of ensuring the assembly of a heavy interplanetary spacecraft for flights to Venus and Mars. Since the USSR entered into the “lunar race” with the USA, the N1 program was accelerated and reoriented for the flight to the Moon.
However, all four test launches of the N-1 were unsuccessful during the first stage operation. In 1974, the Soviet manned lunar landing program was effectively closed before achieving the target result, and in 1976, work on the N-1 was also officially closed.
"Saturn-5"
The American Saturn 5 launch vehicle remains the highest lifting, most powerful, heaviest (2965 tons) and largest of the existing rockets that have launched a payload into orbit. It was created by rocket designer Wernher von Braun. The rocket could launch 141 tons of payload into low Earth orbit and 47 tons of payload onto the trajectory to the Moon.
Saturn 5 was used to implement the American lunar mission program, including the first manned landing on the Moon on July 20, 1969, as well as to launch the Skylab orbital station into low-Earth orbit.
"Energy"
"Energia" is a Soviet super-heavy launch vehicle (2400 tons), developed by NPO Energia. It was one of the most powerful rockets in the world.
It was created as a universal promising rocket to perform various tasks: a carrier for the Buran spacecraft, a carrier for supporting manned and automatic expeditions to the Moon and Mars, for launching new generation orbital stations, etc. The first rocket launch took place in 1987, the last in 1988.
"Arian 5"
Ariane 5 is a European launch vehicle of the Ariane family, designed to launch a payload into a low reference orbit (LEO) or geotransfer orbit (GTO). The mass of the rocket is not so large compared to Soviet and American ones - 777 tons. It is produced by the European Space Agency. The Ariane 5 launch vehicle is ESA's primary launch vehicle and will remain so at least until 2015. For the period 1995–2007 43 launches were made, of which 39 were successful.
"Proton"
"Proton" (UR-500, "Proton-K", "Proton-M") is a heavy-class launch vehicle (705 tons), designed to launch automatic spacecraft into Earth orbit and further into outer space. Developed in 1961–1967 in the OKB-23 division (now the M.V. Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center).
Intercontinental ballistic missiles(ICBs) are the main means nuclear deterrence. The following countries have this type of weapon: Russia, USA, Great Britain, France, China. Israel does not deny the presence of these types of missiles, but does not officially confirm it either, but it has the capabilities and known developments to create such a missile.
Below is a list of intercontinental ballistic missiles ranked by maximum range.
1. P-36M (SS-18 Satan), Russia (USSR) - 16,000 km
- The P-36M (SS-18 Satan) is an intercontinental missile with the world's longest range - 16,000 km. Hit accuracy 1300 meters.
- Launch weight 183 tons. The maximum range is achieved with a warhead mass of up to 4 tons, with a warhead mass of 5825 kg, the missile’s flight range is 10200 kilometers. The missile can be equipped with multiple and monoblock warheads. To protect against missile defense (BMD), when approaching the affected area, the missile throws out decoy targets for the BMD. The rocket was developed at the Yuzhnoye design bureau named after. M. K. Yangelya, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. The main missile base is silo-based.
- The first R-36Ms entered the USSR Strategic Missile Forces in 1978.
- The rocket is two-stage, with liquid rocket engines providing a speed of about 7.9 km/sec. Withdrawn from service in 1982, replaced by a next-generation missile based on the R-36M, but with increased accuracy and the ability to overcome missile defense systems. Currently, the rocket is used for peaceful purposes, to launch satellites into orbit. The created civilian rocket was named Dnepr.
2. DongFeng 5A (DF-5A), China - 13,000 km.
- DongFeng 5A (NATO reporting name: CSS-4) has the longest flight range among the Chinese Army ICBMs. Its flight range is 13,000 km.
- The missile was designed to be capable of hitting targets within the Continental United States (CONUS). The DF-5A missile entered service in 1983.
- The missile can carry six warheads weighing 600 kg each.
- The inertial guidance system and on-board computers ensure the desired direction of the rocket's flight. Rocket engines are two-stage with liquid fuel.
3. R-29RMU2 Sineva (RSM-54, according to NATO classification SS-N-23 Skiff), Russia - 11,547 kilometers
- The R-29RMU2 Sineva, also known as the RSM-54 (NATO code name: SS-N-23 Skiff), is a third generation intercontinental ballistic missile. The main basing of missiles is submarines. Sineva showed maximum range 11,547 kilometers during testing.
- The missile entered service in 2007 and is expected to be in use until 2030. The missile is capable of carrying from four to ten individually targetable warheads. Used for flight control Russian system GLONASS. Targets are hit with high precision.
- The rocket is three-stage, liquid jet engines are installed.
4. UGM-133A Trident II (D5), USA - 11,300 kilometers
- The UGM-133A Trident II is an intercontinental ballistic missile designed for submarine deployment.
- Currently, missile submarines are based on the Ohio (USA) and Vanguard (UK) submarines. In the United States, this missile will be in service until 2042.
- The first launch of UGM-133A was carried out from the Cape Canaveral launch site in January 1987. The missile entered service with the US Navy in 1990. The UGM-133A can be equipped with eight warheads for various purposes.
- The missile is equipped with three solid-fuel rocket engines, providing a flight range of up to 11,300 kilometers. It is highly reliable; during testing, 156 launches were carried out and only 4 of them were unsuccessful, and 134 consecutive launches were successful.
5. DongFeng 31 (DF-31A), China - 11,200 km
- The DongFeng 31A or DF-31A (NATO reporting name: CSS-9 Mod-2) is a Chinese intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 11,200 kilometers.
- The modification was developed on the basis of the DF-31 missile.
- The DF-31A missile has been operational since 2006. Based on the Julang-2 (JL-2) submarines. Modifications of missiles with ground-based on the mobile launcher (TEL).
- The three-stage rocket has a launch weight of 42 tons and is equipped with solid propellant rocket engines.
6. RT-2PM2 “Topol-M”, Russia - 11,000 km
- RT-2PM2 "Topol-M", according to NATO classification - SS-27 Sickle B with a range of about 11,000 kilometers, is an improved version of the Topol ICBM. The rocket is installed on mobile launchers, and the option can also be used mine-based.
- The total mass of the rocket is 47.2 tons. It was developed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Produced at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. This is Russia's first ICBM to be developed after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
- A rocket in flight can withstand powerful radiation, electromagnetic pulse And nuclear explosion in close proximity. There is also protection against high-energy lasers. During flight, it performs maneuvers thanks to additional engines.
- Three-stage rocket engines use solid fuel, maximum speed rockets 7,320 meters/sec. Testing of the missile began in 1994 and was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces in 2000.
7. LGM-30G Minuteman III, USA - 10,000 km
- The LGM-30G Minuteman III has an estimated flight range of 6,000 kilometers to 10,000 kilometers, depending on the type of warhead. This missile entered service in 1970 and is the world's oldest missile in service. It is also the only silo-based missile in the United States.
- The first launch of the rocket took place in February 1961, modifications II and III were launched in 1964 and 1968, respectively.
- The rocket weighs about 34,473 kilograms and is equipped with three solid propellant engines. Rocket flight speed 24,140 km/h
8. M51, France - 10,000 km
- M51 is a missile intercontinental range. Designed for basing and launching from submarines.
- Produced by EADS Astrium Space Transportation, for French navy. Designed to replace the M45 ICBM.
- The rocket entered service in 2010.
- Based on Triomphant-class submarines of the French Navy.
- Its combat range is from 8,000 km to 10,000 km. An improved version with new nuclear warheads is scheduled to enter service in 2015.
- The M51 weighs 50 tons and can carry six individually targetable warheads.
- The rocket uses a solid propellant engine.
9. UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto), Russia - 10,000 km
- UR-100N, according to START treaty- RS-18A, according to NATO classification - SS-19 mod.1 Stiletto. This is an ICBM fourth generation, which is in service with the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.
- The UR-100N entered service in 1975 and is expected to be in service until 2030.
- Can carry up to six individually targetable warheads. It uses an inertial target guidance system.
- The missile is two-stage, silo-based. Rocket engines use liquid rocket fuel.
10. RSM-56 Bulava, Russia - 10,000 km
- Bulava or RSM-56 (NATO code name: SS-NX-32) new intercontinental missile, designed for deployment on Russian Navy submarines. The missile has a flight range of up to 10,000 km and is designed for Borei class nuclear submarines.
- The Bulava missile entered service in January 2013. Each missile can carry from six to ten separate nuclear warheads. The total useful delivered weight is approximately 1,150 kg.
- The rocket uses solid fuel for the first two stages and liquid fuel for the third stage.