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Hello, dear editors! I have a question about the size of my pension. At the beginning of September this year I celebrated my 60th birthday. I was assigned a pension of 9264.60 rubles. With 40 years of work experience, I expected more. That's why I continue to work now. No matter how I tried to figure out for myself whether my pension was calculated correctly, I still did not understand where this amount came from. My data is as follows: as of 01/01/2002, my experience was 32 full years, including 21 years before 01/01/1991. Average monthly salary for 2000 - 2001 amounted to 2795.60 rubles. according to an extract from my personal account with the Pension Fund (calculated at the reception by a specialist from the pension department). Insurance contributions from 01/01/2002 until the day the pension was assigned (I also found this amount in the statement) - 383,705 rubles. Please explain to me how such a pension was calculated for me. A. I. Seregin.
WHAT IS THE CALCULATION FORMULA?
Let me remind you that starting from January 1, 2010, the old-age labor pension (denoted by the symbol P) for citizens who began working before January 1, 2002, is determined by the formula: P = FBI + SCH1 + CH2 + .SV.
FBI is a fixed basic pension amount, it is set by the state in a fixed amount.
SCH1 is the insurance part of the pension, which is calculated from length of service and earnings for the period of work until 2002.
SCH2 - the insurance part of the pension, which is calculated from the amounts of the employer's insurance contributions for the period of work from 2002 to the date of assignment of the pension.
SV - the amount of valorization, determined as a percentage of SP1. This percentage depends on full years length of service until 1991
At the last indexation of labor pensions from February 1, 2011, the FBI old-age labor pension was set at 2963.07 rubles.
Now let’s calculate the remaining terms in the calculation formula.
SC = 0.55 (for 25 years of work for a man before 2002) + 0.07 (for 7 years of work beyond 25 years) = 0.62.
Now we calculate the ratio of the average monthly salary of the reader to the average salary in the country for the same period.
The average salary in Russia (ZP) for 2000 and 2001, according to statistics, amounted to 1494.5 rubles.
It turns out that the ratio of earnings (ZR) to the average salary in the country (ZP) for the same period is:
Salary: Salary = 2795.60 rub.: 1494.50 rub. = 1.87.
As you can see, Seryogin’s salary ratio is favorable - higher than the maximum possible ratio of 1.2 provided for pensions for work under normal conditions.
An exception is established by law only for “northerners”. For them it can be higher - from 1.4 to 1.9 (depending on the type of work in which region of the North the pension is awarded).
Art. thirty Federal Law“On labor pensions in the Russian Federation”
It should be recalled that the Government of the Russian Federation, for calculating pension capital, on January 1, 2002, established the average monthly salary in the Russian Federation (the same for everyone). It is 1671 rubles.
The size of SCH1 as of 01/01/2002 is calculated using the formula:
SCH1 = SK x (ZR:ZP) x 1671 rub. - 450 rub.
450 rub. - the size of the basic part of the pension as of January 1, 2002 (it is also the same for all pensioners).
Based on this, SCH1 as of 01/01/2002 = (0.62x1.2x1671 rubles) - 450 rubles. = 793.22 rub.
To do this, we index (increase) the amount of SCH1 received as of January 1, 2002 by all indexation coefficients of pension capital from 2002 to 2011.
SCH1 on the date of pension assignment = 793.22 rubles. x 4.2542 = 3374.52 rub.
The third component of the pension is SCH2. To calculate it, the insurance premiums accrued by the employer on the date of pension assignment must be divided by the number of “months of survival”. From the letter we know that its author’s amount of accrued insurance premiums, taking into account indexations, as of the date of appointment amounted to 383,705 rubles.
The size of the expected payment period (T) depends on the year the retirement pension was assigned.
For the purpose of pensions in 2011, it is set at 224 months. Thus, the size of the question author’s SB2 was:
SC2 = RUB 383,705: 204 months. = 1880.91 rub.
Table average wages in the RSFSR in 1970 - 90.
AMOUNT OF VALORIZATION
Knowing SCH1, we can now determine another component of the pension - the valorization amount (SV).
First, we calculate the percentage of valorization of reader Seryogin’s pension: 10% (for having experience before 2002) + 21% (for 21 years of experience before 1991) = 31% (0, 31).
SV = 3374.52 rub. (size SCh1) x 0.31 = 1046.10 rub.
SUMMARIZE
We add up the amounts received and get the size of the pension of our reader A.I. Seregin:
P = 2963.07 + 3374.52 + 1880.91 + 1046.10 = 9264.60 rub.
IF IN 2000-2001 YOU DID NOT HAVE A SALARY...
It may turn out that 2000-2001. for some reason you did not work or your average salary during this period was less than 1,794 rubles. (the average salary in the country over these years is 1494.50 rubles x 1.2). Then you will have to submit a salary certificate for any 60 months before January 1, 2002.
The pension amount takes into account the ratio of the pensioner’s salary to the national average for the same period.
You can determine the profitable period yourself by comparing the data from the certificate with the statistical average (see tables 1 and 2).
Let's say your 60-month salary certificate was issued for the period of work from July 1, 1979 to June 30, 1984. We add up all the accrued wages from the salary certificate and divide by 60 months.
After such simple calculations, it turns out, for example, that your average salary over these years was 198.50 rubles.
Now we determine the average salary in the country for the same period from the table.
Average salary in the Russian Federation from the table for the period from 07/01/1979 to 06/30/1984 = (168.4 rubles x 6 months + 174.0 rubles x 12 months +178.3 x 12 + 184, 0 x 12 + 188.3 x 12 + 193.2 rub. x b month): 60 months. = 181.08 rub.
We calculate the ratio of earnings that will be taken into account in the pension:
198.50:181.08 = 1.096 (and the maximum according to the law is 1.2). What to do in such a situation? Try to find a more profitable option for earning money over another 5 years.
Average salary table in the Russian Federation
to calculate the amount of pension from 1991 to 2001.
Cash |
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Years |
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February |
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April |
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June |
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data
2. They use memories of how their grandmothers, grandfathers, fathers and mothers allegedly received 120 rubles in salaries everywhere. Most shining example- this is a heartbreaking story about one grandfather-veteran, who was a top-class turner(!) at a factory, worked three shifts(!) and at the same time allegedly received 90(!) rubles a month. It's obvious nonsense. Those. the subjective is more important than the objective.
3. After all these arguments, the last argument comes into play: that there was nothing to buy with Soviet money anyway, and therefore everything soviet people They always walked around naked and hungry, even if they received significantly more than 120 rubles a month.
It is impossible to respond to these arguments rationally. People who believe in something believe in spite of all facts (I believe because it is absurd), and therefore my post today is addressed to rational people and for whom facts are important, not fantasies. The first diagram shows the distribution of the number of workers and employees by wages in the RSFSR and the USSR in 1986:
As can be seen from the diagram in the RSFSR in 1986, less than 120 rubles. 22% of workers and employees received per month. In the USSR 26.2%. All others, i.e. the overwhelming majority received more than the notorious 120 rubles.
Even in the memoirs, teachers appeared as the main victims of the “bloody Soviet regime” after the collective farmers. Let's look at how much teachers and other education workers received:
Rubles | April 1987 in % |
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April 1984 | April 1987 |
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Teachers of grades 1-3 | |||
Teachers IV-X(XI) classes | |||
Teachers of secondary special education educational institutions | |||
Teachers of vocational schools | |||
Masters of industrial training | |||
School directors | |||
Directors of secondary specialized educational institutions | |||
Directors of vocational schools |
A serious increase in wages after 1984 is visible. By the way, this was the merit of K.U. Chernenko, who did not manage to be remembered for anything else as Secretary General of the CPSU.
Here are the average salaries of collective farmers:
And to finish the topic 120 rubles. Many say that he or his parents had a salary/rate of 120 rubles. Here they are absolutely right: many bets started with this figure. But this was only the salary rate. The salary was, as a rule, 1.5 times higher. What did it consist of:
Composition of the wage fund for industrial employees (engineers and managers) by type of payment (in%)
The salary was 55-60% of the entire salary of a Soviet engineer. That is, if your salary was 120 rubles, then you received 180-190 rubles in your hands. This is exactly what happened to me in 1986, when I worked in a factory design bureau, where my salary was 156 rubles, and I received from 180 to 260 rubles. per month. And, by the way, we didn’t have any equalization. There was some equalization at the level of salaries, but everything above the salaries was based on the employee’s usefulness. Therefore, a bored girl technologist immediately after university received, for example, much less than me: a young, active inventor and innovator or another valuable specialist in a design bureau.
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Placement of emphasis: SALARY of a teacher in the USSR
SALARY of a teacher in the USSR. The salary system is based on socialist. the principle of equal pay for equal work, regardless of the age, gender, race, nationality of the teacher, place of work (union republic, city or village, primary or secondary school), discipline taught.
The criterion for the amount of labor expended by a teacher is the number of lessons given to him. hours. In grades 1 - 4, the teacher must give at least 4 lessons. hours a day, or 24 hours a week, in grades 5 - 11, 3 and 18 hours, respectively. For this, the teacher is paid one rate. Salary rates are set taking into account the teacher’s education, regardless of what discipline he teaches and in what class, and pedagogical education. length of service (see table). Communist party and Sov. The government is constantly concerned about improving the financial situation of the teacher. The 4th session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 6th convocation (1964) adopted a law on increasing the salaries of teachers.
School heads (director and his deputies) receive a salary taking into account education, pedagogical length of service and number of years of schooling. Official salaries these employees receive raises if there are extended-day groups at the school, for managing a boarding school, educational and consulting center, in schools with special treatment etc. The salary rate is increased for teachers who have the title of Honored Teacher or Honored Master of Sports, or an academic degree of Candidate or Doctor of Science, as well as those working in the Far North, in remote and equivalent areas, in schools, in Much teaching is carried out on foreign language, and in schools with special regimes (schools for the blind, deaf and dumb, mentally retarded children, etc.).
Uch. work performed in excess of the established hours or as a substitute for another teacher is additionally remunerated for each student. hour. In addition, there is a fee for checking notebooks and written assignments study, head of school office and laboratory, leadership of school clubs, experienced agricultural workers. sections, classroom management, starting from grade 5, conducting library work (in the absence of a special position).
The salary fund for school teachers is determined on the basis of tariff lists, i.e., data on the position held, education, teaching. experience, etc.
Salary is paid monthly regardless of the number of weeks and working days in different months throughout the year, with the exception of teacher illness days. During these days, temporary disability benefits are provided at the expense of social insurance funds. When tariff indicators change (increase in teaching experience, graduation from an educational institution, award academic degree, awarding the title of honored. teacher or honorary master of sports) a higher rate is established from the date of presentation of the relevant document, and for teachers who received the title - from the day it was awarded, when awarding an academic degree - from the day the decision to issue the diploma was made. Salary is paid to teachers: city schools (working villages) - 2 times a month, rural schools - 1 time a month. Teachers in rural schools are paid their salaries, as a rule, from the district budget. To ensure its timely payment, the necessary amounts can be reserved (accumulated) on the current account of the district budget. In addition, for these needs, targeted budget reserves are created in regional budgets by decisions of the Councils of Ministers of the Union Republics.
The middle class had to practically starve, while their opponents talk about amazing rich life. Let's try to figure out how it really happened.
What was considered the average salary in the USSR?
It will not be easy to answer this question unequivocally, because the USSR existed for many decades, and salaries changed almost every year. Moreover, the first 30 years (from 1917 to 1947) were very difficult - the consequences of the First World War, Civil War, collectivization, Great Patriotic War. It’s a miracle that the country did not cease to exist after such upheavals!
Therefore, let's start with more recent times, when the country more or less recovered after all these terrible shocks. So, what is the average salary in the USSR by year?
In 1960 it was 73 rubles. Ten years later, in 1970, it was 121 rubles. For 1980, this figure increased to 174. And just before the collapse of a powerful power - 303 rubles.
Probably someone will note that the growth is not too big - only a few rubles a year. However, it is worth considering the fact that the increase was net. That is, it did not generate inflation. Nowadays, the situation is completely different - as soon as wages increase in some area, prices for products, services, and travel immediately increase. public transport And all the rest. As a result, the people are only getting poorer, and inflation is rapidly “eating up” all the growth. When the average salary increased during the USSR period, prices remained unchanged. Therefore, every time the salary increased by a ruble, this ruble actually made it possible to purchase something new, which a year ago
How much did representatives of different professions earn?
Now let's talk about how it changed depending on the area of work. Moreover, such an average salary in the USSR for calculating pensions can be useful for people who started working at a time when Soviet Union still existed.
Private conscript service received 7 rubles - a small amount, but it was enough for pleasant little things, and the army supplied him with everything else.
The average scholarship at the university was 40 rubles. And it was quite possible to live on it, although from hand to mouth, and even invite the girl you liked on a date to an inexpensive cafe or to the cinema. Moreover, without taking into account the help from parents - not many in those days spoiled twenty-year-old “children”, trying to accustom them to complete independence.
Arriving at production, a young specialist could immediately count on a salary of 65 to 130 rubles - this was already quite good; he could live while allowing himself many amenities.
Nurses received an average of 80 rubles.
What was the average salary of an engineer in the USSR? A specialist who did not have 3 years of experience received 150 rubles - very good money for those times. And then, with increasing experience, the salary constantly grew - this money was quite enough to support a family of 4-5 people.
Teachers had good salaries. Managers primary classes received approximately 140 rubles in 1984. Subject teachers earned more - around 172 rubles. And this is already significantly more than the average salary in the country. Moreover, when the conversation was about 172 rubles, it was meant that teachers in Moscow and in a remote village in Siberia received approximately this amount (plus or minus 10-20 rubles). Today one can only dream of such equality.
The military had very good salaries - quite rightly, because they could go to the front line at any moment, risking their lives to protect the country and people. Therefore, the young lieutenant had a salary of at least 250 rubles.
Surprisingly, in the highest echelons of power the salary was significantly higher than that of common man, but it cannot be called astronomical. Thus, a minister in a union republic received about 600 rubles. And the Minister of the USSR - about 800 rubles. Yes, about 10 times more than a nurse, almost 6 times more than a young engineer. But compare that to modern differences, when a teacher in a provincial town receives 8 thousand rubles, and the number of zeros in the salary of the Minister of Education is difficult to count.
How did wages change depending on the region?
The USSR was the most big country in history. Of course, the salaries of the same specialist in the Baltics, the Far North, Moscow, Uzbekistan and Far East differed significantly. As, indeed, prices - after all, many people remember those times when prices for everyday products varied across three zones.
Residents of the Baltic states had the highest salaries. Also, many men sought to move to the north - here it was possible to earn as much in six months as in other regions in several years. True, working conditions in these harsh places were extremely tough.
In general, the average salary former republics The USSR was very different. In addition to the Baltic countries, they earned a lot in Armenia and Georgia. Earnings were significantly lower in Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The RSFSR, Belarus, Ukraine and Turkmenistan were approximately in the middle.
What could you buy with a ruble?
And now we come to one of the most interesting and important issues. After all, it’s not enough to know what the average salary was in the USSR. It is also necessary to have an idea of purchasing power - otherwise it is difficult to imagine the wealth of people.
Let's start with the fact that pennies were not only in use, but also had real value! So, with just one penny you could buy a glass of soda (though without syrup), a pencil or a box of matches. By spending two kopecks, you could make a phone call, buy a 12-sheet school notebook, a newspaper, or order it from a cafe. sweet tea.
With 10 kopecks, a Soviet citizen could purchase a serving of berry ice cream, a kilogram of potatoes, a bottle of soda, a bar of hematogen, a jar of cosmetic Vaseline "Mink", a set contour maps for geography 9-10 grades. He could also make a splash by taking a taxi ride (no more than 1 kilometer) or eating a sausage sandwich in a cafe.
50 kopecks was already quite a good amount. That’s how much a pack of OPAL, Apollo, or even Bulgarian TU-154 cigarettes cost. And for half a ruble you could order set lunch in the dining room - not particularly refined, but quite tasty and satisfying, definitely without flavor enhancers. This amount was enough to please a child by buying him a set of plasticine of 12 colors.
Finally, the ruble. Having it, many housewives boldly went to the store for groceries if it was not planned large purchases. When visiting the dining room, you could "go wild" by ordering the first and second courses, a glass of sour cream, two compotes and a sweet bun. The soldering iron and lipstick cost that much. You could buy a pack of pipe tobacco or 100 meters of fishing line. Arriving at a grocery store, for this amount a citizen could immediately buy a kilogram of potatoes, a loaf of white bread, a bottle of soda, half a liter of milk, a kilogram of salt and the same amount of liverwurst - quite edible, unlike modern ones. So the purchasing power was very, very good.
Did you live from paycheck to paycheck in the USSR?
Quite often in conversations where the average salary is discussed former USSR, the argument is used that there was barely enough money from salary to advance payment, and from advance payment to salary.
Of course, first of all, it depends on the place of work and the ability to spend money - many people today, earning 50-100 thousand, are also forever stuck on loans, complaining that they are critically short of funds even for the most necessary things.
But let's look at a typical Soviet family. For example, the reference book “National Economy of the USSR for 1990” reports that with the average distribution of salaries, citizens save on average 8.3% of the family budget. Quite a good amount! Not everyone today can boast that they have the opportunity to save almost 10% of their salary every month.
So to say that most families actually survived last days Before payday, tightening your belts is definitely not possible.
What were the salaries spent on?
Now let's see how Soviet citizens planned their budget, what they spent more money on and what they spent less on.
The main expense item was food. Average family spent 32% of my salary on groceries. Of course, this applies primarily to urban residents - in villages and small towns, where everyone had subsidiary farm, costs were reduced several times. In addition, it is very important to take into account that all goods that end up on store shelves, without exception, met state standards, and they were quite high. There were no soy, flavor enhancers, thickeners, flavors, palm oil or other harmful ingredients in them. Only exclusively natural ingredients, which not every Russian can afford today.
To pay all taxes, fees and utility bills, it was necessary to give almost 10% of the family budget. An average of 18% of money was spent on purchasing shoes and clothing. Cultural and community services cost 10%. Furniture and amenities cost about 7% per month.
As you can see, the budget was planned quite accurately.
Why did wages grow so slowly?
Some may be surprised that wages grew rather slowly. For example, the average salary in 1960 was 73 rubles, a year later it increased by 4 rubles, the next - by 3.8, and by 1963 - only by 1.5 rubles.
However, it is worth considering here that prices for food, everyday goods, books, clothing, equipment and everything else did not increase. It’s hard to imagine today, but that’s exactly what happened. For many items, prices were set at the manufacturing plant. Because state planning provided that, for example, a saucepan that costs 7 rubles 20 kopecks today will maintain its price in ten years. In addition, the price indicated on the product excluded the possibility of speculation.
Almost all prices were regulated by the state, thanks to which an increase in wages or demand for certain goods did not lead to sharp jumps in cost.
Separately, it is worth mentioning that in order to overcome the post-war crisis, the authorities decided not to raise people’s wages, but... to reduce prices for food and other most important things. From 1949 to 1953 On March 1 or April 1, certain goods became cheaper throughout the country. On average, the price reduction was 20%. In total, in just five years, the goods that were purchased most often fell in price by half. But salaries remained the same. Can you imagine something like this in our time?
What was the average pension?
Another question of no less interest than average salaries in former countries USSR - the size of pensions. Of course, it is impossible to answer unequivocally - much depended on the place of work, length of service, availability of additional benefits and many other factors.
The average pension was 120 rubles - not much less than the salary of a young engineer. This was quite enough for a comfortable old age.
The exception was military personnel and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who retired from officer positions. They could easily count on 250 or even 300 rubles! And this was really huge money for those times.
Today it is customary to say that people's well-being has increased sharply compared to Soviet times. After all, salaries have increased, and you can buy significantly more food with one salary.
However, here it is worth considering the fact already mentioned earlier. Yes, 20 varieties of sausage could not be seen in any Soviet store. But the 2-3 available varieties definitely did not contain soy, emulsifiers, regulators, dyes and flavor enhancers. And this is worth a lot.
The treatment was free. Moreover, this was not only stated in the Constitution, but also acted in practice. The same can be said about training. Parents did not have to buy textbooks for children or pay large sums for additional classes. In principle, higher education could not be paid - only talented and intelligent young people entered universities, regardless of whether they came from poor or rich families.
Utilities were ridiculously low - less than 3% of a family's income. Compare with modern indicators - about 11%.
Children's holidays were fully paid for by the state. And any factory worker, not just leading specialists, could send their child to the camp. Today, not every family can afford to spend 30-50 thousand rubles for a child to spend 2 weeks in a camp.
Airplane flights, which today are mainly the prerogative of very wealthy people, could be afforded by many Soviet citizens who knew how to plan their budget wisely.
Conclusion
This brings our article to an end. From it you learned how much different specialists in the Soviet Union received on average. Yes, much of what was said today seems like something fantastic, completely implausible. But this is how it was, and not just somewhere, but in our country, not a long time ago, but just a few decades ago. Let's hope you liked the article. From it you also learned what the average salary in the USSR was by year - this can be very useful for calculating pensions.
With this salary, a Soviet citizen in 1983 could buy 1,144 kilograms of potatoes. But since he could not eat it in such quantities, the potatoes were lost in the vegetable base. And the Soviet engineer once or twice a month had to break away from solving engineering problems and go to the vegetable base and help throw out rotten vegetables. Burdened higher education, he wasn't very good at this kind of work.
The student's scholarship in 1983 was 40-55 rubles. Increased stipend - 75 rubles, really big, five rubles more than the salary of a cleaner or technician. The minimum wage was 70 rubles.
Money, as a rule, was given out 2 times a month: advance payment and payday. The advance was usually made on the 20th of each month; it was a fixed amount. And as a payday they gave out what was left after the advance was deducted. It was necessary to live “from advance payment to payday.”
At a Soviet enterprise, a very important department was the planning and economic department and the most valuable person After the director there was a planner. Because by that time the main money was not salaries, but bonuses. “Quarterly bonus”, “annual bonus”, holiday bonus. The planner was calculating, calculating, “punching” something in the ministry. And through manipulation, the magic of numbers, a significant increase in the family budget was obtained - a quarterly bonus, often several times higher than the salary. The quarterly bonus also became an effective management lever; for absenteeism or violation of labor discipline, one could be deprived of the bonus, or “deprived of the bonus by 50%.” Vysotsky wrote about this:
Eh Zin, you better keep quiet
The bonus for the quarter has been covered
Who wrote me complaints about the service?
Not you? Yes, I read them.
The monetary allowance of the Soviet military consisted of several factors. Here are the figures for calculating the salary of a lieutenant in the USSR in the early 80s. Salary according to position (“platoon commander” 120 rubles per month), plus salary according to rank (“lieutenant” 120 rubles per month), plus compensation for food rations 20 rubles per month (total 260 rubles per month). Military salaries were not subject to income tax (since the late 70s), that is, “net” 260 rubles were handed out. Plus the thirteenth salary at the end of the year, plus for each combat duty 20 rubles, plus an annual payment “for length of service.” With each increase in rank, the salary increased by 10 rubles. But the lieutenant colonel differed from the colonel by 20 rubles. Regional, service in a combat area are special coefficients.
The salaries of teachers and doctors in the USSR were low. Nurses received 70 rubles, head nurse 90. Doctors received 115-120 rubles, they were allowed to work at one and a half, two “rates”. The doctors had such a sad joke: “There’s nothing to eat for one bet, there’s no time for two.”
At a defense enterprise (“defense industry” and “space”), at so-called “secret” facilities, a salary of 140 rubles could be given young specialist immediately after college in the late 50s. The candidate of sciences was paid 100 rubles in addition to his salary. For appropriately executed inventions in this area, a one-time payment was made; the premium could be 1,000 rubles or more, but was also subject to income tax. Specialists in this industry spent a lot of time at “test sites” (cosmodromes, etc.), sometimes for years. There their salaries doubled.