The coldest part of the world. The coldest place on earth

People who live in cold temperatures no longer pay attention to thermometer data. They are used to aggressive environment and radically changed their lifestyle.

After all, literally everything, namely electronics, paints and even gasoline, completely freezes at low temperatures. However, people live in cold places on the planet. So what are the coldest cities in the world?

International Falls, Minnesota, USA

This city is located in Minnesota, in the northern United States. International Falls – administrative center Kuchiching District. About 7 thousand people live here. And the average air temperature in the city is only 2 degrees.

Experts call the settlement the coldest place in the continental United States. This is why the unofficial name of the city is “the refrigerator of the nation.” By the way, the nickname is used as a trademark, which is confirmed by the Patent and Registration Office brands America.

Barrow, Alaska, USA

Barrow is one of the coldest cities in Alaska. And the closest city in the Arctic Circle in America. The average temperature here is minus 20.1 degrees.

But it also happened that the thermometer reached minus 53 degrees. By the way, quite often the northern lights appear in the night sky above a populated area.

Umiet, USA

And this city was included in the list of the coldest in the world. Plus, it's one of the coldest cities in the US. This is because the average temperature in Umiet is minus 12 degrees. The settlement itself is located above the Arctic Circle, 140 miles southwest of Deadhorse.

The Coldest Cities in America

You can get to this place only by river or by air. There are no railway tracks or roads in the area.

Prospect Creek, Alaska, USA

In this place temperature record was staged in the second half of the last century. Most low temperature registered in the United States of America on January 23, 1971. Then thermometers showed minus 62.1 degrees Celsius.

It's worth noting that Prospect Creek is located 25 miles southeast of Bettles, Alaska.

Yakutsk, Russia

The capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), a port on the well-known Lena River. Yakutsk is the largest city in northeastern Russia by population. The population here is 250 thousand people.

Yakutsk is the coldest large city in the world

Yakutsk is the coldest large city in the world. It's average here annual temperature air - minus 10 degrees. But the average temperature in January is minus 41 degrees. The absolute minimum is minus 64 degrees. By the way, even in forty-degree frosts, city residents do not shudder, perhaps because such temperatures are not considered frost. Low temperatures are tolerated quite easily here.

Snedge, Yukon, Canada

A small village in the Yukon, Canada, recorded the coldest temperature in North American history. The record was set on February 3, 1947. The thermometer dropped to minus 63 degrees. By the way, the village of Snedzh itself was formed not so long ago. The settlement appeared on the world map in the late 1800s, during the Klondike Gold Rush. The settlement is in a valley south of Beaver Creek.

North Station, Greenland

As you know, Greenland is the coldest place in the Western Hemisphere. The largest island in the world is located in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The area of ​​Greenland is more than 2 million square kilometers.

In February, the average temperature in the center of the island is minus 47 degrees. The temperature record was set on January 9, 1954. Northern station. Then the thermometers showed minus 66 degrees. The readings were recorded by ICE North at a research station in the middle of the Greenland Ice Sheet. By the way, the water reserves in the island’s shield are enough to raise the level of the world’s oceans by seven meters.

The coldest city in Russia

The city of Verkhoyansk is also located in Yakutia, it lies outside the Arctic Circle. It was to this settlement that political exiles were once sent. The participant of the Polish uprising, the poet Puzhitsky, was the very first to be sent to Verkhoyansk. Here, on January 15, 1885, the already exiled Kovalik registered minimum temperature air - minus 67.1 degrees. Later this record was broken. The lowest temperature here was minus 69.8 degrees.

By the way, in Verkhoyansk thermometers, as a rule, show minus 40 degrees. Approximately 1,400 people live in such conditions. The city itself is the third smallest in Russia. Residents even erected a memorial plaque in honor of the opening of the absolute temperature minimum in the northern hemisphere.

The coldest place in Russia

The village of Oymyakon is located in Far Eastern region, or rather, on the left bank of the Indigirka River, in the Oymyakonsky ulus of Yakutia. In the Sakha language the name means “unfrozen water”, this is because in this place there is a warm spring among permafrost. The population of the village is approximately 600 people. And all the people literally live in an ice village. The average temperature in the cold settlement is minus 40 degrees. And this is in winter, which lasts about nine months.

By the way, Oymyakon is located between the mountains in the taiga, in this trap it concentrates cold air and, consequently, very low temperatures are recorded in the village. On January 26, 1926, the thermometer showed minus 71.2 degrees. By the way, experts are still arguing which one settlements, Verkhoyansk or Oymyakon, are considered the pole of cold in the Northern Hemisphere. So far the dispute is leaning in favor of Verkhoyansk.

The coldest place in the world

The most cold spot world is Antarctica, Vostok Station. Only penguins and seals live comfortably there. And even then not all year round, but only about six months. However, people also visit these places. At Vostok station on July 21, 1983, the lowest air temperature on the planet was recorded - minus 89.2 degrees. The station itself is located 1260 kilometers from the nearest sea ​​coast. Temperatures in summer reach a maximum of minus 21 degrees.

Therefore, this area received the well-founded name of the Earth's pole of cold. And get to the East in winter period time is almost impossible. The thickness of the ice under the station is about 4 thousand meters. At the same time, the amount of precipitation is so low that the Vostok station area can be classified as largest desert on the planet. As a rule, at very low temperatures a person cannot live normally, so only Yakutsk can boast of a population of 250 thousand people. We invite you to read about the most populated cities in the world.
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First, let's look at the question "Why is it cold in winter?" Our planet, as we know, revolves around the Sun and many would be right in linking the change of seasons and this movement of the Earth. But this is only half the truth. The second half of it is that the change of seasons is also influenced by the rotation of the Earth around its axis.

As a result, these two rotations give the following result: the planet not only moves away from the Sun or approaches it, but also “exposes its sides” to the sun’s rays different angles. At the equator, for example, the angle of incidence sun rays always the same and therefore it is always warm and light there. But closer to the poles the angle is different and the seasons change there regularly.

In addition, with the approach of winter, the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which prevented heat from escaping, decreases, and falling snow reflects most of sunlight, preventing ground objects from absorbing them and heating up.

North and South Poles

Many people will say that the poles are the coldest places on the planet. And they will be right and wrong at the same time. And, oddly enough, it is warmer at the North Pole than at the South Pole. Let's explain why.

We need to start with how the poles differ in addition to their geographical location. Arctic - North Pole- represents the ice-covered expanses of the Arctic Ocean. With the onset of summer in the northern hemisphere of our planet, this ice partially melts. In addition, a significant role in temperature conditions Warm currents also play in the region, the Gulf Stream, for example. In general, the average temperature in the Arctic in winter is about -34°C, and in summer it is even warmer.

Things are completely different on the other side of the planet. Antarctica is not just the southernmost continent. It is also one and a half times the area more Europe and in two - Australia, yes, in addition to everything, it is covered with non-melting ice shell. Yes and especially warm currents does not pass nearby.

In geography lessons they always teach that it is always colder on the mainland than on the sea. Add to this the eternal ice cover, reflecting almost 95% sunlight, lack of warm currents and here you are full picture. According to scientists, the average temperature southern continent is -49°C.

Where is it coldest

If we start compiling a ranking of the coldest places on our planet, the picture we get is as follows: the permanent leader will be Antarctica, followed by the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere. Here are the top five of these regions.

Antarctica. Station "Vostok", area of ​​the Earth's South Magnetic Pole.

The Vostok-1 research station was founded on December 16, 1957 by the outstanding Soviet scientist and polar explorer V.S. Sidorov, who later long time was the station chief.

The lowest temperature was recorded at the station on July 21, 1983 and was -89.2 degrees Celsius. And the warmest day during the entire operation of the station remains the day of its foundation - December 16, 1957. Then the thermometer showed -13.6°C.

Yakutsk

The capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), a port on the Lena River. The city was founded by a detachment of the Yenisei centurion P. Beketov in 1632. The largest city in terms of population in northeast Russia. Yakutsk is considered the coldest city on earth. The average annual temperature here is +10°C. The average January temperature is -41°C. And the absolute minimum in history meteorological observations–64°С degrees. Is it true, last time Such frosts were recorded as early as 1946.

Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk is a settlement in Yakutia, located within the Arctic Circle. Historically, Verkhoyansk was a place of exile for political prisoners. The first to be exiled to Verkhoyansk was the poet Puzhitsky, a participant in the Polish uprising. On January 15, 1885, the exiled S. Kovalik, using the equipment of a meteorological station, recorded the minimum air temperature in the entire history of observations - 67.1 ° C. In 2005, a memorial plaque was unveiled in honor of the 120th anniversary of registration absolute minimum temperatures in the northern hemisphere.

Oymyakon

A village in the Oymyakonsky ulus (district - editor's note) of Yakutia, on the left bank of the Indigirka River. In the Sakha language it means “unfrozen water”, and is associated with a warm spring in the permafrost. On January 26, 1926, a temperature of -71.2°C was recorded here. Such temperatures are associated with the location of the city - in a bowl between the mountains, where cold air collects. Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon still claim to be the pole of cold of the Northern Hemisphere. Today the palm is given to Verkhoyansk.

Greenland

Not only Russia can boast of regions with very low temperatures. Denmark, oddly enough, too. After all, it is this state that owns Greenland - the largest island in the world, located in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The area of ​​Greenland is over 2 million square kilometers. The ice reserves are so impressive that if they melt, the level of the world's oceans will rise not much, not less - by 7 meters. And if we talk about the temperature regime on the island, then in the center of Greenland the average February temperature does not rise above -47°C.

Despite such harsh conditions, even in the coldest places on our planet people live. And they definitely deserve a lot of respect. After all, not everyone is able to live and work in such conditions. Perhaps there will also be thrill-seekers eager to “feel” the severe frosts. Be that as it may, nature, as aptly observed, does not have bad weather.

Events

Scientists have discovered coldest place on earth– in Antarctica, where temperatures drop below -91 degrees Celsius. It is located on the Antarctic mountain range.

The discovery was made by American researchers National Center snow and ice data using satellites and other methods to measure temperature in Antarctica.

The place where the temperature reaches -91.2 degrees Celsius, located in the mountain area Fuji Dome, the height of which reaches 3.7 km.

At this temperature, a person's eyes, nose and lungs freeze within minutes. This is because the temperature is 13 degrees below the point (-78.5 degrees Celsius) at which carbon dioxide turns from gas to dry ice.

Coldest temperature on Earth

So far the record for the lowest air temperature on Earth -89.2 degrees Celsius was recorded in the winter of 1983 at the Vostok research station, also in Antarctica.

However, researchers say there are likely even colder places, as satellites average temperatures over square kilometer. They also highlighted that the coldest temperatures were recorded during clear, dry periods.

Coop ol Fuji or Valkyrie Dome in Antarctica is the second highest peak and one of the coldest places on Earth on average. The temperature here is almost neverdoes not rise above -30 degrees Celsius even in summer.

The coldest places

However, the head Russian Antarctic Expedition Vyacheslav Martyanov states that for now It’s too early to talk about a temperature record based on satellite data. The AVHRR and MODIS satellite instruments measure so-called “brightness temperature”, which is completely uncorrelated with the true meteorological conditions, and must be confirmed by observations on land.

In addition, the Russian scientist believes that the 30-year record for the lowest temperature can be broken Kunlun station, discovered by Chinese scientists in 2009.

It is located in the highest region of Antarctica - the Argus Dome. In winter this place remains uninhabited, but if there were weather station, then perhaps the temperature recorded there was lower than at the Vostok station.

The station was opened on February 2, 2009, after the Chinese Antarctic expedition traveled 1,200 km from sea to land, reaching the most inaccessible area, located at an altitude of 4,093 m above sea level. This is 600 m above the Vostok station, and scientists believe that the temperature here can drop to -102 degrees Celsius.

Pole of Cold

Early this year, the Russian village of Oymyakon became the coldest ever populated place on Earth, where the average temperature in January reaches -50 degrees Celsius.

The lowest temperature at this so-called “pole of cold” reached -71.2 degrees Celsius. A little more than 500 people live in Oymyakon.

Incredible facts

Mother Nature has made sure that we feel quite comfortable on this planet, but there remain places where harsh natural conditions take over human endurance. You probably won't want to go there as a tourist, but perhaps by learning about these places, you will be able to appreciate the charm of your native place more.

The coldest places in the world

Vostok Station, Antarctica

Located near the south geomagnetic pole, and at an altitude of about 3,500 m above sea level, the Russian Vostok research station is in constant cold. In July 1983, the lowest temperature on earth was recorded here, namely -89.2°C. Near Vostok station there is Lake Vostok - the most big lake planet, buried under 4 km of ice, which Russian scientists recently drilled through.

Eureka, Canada

The Eureka research base on northern Ellesmere Island in Canada is often called the coldest inhabited place in the world. It is located at the 80th parallel and was established as a weather station in 1947. The average annual temperature here is about -20°C. In winter it drops to -40°C.

Oymyakon, Russia

About 350 km south of the Arctic Circle, Oymyakon in Yakutia was plunged into unprecedented frost in 1926 when the air temperature dropped to -71.2°C, becoming the lowest temperature northern hemisphere. Oymyakon is a place of continuous extremes. In winter, a day lasts about 3 hours, and in summer the sun can shine for 21 hours.

McKinley, USA

Denali or Mount McKinley is the highest peak in North America and for a long time was considered the most cold mountain on Earth. The air temperature here drops to -40°C. To climb the 6,194 meter peak of Alaska you need to be a climber, but you can walk on a little more warm places nearby, in national park Denali.

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Located in the Mongolian steppe, about 1300 m above sea level, Ulaanbaatar is the coldest capital in the world. In January, the temperature rarely rises above -16 °C, and the winters themselves are quite long and harsh.

The hottest places in the world

Dasht-Lut Desert, Iran

In 2005, a NASA satellite recorded the highest surface temperature ever, exceeding the 70-degree barrier. Combined with the heat, the Dashte Lut Desert rivals the Atacama Desert in Chile for the title of driest place on Earth, and across the entire surface of central Dashte Lut no creature, including bacteria, will survive. This desert is proud of its unique natural phenomena, including sand dunes whose heights reach 500 m due to strong winds.

Al Azizia, Libya

40 km south of Tripoli is the city of Al-Aziziya, where the highest temperature recorded in September 1922 was 57.8°C. The city is located just an hour's drive from Mediterranean Sea, where you can cool off from the unbearable heat.

Death Valley, California, USA

At 86 meters below sea level, the famous stretch of the Mojave Desert can rightfully be called Death Valley. An extended and thin depression traps hot air, which leads to crazy heat. Death Valley holds the record for high temperature in the Western Hemisphere. So in 1913, a temperature of 56.7 °C was recorded here. In mid-summer the average temperature is 47 °C, and this is the most dry place in the USA.

Dallol, Ethiopia

In Dallol, located in the Afar Basin, Africa plunges to a depth of 116 m below sea level, and temperatures begin to go through the roof. Dallol has the highest average annual temperature in the world, namely 34.4°C. If that's not hot enough for you, you can visit the Dallol volcano located nearby.

Bangkok, Thailand

Worldwide meteorological organization named Bangkok the hottest city on the planet, where the average annual temperature is 28 °C. The months from March to May are the hottest, with temperatures reaching 34°C and 90 percent humidity.

Any traveler knows huge amount places on our planet that are very different not only in their culture and historical data, but also in the climate itself. Places called paradise are located closer to the center of our planet, where it is constantly warm, there is summer sun in the sky, but there are places with harsh weather conditions and very low temperatures. In the ranking coldest places in the world we have collected parts of the Earth where, along with the lowest air temperature and the most long duration cold throughout the year.

10. Vostok Station, Antarctica

Maximum temperature: -53°

According to average temperature last place The ranking of the coldest places on Earth is occupied by the Russian Vostok station, which is located inside the continent of Antarctica. This station was built back in 1957, but is still a monument to accessibility eternal ice. After all, from the station to the very center of the pole it is closer than to the shore of the mainland. Considering the very low temperatures (-53 degrees were recorded for the entire time), the location of residential buildings at elevations exceeding three thousand meters above sea level, the inaccessibility of the station location in winter time year, we can confidently call the station the most inhospitable on Earth. Main feature The place where the station is located is a subglacial lake that does not freeze at very low temperatures. So the station staff is examining it.

9.

Maximum temperature: -66°

For a long time, this research facility, located in northern Greenland, was considered a classified North American station. Research was carried out on it surrounding nature. The lowest temperature recorded by station staff was in 1954, which was -66 degrees. Currently, the temperature around the station is constantly rising and averages about -47 degrees. Some recent years research center open to visitors and tourism.

8.

Maximum temperature: -64°

Greenland is another of the coldest places in the world. Not far from the town of Icesmith there is a place that locals call “The Middle of Ice”. There are no trade routes, no hiking trails, or any buildings. The lowest temperature in this place was recorded on thermometers in 1930. An expedition was sent to this place to study the ice floes. So she registered -64 degrees. And this is not a chapel, as they say local residents. The temperature in this unique place goes even lower, there is simply no equipment that can confirm this.

7. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Maximum temperature: -65°

Oddly enough, Mongolia, or rather its capital, is included in the ranking of the coldest places on the planet. Previously, the construction of a city in this place was not planned. The Buddhist monastery was originally founded in 1639. Then the development of the region began, the temple moved into the hands of the local governor and later became the center of the country. The city is located at an altitude of more than one thousand three hundred meters and is surrounded on all sides by impregnable high mountains. All that remains of the old city is the monastery complex, and all the other buildings are ultra-modern skyscrapers. Summer in the capital is quite short and cool, but winter is snowy. The lowest temperature was recorded at 65 degrees.

6.

Maximum temperature: -66°

There are many islands scattered in northern Canada. The city of Eureka is hidden on one of them. Not far from it is located research laboratory, which employs only eight people. In 1947, local scientists noted a drop in temperature to almost 66 degrees below zero. Although the average temperature in this place is about -11 degrees and there is no sunshine for almost five months, green grass and the flowers covered the nearby hills quite heavily. And, oddly enough, animals are happy with this weather; there are a very large number of them in the vicinity of the city.

5.

Maximum temperature: -67°

And in Russia there are the coldest places that are not inferior to the world. Here the temperature is recorded at -67 degrees. In pre-war Russia, the village of Oymyakon served as a camp for shepherds who herded reindeer. But in order to stop the migration of people from the north, Soviet officials ordered to make the village permanent. Now there are about five hundred permanent residents. An interesting fact is that Oymyakon is translated as “non-freezing water”. The settlement got its name because of the hot spring located nearby. In the summer months, the air here warms up to almost thirty degrees, but in the fall and spring, cows have to be driven through snowdrifts to drink from the hot spring. Considering the remoteness of the village, there is only one store, no amenities, no electricity, and they use peat and coal for heating. The main problems for residents are the freezing of ink in pens, batteries work very poorly at low temperatures, and they try not to turn off their cars on the street because they are afraid they won’t be able to bring them in again.

4.

Maximum temperature: -68°

There is another place in Canada with the lowest temperatures - the Yukon province. It is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Summers are short and quite snowy in places, and winters are harsh. But due to the fact that there is very little precipitation in the region, the air is dry and low temperatures are not so clearly felt. In February 1947, local residents in the province recorded - 68 degrees. Since there are many deposits in this area precious metals, such as gold, silver, life began to appear in this region during the gold rush. Despite the harsh living conditions, many desperate adventurers came here. Now gold miners are led along the trails numerous groups tourists. They are attracted not only by the history of this province, but also by the opportunity to observe northern lights, which is not uncommon in these places.

3.

Maximum temperature: -67°

Now an uninhabited small village in northern Alaska. Previously, life was in full swing here, as there was a base for large number expeditions that explored the bowels of the earth. Then, the village was home to more than twenty thousand construction workers who took part in the installation of the Alaska Pipeline. It was at this time, in the winter of 1977, that the builders recorded a temperature of -67 degrees. During construction in this region, more than two hundred people froze and died. Despite such low temperatures, the pipeline passing through the village does not freeze. It was wrapped in ten-centimeter fiberglass insulation. Considering average temperature At -27 degrees, the settlement was disbanded and research was prohibited.

2.

Maximum temperature: -70°

Another point with the coldest climate in America is a town in Idaho. At the beginning of 1994, the temperature here reached -70 degrees. But oddly enough, people continue to live here. The town of Stanley has a small population of only sixty-three residents. The city has its own museum, run by an elected mayor, and even a shopping stall. It opens at the time when at least one tourist appears in the city. They often come to marvel at the skill of survival local population in such low temperature conditions.

1.

Maximum temperature: -70°

The coldest place in the world can confidently be called a pass in northern Canada. He is on very high point 5600 meters above the sea. Low world temperature recorded in 1954, which was -70 degrees. Despite the harsh winter, summer can be quite hot and often pleasant at three summer months temperature about 30 degrees above zero. This pass is located in national reserve and since the beginning of 1971 is historical place in Canada.