The most lifting rocket. Russia is going to create the world's heaviest launch vehicle
TOP 10 FASTEST ROCKETS IN THE WORLD
R-12U
The most fast rocket average ballistic range with a maximum speed of 3.8 km per second opens the ranking of the fastest rockets in the world. The R-12U was a modified version of the R-12. The rocket differed from the prototype in the absence of an intermediate bottom in the oxidizer tank and some minor design changes - there are no wind loads in the shaft, which made it possible to lighten the tanks and dry compartments of the rocket and eliminate the need for stabilizers. Since 1976, R-12 and R-12U missiles began to be removed from service and replaced with mobile ones soil complexes"Pioneer". They were withdrawn from service in June 1989, and between May 21, 1990, 149 missiles were destroyed at the Lesnaya base in Belarus.
53Т6 "Amur"
The fastest anti-missile missile in the world, designed to destroy highly maneuverable targets and high-altitude hypersonic missiles. Tests of the 53T6 series of the Amur complex began in 1989. Its speed is 5 km per second. The rocket is a 12-meter pointed cone with no protruding parts. Its body is made of high-strength steel using composite winding. The design of the rocket allows it to withstand large overloads. The interceptor launches with 100-fold acceleration and is capable of intercepting targets flying at speeds of up to 7 km per second.
SM-65-"Atlas"
One of the fastest American launch vehicles with a maximum speed of 5.8 km per second. It is the first developed intercontinental ballistic missile adopted by the United States. Developed as part of the MX-1593 program since 1951. Formed the basis nuclear arsenal US Air Force in 1959-1964, but then was quickly withdrawn from service due to the advent of the more advanced Minuteman missile. Served as the basis for creating a family space launch vehicles Atlas, in operation from 1959 to the present day.
UGM-133A Trident II
American three-stage ballistic missile, one of the fastest in the world. Her maximum speed is 6 km per second. “Trident-2” has been developed since 1977 in parallel with the lighter “Trident-1”. Adopted into service in 1990. Launch weight- 59 tons. Max. throw weight - 2.8 tons with a launch range of 7800 km. Maximum range flight with a reduced number of warheads - 11,300 km.
RSM 56 Bulava
One of the fastest solid-propellant ballistic missiles in the world, in service with Russia. It has a minimum damage radius of 8000 km and an approximate speed of 6 km/s. The development of the rocket has been carried out since 1998 by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, which developed it in 1989-1997. rocket ground-based"Topol M". To date, 24 test launches of the Bulava have been carried out, fifteen of them were considered successful (during the first launch, a mass-sized prototype of the rocket was launched), two (the seventh and eighth) were partially successful. The last test launch of the rocket took place on September 27, 2016.
Minuteman LGM-30G
One of the fastest land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles in the world. Its speed is 6.7 km per second. The LGM-30G Minuteman III has an estimated flight range of 6,000 kilometers to 10,000 kilometers, depending on the type of warhead. Minuteman 3 has been in US service from 1970 to the present day. She is the only rocket mine-based in USA. The first launch of the rocket took place in February 1961, modifications II and III were launched in 1964 and 1968, respectively. The rocket weighs about 34,473 kilograms and is equipped with three solid propellant engines. It is planned that the missile will be in service until 2020.
"Satan" SS-18 (R-36M)
The most powerful and fastest nuclear rocket in the world at a speed of 7.3 km per second. It is intended, first of all, to destroy the most fortified command posts, ballistic missile silos and air bases. The nuclear explosives of one missile can destroy Big city, quite most USA. Hit accuracy is about 200-250 meters. The missile is housed in the world's strongest silos. SS-18 carries 16 platforms, one of which is loaded decoys. When entering a high orbit, all “Satan” heads go “in a cloud” of false targets and are practically not identified by radars.”
DongFeng 5A
The intercontinental ballistic missile with a maximum speed of 7.9 km per second opens the top three fastest in the world. The Chinese DF-5 ICBM entered service in 1981. It can carry a huge 5 MT warhead and has a range of over 12,000 km. The DF-5 has a deflection of approximately 1 km, which means that the missile has one purpose - to destroy cities. The warhead's size, deflection and the fact that it only takes an hour to fully prepare for launch all mean that the DF-5 is a punitive weapon, designed to punish any would-be attackers. The 5A version has increased range, improved 300m deflection and the ability to carry multiple warheads.
R-7
Soviet, the first intercontinental ballistic missile, one of the fastest in the world. Its top speed is 7.9 km per second. The development and production of the first copies of the rocket was carried out in 1956-1957 by the OKB-1 enterprise near Moscow. After successful launches it was used in 1957 to launch the world's first artificial satellites Earth. Since then, launch vehicles of the R-7 family have been actively used for launching spacecraft for various purposes, and since 1961 these launch vehicles have been widely used in manned astronautics. Based on the R-7, a whole family of launch vehicles was created. From 1957 to 2000, more than 1,800 launch vehicles based on the R-7 were launched, of which more than 97% were successful.
RT-2PM2 "Topol-M"
The fastest intercontinental ballistic missile in the world with a maximum speed of 7.9 km per second. The maximum range is 11,000 km. Carries one thermonuclear warhead with a power of 550 kt. The silo-based version was put into service in 2000. The launch method is mortar. The rocket's sustaining solid-propellant engine allows it to gain speed much faster than previous types of rockets of a similar class created in Russia and the Soviet Union. This makes it much more difficult for missile defense systems to intercept it during the active phase of the flight.
Since the first flight into space, man has strived to create the most powerful rockets and deliver as much cargo as possible into orbit. Let's compare all the heaviest launch vehicles in human history.
On November 23, 1972, the last fourth launch of the N-1 super-heavy launch vehicle was carried out. All four launches were unsuccessful and after four years, work on the N-1 was discontinued. The launch weight of this rocket was 2,735 tons. We decided to talk about the five heaviest space rockets in the world.
The Soviet H-1 super-heavy launch vehicle has been developed since the mid-1960s at OKB-1 under the leadership of Sergei Korolev. The mass of the rocket was 2735 tons. Initially, it was intended to launch a heavy orbital station into low-Earth orbit with the prospect of ensuring the assembly of a heavy interplanetary spacecraft for flights to Venus and Mars. Since the USSR entered into the “lunar race” with the USA, the N1 program was accelerated and reoriented for the flight to the Moon.
However, all four test launches of the N-1 were unsuccessful during the first stage operation. In 1974, the Soviet manned lunar landing program was effectively closed before achieving the target result, and in 1976, work on the N-1 was also officially closed.
"Saturn-5"
The American Saturn 5 launch vehicle remains the highest lifting, most powerful, heaviest (2965 tons) and largest of the existing rockets that have launched a payload into orbit. It was created by rocket designer Wernher von Braun. The rocket could launch 141 tons of payload into low Earth orbit and 47 tons of payload onto the trajectory to the Moon.
Saturn 5 was used to implement the American lunar mission program, including the first manned landing on the Moon on July 20, 1969, and also to launch the Skylab orbital station into low-Earth orbit.
"Energy"
"Energia" is a Soviet super-heavy launch vehicle (2400 tons), developed by NPO Energia. She was one of the most powerful missiles in the world.
Was created as a universal advanced rocket to perform various tasks: a carrier for the Buran spacecraft, a carrier for supporting manned and automatic expeditions to the Moon and Mars, for launching new generation orbital stations, etc. The first rocket launch took place in 1987, the last in 1988.
"Arian 5"
Ariane 5 is a European launch vehicle of the Ariane family, designed to launch a payload into a low reference orbit (LEO) or geotransfer orbit (GTO). The mass of the rocket is not so large compared to Soviet and American ones - 777 tons. It is produced by the European Space Agency. The Ariane 5 launch vehicle is ESA's main launch vehicle and will remain so for at least until 2015. For the period 1995–2007 43 launches were made, of which 39 were successful.
"Proton"
"Proton" (UR-500, "Proton-K", "Proton-M") - a heavy-class launch vehicle (705 tons), designed to launch automatic spacecraft into Earth orbit and beyond space. Developed in 1961–1967 in the OKB-23 division (now the M.V. Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center).
In order for a satellite or ship with astronauts to enter orbit, it must fall into certain space near the Earth and reach a speed of 8 km/s. These tasks are performed by rockets. The latter are called carriers, and the satellite or ship is called payload. Of the existing, developed or designed ones, the most big rocket- "Saturn 5". We bring to your attention a rating of missiles, formed in accordance with their length.
10. “Ariane-5” - 46-52 m. European launch vehicle of expendable type. 94 launches were carried out, 90 were successful. First used in June 1996. Designed to display objects from the middle or large mass into orbit. One rocket launches 2-3 satellites and 8 small objects.
The amount of money spent on creating the rocket is 7 billion US dollars. France contributed more than 46%. The carrier is being developed jointly by 1,000 companies. Several models have been created. The cost of one launch is 140-150 million dollars. Ariane-6 is being created on the basis of the rocket. According to the latest forecasts, it will be launched in 2020 or later.
9. Space Shuttle - 56.1 m. A US spacecraft that has been used many times. From 1981 to 2011, 134 launches were made, of which 132 were successful. Developed in accordance with the Space Transportation System program, according to which shuttles are permanent transporters of cargo from Earth to space and back.
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Development started in 1971. Used some technological features Apollo fuel system. In total, 1 prototype and 5 ships were built, 2 of them crashed during use. The Discovery shuttle has completed 39 flights.
8. “Big March-5” - 57 m. The Chinese launch vehicle was launched twice: in November 2016 and July 2017. The name recalls the Long March of the Chinese Communists (1934-1936). Then the movement of troops took place under the skillful leadership of Mao Zedong.
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Rocket fuel has minimal impact on nature. These are kerosene, liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Although previous models in the series used toxic heptyl. With 25 tons of carrying capacity, Long March 5 has honorary title China's first heavy-class missile. Thanks to it, China, along with the Russian Federation, the USA and the EU, belongs to the group of large space states.
7. “Proton-M” - 58.2 m. From 2001 to the present day it has been launched 412 times. Successful - 365, unsuccessful - 27, partially successful - 20. The rocket was created through the efforts of employees of the State Research and Production Space Center named after. M. V. Khrunicheva. Designed for launching state satellites of the Russian Federation and commercial objects of other countries. "Proton-M" is an improved model of "Proton-K". More convenient to use, less polluting environment and uses less energy.
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The first stage of modernization was completed in 2004, the second in 2007, the third in 2008, and stage 4 is ongoing. "Proton-M" is used to launch satellite system"Glonass" and Russian military facilities. Thanks to the launch vehicle, the territory of the Russian Federation is covered by a satellite communications network.
6. “Atlas-5” - 58.3 m. First launched in August 2002. Then the commercial satellite Hot Bird was launched into orbit. The total number of launches is 71. Of these, only one was partially unsuccessful: the satellite did not reach the desired orbit, but was used for its intended purpose.
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Developed as a response to the increasing number of launches by the Russians, Chinese and Europeans. Created new rocket Lockheed Martin company. the main task the last one is a reduction in launch costs. Therefore, the rocket was developed based on latest versions families - “Atlas-2” and “Atlas-3”. They also borrowed features from the Space Shuttle.
5. " Falcon Heavy» - 70 m. The launch is planned for 2017. It is assumed that the model will launch objects weighing up to 64 tons into low orbit, up to 27 tons into geotransfer orbit, up to 17 tons into Mars, and up to 3.5 tons into Pluto. The creation of the rocket became known in April 2011. Then SpaceX stated that the work would be completed in two years. But the launch date kept changing.
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During trial tests in mid-2015, an accident occurred. The developers decided to modify the Falcon 9 and changed the launch location. But in the early autumn of 2016, an accident occurred again. Therefore, Falcon Heavy will be launched from the SLC-40 complex, updated after the Falcon 9 explosion.
4. “Delta IV” - 63-70.7 m. First launched in 2002 and continues to be used in the United States. Belongs to the Boeing Delta family. It last took to the air on March 19, 2017. Created in accordance with the program for the development of disposable launch vehicles. Purpose - launch of commercial satellites and US military facilities.
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The specified length range is explained by the presence of 5 rocket models. The cost, which ranges from 164 to 400 million dollars, also depends on the carrier option. It is the world leader among rockets of all times in terms of the total payload launched into orbit.
3. “Space Launch System” -102.32 m. A super-heavy launch vehicle being developed in the USA. Intended to be the successor to Ares 5, which was canceled along with the Constellation program. The first launch was planned for 2014, then postponed to 2017, but for now it is expected that it will take place in 2018.
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Then the rocket will launch into orbit the MPCV spacecraft, the base of which is Orion from the Constellation program. Among the operational "SLS" will be the largest lifting rocket at the time of launch. In general, it will take 4th place in the world in terms of indicators, behind the American Saturn-5 and the N1 and Energia created in the USSR.
2. “H1” - 105.3 m. A super-heavy rocket from the USSR era. Actively developed from 1969 to 1974. It was created at OKB-1, headed by Sergei Korolev and Vasily Mishin. Intended for launch into orbit space station weighing 75 tons. In the future, it was supposed to facilitate flights to the planets closest to Earth - Mars and Venus. After the USSR lost the lunar race, the purpose of the N1 program was changed. The rocket was planned to be used as a carrier for the L-3 expeditionary spacecraft.
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“N1” failed to pass the first stage of testing four times. In 1974, the USSR curtailed the program regarding man's journey to the Moon. Since then, work on “N1” has not been carried out, although it was officially stopped in 1976. Information about the missile was kept secret until 1989. The name of the rocket is the first letter of the word “carrier” and serial number development. In the West it was called SL-15 or G-1e.
1. “Saturn-5” -110 m. First used on November 9, 1967, and last time- in 1973. Leads among those launched in terms of carrying capacity. In the middle of the last century, it was developed as part of the Apollo program, which provided for the journey of people to the Moon.
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It was classified as single-launch, since it immediately made it possible to send the ships needed for a full-fledged expedition. And this is up to 50 tons of mass! Spaceship was attached to the third stage of the rocket, and the lunar module was placed inside the adapter.
A two-stage rocket model was also once used. Then the first one was put into orbit orbital station USA Skylab.
The largest space powers continue to develop new launch vehicles. Therefore, even the current leader of this rating may change in ten years.
Do you know which country owns the fastest rocket in the world? Of course, this is Russia, which again evokes a feeling of pride in our country. The Americans, who are constantly trying to be first in the world and are directly involved in the arms race, made a statement that they were the ones who created the fastest rocket in the world. But is this really true? Let's figure this out.
It is this anti-missile missile Soviet made can be called the fastest rocket in the world, since its maximum flight speed is approximately 5 km/sec (or more than 19,500 km/h). Agree that such speed is simply incredibly huge! This anti-missile missile began to be developed back in 1971, and was put into service in 1989. 53T6 is 10 meters long, its diameter is one meter, and its weight is missile weapons equal to 10 tons. The rocket accelerates to its maximum speed in just 3 seconds, while the overload it experiences is more than 100 g. The 53T6 rises to a height of thirty kilometers in five seconds.
When the anti-missile missile was tested, eyewitnesses noted that it was impossible to notice how it came out of the silo, and it was difficult to trace all the moments of its flight. That's how fast her speed is!
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The main purpose of this anti-missile missile is the short-range interception of ballistic missiles. Target interception can be carried out at an altitude of 15-30 kilometers, and the interception range is 80-100 kilometers. Thus, the anti-missile missile can perfectly cope with highly maneuverable and high-altitude hypersonic objects. On this moment 53T6, despite such a long origin, is used for the defense of our capital.
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Technical parameters of the 53T6 missile defense long time were classified as “top secret”, and even today there are many questions regarding the “filling” of these weapons. Flight characteristics This anti-missile system is truly unique - nothing like it can be found in the whole world. Our designers did their best!
It is about this rocket and we're talking about at the beginning of the article - the Americans announced that it can safely be classified as the fastest rocket in the world. By creating this hypersonic missile with wings, American developers set out to reduce the flight time of high-precision cruise missiles. Of course, they were able to do what they set out to do - their rocket flew at a speed that was five times the speed of sound. However, this is still not as fast as the Russian anti-missile missile - the maximum speed of the X-51F Waverider is 7000 km/h, which, of course, can be called a truly excellent speed, but it is much lower than the speed of the Russian anti-missile missile.
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First tests American rocket were carried out in 2007 (although only one of the engines was tested). The Americans managed to conduct full-scale tests two years later - then the creators attached the X-51F Waverider to the B-52 bomber. It was during this flight that the rocket showed a powerful speed that was five times higher than sound speed. However, the testing of this fastest rocket in the world was not very successful, since the creators several times encountered some obstacles that even forced them to postpone the tests.
As a result, the rocket was still launched from a bomber and the necessary indicators were recorded. However, in the future she had to sink to the bottom Pacific Ocean, but this did not happen, because due to some glitches, the developers had to send a signal to the rocket system to self-destruct. And testing this rocket took 200 seconds, which is a considerable amount of time for rockets of this type.
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But representatives air force USA after the launch of hypersonic cruise missile were happy because this is of considerable importance for the creation of jet aircraft. But rocket testing must continue - this is how the Americans plan to create powerful weapon, with the help of which it will be possible to as soon as possible strike anywhere on Earth.
Thus, we can conclude that the fastest rocket in the world still belongs to Russian Federation. And knowing that such a miracle of our Russian (even Soviet) technology protects our Motherland, we can be completely calm.
40 years ago, on February 21, 1969, the cosmodrome froze in anticipation. The largest rocket in the world, the N-1, was supposed to launch into space. She was called the Tsar Rocket. It was planned that it was this giant that would launch a heavy interplanetary spacecraft into orbit, which would fly to the Moon, Venus, and Mars.
The dimensions of the rocket are still impressive: 5 stages, 105 meters in height - almost a skyscraper, weight - over 200 tons. It's hard to imagine a more powerful rocket. When the N-1 first left the assembly and testing building, the testers froze. Here it is - the Tsar Rocket! The power of the Soviet state. Most big carrier in the world. "All the testers called her" White swan" - the N-1 rocket, it was so powerful, beautiful and, indeed, a unique technical complex", recalls Sergei Tikhonov, a veteran of the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
The romantic Sergei Korolev dreamed of Mars. Long before Yuri Gagarin's flight, together with the manned "R-7" he conceived super heavy rocket for interplanetary flights. But the lunar race in which I was drawn Soviet Union, set priorities: to be the first on the Moon. The secret development received the code name "N-1". N – from the word “carrier”.
“This was the most ambitious space project of the 20th century. Everyone involved in this program had no doubt that the rocket would fly and fly successfully,” says Vladimir Bugrov, a veteran of RSC Energia.
Because of gigantic size they assembled it right here, at the cosmodrome. Following traditions, they broke a bottle of champagne, while breaking two rules. Instead of a woman, it was a man who smashed her and smashed her against the verticalization installation, and not against the rocket body.
On this day, 40 years ago, everyone was waiting for triumph. It seemed that victory was close. The rocket flew for 69 seconds and fell 50 kilometers from the launch – the first stage engines and control system failed. “This first launch was not considered a failure. Refueling, launch preparation and the launch itself were worked out,” explained Grigory Sonis, a veteran of the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Six months later, the new N-1 was prepared for launch. Ballisticians even timed the launch to circle the Moon as accurately as possible. However, at an altitude of 200 meters, the engines turn off again and the rocket falls to the launch site along with 3 thousand tons of fuel. In the early 70s, two more launch attempts were made. The missiles died at the stage of operation of the first stage. “Only 7 seconds were missing before the end of the first stage. The automation worked, the first stage turned off. And again there was an emergency launch,” says Sergei Tikhonov.
The fifth launch of N-1, already with a standard lunar complex, was scheduled for the end of 1974. Almost everyone was confident of success. The rocket had completely new Kuznetsov reusable engines. But the fate of "N-1" has already been decided: to stop all work. The question remained open: why didn’t they launch already built rockets? “This was, of course, incomprehensible,” says Nina Omysova, chief engineer of the Baikonur branch of TsSKB-Progress. “When the assembled product was lying there, with all the improvements, they said that this was politics.” The N-1 project was officially closed only two years later in 1976. All finished N-1 missiles were destroyed.
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