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The Russian military received the shipment modern complexes electronic warfare"Mercury-BM". This equipment was transferred to the defense department by the Radioelectronic concerntechnology" (KRET). Let us remind you that the Concern fulfilled the state defense order in 2013years for delivery of this type technology.
The history of the development of electronic warfare (EW) equipment and their introduction into the armed forces begins almost immediately with the invention of radio. As the role increases radio-electronic means in battle, the capabilities of radio reconnaissance and radio interference increased, and more and more new means and methods of electronic warfare were developed.
Under these conditions, the warring parties were forced to accept special measures on hiding radio equipment from reconnaissance and protecting them from suppression by radio interference. In practice, these measures began to be implemented during the First World War. However, only after the Great Patriotic War, as a result of the widespread introduction of radio electronics into military affairs, combat capabilities military equipment began to increase rapidly.
Today, more than 120 organizations are engaged in the creation of electronic warfare technology in our country. Many of these enterprises are part of KRET.
A separate direction in the development of land-based electronic warfare equipment is the development of jamming stations for radio fuses of artillery ammunition mass application. Back in the 80s. last century, the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute "Gradient", which is part of KRET today, developed jamming stations SPR-1 and SPR-2.
The main purpose of the stations is to protect manpower and equipment from single and volley fire artillery ammunition equipped with radio fuses. It was developed on the basis of the BTR-70 armored personnel carrier. Subsequently, the SPR-2 equipment began to be installed on a more advanced chassis - the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier.
This provided the station with high mobility, as well as the ability to conduct combat work on the move. Thus, it became possible to use the station to protect fixed and mobile military installations, including during combat operations. In addition, these properties determined the high survivability of the station in conditions of electronic and fire counteraction from the enemy.
VNII Gradient developed a modernized version of the Rtut-BM station based on the MT-LB tracked chassis. The “Rtut-BM” complex has been developed and produced at KRET enterprises since 2011 and is one of the most modern systems EW.
Multifunctional complex "Mercury-BM" provides protection personnel and equipment on an area of up to 50 hectares. Also among the capabilities of the complex are: electronic jamming communication and radar systems. The system is mounted on a light armored vehicle tracked chassis. The combat crew consists of two people, and the deployment time of the complex does not exceed 10 minutes. In service Russian army There are already several dozen such complexes.
This year, KRET supplied more than 10 more Rtut-BM complexes to the Russian Ministry of Defense. Thus, the concern fulfilled the 2013 state defense order for the supply of this type of equipment in full. The contract value exceeded 700 million rubles.
IN currently a third long-term contract between KRET and the Ministry of Defense is being prepared, which provides for the production of more than two dozen such complexes. According to experts, the need of the country's armed forces for Rtut-BM exceeds 100 units. In addition, "Rtut-BM" has great export potential and can be supplied to traditional markets in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
Tank destroyer "Javelin"
The West has succeeded in creating high-precision impact systems. Indeed, the winged Tomahawks, launched, for example, from warships somewhere in the Mediterranean Sea or Indian Ocean, having flown thousands of kilometers, find their targets in the territory of Afghanistan, the Balkans, Iraq and hit the target with an accuracy of up to a meter. Throughout the flight, they are guided by the “smart” electronics of the guidance head, which maintains constant communication with AWACS long-range radar patrol aircraft and satellite constellations. Such a missile cannot miss. And its blow is crushing for the enemy.
Once upon a time, infantry on the battlefield carried big losses from being hit by shrapnel shells. Then the infantry began to actively maneuver, took cover behind the armor, and the effectiveness of the shrapnel sharply decreased. But now there is a reincarnation of old ammunition.
In shells filled with fragments and arrows, they insert electronic devices, carrying out an explosion not just over a trench, but precisely in the place where this moment concentrated unprotected manpower. And anti-tank guided missile The Javelin, approaching the target, makes a maneuver that results in a strike not just on the tank, but on the turret hatch cover.
It would seem that there is no salvation. But, as our defense specialists say, for every tricky thing we have... well, in general, a worthy answer.
Caution: "Mercury"
Imagine the scene: a combat Ka-52 is in the sky, and an Igla or Stinger MANPADS is hitting the helicopter from the ground. Hitting the target seems inevitable, but upon approach the missile suddenly abruptly changes direction and goes to the side. The reason is that there is a system installed on board the helicopter that forms a kind of impenetrable dome around it, which cannot be penetrated by enemy attack weapons. The name of this system is “Vitebsk”.
No less amazing is the “Lever” complex, also installed on board helicopters. It is capable of “blinding” the enemy at a distance of hundreds of kilometers, creating an invisible shield around our equipment on the ground.
And here is another means of protection, before recently strictly classified. This is the Rtut-BM electronic warfare complex. The last two letters mean that it is located on a combat vehicle. This could be a car, an armored personnel carrier, or the widespread MTLB armored artillery tractor.
The essence of the protection is as follows. A vehicle with the Mercury complex is installed in a place where an enemy artillery and missile strike is likely. Front edge defense is covered by a kind of cloud of radio-electronic radiation. There is one more subtlety. If electronic warfare systems are turned on, then they themselves unmask covered positions with their radiation. But "Mercury" turns on for milliseconds at the moment of an artillery attack. The electronics of the system, which is domestically developed, by the way, almost instantly determines the operating frequency of an enemy radio fuse.
The interference, emitted for a fraction of a second, nevertheless creates a signal that provides such an impact on the radio fuse that it fires prematurely. The same “Javelin”, the cost of which is 30 thousand dollars, once in the coverage area of “Mercury”, loses all its “mind” and flies along an uncontrollable trajectory - wherever the curve takes it. The enemy's radio monitoring systems simply do not have time to “grab” and somehow counter the work of the “Mercury”. In addition, the complex is mobile and changes its position very quickly. And its deployment takes no more than 10 minutes. During operation, one Rtut-BM electronic warfare vehicle can protect troops over an area of 20 to 50 hectares. One car is serviced by only two people.
According to the Radioelectronic Technologies concern, where these complexes are developed and produced, the need of the Russian armed forces for Rtut-BM is estimated at 100 vehicles.
"Avtobaza" on guard
One could argue that everything is smooth on paper. But when it comes to real application... So, domestic systems electronic warfare for last year marked at least twice.
On March 13, 2014, an American-made MQ-5B reconnaissance and attack drone was intercepted in the sky over Perekop. Judging by the side markings, it was part of the 66th American Military Intelligence Brigade with its main location in Bavaria.
In March 2014, American intelligence officers from this brigade were spotted in the area of the Ukrainian Kirovograd. It was from there, according to experts, that drones began making reconnaissance raids towards Crimea.
March 13 electronic warfare system with nothing a telling name Avtobaza severed the connection between the drone and its operator, and then forced the drone to make an emergency landing on the territory of Crimea. After which, MQ-5B flights over the peninsula ceased. It is believed that even earlier, in 2011, the American secret drone RQ-170 Sentinel was successfully landed in Iran with the help of the same “Avtobaza”.
In the spring of 2014, the American destroyer Donald Cook entered the Black Sea. A Su-24 flew past him, on board of which the Khibiny electronic warfare system was operating. And the entire control system on the destroyer failed, including blindness and deafness anti-missile system"Aegis". The crew was confused: the sailors did not understand how to continue to control the ship and what to do when all the monitors went out. There was panic on board...
So, not every “Raptor” with Tomahawks at the ready will fly to Russia, colliding with “Avtobaza” or “Khibiny”.
Meanwhile
S-500 anti-aircraft missile systems will appear in 2017. Complexes, the development of which is full progress, belong to the new generation missile systems"earth - air". The S-500 missile will have a destruction radius of 600 km. The S-500 will repel not only air raids, but also an attack ballistic missiles. One complex will be able to detect and simultaneously hit up to 10 ballistic targets flying at speeds of up to 7 km/s, and even shoot down hypersonic aircraft.
For Russia, Donbass is a testing ground for the disposal of old weapons and for testing the latest equipment in combat conditions. This is stated in the material international community InformNapalm.
“In the Ukrainian and foreign press there have been repeated statements about the use in the area of military operations in Donbass of a modern modernization of the Russian station for jamming radio fuses of SPR-2M “Rtut-BM” ammunition. But photo or video evidence to prove these claims has not previously been provided. During the reconnaissance open sources volunteers identified photographs of the said station in social network on the page of one of the terrorists,” the publication says.
Review of messages from the National Security and Defense Council and the Main Intelligence Directorate about the fixation of the Rtut-BM station in Donbass, the use of Russian complexes electronic warfare "Mercury". About this, in June 2015, Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (NSDC) Alexander Litvinenko during a meeting interparliamentary council“Ukraine-NATO” July 20, 2016, Ukrainian military intelligence about the use by Russian occupation forces of the multifunctional complex "Rtut-BM" west of Gorlovka. A few days later, on July 25, 2016, NSDC Secretary Alexander Turchynov that the Russian General base continues to use the occupied territory of Donbass to test new weapons during bloody provocations, and announced many new Russian military equipment, also mentioning the Rtut-BM multifunctional complex.
In the photo published by the terrorist on social networks at the end of July 2015, part of the station with the tactical sign (TZ) “25 in a diamond” is visible. Such tactical signs are used by Russian occupation forces in the territory controlled by terrorist organization"DPR". Specified tactical sign, most likely belongs to the so-called separate company Electronic warfare of military unit 08821, located in Donetsk (today the tactical sign of this unit has been modified to “25 in trapezoid”). Also on the building of the complex you can see the original station number “412”, which they tried to erase.
General information about the Rtut-BM station
SPR-2M "Rtut-BM" is a modern modernization of SPR-2 "Rtut-B" (GRAU Index -1L29) using new equipment. The reliability of the system has been increased, and also expanded functionality. Added function to suppress radio communication lines on VHF frequencies.
The station is a means of electronic warfare and is designed to reduce the impact damaging elements artillery shells on friendly troops and armored vehicles by influencing the operating mode of the radio fuse. SPR-2 is capable of detonating a projectile at a safe height or switching the radio fuse operating mode to contact. The main place of use is the first echelon troops, command posts, places where troops gather and launchers. Also, "Rtut-BM" can be used to cover moving objects at crossing points.
“Rtut-BM” covers an area of about 50 hectares with a radio-electronic “cap” and shells flying towards protected objects are detonated at an altitude of 200-300 meters. Also, the Rtut-BM complex is capable of counteracting not only radio fuses. If necessary, it can be used to suppress aviation and ground VHF radio communications and radar of reconnaissance aircraft.
For comparison of the complex, we provide a photo from the pavilion of the Russian state corporation Rostec.
“At the moment, it was not possible to establish the exact geolocation of the station’s location from the photo found on the terrorist, but the search for the place continues. To help identify the approximate area in which the Russian terrorist was spotted, we are publishing several photographs from the same period (July) 2015,” the volunteers report.
Under the leadership of the commander of the 58th combined arms army of the Southern Military District, an active phase of bilateral company tactical exercises took place with units of the Russian military base.
A mixed squadron of helicopters performed combat training missions in the interests of company commanders army aviation Mi-28N " Night Hunter" and transport and combat Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator", as well as attack and operational-tactical aircraft of the Air Force and Air Defense Association of the Southern Military District Su-25, Su-30SM and Su-34.
In accordance with the decision of the commander of the Southern Military District, Colonel-General A. Dvornikov, formations and military units of the combined arms formation stationed in the North Caucasus, and aviation units of the Air Force and Air Defense Association carry out combat training tasks according to a single plan at combined arms training grounds located on both sides of the Caucasus ridge. More than 2 thousand military personnel are taking part in the joint exercises and about 400 units of military equipment are involved. This is stated on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Defense. In Abkhazia, under the cover of Alligators and with air support, Russian troops conducted exercises.
Operators of the Igla man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems (MANPADS) of the Russian military base in Abkhazia, as part of a bilateral company tactical exercise, hit more than 10 small-sized air targets of a mock enemy. Also, for the first time, the exercises in Abkhazia involved the latest complexes electronic warfare "Rtut-BM", with the help of which military personnel destroyed guided missiles naval artillery imaginary enemy right during their flight.
“At the coastal training ground of Gudauta, using modern electronic warfare systems “Mercury”, specialists detected volleys of guns and, influencing radio fuses with high-power interference guided missiles, forced them to explode in the air,” says the official statement of the Southern Military District.
What does work look like? electronic warfare complex“Mercury” was previously featured in one of the news releases on the Russia 24 TV channel, dedicated to the rearmament and modernization of the Russian army. The story shows the operation of the complex during exercises near Chelyabinsk.
As the correspondent noted Russian newspaper Nikolai Grishchenko, military maneuvers in Abkhazia take place during the appearance of the American guided-missile destroyer Carney. US Navy ship equipped with the system missile defense Aegis poses a potential threat to Russia's military infrastructure. His cruise missiles Tomahawks can be aimed at Russian military bases, and therefore exercises using electronic warfare systems are more than relevant.
In November last year, Concern Radioelectronic Technologies (KRET) reported on the fulfillment of the state defense order for electronic warfare (EW) 1L262 Rtut-BM vehicles. By the end of autumn, the concern had built and handed over to the military 10 vehicles of the new model, which were soon distributed among the electronic warfare units of the armed forces. A few months later, in May 2014, exercises of electronic warfare troops took place in the Tambov region, in which, apparently, the equipment of the new model was used for the first time. In addition, during these exercises, one of the Rtut-BM vehicles for the first time appeared not in the official photo and video materials of the manufacturer.
On May 18, NTV channel in the “Today” program. Final issue" showed a report on the exercises of electronic warfare troops, which demonstrated various samples equipment supplied to last years. Among other vehicles, the Rtut-BM electronic warfare vehicle was captured for the first time. Newest car, leaving behind a cloud of dust, spectacularly drove past the camera several times. Such a demonstration was the first time that “Rtut-BM” was captured by journalists and was shown to the general public not in official promotional materials. It should be noted that for some reason this report went almost unnoticed in May. About the first fact of the demonstration new technology They only remembered it on television at the end of July.
From last year’s KRET report it follows that the number of Rtut-BM vehicles in the Russian armed forces is still small. It is known that the first batch of ten cars was transferred. In addition, another prototype vehicle could have been transferred to the troops a year earlier, but there is no confirmation of this. Further mass production new technology will continue. Electronic warfare troops will receive several new vehicles every year. Probably, the production rate will not exceed 10-12 cars per year.
The 1L262 "Rtut-BM" complex (alternative designation SPR-2M) is a self-propelled electronic warfare system on an MT-LBu tracked chassis. Main purpose radio-electronic equipment installed on a tracked vehicle is counteraction guided weapons enemy, as well as ammunition equipped with radio fuses. "Mercury-BM" is further development complex 1L29 "Rtut-B", created in the eighties. The development of both machines of the family was carried out by the Gradient Research Institute. According to available data, serial production of 1L262 machines is carried out by several enterprises: base chassis MT-LBu is supplied by the Muromteplovoz plant (Murom), radio-electronic equipment is manufactured at NPO Kvant (Murom). Velikiy Novgorod), and the final assembly is carried out by the Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant.
The main task of 1L262 vehicles is to protect troops from artillery fire enemy using shells equipped with radio fuses. During operation, the electronic warfare equipment of the vehicle detects enemy ammunition, determines the carrier frequency of its radio fuse, and then creates interference of the appropriate frequency and high power. As a result of such an impact, the radio fuse of the enemy projectile either detonates the ammunition at a relatively safe height, or is turned off and the projectile will be detonated using a contact fuse. In both cases, the threats to the covered troops are greatly reduced.
The electronics of the Rtut-BM complex operate in automatic mode and is capable of performing all necessary operations automatically. According to available data, it takes no more than a few fractions of a second to interfere with a car. The frequency of the radio fuse is determined with an accuracy of several hundred hertz. Determining the carrier frequency of a radio fuse takes no more than a few tens of microseconds. The interference is emitted for several milliseconds intermittently, thereby creating an almost continuous signal that provides the proper effect on the radio fuse.
At the same time, the 1L262 complex is capable of suppressing up to six radio channels with a probability of neutralizing the radio fuse of up to 0.8. This ensures the possibility of continuous operation for six hours. It takes no more than 10 minutes to deploy the complex. During operation, the Rtut-BM electronic warfare vehicle can protect troops over an area of 20 to 50 hectares.
The equipment of the Rtut-BM complex is installed on the MT-LBu tracked chassis. Most of radio-electronic equipment is located inside an armored housing. Outside there is a telescopic mast with a set of antennas. Thanks to the use of new equipment built on a modern element base, it was possible to halve the crew of the vehicle in comparison with the previous Rtut-B vehicle. The 1L262 electronic warfare vehicle is operated by two people (driver and systems operator).
According to the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern, the need of the Russian armed forces for the Rtut-BM complexes is estimated at at least 100 vehicles. In addition, the complex has good potential for international market weapons and military equipment. Currently in electronic warfare troops there are at least ten 1L262 vehicles, as well as a number of older equipment for a similar purpose, model 1L29 “Rtut-B”. In the foreseeable future, contracts for the supply of new Rtut-BM machines should be signed.
Based on materials from sites:
http://ntv.ru/
http://gurkhan.blogspot.hu/
http://pravda-tv.ru/
http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-803.html
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