Genitive plural. Variants of genitive plural endings
Difficult plural forms of nouns
Among the forms of nouns, the formation of which may be associated with certain difficulties, include the plural forms of the nominative case ( directors or directors, valves or valve?) and the plural forms of the genitive case of some nouns ( five grams And five grams, five oranges or five orange?)
1. Plural forms of the nominative case of nouns: directors or directors?
The nominative plural form of nouns is checked in dictionary order (according to the dictionary). See section "Word Check" on our portal. Please note: searching for a word in dictionaries is carried out using the initial form (nominative case, singular)!
The dictionary entry is read as follows: if the entry does not specifically indicate the plural form (mark pl.), then to form the nominative plural, the ending is used -And or -s. If a different ending is required (or options are acceptable), then a note is placed: pl. -A. For example:
In the modern Russian literary language, variants fluctuate in the form named after. p.m. hours, number over 300 words. The center of the spread of inflexion -and I) are the areas of vernacular and professional language. In this regard, the forms on -and I) often have a colloquial or professional connotation: contract, mechanic, turner. The forms are on -s(s) more neutral and for most words meet the traditional norms of the literary language. However, in some cases the forms on -and I) have already replaced forms with -s(s).
In addition, you can remember a number of patterns that make it easier to choose the inflection (ending) of the nominative plural:
Declined neuter nouns, the initial form of which ends in -KO, have an unstressed plural inflection. h. them. P. -And (faces, feathers, apples). The exception is nouns with stressed plural endings. h.: troops And clouds.
The remaining neuter nouns are in the plural form. h. accept the ending -and I): swamps, fields, seas, windows.
Form on -and I for some words it may be the only or predominant: side - sides (sides only in phraseological combination hands on hips); century - centuries (eyelids only in phraseological combinations for once, forever and ever, forever and ever), eye - eyes, meadow - meadows, fur - furs, snow - snow, haystack - haystacks, silk - silk.
Shapes can have different meanings: tones(about color) and tones(about sound) of bread(about cereals) and breads(about baked bread) workshops And workshops(at the enterprise) and workshops(medieval organizations of artisans).
Forms of nouns can differ in stylistic coloring: sides and outdated sides; Houses and outdated houses; stern and outdated stern; horns and outdated and poet. horns; varieties and outdated varieties; volumes and outdated then we, and thunder and poet. thunder; coffins and poet. coffin
Finally, the forms of nouns can be equivalent and interchangeable: of the year And years(But: years of youth, severe hardships; nineties, zero years), workshops And workshops(at the enterprise), storms And storms.
To resolve the issue of the status of a “controversial” form of a word (non-normative, variant, stylistically colored, etc.), in any case, you need to consult a dictionary.
Non-standard plurals are formed for words child - children, person - people, bottom - donya and some others.
2. Plural forms of the genitive case of nouns: five grams or five grams?
For most masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock), the ending is typical -s in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc. A wide range of exceptions can be identified from this rule - similar nouns, but having a zero ending in the genitive plural: one stocking - no stockings, one Ossetian - five Ossetians, one gram - five grams And five grams etc. Such words include:
Names of people by nationality and by belonging to military units, mainly used in the plural forms in the collective meaning: Magyars - Magyars, Turkmens - Turkmens, midshipmen - midshipmen and midshipmen, partisans - partisans, soldiers - soldiers; This also includes the form p. p.m. h. Human.
Names of paired items: boots - boots, eyes - eyes, cuffs - cuffs, shoulder straps - shoulder straps, stockings - stockings, epaulettes - epaulettes, boots - boots.
Names of measures and units of measurement: 220 volts, 1000 watts, 5 amps, 500 gigabytes. If such names are used outside the “measuring” context (in other words, the genitive case form is not countable), then the ending is used -s: live without excess kilograms, not enough gigabytes.
It should be noted that the names of fruits, fruits and vegetables, which are masculine nouns, ending in a hard consonant ( orange, eggplant, tomato, tangerine), in the genitive plural form. hours have an ending -s: five oranges, a kilogram of eggplants, New Year without tangerines, tomato salad.
For some nouns, plural forms are formed. h. birth n. difficult; these are words dream, prayer, head. On the contrary, the words shchetz And firewood have no other forms except the plural form. h. birth case.
See: "Russian Grammar", M., 1980.
I. The main ending of masculine nouns is -ov/ (-ev )-ev :mushrooms, cargo, directors, regions, museums etc.
Some words have an ending - to her (residents, teachers, knives) And zero ending ( shoe, townspeople).
1. End -ov/ (-ev )-ev characteristic of those nouns whose final sound in the singular (nominative case) is a hard consonant (except and And w) or -j(in writing - letter th ):mushroom - mushrooms, cucumber - cucumbers, edge - edges, museum - museums etc.
2. End -to her characteristic of those masculine nouns whose final sound in the singular is a soft consonant (except -j) or f, w:dove - pigeons, acorn - acorns, executioner - executioners, knife - knives, baby - babies.
The same ending has a number of words in -and I masculine and general gender: father, uncle, uncle, raja, Chukchi, young man;mumble, idle talk,(Not)equal, quiet, as well as male informal names with a base on a soft consonant or hissing: Volodya - Volodya, Serezha - Serezha.
3.Zero the ending is inherent in nouns, which are the following names:
a) paired items: boots - boot, boots - bot, felt boots - felt boots, eyes - eyes, leggings - leggings, moccasins - mokasun, shoulder straps - shoulder straps, boot - boot, stockings - stockings, boots - boots, epaulettes - epaulette, and hair - hair, teeth - tooth.
Exceptions: aiguillettes - aiguillettes, boots - boots, golfs - golfs, pima - pimov, horns - horns(but in phraseology - horn:lively cow Godhorn does not give).
Some words of this semantic group have variant stylistically equivalent endings: sneakers - sneakers And sneaker;sock – sock And socks, high boots - high boots And This V;
b) a number of nationalities, nationalities, tribes (including the names of disappeared peoples, as well as names used before), mainly with a final consonant -n or -R(singular): English – English, Armenian not – Armenian n, Bashkurs - Bashkur, Balkars - Balkar, Bulgarians - Bulgarians, Gruzuns - Gruzun, Imeretuns - Imeretun, Lezguns - Lezgun, Madya ry – Madya r, Moldovans - Moldovans, Ossetians - Ossetians, Rums us - rooms n, Tatars - Tatars, Turks - Turks, Khazars - Khazars, Gypsies - Gypsies.
Some words of this group have variant stylistically equivalent endings: Avars – Avars And Avarov, storm you are the storm T And storm Tov, Karelians - Karel And Karelians, Sarmatians – Sarmatians And Sarmatians, Turkmens – Turkmen And Turkmens, Uighurs – Uighur And Uighurs.
But: Aisors, Arabs, Berbers, Bushmen, Hungarians, Kazakhs, Mongols, Negroes and some etc.;
c) people at their place of residence -anin/-yanin (in which this suffix is replaced in the plural by the suffix -an/-yang ):city dweller - city dweller, alien nin – alien N, Kiev Nin – Kiev n, sitting down nin – selya n, southerner – southerner etc.;
d) young, non-adult creatures with the suffix -onok/-yonok (changing in the plural to the suffix -am/-yat ):wolf cub - wolf cubs, kitten - kittens, chicken - chickens etc. Wed. and slang salazhonok – salazhat; according to the same pattern also oil can - butter, honey mushroom - honey mushroom,
Note Genitive case from imp, imp - imp t, devil T.
e) people by belonging to certain branches of the military, to a military unit, to certain political parties: partisan, soldier, cadet.
A number of names based on the type of military service (including the former) and rank have variant stylistically equivalent forms: hussars – hussar And hussars, grenadiers - grenadier And grenadiers, dragoons – dragoons And draguns, cuirassurs – cuirassur And cuirasurs, lancers - ulans And ulans, midshipmen – midshipman And midshipmen. Wed, for example: “On November 22, Seslavin sent me to clear the left side of the Vilna road with a hundred Sumy hussar, platoon dragoon Tver regiment and a dozen Donets" (A. Marlinsky); "... a Frenchman in a blue overcoat fought off with a bayonet hussars" (L.T.); "In the evening of the same day, the king sent regiments of guards and dragoon"(Buganov V.I. Peter the Great and his time);
f) some units of measurement: ampere, watt(kilowatt etc. with -watt), volt, x-ray(and compound words with - x-ray). For example, "...the natural radiation background is usually 15–20 micro-roentgen per hour..." (Koms. pr. 1990. May 12).
A number of names of units of measurement (in most cases belong to highly specialized vocabulary) have variant stylistically equivalent endings, ángström – ángström And ángström, arshin – arshunov And arshun, hertz – hertz And hertz, karat – karatov And carat, micron – micron And micron and some etc. Wed, for example: “Ruby in a ring for eleven carats " (A.N.T.) and "According to official data, diamond production should have exceeded 500 thousand in 1965 carat
"(Abroad. 1966. January 21). In texts that are not strictly official, nouns can also have a zero ending (very common in live oral speech, in the author’s speech of fiction) hectare, gram, kilogram. Wed: “Sixteen thousand mothers will receive rations at dawn - One hundred and twenty-five blockade gram With fire and blood in half" (Berggolts O.F. From the Leningrad poem); "[Polar explorers] say that several kilogram weight lost over these days" (Orlov V. Chronicle of a Drift), but: "More than 40 million are concentrated here hectares crops" (Project 1965. March 31); "The first 415 are packed kilograms
valuable nutritious food in dry form" (Zn. 1983. February 3). In texts that are not strictly official, the literary norm allows for a zero ending and for words denoting some vegetables, fruits: (kilo)
apricot, orange, eggplant, tangerine, tomato. zero II. 1. For neuter nouns, the main one is ending: bucket - buckets, business - affairs, housing - housing, building - buildings, window - window, gun - gun (words like building, gun, -j those. words based on , refer to those nouns that have a fluent vowel before the zero ending in the genitive plural: And-, if the accent does not fall on the ending, and-e-,
if the ending is stressed). 2. Some neuter nouns in the genitive case have an ending . -ov/-ev
These include: a) nouns, in the plural forms of which appears before the ending:-j-→bottom→bottom, bottom, link → links, links, wing → wings*, wings; log;
logs, logs b) nouns in-ko (except army, ear**, me block, I)***:block;
shaft - shafts, wheel - wheels, cloud - clouds, lake - lakes, glasses - glasses, shoulder - shoulders -j c) some nouns with stems (singular and plural); upper reaches - upper reaches, lower reaches - lower reaches (And)lower reaches, tip - points, dress - dresses, spread - spreads, mouth - mouths, and also the word(swamp).
* The noun wing previously also had forms wings, wings, wings, wings. These outdated forms are used in modern poetic speech, cf.: “The swallows beckon me there, Wings ringing in flight, the July linden trees in bloom intoxicate and intoxicate my soul" ( M. Dudin); "There was noise over Russia wing funeral, How sparrow wings now make noise" ( Yu. Drunina) Outside of poetic sublime speech, such forms are inappropriate. Thus, the genitive case form is unjustified wings instead of wings in a context like: “They [geese] fly to these inaccessible places from afar to molt: they drop from wings old feathers graze and swim in anticipation of new ones" (Pr. 1973. September 18)
** The word eye ("hole in a needle") has the shape ears
*** There is therefore an error in the following usage: “The branches of the apple trees were bent by the many small strong apples” (Yun. 1965 No. 3).
Note. Words saucer, mirror, lake, railing, towel have zero ending: blue child, mirror, pepper, towel.
Part of the words on -tse has variant endings, one of which, as a rule, is more common than the second (the more common below is given first): tree→trees And trees, ring → rings And ring, spindle→spindles And spindle, bucket→Vedorytsev And little bucket, little business→businessmen And businessman, Taurus → Taurus And corpuscle, fiber→Fibers And fiber, trough → trough And trough, blanket→blanket And blankets, polenets → polenets And log, tentacle → tentacles And tentacle, hoof → hooves And kopytets, lace → lace And lace, shiltse → shiltsev And Shilets. Wed, for example; "[Meresyev] allowed himself to eat only ten spoons and a few Fibers white, soft chicken meat" (Polevoy B.N. The Tale of a Real Man) and: "With a decrease in the amount of twist, the connection of individual elementary fiber"(Anuchin S.A. et al. Design and maintenance of twisting machines); "The bulk of those sold here trees is obtained through the barbaric destruction of already scarce forests" (Lit. Gaz. 1966. December 31) and: "... when the crowns of individual trees merge into a common closed canopy and the trees begin to experience mutual lateral shading, then a struggle arises over the light" (G. Morozov. Teaching about oneself), etc.
III. For feminine nouns of the 2nd declension, the main one is zero ending: (s) roofs, pine trees, apple trees,(without) poker, sisters, weddings etc.
A small number of feminine nouns in -and I has an ending - to her . It is given to words that have a group of consonants before the ending. –gl-, -kl-, -hl-: (No) kech she, boocl she, sacl she, roxl to her, as well as words share→share, penya→peney, candle→candles(but in phraseology - candles:the game is not worth itcandles ).
A small number of words have variant endings: barge - barge And barge, doodle - doodle And doodle, song - songs And song*, handful - handful And handful, sheet–simple no And sheets, pimp - pimp And vault, shutter - shutter And shutter, aunt - aunt And aunt.
* Variant form song, which modern linguistic consciousness associates with the noun song, is the "legal" form of the genitive plural from the traditional poetic song, belonging to the 3rd declension. Wed: "What are you starting song military?" (Derzhavin G.R.); "He sang love, obedient to love, And song it was clear" (P.); "The bell rings monotonously, And the road gathers a little dust, And sadly it spills over the flat field song coachman" (I. Makarov), etc.
Ending - to her also characteristic of feminine nouns with soft consonants and sibilants (3rd declension): role–rolled, fabric–fabrics, night–nights. Just a word fathom has two forms: fathoms And fathoms
As for nouns used only in the plural form, difficulties with choosing the correct form of the genitive case relate mainly to proper names.
Therefore, common nouns of this type are not considered here, and those interested in the genitive case forms of proper names can be referred to the “Dictionary of Stresses for Radio and Television Workers” by F.L. Ageenko and M.V. Zarvy.
Masculine 1) All names of paired items have a zero ending:.
shoe, boot, stocking, trousers, shoulder straps, scissors : Exceptionsock .
ov
2) The names of nationalities are subject to the following rules: a) words with a base in - n, -r have null endings:
Englishmen, Armenians, Georgians, Lezgins, Ossetians, Romanians, Turkmens, Gypsies, Bashkirs, Bulgarians. Exception:black person
ov. sock: b) words with stems starting from other letters have the ending -sock Kyrgyzsock , Kalmyksock , Tajiksock , Uzbeksock , Mongoliansock .
Englishmen, Armenians, Georgians, Lezgins, Ossetians, Romanians, Turkmens, Gypsies, Bashkirs, Bulgarians. , Yakut
Turks, Buryats.
3) The names of military groups and former branches of the military require the following endings: a) without numerals they have a zero ending:;
partisan, soldier, grenadier, midshipman, hussar, dragoon, lancer sock: b) the previous types of troops with numerals have endings -sock 10th Hussarssock , 5 midshipmansock , 6th Hussarssock .
, 7 Lancers
4) The names of units of measurement vary: A);
ampere, watt, gram, kilogram, x-ray, coulomb b)sock amperesock , wattsock , gramsock , kilogramsock , pendantsock .
Truncated forms ( ampere, gram
5) The names of the group “vegetables - fruits” have endings - sock: orangesock , mandarinsock , bananasock , tomatosock , eggplantsock .
Truncated forms ( orange, tangerine, banana, tomato) are characteristic of colloquial speech.
Feminine
1) Nouns ending in - la, -nya have a null ending: waffles, roofs, gossip, nannies, cherries, apple trees.
2) Some nouns have the ending - to her: candlesto her , raketo her , sheetto her .
There are also variant forms: The game is worth the candle But: There are no candles in the houseto her . However, the word candle here used in literal and figurative (phraseological) meanings (indicate which).
3) Nouns ending in - and I have an ending - th: auditorth , academicianth , conservativeth .
Neuter gender
1. A number of names have a zero ending: apples, shoulders, saucers of towels, mirrors.
Pay attention to the shape of the shoulders ( Dress with and without shoulders!)
2. The normative forms are: th: coastth , provincialth , drugsth .
3. There are also forms on - ev: Ustev , bolotetsev , upper reachesev , lowerev .
Nouns that are always used only in the plural (without gender) form the genitive case using different types of endings:
zero: twilight; days;
-s: frostsock ;
To her: weekday to her, nursery to her, san to her.
Numeral Cardinal numbers When using compound cardinal numerals in speech, you should remember that 1) they must be in the same case as the noun denoting the subject; 2) according to cases, all components forming the numeral change.
people Numerals 40, 90, 100 Numerals forty, ninety And one hundred differ from others in that in all indirect cases, except the accusative, they have the ending
cars 5348, Declining cardinal numbers containing word
thousand tr §2.3. Fractional numbers When using numerals denoting fractional numbers , the noun is always in the genitive singular, and all parts of the numeral change according to cases: im. – three point six percent, genus. – three point six percent etc. (wrong: * percent
Numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred:
Ordinals Let's remember the following rule! In compound ordinal numbers by case, only the last word changes, and all previous words are used in the initial form (nominative singular). For example:
In accordance with this rule, the numeral denoting the year changes as follows:
Collective numbers How to say: two girls or two girls? about three days or about three days? about both rivers or about both rivers? Numerals 40, 90, 100 two, three, four, five, six, seven, as well as less commonly used eight, nine, ten can only be used in certain cases: 1) with nouns that name people and are not related to the feminine grammatical gender ( two people, seven children, five students, three unknown people, two colleagues); 2) with personal pronouns we you they (there are four of us, there are two of them); 3) with nouns that do not have a singular form ( two scissors, four gates, three jeans, two days). It is a violation of the norm to use these numerals with feminine nouns (* three girls,* five schoolgirls), as well as with the names of inanimate objects (* two tables, *three windows). Declension of collective numerals
Declension of numerals both/both
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Verb
Features of conjugation of some verbs
Many verbs cannot be formed into the 1st person form (i): dare, outshine, win, convince, appear, weird, blow, please etc. However, this phenomenon is overcome in common speech, and personal forms of the verb that are unusual for the ear are sometimes used * I dare *I'll wake up etc. Wed. also in the humorous song of V. Vysotsky: Miracle-Juda I will win anyway.
Verbs with infinitive -to: burn, flow, stove(16 word forms in total), form variant forms of the 3rd person singular: along with literary ones: burns, flows, bakes– vernacular burns, flows, bakes.
Features of the formation of the imperative mood of some verbs.
Some verbs do not have imperative forms: want, be able, see, hear, go, crave, rot etc. Used in the 19th century. Old Slavonic forms look, listen became archaisms; vernacular options * can't, *go, *go, *ride remain outside the literary norm, form go is conversational in nature. Only the form is literary go (those).
Weigh me five kilograms of oranges.
Yeah, you need five kilograms of orange, wait a minute.
It would seem like an ordinary scene in a store, but it makes you think: who uses words correctly and who uses words incorrectly? Thus the problem arises: plural nouns.
Oranges or orange?
For the most part, masculine nouns, which in the singular have a hard consonant at the end, have the ending -ov in the form we are interested in.
- A lot of oranges needed for juice.
- Some tomatoes enough for a salad.
- Heap fly agarics grew around the stump.
- Five computers Sponsors brought them to the school.
- Dish from eggplant The food here is delicious.
- Basket honey agaric became a reward for a two-hour walk through the forest.
- Kilogram tangerines It won’t hurt for the New Year’s table.
- Pair socks from my grandmother - a New Year's gift.
Gram or grams?
The names of units of measurement have a zero ending if used in a “measurement” context:
- One hundred and twenty volt enough.
- Normal voltage - two hundred and twenty watt.
- One hundred Wed: “Sixteen thousand mothers will receive rations at dawn - One hundred and twenty-five blockade it won't hurt now.
- Five b)- too few.
- A hundred hectare the fields were empty.
- There are five hundred here gigabyte memory.
- Eighty arshin red silk went to the flags.
- Just ten hertz!
If the genitive plural of nouns does not have a counting value, then you need to use the ending -ov:
- You only need to add a hundred grams.
- Five are missing crops" (Project 1965. March 31); "The first 415 are packed.
- Without necessary gigabytes It will not be possible to download all the information.
Turkmen or Turkmens?
The nationality of people has a collective meaning, therefore the genitive form of nouns is used mainly with a zero ending:
- Group Turkmen went to the plane's steps.
- Some Armenians made up a team of builders.
- He's among English increased.
- Arrival Bulgarians was furnished solemnly.
- Steppe games Bashkir- this is a tradition.
- Dancing Lezgin charge with their energy.
- Performances Romanian were registered in the prostocol.
- Attack Saracen was a common occurrence in those days.
- A lot of Tatars lives in Crimea.
- Offensive Turk was stopped.
- Dancing Gypsy- the highlight of the program.
- Fellowship Ossetian Petersburg welcomed new members of the community with joy.
- Some of Buryat already in those days I understood all the advantages of joining Russia.
- Songs Georgian- my weakness.
This also applies to the word “person”: several Human came out in support of the opponent.
But these genitive plural nouns also have a number of exceptions:
- Caravan Bedouins moved slowly across the desert sands.
- Selenya Berbers are not distinguished by the intricacy of their structures.
- Customs Bushmen simple and clear.
- Protest blacks on plantations in America was natural.
- Capital Kalmyks today it is a modern city.
- Performance Kyrgyz was received very favorably by the public.
- Yurts Mongols scattered throughout the vast steppe.
- Dancing Oirots mesmerizing.
- Someone from Tajiks spoke in his own language, addressing his brothers.
- Villages Tungus usually located along river banks.
- Expression of will Uzbeks was heard by their president.
- Among Khakassians There are few purebreds anymore.
- I decided to learn the language Croatians
- Arrival Yakuts I had made an appointment for the conference in advance.
This also includes military names:
- Regiment midshipman located in a small forest. (Some midshipmen were sent on patrol).
- Squadron hussar attacked from the flanks. (Form hussars is unusual).
- Songs partisans imbued with the dream of a peaceful life.
- Company soldier moved into position.
And here there are exceptions: he took it from the miners, gathered midshipmen, sent sappers.
Boot or shoes?
The genitive plural of nouns denoting paired objects is mostly expressed with a zero ending:
- No boot The child has.
- From eye sparks flew.
- Edge cuff peeking out from under the sleeves of his jacket.
- Pair shoulder strap He always kept it in his suitcase as a reserve.
- Without stocking much better.
- Shine epaulet blinded the young ladies.
- Bolt boot echoed across the paving stones.
Exception: no socks.
It is difficult to form the genitive plural form from some nouns: head, dream, prayer. And the words shchetz And firewood there are no other forms, only genitive plural forms.
Waffle or waffle?
The formation of the genitive plural of feminine nouns is characterized by a zero ending in the words:
- Tutu waffles for the child was always in the closet.
- Some domain haven't launched yet.
- There was no one in the house at all poker
- Tops roofs appeared in the distance.
- ends shaft stuck into the ground.
- Bunch rod was already soaked in the trough.
- It's time weddings- november.
- No need gossip
- Rows estates reached for the vegetable gardens.
- Nests herons darkened in the reeds.
- On hands nannies the child grew up.
Some of these nouns have the ending -е:
- There can be no equal in this matter shares.
- Lacks skittles.
- Some a handful the seeds were pumped into Kolka’s pocket from the seller’s bucket.
- Roofs sakley disappeared around the bend.
- Light candles filled the entire hall.
- We don't have any extra sheets.
Young ladies or young ladies?
The genitive plural of feminine nouns that end in -nya in the singular has a zero ending, and the soft sign is not written in all words:
Backwoods or boondocks?
Nouns of the genitive plural of the neuter gender and some of the feminine gender vary: in the bookish style of speech they have the stem in -iy, and in the colloquial style they have the ending -ev, and there are words in which there is only one normative form.
Without options it is written - ii in the following words:
- Rows of sharp copies stretched to the horizon.
- Beware the deep ones gorges.
- Enemies are afraid of ours changes.
- The grace of her subtle wrists amazed me.
- We need to cover our rear armies.
- Beware of these tricks naughty.
Some words ending in -ev have the same variant-free form:
- River forests upper reaches- protected areas.
- At the most (And we are fishing.
- We install networks around mouths small rivers.
- Now she had a lot dresses.
- I should add a few links.
- The boy entered the house carrying an armful of logs
- Shine sharpened points instilled confidence in victory.
- Two apprentices slept on benches.
In nouns gun And bench, judge plural form of the genitive case: guns, benches, judges.
Saucer or saucers?
Without variants, some forms of the genitive plural of a neuter noun have:
- Basket apples stood under a tree.
- Not deep enough saucer.
- No mirror in girls.
- Lacks blanket for babies.
- Terry towels is also missing.
- I haven't tried octopus tentacles
- There are many small ones in this area swamps.
- This is a dress from Kruzhevtsev.
Some words, along with the zero ending, have variable variants:
- knees - knees - knees;
- knees - knees;
- trough - trough;
- kopyts - kopytsev.
Rake or rake?
Genitive plural nouns that do not have a singular form have a null ending or the endings -ov or -ey:
zero | -ov, -ev | -to her |
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Task or task?
Genitive plural nouns with a zero ending in sibilant do not have a soft sign at the end.
- many tasks;
- several dwellings;
- your shoulders;
- heavy burdens;
- no galoshes;
- lack of storage;
- your faces;
- forest thickets;
- roofs of dachas.
Practical work
Now that you know everything about the phenomenon of forming the genitive plural of nouns, complete several tasks.
1. Instead of a question mark, put a soft sign or a blank:
- your(?) comrade(?);
- borscht(?) hot(?);
- quickly multiply(?)those;
- will you get(?) married(?);
- the rich man is handsome, broad-shouldered(?);
- hataesh(?)sya for the tug(?);
- collapse(?) on your back(?);
- come running(?) at a gallop(?);
- open(?) wide(?);
- sword(?) sparkling(?);
- blue ink(?);
- perform(?) exactly(?)-to-exactly(?);
- accumulation of clouds(?);
- it will soon be(?) midnight(?);
- treasure chest(?);
- Buckshot(?) whistles;
- too much(?) guess(?) false(?);
- many schools(?);
- musical touch(?);
- burn(?) brick(?);
- minced meat(?) fresh(?);
- swing(?) backhand(?);
- struggling(?)to solve problems(?);
- don't say it's not hefty(?).
2. Place the words in the plural in the genitive case of the word.
Ambition, acacia, slaughterhouse, hawthorn, upper reaches, young lady, heroine, nesting place, preparation room, arable land, melon, building, definition, cherry, kitchen, bakery, estate, belief, essay, typography, rowan, history, presentation, mouth, anvil, princess, gun, dress, village, apprentice, dancer, nanny, square, operation, meditation, weapon, ovation, village, reading room.
3. Form words according to the model:
- Buryats - Buryats: Bashkirs, Turkmens, Bulgarians;
- cores - cores: numbers, chairs, logs, ribs;
- Kyrgyz - Kyrgyz: Cossacks, Uzbeks, Tajiks;
- lace - lace, trough, hoof;
- socks - socks: straps;
- boots - boots: stockings, boots, felt boots;
- lemons - lemons: eggplants, tangerines;
- amperes - amperes: microns, arshins, volts;
- grains - grains: feathers, windows;
- splashes - splashes: beads, holidays;
- stretcher - stretcher: sled, darkness;
- apples - apples: pears;
- towels - towels: blankets, saucers;
- traps - traps: nostrils, feet;
- sakli - sakley: feuds, skittles;
- shoes - shoes: waffles, shafts;
- ticks - ticks: nurseries, everyday life.
4. The nominative and genitive plurals of nouns are closely related. From the nouns in brackets (im.p.) form the correct form (r.p.).
1) A lot of new (towels), (saucers), (blankets), (bedspread) were brought in for the opening of (nursery).
2) Many (hectares) of forests burned from the summer (fire).
3) What a delight the smell of (cherry) and (apple) trees are in bloom!
4) What beautiful bodies of water were located near (the estate)!
5) A huge amount (vitamins) is contained in just one hundred grams of (oranges) and (lemons).
6) We had a new meter installed for 10 (amps).
7) The new collection (boots) and (shoes) has arrived in stores.
Plural nouns in the genitive case are practically no different from singular forms: they perform similar syntactic functions and answer the same questions. This article discusses ways to form genitive plural forms, as well as the most difficult cases.
What is the genitive plural of nouns?
The genitive plural of nouns is represented by case forms of nouns with endings -ov (-ev), -ey, -iy and zero ending. Like singular forms, they answer questions Whom? What?, perform the same syntactic functions and can express subjective, objective or attributive meaning in speech.
Examples of genitive plural forms of nouns: apples, roads, hopes, glasses, tables, corners, trees, leaves, logs, mothers, mice, cases.
Formation of genitive plural forms
The endings of plural nouns in the genitive case in different declensions are shown in the table with examples.
Difficult cases of form formation
When forming genitive plural forms, the 2nd declension often makes mistakes by choosing the wrong case ending.
The following nouns have a zero ending in the plural:
TOP 2 articleswho are reading along with this
- Denoting paired items (mainly clothes and shoes). Examples: hand, boot, boot, stocking, trouser leg(Butsocks, rails);
- Names of large military groups, military branches. Examples: in the meaning of a collective noun – (squad) soldier, hussar, lancer, cadet, partisan, midshipman; but in the meaning of individuals– (three) midshipmen, hussars, cadets;
- The names of some nationalities are mainly based on -n, -r. Examples: Gypsies, Ossetians, Turkmen, Bulgarians, Khazars and etc.;
- Names of some units of measurement. Examples: arshin, volt, watt, newton, hertz and etc. ( But carats - carat, grams - grams, ohms - ohms, microns - microns and etc.);
- Words based on -tsa. Examples: hearts, rings, saucers, tentacles.
Endings -ov(s) in R. p. plural. numbers have nouns:
oranges, tomatoes, apricots, tangerines, bananas, eggplants, tomatoes, jeans, canned food, comments, socks, rails
And also some names of nationalities.