Regional economic groupings on a contour map. World integration groups
Natural resources. Eastern Siberia is called the edge of the future. How true is this statement?
Availability of various natural resources for the development of modern sectors of the economy. Favorable natural conditions for life and economic activity person. An environmentally friendly environment for people to live.
Eastern Siberia is fabulously rich in various natural resources - mineral, energy, forest, etc. Among the natural resources Eastern Siberia highest value have mineral ones, among which the most important are fuel and energy. About 80% of the country's hard and brown coal reserves are concentrated in Eastern Siberia (Tunguska, Lensky, Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo, South Yakutsk and other basins). Eastern Siberia is rich and ore deposits; iron ores of Korshunovsky and Abakan fields, Angaro-Pite region; copper-nickel ores of Norilsk, the formation of which is associated with trap magmatism, polymetals of Altai, bauxites of the Eastern Sayan Mountains.
Large deposits of non-metallic minerals are known: mica, graphite, Iceland spar, building materials, salts (for example, table salt in Usolye-Sibirskoye).
Eastern Siberia still retains its traditional role as the main supplier of gold in the country (the oldest Bodaibo deposit in Yakutia, deposits of the Minusinsk Basin, Transbaikalia). Great value For the country's economy, the largest diamond deposits are in Yakutia, the formation of which is also associated with trap magmatism.
Rice. 130. Eastern Siberia. Sayan Mountains
Eastern Siberia is generously endowed with hydropower resources. Mighty Rivers, collecting their waters from territories equal in area to many European countries, taken together, create good opportunities for the construction of hydroelectric power stations. High-water Yenisei, Lena, Vilyui, Selenga, Olekma, Angara are convenient for the construction of hydroelectric power stations and obtaining relatively cheap electricity. Hydroelectric power stations have already been built on the Yenisei (Sayano-Shushenskaya and Krasnoyarsk), on the Angara, etc.
Rivers are transport routes, connecting hinterland region with the Northern Sea Route and the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Eastern Siberia is one of the greatest forest areas globe. About half of all are concentrated here forest resources our country. The bulk of timber reserves falls on valuable conifers: larch, pine, cedar, spruce, fir.
Larch, which makes up 2/3 of Eastern Siberian forests, is most adapted to the harsh climate. She has the same one durable wood, like oak, and larch structures are very durable. However, pine predominates in logging. This is due to such disadvantages of larch as the difficulty of rafting due to the heavy wood (with moth rafting, that is, individual logs, it sinks), and there are simply no other ways to deliver timber from the harvesting site other than rivers; In addition, larch wood is difficult to machine.
Veliki biological resources region. The taiga has long been famous for its fur trade, with Siberian sable occupying a special place; collecting mushrooms, berries, nuts (the most valuable of which are pine).
Fishing is a constant activity on all major rivers of Eastern Siberia and especially on Lake Baikal.
In the south of the region they are developing soil resources. The soils are especially fertile in the depressions and areas of forest-steppe and steppe in the foothills of Altai.
The development of the territory's rich recreational resources also begins.
Rivers and lakes Eastern Siberia - these are not only suppliers of electricity, but also cheap transport routes, and sources of much-needed household and household supplies. fresh water. Moreover, this wonderful places rest and treatment. Every year the number of people coming to get acquainted with the most beautiful corners of Eastern Siberia, such as Baikal, Lake Teletskoye, the Stolby Nature Reserve near Krasnoyarsk and many others, is growing. The richest forests of Eastern Siberia provide not only excellent timber, but also valuable furs, nuts and berries.
Harsh, harsh continental climate Eastern Siberia, the predominance of highly dissected topography, permafrost and sparse population of the territory limit the possibilities for agricultural development, mining, and road construction.
Development of Taimyr. The indigenous peoples of Taimyr are primarily the Nenets and Dolgans. The Yakuts also live here. All these peoples used to be engaged in reindeer herding and hunting, roaming the tundra in search of fur-bearing animal. Modern life peoples of the Taimyr North, its economy and culture are closely connected with the development of the Northern Sea Route. Back in early XVII V. The Russians went around the Taimyr Peninsula and reached the Laptev Sea. In the 18th century M. V. Lomonosov compiled a treatise “ Brief description different travels around northern seas and indications of a possible passage by the Siberian Ocean in East India" In 1875, A.E. Nordenskiöld sailed from Sweden to the Yenisei Gulf. In 1876, at the expense of the Siberian merchant A. Sibiryakov, he repeated this journey. In 1877, the Russian captain D.I. Shwanenberg delivered a cargo of Siberian goods by sea to St. Petersburg - furs, fish, graphite, etc. The Northern Sea Route was developed for export Siberian forest at the beginning of the 20th century, more precisely after 1918 Marine vessels, rising from the mouth of the Yenisei to the Igarka timber exchanges, pass by the port of Dudinka. It is not only a major port, but also the starting point of the world's northernmost railway to Norilsk.
Norilsk is a city built almost on the 70th parallel, the youngest and beautiful city Russian Arctic. Back in the 1920s. An expedition led by geologist Nikolai Nikolaevich Urvantsev discovered rich deposits of coal and copper-nickel ores here. N. N. Urvantsev was the discoverer of the unique riches of the Norilsk region. He also predicted rich deposits of polymetallic ores in neighboring Talnakh.
IN harsh conditions Far North - long polar night, severe frosts, from which rubber crumbles and metal loses its strength, in conditions strong winds, permafrost a huge plant was built and completely modern city. Special ventilation holes are installed under the buildings to cool the surface and keep the soil frozen. Wooden covers reliably protect pipes with hot water from heat loss, and the soil from thawing.
Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956)
V. A. Obruchev is an outstanding Russian scientist who devoted his entire life to the study of Siberia, Central and Central Asia.
In Central Asia, he discovered six new ridges, deposits of gold and other metals, and oil. V. A. Obruchev developed methods for fixing sand with the help of plants, created interesting works about the gold content of Siberia, put forward and substantiated the theory of the origin of loess, and was one of the founders of the science of permafrost. He published the three-volume “Geology of Siberia”, the multi-volume edition “History geological research Siberia."
Portrait of the Yenisei
A.P. Chekhov wrote: “I did not see the river more magnificent than the Yenisei... A mighty, frantic hero who does not know what to do with his strength and youth.”
Yenisei (in Evenki yene - big water) - the most water-rich of Siberian rivers, “axis of Siberia”, “brother of the ocean”.
The Yenisei belongs to the Arctic Ocean basin. The length of the Yenisei is 4102 km, the area of its basin is 2580 thousand km 2. The river begins from the steep slopes of the Sayano-Tuva highlands with two main sources: the Big and Small Yenisei. In the center of the Tuva Basin near the city of Kyzyl they unite, forming the Yenisei proper. The Yenisei flows into the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea.
IN upper reaches where the Yenisei crosses the mountains, this is typical mountain river: with a narrow gorge, rocky shores. There are numerous rifts and rapids in the riverbed. Where the Yenisei flows through the Minusinsk Basin, the nature of the flow changes. The river valley expands sharply (up to 5-15 km), and many islands appear in the riverbed. In the lower reaches, the width of the channel increases to 2-3 km. The nutrition of the Yenisei is mixed, with a predominance of snow. Yenisei, like everyone else large rivers Siberia, flows from warmer latitudes to colder ones, so in the upper reaches it is frozen for a shorter period of time. In mid-summer, the water temperature ranges from 14 to 19°C. The Yenisei freezes in the lower reaches at the end of October, in the upper reaches - in mid-November. The nature of the flow and the abundance of the Yenisei throughout the year create favorable conditions for the construction of hydroelectric power stations on it, especially in the upper reaches of the river. Here in narrow valley, where minimal land flooding and enormous water pressure are combined, the largest hydroelectric power station, Sayano-Shushenskaya, was built. The Yenisei is the most important transport artery, shipping and timber rafting route of Siberia. Krasnoyarsk is the main crossroads of the great water and great railway routes. In its vicinity, the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station was built on the Yenisei.
The river is rich in fish. Prevail: salmon - nelma, taimen; whitefish - muksun, omul, vendace; sturgeon - sturgeon, sterlet.
Table 9. Natural resources of Eastern Siberia
Questions and tasks
- Using the data from the textbook and atlas, transfer table No. 9 to your notebook and fill it out.
- Based on the data in your table, draw a conclusion about which natural resources Eastern Siberia is provided with and which are not sufficient.
- What complicates the use of natural resources in Eastern Siberia?
Located between the West Siberian and regions, in the depths Russian territory, at a considerable distance from the developed Central regions.
Development of an area rich in a diverse range of natural resources (coal, metal ores, and ) directly depends on the network of transport arteries. The main routes are Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur railways, waterway By . The natural and climatic conditions of the region are harsh (1/4 of the territory lies in the Arctic), so its development requires large investments.
EGP of Eastern Siberia complex. Eastern Siberia is very remote from the main economically developed regions of the country and the oceans, which significantly affects its economy. The natural conditions are extreme. 3/4 of the surface is occupied by mountains and plateaus; harsh, sharply continental, 25% of the territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Dominated by and. For southern regions characteristically high. Most of it is occupied and only in the extreme south are there islands and.
Natural resources of Eastern Siberia very rich. 70% of Russia's coal reserves are concentrated in Eastern Siberia. There are large deposits of ferrous and non-ferrous metal ores (copper, tin, tungsten, etc.). There are a lot of nonmetallic materials - asbestos, graphite, mica, salts. Huge hydropower resources Yenisei, Angara; 20% of the world's fresh water is contained in unique. Leading place ranks Eastern Siberia in terms of timber reserves.
It is distributed extremely unevenly - the main part is concentrated in the south along, in the rest of the territory the settlement is focal - along and in the steppe intermountain basins. There is a shortage. High degree -72%, major cities- Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Bratsk, Chita, Norilsk.
Economy of Eastern Siberia. The development of the rich resources of Eastern Siberia is difficult due to the harsh natural conditions, lack of network and shortage of labor resources. In the country's economy, the region stands out as a base for the production of cheap electricity.
Eastern Siberia specializes in the production of cheap electricity, timber and pulp and paper industries.
Eastern Siberia accounts for 1/4 of the gold mined in Russia.
Based on the use of cheap energy, petroleum products, sawmilling, coal, table and potassium salts, chemical and. The region produces: chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, clays, rubber products, and chlorine products. Centers - Achinsk and Angarsk. In Krasnoyarsk. Woodworking and pulp and paper industry enterprises were built in Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Lesosibirsk, Baikalsk, and Selenginsk. Timber harvesting is carried out in the Yenisei and Angara basins. Timber is also transported along the Yenisei, and then along the Northern Sea Route to other areas.
The region produces equipment for the mining industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Cheremkhovo), combines, river vessels, excavators (Krasnoyarsk), instruments, machine tools, electrical equipment.
The agro-industrial complex is developed mainly in the south of the region. specializes in grain farming and meat and dairy cattle breeding. Sheep farming is developed in the Chita region, Buryatia and Tuva.
The leading place belongs to grain crops. Spring wheat, oats, barley, fodder crops are cultivated, potatoes and vegetables are grown. In the north, deer are bred. Hunting and fishing are also developed
Represented by leather (Chita, Ulan-Ude), shoe (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kyzyl), fur (Krasnoyarsk, Chita), textile enterprises and wool production.
Transport. The most important routes in the region are the Trans-Siberian Railway, the BAM, the Yenisei, as well as the Northern Sea Route, which runs off the northern coast.
Branches of specialization:
- Coal power generation using brown coal mined in the Kansk-Achinsk basin open method. Large thermal power plants - Nazarovskaya, Chitinskaya, Irkutskaya.
- Hydropower. The most powerful hydroelectric power stations in Russia were built on the Yenisei (Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk).
- Non-ferrous metallurgy is represented by energy-intensive industries. Aluminum is smelted in Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Sayanogorsk, Shelekhovo, copper and nickel are smelted in Norilsk, copper is smelted in Udokan.
- The chemical, petrochemical and forest chemical industries produce a variety of water- and energy-intensive products - plastics, chemical fibers, polymers. The raw materials are processed products (Angarsk, Usolye Sibirskoye) and wood (Krasnoyarsk).
- Lesnaya and pulp and paper industry developed in the Irkutsk region and Krasnoyarsk Territory - the largest industrial logging in the country takes place here. The largest plants were built in Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Yeniseisk, and Baikalsk.
Large TPK-Norilsk, Kansko-Achinsk, Bratsko-Ust-Ilimsk, Irkutsk-Cheremkhovsk were formed on the basis of the interconnected production of coal and hydropower, non-ferrous metallurgy, forestry and, as well as in Eastern Siberia.
The future of Eastern Siberia is connected with the formation of a transport network, new energy transport and industrial complexes, and the development of the manufacturing industry, including modern ones. Of great concern ecological situation in areas of concentration industrial production- Norilsk, Baikal basin, along the BAM route.
Natural resource potential
The natural resource potential of Eastern Siberia throughextremely diverse and exceptionally large not only in size Russian, but also world standards. Significant concentrations are concentrated heremost of the world's reserves of wood, fresh water, coal, orescolored, including noble and rare, ferrous metals,as well as non-metallic minerals, in particulargraphite and diamonds.
The mineral resource base of the region includes over 1000 minesdeposits and promising manifestations in more than 80 yearsminerals. In terms of reserves and production of many mineralsand fuel resources, VSER occupies a leading position in Russiathese. The main ones are coal, aluminum, copper, nickel, co-balt, molybdenum, lead, antimony, gold, platinoids, and in the futuretive also has oil and gas, titanium and diamonds.
The supply of existing enterprises in the district isthese reserves for the main types of metals are 60-100 years, which is 2-3 times higher than the normative standards accepted in the world deadlines.
Fuel and energy raw materials occupies a prominent placein the mineral resource base of the VSER and includes stone andraw coal, oil, gas, pyrites, peat.
The region is one of the most coal-saturated areasRussia. Within its boundaries there are large coal-bearing basinsseins - Kansko-Achinsky, Irkutsk-Cheremkhovsky, Minu-Sinsky (being developed), as well as reserved for long term giant basins: Tunguska, Taimyr, North Taimyr and western part Lensky. Local coal basins contain more than 45% of all qualified resources and 26% of the country's proven coal reserves.
The Kansk-Achinsk basin is one of the largest in the world.Brown energy is mined heretic coals. Raw material base the pool is capable of 100 years to ensure annual production of up to 500 million tons, which exceedsno modern level coal mining approximately 13 times. On modern stage, these coals are supplied to large thermal power plantsstations located within the Kansko-Achinsk fuelbut-energy complex. Their long-distance transportationimpossible as per economic reasons(high ash content, low calorific value), and technological (area give the property of spontaneous combustion).
Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo basin of brown and hard coalswith balance reserves of over 20 billion tons, it is a large energy base in Eastern Siberia and Far East, providefuel supplying railway transport, electric powergenetics and public utilities.
Based on the predicted resources of oil and natural gasand condensate, Eastern Siberia ranks second in Russiaafter Western Siberia.
The largest oil reserves have been explored by geologistswithin the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky district in the south of Evenkisky JSC. Organization of oil production only in this areawill make it possible to fully satisfy the demand of the Achinsk oil refinery operating plant in the Krasnoyarsk regionand to a large extent the needs of Angarskpetrochemical complex in the Irkutsk region, where alsofairly large oil fields have been discovered - Verkhnechon skoe etc.
The largest explored gas fields in the region to: Sobinskoye in Evenkia and Kovyktinskoye in the Irkutsk region.. Gas production in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, formedin accordance with the needs of the Norilsk industrial hub, hasresource base of the Messoyakha deposit (on the border with Yamalo-Nenets district) and others.
Metalmineral resources of Eastern Siberia ha-characterized by noticeable diversity and significant re-resource potential.
The region has large reserves iron ores and mo-can fully supply Kuznetsk and West with raw materialsNo-Siberian metallurgical plants. Cost-effective and developed iron ore reserves are concentratedturned in the Irbinsk-Krasnokamensky ore district of the Eastnogo Sayan in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Angaro-Ilimsk region in the Irkutsk region.
The promising Porozhinskoye field has been explored in the Krasnoyarsk Territory manganese ores, located on the right bank of the river. Yenisei, south of the mouth of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska.
Ore reserves colored metals of Eastern Siberia havefor Russia strategic importance, since they will provideare or will soon provide the country's economy with copper-nickel, polymetallic, aluminum-containingores, as well as ores of molybdenum, antimony, rare and noble metals.
Mineral resource potential of the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory -Norilsk industrial region can be defined as unique in reserves of explored and developed compu-lexical deposits copper-nickel ores with cobalt,platinum group metals and gold, on the basis of which the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine has been operating for more than 55 years. Taking into account modern level of production, this enterprise is provided with its own mineral resource base at least to the middle XXI century
In the future, meeting the internal needs of the countrywe in copper, as well as its export can be achieved throughcommissioning of the giant Udokan field in the north of the Chita region.
Nepheline ores - large raw material reserve aluminum -howl industry of Eastern Siberia. Today local Achin-The Alumina Refinery in the Krasnoyarsk Territory useshigh-grade ores from the neighboring Kemerovo region. (Western Seabir). In the future, nepheline ores may be developedSrednetatarskoye deposit (in the central part of the Yenisei Ridge, Goryach Egersky - in Kuznetsk Alatau), etc., locatedlaid down in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In the Angara region it was also revealed several promising bauxite deposits, includingmedium-sized Central deposit.
Lead-zinc ores partially localized in Gorevskoye developed field in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (at the mouth r. Hangars), whose reserves account for more than 40% of all-Russian reserves.
In Eastern Siberia there are also effective for extractionantimony resources (Olimpiadinskoye gold-antimony deposit-in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory), contentThe remaining 40% of the explored reserves of antimony and ore gold in Russia(Sukhoi Log deposit in the Irkutsk region), alluvial gold ta (in the Republic of Tyva, Taimyr and Aginsky districts), molybdenum (Sorskoye deposit in Khakassia, providingrepresenting about 80% of all-Russian production, and promisingZhirekenskoe in the Chita region), titanomagnetite ores (Chitin- Sky region). On the Yenisei Ridge in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it was explored and re-given for development of the Tatar deposit of niobium and rare earth mills.
Krasnoyarsk region has significant reservesand predicted resources of non-metallic mineralssold, special meaning of which are graphite and diamonds. All graphite deposits are located in the western part of Thun-Gussky coal basin. Diamond-bearing areas identified in the middle reaches of the river Podkamennaya Tunguska - Evenkiy - Ski JSC.
Forest resourcesEastern Siberia- the largest in Russia and account for 35% of all-Russian ones. You-a high percentage of forest cover is typical for all regions of the WSER,with the exception of the north of the Taimyr district and the steppe part Aginsky. The most high forest cover in the Irkutsk region. - almost 80%. The commercial quality of East Siberian timber is very high,especially Angara pine. Unfortunately, currentlythe potential of these resources, including export (through the portIgarka on the Yenisei), is used very poorly due to the high costthe ability to transport harvested raw materials and lumber to consumers.
Concentration of resources fresh surface waters in the districtnot one of the highest in the world.Potential hydropower resources of the Eastern Seabiri amount to about 850 billion kWh, of which up to 40% areare cost-effective and are partly usedAngara-Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power stations. Lake Baikal has a volume water mass equal to 1/5 of the worldand 9/10 of Russian surface water reserves. This body of water isSeptember UNESCO to objects of world significance and taken under special observation.
The specific water availability of the VSED is the highest in the countryafter the Far East.
There are 10% in the area agricultural land and 6% of the country's arable land. Arable land is concentrated in the southernparts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (43%) in the south of the Irkutsk region. (23%)and in the Republic of Khakassia (about 10%), mainly in the steppe and forest steppe zones, where fertile chestnut trees are commonhigh and chernozem soils. In the steppe Transbaikalia due to non-correct agricultural technology and wind erosion of the soil layer severely destroyed, which created complex problem its restoration.
Recreational resources Eastern Siberia is currentlythey are little used, although their potential is very great, especially on the coast of Lake Baikal. Also very picturesque and can be used be used for tourists' recreation, including the organization of water routes, the Yenisei and Angara and the surrounding mountainous landscapesshafts. For example, the Stolby nature reserve in the vicinityKrasnoyarsk is a world center for rock climbing. Traveloperations on river vessels down the Yenisei are carried out before registrationlarny Dixon.
PLEASE I DON’T HAVE TIME TO DO IT PHYSICALLY, JUST BRIEFLY, OR MB ANYONE ALREADY HAS TAKEOQuestions for the final express test (December 16, 23)
1. Modern administrative-territorial division of Russia? Prospects for its change
2. Distribution of mineral resources across the territory of Russia. Classification of natural resources by degree of exhaustibility
3. Language families and population groups in Russia. Population reproduction, its dynamics?
4. Main factors of farm location
5. Regional division of Russia: basic principles and factors
6. Main indicators of regional development
7. State budgetary and tax regulation of regions
8. Characteristics of oil and gas bases in Russia (Volga-Ural).
9. Characteristics of oil and gas bases in Russia (Barents-Pecherskaya).
10. Characteristics of oil and gas bases in Russia (West Siberian).
11. Characteristics of coal deposits in Russia
12. Electric power enterprises of Russia (HPP): names, characteristics
13. Electric power enterprises of Russia (NPP): names, characteristics
14. Electric power enterprises of Russia (GRES): names, characteristics
15. Characteristics of metallurgical bases in Russia
16. Extraction and processing copper ores
17. Extraction and processing aluminum ores
18. Mining and processing of nickel ores
19. Mining and processing of iron ore
20. Mining and processing of uranium ores
21. Economic and geographical characteristics of the Central Black Earth region
22. Economic and geographical characteristics of the Volga-Vyatka region
23. Economic and geographical characteristics of the North-Western region
24. . Economic-geographical characteristics Northern region
25. Economic and geographical characteristics Ural region
26. Economic and geographical characteristics West Siberian region
27. Economic and geographical characteristics of the East Siberian region
28. Economic and geographical characteristics of the Far Eastern region
29. Economic and geographical characteristics of the Volga region
30. Economic and geographical characteristics Central region
31. Economic and geographical characteristics of the North Caucasus region
32. Agriculture Russia: geography of grain crops
33. Agriculture of Russia: geography of livestock sectors
34. Mechanical engineering complex of Russia: heavy engineering
35. Mechanical engineering complex of Russia: medium-sized mechanical engineering
36. Timber industry complex of Russia
37. Location of basic chemical enterprises. Extraction of mining chemical raw materials
38. Location of organic synthesis chemistry enterprises
39. Disproportions of territorial organization Russian Federation. Problem regions of Russia
40. Territories of Russia with a special economic status and prospects for their development
main directions of development of modern geography?
2.With what geographical factors tied natural zoning? 3. Classify regions of the world according to the most large reserves certain types of natural resources.
The East Siberian region includes the Krasnoyarsk Territory with the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenki autonomous okrugs, Irkutsk region with Ust-Ordynsky Buryatsky Autonomous Okrug, Chita region with the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, the Republics of Khakassia, Tyva, Buryatia. Area 4.1 million sq. km., population 9 million people. The economic and geographical position of the region is unfavorable:
- - it is remote from developed economic regions of the country and centers of export-import operations;
- - most of its territory belongs to the regions of the Far North, as a result of which it is poorly populated and infrastructurally developed; transport routes pass in the far south of the region;
- - located on a significant part of the region mountainous terrain, limiting economic use territories.
Natural conditions and resources.
Thousands of kilometers high-water rivers, endless taiga, mountains and plateaus, low-lying tundra plains - this is the diverse nature of Eastern Siberia. The territory of the region is 4.1 million km. sq.
The climate is sharply continental, with large amplitudes of temperature fluctuations (very cold winter and hot summer).
The peculiarity of Eastern Siberia is exclusively widespread throughout the territory permafrost. Almost a quarter of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. Natural areas change in the latitudinal direction sequentially: arctic deserts, tundra, forest-tundra, taiga (most of the territory), in the south there are areas of forest-steppe and steppe. In terms of forest reserves, the region ranks first in the country (surplus forest). Most of The territory is occupied by the East Siberian Plateau. The flat regions of Eastern Siberia in the south and east are bordered by mountains (Yenisei Ridge, Sayan Mountains, Baikal mountainous country). Features of the geological structure (a combination of ancient and younger rocks) determine the diversity of minerals. Upper tier, located here on the Siberian Platform, is represented by sedimentary rocks. The formation of the largest coal basin in Siberia, the Tunguska, is associated with them.
Brown coal reserves of the Kansk-Achinsk and Lena basins are confined to the sedimentary rocks of the troughs on the outskirts of the Siberian platform. And with Precambrian rocks lower tier The Siberian platform is associated with the formation of the Angaro-Ilimsky and other large deposits of iron ore and gold. Large deposit oil was discovered in the middle reaches of the Podkamennaya Tungussk (Evenkia) river.
The natural resource potential of Eastern Siberia is second in scale only to the neighboring West Siberian region.
Complex geological structure The territory of the region determined the presence of rich and diverse mineral resources, however, it should be noted that the level of geological knowledge of Eastern Siberia remains quite low.