Plants and animals of the river caps. Cheptsa - a river flowing between the hills
Abstract on the topic:
Cheptsa (river)
Cap(udm. Chupchi) - a river in the Perm region, Udmurtia and Kirov region Russia, the largest left tributary of the Vyatka River (Volga basin).
Length 501 km, basin area 20,400 km².
It begins on the Verkhnekamsk Upland in the Perm region and flows through the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. It flows into the Vyatka River within the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov Region.
On the banks of the river are located (from source to mouth): the village of Debyosy, the village of Balezino, the cities of Glazov and Kirovo-Chepetsk.
The Cheptsa is characterized by sharp changes in the direction of the current (from north to southwest, and then to the southeast) and great tortuosity along its entire length. Cap - typical lowland river, flowing mostly in a wide valley with gentle slopes. In the lower reaches, widened and narrowed sections of the valley alternate every 1-5 km. Lots of rolls.
The cap is relatively rich in fish: bream, roach, tench, sabrefish, catfish, pike, perch, pike perch, etc.
origin of name
Hydronym Cap appeared, apparently, after the settlement of the lower reaches of the river by the ancient Russian population, that is, at the end of the 12th century. In the Vyatka chronicles describing that time (for example, in the “Tale of the Vyatka Country”), Cheptsa is mentioned repeatedly in modern form writing.
Sigismund Herberstein in his “Notes on Muscovy” calls Cheptsa, apparently, Rechitsa (Reczicza) - he took the very word denoting the river for its name.
D. G. Messerschmidt in his travel notes records Cheptsa in two pronunciation variants - as Zepza And How Çzepçza. This discrepancy is apparently due to the fact that Messerschmidt heard from his respondents also normative Russian. Cap, and udm. Chupchi, and the dialect “clack” Russian. Tseptsya .
Folk etymology connects the origin of the hydronym with Catherine the Great, who allegedly crossed the river and dropped her cap into it.
P. N. Luppov believed that the name Cap Russian settlers brought with them, since it is “identical with the name of the river flowing into Lake Vozhe (Charonda) (near the ancient Belozersky principality).”
The name Cheptsa is not explained either from Udmurt or from another Finno-Ugric language. Most likely the name of the river came from the (ancient) Russian language, from the Proto-Slavic root * chain (*chains-, *chain-) with the meanings “split, split, cling”, which turned into dialect * cap- and formed Cap using a suffix -(i)tsa(by analogy with Bystritsa, Kholunitsa, etc.). The name is probably due to the fact that the mouth of the river in ancient times was “split”, which can now be judged by the preserved oxbow lakes. Udmurt name Chupchi comes from Russian.
Notes
- Napolskikh V.V. Udmurt materials by D. G. Messerschmidt. Diary entries, December 1726. Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 2001. P. 45, 91.
- Napolskikh. Udmurt materials by D. G. Messerschmidt. pp. 136-137.
- Russian folklore of Udmurtia / Comp. A. G. Tatarintsev. Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 1990. P. 104.
- Luppov P. N. History of Vyatka villages // Encyclopedia of the Vyatka Land. T. 4. History. Kirov, 1995.
- In Udmurt historiography, the version about the Udmurt origin of the name of the river, for example from Udm, is unconditionally accepted. chipei "pike" and "topoformanta" -chi. However, such versions are rejected by modern researchers as completely fantastic.
- Ukhov S.V. Cheptza and the Udmurt question - www.glybrary.ru/rukopisi/cheptza-udmurtskiy-vopros/
This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/09/11 15:38:25
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From Mikhail Buldakov, with whom I have been on hikes more than once, I learned about Kopan. It turns out that our Cap was turned into the Ocher River at the beginning of the 19th century.
I had long wanted to find the source of the Cheptsa River, and then Mikhail suggested going to Kopan. Kopan is the name given to a canal dug by hand with shovels, along which Cheptsa 1st goes to Ocher.
Frequent rains did not give us the opportunity to use bicycles, and we decided to walk. To the village of Drobina, in Perm region We expected to get there by car, but there, along the roads indicated on the map, 18 kilometers, not far. We thought we could do it in two days.
My wife sent me a parting message: “Bring sand for the flowers.” “Okay,” I say, “I’ll bring it from the very source.”
The morning was clear. Fog was spreading in the lowlands and in the forest. In some places it was so dense that the sun didn’t get through.
We met Mikhail in the village of Igra, at half past nine, in the morning, he came from Izhevsk, where he lives. While I was waiting for him, I walked around with a camera, looking for interesting shots.
We reached the village of Drobina at the beginning of the first hour.
Along the way we stopped in the villages of Zura and Bolshaya Cheptsa. I always try not to miss the opportunity to photograph any religious building. In Zura there is a dilapidated temple, massive, like a castle, which until recently was used as a cinema. The village is relatively large, I think it is mainly summer cottages. In the village of Bolshaya Cheptsa, a small, leaky wooden church has been preserved, which they are trying to restore. And the village is comparable to this church, small, all old wooden houses. The stove maker, who was laying out a stove in the church, said during a conversation: “Everyone is baptized, but there are no believers.”
We left the car in Drobiny not far from the church, at the house of local Cossacks, after talking with them. We went to see the old small church, a pond with a dam on the Cheptsa River, and took photographs. The sky, by this time, was overcast.
At half past twelve our walking route. Before this, I had not walked with full gear, although Mikhail argued that this was only half the weight of what is taken on longer hikes. I had to work hard out of habit. Along the web of roads, checking the direction with the satellite navigator map, at dusk we reached a huge pond. On high bank pond, in the abandoned village of Rodino, near the giant poplars, we stopped for the night.
The day ended, the sky cleared up at night, and the stars poured out. We sat by the fire, drank a little, happily, leisurely, ate hot soup. A message came to my phone, congratulating me on winning the “Russian Vegetable Garden” competition. The most nice time. Conversations, memories of the past day, both interesting and most difficult moments. About plans for tomorrow and the future, about a lot of things. At such times, only the kindest feelings remain.
In half a day we did not reach Kopani a little. On the way we met people only once, not far from the abandoned village of Ovchata. They were sitting by the fire, women and a man, from whom we learned more about Kopani and the road. We crossed the rivers three times. It was difficult to cross the second river, blocked by beavers and a heavily swampy floodplain. The third stream, Cheptsu, we passed along the dam of the pond and soon came to the next dam.
Morning next day promised a nice, sunny day.
We left at nine. My card turned out to be hopelessly outdated. Without noticing, we overshot the road we were thinking of going out onto. Only the overgrown ruins of the village brought us back. All the villages marked on the map were abandoned long ago. The roads were overgrown; often there were only trails for elk and wild boars. Along one of these paths we reached Kopan.
The first impression is that this crevice in the hill was dug recently, some powerful technology. It was hard to believe that this was done by people with an ordinary shovel. The height of the canal slopes was equal to the height of a twenty-story building! Length one and a half kilometers. The Cheptsa River fell into this canal, about ten meters away. On the other hand, in a slightly smaller flow, water flowed from the pond, first in small cascades, and then from the same height, ten meters.
We were delayed for an hour and a half. We walked everywhere we could, trying to take the most interesting shots. We went down the stairs on cables and walked along the river bed to the waterfalls. And, finally, we approached a covered gazebo, not far from the cliff, where boards with a diagram and a brief historical background were hung.
By order of Count Stroganov, five thousand peasant farms dug a canal in two years, 1813-14, to provide iron factories with additional energy resources. But the channel did not justify itself.
On the way from local residents we learned that in the seventies of the last century, when the road was being built, a dam was built a few kilometers below. Water from the resulting pond also began to flow into Kopan. Later, by order of ecologists from Moscow, the sewage pit from the pond was buried, but the ecologists left, and the water from the pond again ran to Kopan.
We left the gazebo along the bank of the cliff, hoping to see the confluence of the Cheptsa with the stream that flowed into the Ocher River. We reached a small stream that flowed in from the right. I think that the bed of this stream became the new bed for Cheptsa 1st, as marked on the map.
Along the road, from the ford down the river, we came to the village of Kuliki. It’s a big village, but it feels like you’ve stepped back into the century before last. All old wooden houses, the roads are a mess. Local taxis are wheeled tractors, passengers are transported on carts. However, in the store the products were displayed from this century. We stopped for ice cream and moved on.
Having climbed the mountain, we saw an inscription near the road: “Source of the Ocher River.” We decided to go to the spring, see where the river with which our Cheptsa became related is born. We stopped there for lunch.
On the sign driven into the spruce it is written that the mountain where Ocher begins is called “Tikhonova”. The length of the river is 160-180 kilometers and the Ocher flows into the Kama, into the Votkinsk reservoir.
After lunch, it seemed to me that we walked along the road for a long and tedious time, until the turn to Drobiny. We arrived, our yesterday’s road along which we came, and our traces remained, only the trace of the UAZ was added. Following this trail, we went unnoticed to the side. They didn’t want to go back, hoping that according to the navigator, using one of the roads, we would still return to our own road.
The trail led us to a hunting cache. Several rose from the clearing large birds. There was a tower for hunters near the forest, from where best review for shooting. The road was blocked by felled trees, behind them lay the remains of a bull, gnawed, possibly by a bear, the traces of which we had seen before on the road along which we had come.
There was no further road, there were several barely noticeable paths, and we followed one of them until we lost it completely. It was getting dark, there was very little time left, and we were faced with the task of getting out of the taiga windfall before dark. Spending the night in the forest for me meant being late for work in the morning. We had to rush west for several kilometers, without stopping or resting, until we reached the car trail. It became easier to walk, we walked for several more kilometers under the moon until we reached a familiar road.
They entered Drobiny in complete darkness. The car stood still, two lampposts unusually illuminated the parking lot. We loaded up and, stretching our legs, headed towards the Game.
On the way, at the end of the village, we met a huge black jeep, they stopped us, and we talked for a long time. The owner of the jeep, a Cossack, near whose house we left our car, asked us about the hike. He turned a deaf ear to the cache and the moose; he was interested in our impressions of Kopani, of the places where we had been.
About two hours later, at half past ten, we were at home.
“I brought sand,” his wife greeted him.
- So we didn’t find the source!
Photos from the hike can be viewed on Odnoklassniki and Yandex - Photos - ureder
Posted Fri, 23/11/2012 - 07:56 by Cap
Cheptsa (Udm. Chupchi, Tat. Chyupche) is a river in the Perm region, Udmurtia and the Kirov region of Russia, the largest left tributary Vyatka River(Volga basin).
Length 501 km, basin area 20,400 sq. km.
It begins on the Verkhnekamsk Upland in the Perm region and flows through the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. It flows into the Vyatka River within the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov Region.
On the banks of the river are located (from source to mouth): the village of Debyosy, the village of Balezino, the cities of Glazov and Kirovo-Chepetsk.
Cheptsa River
GEOGRAPHY OF THE CHEPTSA RIVER:
The Cheptsa River begins at the village. Ignatyevo, Perm region and flows to the northwest, crossing the northern part of Udmurtia.
Its lower course belongs to the Kirov region, where it flows into Vyatka slightly higher than the city of Kirov.
The cap is the most major influx Vyatka, its length is 524 km, the basin area is 19,126 km2.
The average fall of the Cheptsa is 10 cm/km. The fall is not the same various parts river flow and decreases downstream.
The Cheptsa differs from other rivers of Udmurtia fast current. Its speed on reaches ranges from 0.4 to 0.5 m/sec, and on riffles up to 1.3 m/sec.
During spring flood the flow speed increases. In 1961, the speed of the river near the city of Glazov was winter months(December, January, February, March) was 0.13-0.17 m/sec, and in the spring (May 12) - 1.37 m/sec. The spring rise in water begins in late April, and the decline begins at the beginning of June. During the flood period, the water level near Polom and Glazov rises by 6 m.
Cheptsa freezes in November. The greatest ice thickness (above 60 cm) is observed in March. The rise of water in the upper reaches lasts 27 days, on average - 36 days, in the lower reaches - 47 days. Duration ice cover the city of Glazov has 158 days, the period from ice phenomena — 176.
VYATKA RIVER BASIN AND THE CHEPTSA RIVER
In summer, the CHEPTSA River becomes very shallow; minimum water levels are observed in July and August. In July and September there are floods caused by rain. The water level rise near the city of Glazov can be up to 4 m above the conventional low-water level. The water flow in the river fluctuates sharply throughout the year.
The Hydrological Yearbook provides data: for the period 1936-1958. the highest maximum flow rate of Cheptsa near Glazov on May 3, 1946 and April 11, 1947 was 1550 m3/sec; minimum January 18, 1938 - 3.36 m3.
The Cheptsa flows along a developed valley, in some areas 8-10 km wide. The channel is shallow, very winding, with frequent shallows and rapids, creating great inconvenience for timber rafting. The riverbed is sandy and covered in places with pebbles. It has many islands separated by branches and channels.
The width of the channel in the upper reaches is 20-40 m. In the lower reaches - 100-120 m. Near the city of Glazov in 1961, the width of the river ranged from 78 m in July to 140 m in April and May. The depth at the rifts is only 0.20-0.30 m. The average depth of Cheptsa near Glazov varied from 1.03 m in January and February to 4.60 m in May 1961.
The wide valley of Cheptsa indicates that it was full of water in the past. The river often changed its course, but did not leave the boundaries of the current floodplain. The floodplain is composed of silt, sand and peat, formed in place of overgrown oxbow lakes. There are many swamps, bushes, and meadows on the floodplain.
The banks of the river in the upper reaches are high and steep, especially on the right; in the middle reaches the left bank decreases. The coast near the village is very beautiful and picturesque. Debessy, where the Baigurez cliff rises. The Gorky Railway runs along the left low bank.
CHEPTSA RIVER
Of all the tributariesVyatkiCheptsa stands out for the highest chemical runoff: 51.33 t/year per 1 km2 (Glazov). This is due to the fact that the groundwater feeding the river flows through variegated marly-clayey sandy strata. The average water mineralization in Glazov is 226.0 mg/liter.
The water temperature in the river gradually increases from spring to 19-20° in July. In some years the water warms up to 29°.The Cheptsa Valley is interesting because the ancient glacier to the south did not occupy the territory of Udmurtia, therefore glacial moraine deposits are not found to the south. On the bank of Cheptsa against the village. Balezino found mammoth teeth and tusks, remains woolly rhinoceros and other animals that lived here in the periglacial tundra.
The first settlements in the Cheptsa basin appeared in the 6th–7th centuries. Along the middle course of the river, burial grounds and settlements have been preserved - monuments of the ancient settlements of the Chepetsk Udmurts. In the X-XIV centuries. The Udmurts were grouped here in 6-7 fortified settlements located in the area from modern Balezino to the village. Yelovo. Of these ancient settlements, the Dondykar settlement is the best known and has been well studied as a result of excavations. permanent place habitats of the ancient Udmurts. It is distinguished by a thick cultural layer.
People lived in above-ground dwellings; Here evidence of 19 dwellings dating back to the 10th-15th centuries was discovered. Many legends and traditions have been preserved in the people's memory, reviving the past of the ancient Udmurt cars (kar - nest, city).
Currently, the Cheptsa Valley is densely populated. On the banks of the river are the city of Glazov, workers' villages. Polom, Balesi-no, p. Debessy and dozens of villages.
The area in downstream rivers within the Kirov region with a length of 148 km. In Udmurtia along the river. The Cheptse and its numerous tributaries are rafted with timber. Are used hydropower resources: not far from the village. The Oktyabrskaya hydroelectric power station was built as a floor. On the river there are the best water meadows in the republic, used as fodder grounds.
The Cheptsa has over 60 tributaries. The largest right tributaries are Pykhta, Medla, Lyp with Yus, Upper Pyzep with Dyrpa, Lyuk, Lower Pyzep with Varyzh, Lum, Pudemka, etc. Left tributaries are Lemel, Irymka, Loza, Kep, Yunda, Sepych, Ubyt, Lekma with Tansy, Lema, Sada, etc.
The Loza, Lyp and partly the Cheptsa itself flow through vast forests.
Loza is a major tributary of the Cheptsa. Its source is located in the central part of Udmurtia, in the south of the Igrinsky district; Loza flows in a northeast direction; flows into Cheptsa above the village. Floor. Length - 127 km , basin area—3030 km2. The average slope is 0.5%. The tributaries of the Loza are the Nyaz, Untemka, Salya, Ita and San and others.
The highest water consumption is near the village. Game in 1960 was 128 m3/sec, the lowest in summer was 1.11 m3/sec (I960), the lowest in winter was 0.85 m3/sec (1962). Average annual consumption, according to observations from 1956 to 1962, was 6.94 m?/sec at Igra, the average annual runoff module was 6.25 l/sec.
Loza has a wide floodplain (up to 3000 m near the village of Igra). The floodplain is filled with water when the water level rises above the conventional low-water level by 350 cm in April - May; during spring floods, the water rises up to 4 m or more. Floodplain meadows are used in summer for hay production and as pastures.
During summer and autumn rains there are rapid increases and decreases in water levels up to 1.5 m per day. From November to April, the Loza is covered with ice up to 70 cm thick. In the summer, in July - August, the water in the river warms up to 23° and above.
The vine and its tributaries are used for timber rafting. On the banks of the Loza there is a large working village. A game.
CHEPTSA RIVER - MOUNT BAIGUREZ
CHEPTSA RIVER
CHEPTSA RIVER - origin of name
The hydronym Cheptsa appeared, apparently, after the appearance of the Old Russian population in the lower reaches of the river, that is, at the end of the 12th century. In the Vyatka chronicles describing that time (for example, in the “Tale of the Vyatka Country”), Cheptsa is mentioned more than once in the modern form of writing.
Sigismund Herberstein in his “Notes on Muscovy” apparently calls the Cheptsa Rechitsa (Reczicza) - he took the very word denoting the river for its name.
D. G. Messerschmidt in his travel notes (1726) writes Cheptsa in two pronunciations - as Zepza and as Czepcza. This discrepancy is apparently due to the fact that Messerschmidt heard from his respondents also normative Russian. Cap, and udm. Chupchi, and the dialect “clack” Russian. Tseptsya.
Folk etymology connects the origin of the hydronym with Catherine the Great, who allegedly crossed the river and dropped her cap into it.
CHEPTSA RIVER - BRIDGE
P. N. Luppov believed that the name Cheptsa was brought with them by Russian settlers, since it is “identical with the name of the river flowing into Lake Vozhe (Charonda) (near the ancient Belozersk principality).”
The name Cheptsa is not explained either from the Udmurt or from any other Finno-Ugric language. Most likely, the name of the river came from the (ancient) Russian language, from the Proto-Slavic root *tsep- (*tsepati-, *tsepiti-) with the meaning “to split, split, cling”, which passed into the dialectal *chep- and formed Chepts with the help of the suffix - (i)tsa (by analogy with Bystritsa, Kholunitsa, etc.). The name is probably due to the fact that the mouth of the river in ancient times was “split”, which can now be judged by the preserved oxbow lakes. The Udmurt name Chupchi comes from Russian.
WATER REGISTER DATA
Cheptsa River
Code water body 10010300112111100032349
Type of water body River
Name of the Cap
Location 738 km along the lev. bank of the river Vyatka
Basin District Kama basin district (10)
Kama river basin (1)
Vyatka river sub-basin (3)
Water management area of Chepts from source to mouth (1)
Watercourse length 501 km
Drainage area 20,400 km?
Code for hydrological knowledge 111103234
Volume number according to GI 11
CHEPTSA RIVER
LEGENDS OF THE CHEPTSA RIVER
Cheptsa's character is capricious. Almost four hundred years ago, when the first Russians appeared in these places, the Cheptsa changed its course. It used to flow widely and calmly, but then take it and make a sharp bend. True, in place of its old bed, the river left a whole cascade of “children” - oxbow lakes. All of them are connected to each other and to the Cheptsa by ducts. About this amazing phenomenon, of course, people created a legend.
A long time ago, two heroes lived in these parts. One is on Tyutryumskaya mountain, the second is on Nizevskaya mountain. And still they could not decide on whose banks the Cheptsa River should splash. They were unable to reach a peaceful agreement. They argued and argued, and in the end, they decided to find out by force who had more rights to the river. On the appointed day they went out to the duel. The Tyutryum hero struck the Nizevskaya Mountain three times with a huge sword and cut it into three parts. And the Nizevsky hero managed to chop off only one edge of the Tyutryum Mountain. Frightened by the battle, Cheptsa rushed to run, but the Tyutryum hero stood in her way and forced her to flow near her bank. Since then, the river has left Nizevskaya Mountain. All that remained near it was a necklace of lakes connected by a thin thread of channels.
The Cheptsa River is navigable. IN old times, timber was floated on water for the Slobodskaya and Vyatka match factories. The cap has been feeding people fish for a long time. And the famous local sterlet was even served at the royal table.
Yes and now to picturesque shores Caps ride lovers fishing from all over the country. Pike, perch, and pike perch are found here. And there are no mushrooms or berries in the surrounding forests. And the water in the river is clean, clean, despite the fact that they stand on its banks big cities- Glazov and Kirovo-Chepets.
CHEPTSA RIVER - FLOOD
RAFTING ON THE CHEPTSA RIVER
Route: Der. Bol. Cheptsa - s. Debes - r. Cap - Art. Balezino - Glazov - st. Yar - village Falenki.
The total length of the route is 287 km (the bridge above the village of Bol. Cheptsa - the village of Debesy, 40 km; the mouth of the Loza River, 47 km; the Balezino station, 60 km; the city of Glazov, 40 km; the village of Yar, 50 km; Falenki village, 50 km). The duration of the rafting is 7-12 days.
Cheptsa is the largest left tributary of the river. Vyatka (second-order tributary of the Kama). It originates in the southwest of the Perm region, 6 km north of the village. Waders. To s. Debates has general direction to the SW, then to the NW. The length of the river is 501 km, of which 22 km are within the Perm region, 285 km in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 194 km in the Kirov region. Average slope 0.1 m/km, water flow on the border with the Kirov region. 92.5 m3/sec. The basin area is 19,126 km." The current speed on the reaches is 1.5-2 km/h, on the riffles up to 4.5 km/h.
The main tributaries on the left: Irynka, Loza, Kep, Yunda, Sepych, Ubyt, Lekma, etc.; on the right: Pykhta, Medla, Chepyk, Lyp, Pyzep, Luke, Lum, etc.
The banks are low, mostly clayey throughout, although there are also high ones (the right bank in the area of the Cheptsa village).
Rafting can start from the village. Bol. Cheptsa (it’s difficult to get here in spring).
Plot to the village. Debesa is characterized by high tortuosity and an abundance of rubble. The river has an average width at low water of 6-28 m, depth from 0.4 to 2.8 m. Almost the entire floodplain is occupied by coniferous and mixed forest. The bottom is sandy, sometimes muddy. The banks are mostly steep, although there are also gentle sections. Village to the village. There are quite a few debes along the banks, but they are all small. The most significant settlement is the village. Debates. This is a regional center, connected by bus to the villages of Kez and Igra. If it is impossible to transfer higher up the river. Cheptse rafting can be started from the Debesy - Igra road bridge. The river here is fuller. In the area from the village. Debes to the mouth of the river. Vines Cheptsa has a width from 30 to 50 m. Depth from 0.4 to 3.0 m, steep banks (3-3.5 m). In this section, during low water there are several rapids and no blockages.
MOUTH OF THE CHEPTSA RIVER - VYATKA
From the mouth of the river Vines to the city of Glazov is a large and wide river with a powerful and smooth current. The water flow here in low water is 8-10 m3/sec, in high water 420 m3/sec. The river width is about 50 m, the current speed is 1.5 km/h. During a flood, the entire floodplain is flooded (the width of the flood is 2-3 km, it can be difficult to find a place to camp or bivouac. The banks look flat during high water, but during low water they are steep.
There are quite a lot along the banks settlements. The largest regional centers: village. Balezino, Glazov.
Below Glazov and to the end of the Cheptsa route there is already a full-flowing lowland river. From Glazov, if you wish, you can also go rafting. The river flows here in the meadow banks, only on the slopes river valley there is a forest. The average width of the river is 60–90 m (sometimes 120–150 m), depth 1.2–3.4 m.
There are many villages on the river, but before the village. Yar they stand away from the river. The largest in this area are the regional center of Yar, Dizmino, Pudem, and the regional center of the Kirov region - Falenki. An interesting one is s. Pudem, located 4 km from the river, on the right tributary. The village is famous for its pond, which has existed since 1759. From the village The Balezino River flows not far from the railway station. d.
The main obstacles to the mouth of the river. The vines are rubble, low bridges and congestion underneath them. Below the mouth of the river. Vines (approx. 1 km ) a serious obstacle is the former Oktyabrskaya hydroelectric station. It is necessary to carry over the lintel to the right of the hydroelectric station.
During low water, obstacles can be the remains of old mills. During high water, it is sometimes difficult to find the main channel with the water spilling between the bushes. You have to walk for hours to reach a place where you can go ashore. It is important to plan your travel schedule correctly to set up camp in a dry place.
The rafting can be completed in the village. Falenki, in the village. Balezino, Glazovo, village. Yar.
Transport.
In der Bol. Chepetsa can be reached by passing car from Debes. As already noted, the road (the old Siberian Highway) is very bad in the spring. In the village There is a bus from Debesy from Kez, which is located on the railway. line Kirov - Perm. You can also get to Debesy by bus Igra - Debesy. The game is located on the railway. line Izhevsk - Zilai. When traveling from Izhevsk, this route is shorter, but in the spring the communication along the Igra - Debesy road is poor. The end of the route is the bridge near the village. Falenki. From here it is 6 km to Falenki along a good gravel road. The village is located on the railway. village Kirov - Perm. At the end of the route in Balezino, Glazov, Yar, you can easily leave by train Izhevsk - Zilai and Kirov - Perm (when returning to Izhevsk, the Kirov - Kazan train is most convenient).
CHEPTSA RIVER BASIN
CHEPTSA RIVER - Center for the formation of the Udmurt nation (ARTICLE by Sergei Ukhov)
According to common modern ideas, the core of the formation of the Udmurt people, according to at least northern Udmurts, a territory appeared along the banks of the Cheptsa River, one of the significant left tributaries of the Vyatka. See, for example, volume of the academic publication “Archaeology of the USSR” (39, pp. 8-9 and 130-144) or volume I of “History of Udmurtia” (14).
During times early Middle Ages on the upper Cheptsa there was a vibrant Polomsky culture (V-IX centuries). Monuments of the Polomsky culture are concentrated mainly on the right bank upstream Caps up to the modern city of Glazov. Burial grounds and treasures contain a large number of Persian and Arab coins, silver items and women's jewelry from the Middle East and Persian Gulf. On the other hand, hryvnias (neck jewelry) are so-called. "Glazov type" were found in Finland and the Baltic. All this speaks of involvement in a broad world trade carriers of the Polomsky culture.
In the 10th century, on the site of the Polomskaya culture, a successor Chepetsk culture emerged, which lasted until the 13th century. Its territory is wider than Polomskaya: to the south, occupying many left tributaries of the Cheptsa, and to the west - downstream of the Cheptsa to the Yar station.
The largest monument of Chepetsk culture is the Soldyrskoye I settlement, which in popular literature is called Idnakar. The Idnakar museum-reserve operates on its base. Leading archaeologists of Udmurtia believe that “the settlement of Idnakar was a craft, trade, cult and administrative center northern Udmurts..." (1, p. 146 - emphasis mine - S.U.).
Archaeologist R.D. Goldina, author of a monograph on the ethnogenesis of the Udmurt people, speaks more cautiously about the connection between the Polomsk and Chepetsk cultures and the Udmurts (10). The Polomsko-Chepetsk group of monuments is characterized by Goldina only as “related to the ethnic history of the Udmurt people” (10, p. 333). In her opinion, the main habitat of the future northern Udmurts in the Middle Ages was the middle course of the river. Vyatka (ibid., p. 392, etc.).
It makes no sense to list all the works concerning the ethnogenesis (origin) of the Udmurts. In the overwhelming majority of them, Vyatka and/or Cheptsa are named among the main territories of ethnogenesis. Alternative hypotheses will be discussed below.
CHEPTSA RIVER - DEBIOSY VILLAGE
Etymology of the hydronym Cheptsa
The name Cheptsa is not explained either from the Udmurt or from any other Finno-Ugric language. By grammatical structure it has a Slavic appearance, similar to the nearby hydronyms Vyatka and Letka (pr. Vyatka river), which have a well-founded Slavic etymology (cf. also with the hydronym Vyatka in the Oka basin (30)). Therefore, the explanation of the origin of the name Cheptsa should first of all be sought in the Russian or Old Russian language.
Let's start with the suffix. It has a different nature than that common on surrounding area suffix -itsa (river Bystritsa, Kholunitsa, Svyatitsa), which has a hydronymic character (hereinafter, a suffix is, as is customary in toponymy, a combination of a grammatical suffix and an ending). The suffix -tsa is rare both in hydronymy and in appellative (common noun) vocabulary.
It goes back to the Proto-Slavic suffix -ka or -ьka, which underwent palatalization (for more details, see 34), and correlates with the suffix -ets, which is manifested, in particular, in the formation of the adjective: the village of Ust-Chepetskoye. That is, the residents of this area quite rightly perceived the hydronym Chepts as Russian word and changed it according to the laws of the Russian language, since they were intuitive linguists. Wed. also r. Chepets (Yu. Keltma basin, left Kama Ave.) in the Perm region. In this case, the suffix -ets corresponds to the masculine gender; Apparently, this small river was perceived as a stream.
Let us also note that the suffix -ica (Russian -itsa) is characteristic of many Indo-European languages (for example, Attica, Baltic, Africa, etc.), and the suffix -tsa (-ka) is only for Slavic languages (34, p. 163).
Let us now move on to consider the root (base) of the word Cheptsa under study. IN Slavic languages there are two groups of roots that are close or identical in sound and have similar, but not identical semantics (meaning).
They come from Proto-Slavic *cep- (*cepati-*cepiti) and, apparently, from *сьp- with the meanings ‘to split, split’ and ‘to cling’ (44 and 52). The first group of meanings seems more justified when applied to the name of the river (see below for more information). In this group: Old Russian. tsepiti ‘split, split’ (32, p. 1460), tsep ‘threshing tool, i.e. for splitting ears’, tsepets ‘part of the flail that directly splits the ears’ (11, dictionary entries “Hinge”, “Impose”, “Fight”). E and e (yat) in this group of words are variable, apparently due to confusion with words derived from ср- (44, pp. 366, 367).
Nouns formed from this root could have not only the meaning 'splitting', but also the meaning 'split': cf. in Serbo-Croatian cepac ‘split part, log’ and ‘drumstick’ (33) with a probable primary meaning ‘split (bone)’ (the skeleton of the lower leg consists of two almost parallel bones).
The word tsepets (tsepets) in feminine will sound like *chain. In the dialects of Old Russian and modern Russian, the initial consonant could sound like ch. See Dahl (11) chep with the mark Vyat., Perm.; in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: they thresh chapels with kharaluzhny ones.
So, we see that according to the laws historical development In the Russian language there could be an appellative (common noun) *tsepsa with a dialectal (including Vyatka and Perm) variant *cheptsa and the approximate meaning ‘split’. In other words, there is every reason to consider the hydronym Cheptsa to be Slavic in origin with the supposed semantics ‘split (river)’.
CHEPTSA RIVER - VILLAGE OF YOU
There are still a few details left to clarify.
1. The meaning “split” does not, of course, indicate the presence of channels and islands on this river: they are found on all lowland rivers. Most likely, the reason for the name is the “split” in the past of the Cheptsa mouth, which can be assumed from the preserved characteristic oxbow lakes (see Fig. 1).
2. We should expect stress on the first syllable, but in modern name Cap stress on the last syllable. This is a recent innovation. Old Russian documents, of course, say nothing about the place of emphasis, but D.G. Messerschmidt 1726 g . in his diaries he repeatedly put emphasis on the first syllable (21) in the word Cheptsa. That. we can confidently say that the hydronym Cheptsa had stress, as one would expect, on the initial syllable and it has shifted only recently.
3. There was dialect variability in the initial ts-h sound not only in the same-root appellatives (tsep-chep), but also in the name Cheptsy itself. Messerschmidt's diaries speak about this again. Using the reports of his informants, he consistently writes down the name of this river Zepza (z in German is pronounced like the Russian ts), and only in one case (21, p. 45) he wrote down “Zepza oder Czepcza”, apparently trying to convey the average between ts and h sound.
Body of water: Cheptsa, river
Place - region/district: Udmurtia
Detailed description of the place: Yarsky district. The village of Pudem. River Cheptsa, Pudemka, Tumka. Pudem Pond, Wild Lake.
Description of the road: I took the train to Glazov. Next take the bus to Pudem. To reservoirs Primer, through meadows or along the railway line along an embankment. Even tractors cannot drive through the meadows after rain. They sit in clay. But mostly expensive and very good.
Weather: All summer set middle zone. Hot +35, Moderate +25 with and without wind. Clear nights, Impenetrable fog in the mornings. Drizzling rain, Before the thunderstorm, after and during. Morning frosts down to 0
Condition of the reservoir: Low level water in all reservoirs
Fishing method: Spinning
My gear: Salmo diamond Exel 5-15gr, 2.4m Shimano Exage RA 2500 Shimano 0.15 16lb
My lures: Mapps Aglia heavy long 2 Rapala magnum Rapala X-Rap BlueFox Vibrax 2,3,4 Atom domestic
Nozzle: - not specified -
Groundbait: - not specified -
What kind of fish did you catch: pike, catfish, perch, asp, pike perch, chub, ruff, ide
Biting/fish activity: Variable
My catch: more than 10 kilograms
The most big fish pike, more than 10 kg.
As the success of other fishermen? - not indicated -
Detailed fishing report - not specified -
General summary: I had a great vacation. Rediscovered the old reservoir. Anyone who would like to visit there - write. I'll tell you everything in more detail.
Body of water: Cheptsa, river
Base: - not specified -
Place - region/district: Kirov region.
Detailed description of the place: - not specified -
Description of the road: The road is so-so.
Weather: -14-16, weak but prickly wind
Condition of the reservoir: The water is a little cloudy, most of rivers in sludge, ice thickness half a meter
Fishing method: Winter girders
My tackle: - not specified -
My lures: - not specified -
Nozzle: Minnow
Groundbait: - not specified -
What kind of fish did you catch: pike
Biting/fish activity: C grade
My catch: 3-5 kilograms
The largest fish is pike, 1.5 kg.
Notes on fishing techniques, the best baits. - not indicated -
As the success of other fishermen? There was no one.
Detailed fishing report
We have never caught fish in this place in winter, there were late autumn. I liked the place, I came across pike perch and pike. Along one shore there is a strong draft and snags, on the other there is a small beach. We arrived at 7:30 in the morning, got lost for a long time, everything was covered in snow, and couldn’t find a way out to the river. The first disappointment when entering the river, long poles cut down everywhere, means slush. In the place where they wanted to put everything in it. We were upset, but there was nothing to do, we began to look for a clean place, we found it below the beach, but there was a strong current, not very good for the piers. We set out while it was still dark. To our joy, at 9 am there were two rises, one missed, the other a small pike for 500 grams. Well, we think things will work out right now, since it was noticed a long time ago the best way out on the river, usually in the morning for pike. It wasn’t there, there was silence until 12 o’clock. We tried to catch with a fishing rod and it was also a complete failure. And then, starting at 12 o’clock, a weak but steady pike bite began. The bites are confident with full unwinding, although the snow is knee-deep, it’s hard to run). The result for 4 people is five pikes: two per kg, one per kilo and a half, and two small ones. I was pleased by the lack of people and the local beauty. In the evening we decided to fish under the slush, but there was no bite.
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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
http://traverz.ru/udmurt/cheptca.php
http://liveudm.ru/vodoemyi-udmurtii/reka-cheptsa/
http://mos-holidays.ru/reka-chepca/
http://textual.ru/gvr/
http://www.fion.ru/Jocker77/14683/
Napolskikh V.V. Udmurt materials of D.G. Messerschmidt. Diary entries, December 1726. Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 2001. P. 45, 91.
Russian folklore of Udmurtia / Comp. A. G. Tatarintsev. Izhevsk: Udmurtia, 1990. P. 104.
Luppov P.N. History of Vyatka villages // Encyclopedia of the Vyatka Land. T. 4. History. Kirov, 1995.
http://debesy.ucoz.ru/_ph/1/2/830334297.jpg
http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/allyubimcev/
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Water Register of Russia
10010300112111100032349
Pool code
11 (issue 1)Vyatka swimming pool
Cap? (Udm. Chupchi?, Tat. Chyupche) - a river in the Perm region, Udmurtia and the Kirov region of Russia, the largest left tributary of the Vyatka River (Volga basin).
Length 501 km, basin area 20,400 km.
It begins on the Verkhnekamsk Upland in the Perm region and flows through the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. It flows into the Vyatka River within the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov Region.
On the banks of the river are located (from source to mouth): the village of Debyosy, the village of Balezino, the cities of Glazov and Kirovo-Chepetsk.
The Cheptsa is characterized by sharp changes in the direction of the current (from north to southwest, and then to the southeast) and great tortuosity along its entire length. The Cheptsa is a typically flat river, flowing mostly in a wide valley with gentle slopes. In the lower reaches, widened and narrowed sections of the valley alternate every 1-5 km. Lots of rolls.
The cap is relatively rich in fish: bream, roach, tench, sabrefish, catfish, pike, perch, pike perch, etc.
origin of name
The hydronym Cheptsa appeared, apparently, after the appearance of the Old Russian population in the lower reaches of the river, that is, at the end of the 12th century. In the Vyatka chronicles describing that time (for example, in the “Tale of the Vyatka Country”), Cheptsa is mentioned more than once in the modern form of writing.
Sigismund Herberstein in his “Notes on Muscovy” apparently calls the Cheptsa Rechitsa (Reczicza) - he took the very word for the river as its name.
D. G. Messerschmidt in his travel notes (1726) writes Cheptsa in two pronunciations - as Zepza and as Czepcza. This discrepancy is apparently due to the fact that Messerschmidt heard from his respondents also normative Russian. Cap, and udm. Chupchi, and the dialect “clack” Russian. Tseptsya.
Folk etymology connects the origin of the hydronym with Catherine the Great, who allegedly crossed the river and dropped her cap into it.
P. N. Luppov believed that the name Cheptsa was brought with them by Russian settlers, since it is “identical with the name of the river flowing into Lake Vozhe (Charonda) (near the ancient Belozersk principality).”
The name Cheptsa is not explained either from the Udmurt or from any other Finno-Ugric language. Most likely, the name of the river came from the (ancient) Russian language, from the Proto-Slavic root *tsep- (*tsepati-, *tsepiti-) with the meaning “to split, split, cling”, which passed into the dialect *chep- and formed Chepts with the help of the suffix - (i)tsa (by analogy with Bystritsa, Kholunitsa, etc.). The name is probably due to the fact that the mouth of the river in ancient times was “split”, which can now be judged by the preserved oxbow lakes.
Some researchers believe that the Udmurt name Chupchi comes from Russian. According to others, the Udmurt name comes from the Finno-Ugric root *chup - “bay” and the common Permian *si - “river”, “stream”, that is, literally “a river emerging from the bay”.
Water register data
According to the state water register Russia belongs to the Kama Basin District, the water management section of the river is Cap from source to mouth.
Length: 501 km
Federal District: Volga Federal District
Region: Udmurt Republic, Perm region, Kirov region
Type of reservoir: rivers
Fish: chub, ruff, asp, bream, tench, perch, roach, catfish, pike perch, sabrefish, pike, ide
Types of fishing: float fishing, bottom fishing, spinning, fly fishing, live bait fishing, winter views fishing, other types of fishing
Width: 40 m
Maximum depth: 2 m
Pool: 20,400 km²
GIMS: Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Kirov Region, Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Republic of Udmurtia, Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Perm Territory
Status: free
Cheptsa (udm. Chupchi) is a river in the Perm region, Udmurtia and the Kirov region of Russia.
Length 501 km, basin area 20,400 km². The largest left tributary of the Vyatka River (Volga basin). It begins on the Verkhnekamsk Upland in the Perm region and flows through the territory of Udmurtia and the Kirov region. It flows into the Vyatka River within the city of Kirovo-Chepetsk, Kirov Region.
The Cheptsa is characterized by sharp changes in the direction of the current (from north to southwest, and then to the southeast) and great tortuosity along its entire length. The Cheptsa is a typically flat river, flowing mostly in a wide valley with gentle slopes. In the lower reaches, widened and narrowed sections of the valley alternate every 1-5 km. Lots of rolls. The width of the channel is up to 30-40 m, the depth at low water is about 2 m. The channel deposits are sand, and on the reaches there is silt. The river freezes in November and opens in April - early May.
The main tributaries: Kosa, Lekma, Loza, Svyatitsa and Ubyt (left). There are more than 500 lakes in the river basin with total area 26.6 km².
On the banks of the river are located (from source to mouth): the village of Debyosy, the village of Balezino, the cities of Glazov and Kirovo-Chepetsk.
Shipping
The Cheptsa River is navigable for the lower 135 km.
Bridges and crossings
They pass through the river road bridge road P-242 near the border Perm region and the Republic of Udmurtia, road bridge on the R-242 road near the village. Debyosy, road bridge in the village. Balezino, road bridge in Glazov, road bridge near the village. Yar, road bridge near the town of Falenki, road bridge in Kirovo-Chepetsk.
Fish
The river is home to bream, roach, tench, sabrefish, catfish, pike, perch, pike perch, asp, chub, ruff, and ide.