The story about protecting the forest from fire is short. Several interesting essays
This is natural, because we live in a country where the largest forest area in the world is concentrated. In turn, it helps us maintain a relatively safe environmental situation in forested regions. The forest is the lungs of the planet, so protect the forest from fire!
Humans are the main fire threat
Many books have been written and a large number of films have been made about the benefits of forests for humans. The forest helps us to exist on our land, in the literal sense of the word, as it is a source of energy and building material.
Without forests there will be no mushrooms or berries. The forest is natural environment habitat for large quantity wild animals such as deer and bears.
Only the forest can provide a person with components for medicines, essential oils, buds, forest herbs and much more.
And if fire prevention measures are not taken in advance, all this natural wealth will disappear for many centuries in a matter of hours.
Each of us should have a clear understanding of the problem, because forest protection is the most relevant of the state’s current environmental measures. Alas, the threat of fire can come primarily from the people themselves, consumer attitude to nature is inherent in them. In most cases, become human factor
. There are more than enough people who like to relax in nature surrounded by forests. People tend to forget about elementary rules
behavior in the forest. Meanwhile, there is always a real, even if not immediately visible, cause of a fire. They are unpredictable, dangerous for people and wild animals, and protection against them sometimes lasts for years. For example, the consequences of peat fires and the burning of fertile soil contribute to severe air pollution and destruction rare populations
birds and animals.
Forgetfulness, curiosity and carelessness are the root causes of forest fires. It is important to constantly remind people that the forest should be “clean” after their stay.
After the rest is completed, the fire must be extinguished with water and earth. Cigarette butts, if any, must be extinguished and buried in the ground. And under no circumstances should you throw them on pine needles or dry leaves.
Remember, even abandoned broken glass from bottles is capable of hot weather become a conductor of fires.
Under the influence of strong solar flow the glass works like a magnifying glass, and dry needles or leaves quickly begin to smolder and catch fire. By observing these simple rules It will be within our power to save the forest from fires!
It is also necessary to carry out preventive work as effectively as possible among separate groups population. First of all, among people whose activities are not related to the protection and logging of forests.
Technogenic factor
are usually not associated with the primary behavior of people in natural conditions, but indirectly depend on people, since forest protection is also an important commercial component of business.
All industrial facilities are built in accordance with the requirements fire safety and GOST. But waste from them is often not disposed of with proper quality, which indicates negligence. This again means the risk of fires, since most factories are located in the vicinity of forests.
For example, at forest processing and pulp production enterprises there are a lot of technological processes related to the use high temperatures, where equipment operating from the network is involved.
Any oversight in the process can lead to failure of electrical equipment. Moreover, all such plants are located directly near forests. And if there is a fire, it will be difficult to stop the fire.
Natural factors
IN natural conditions You may also face the danger of forest burning. Typically, a fire can be started by a lightning strike on a tree, and this is nature's most common way of intervening.
The second circumstance influencing the occurrence of forest fires is considered to be the eruption of volcanoes, namely fiery lava. We have such places in our country, this is Sakhalin. The third factor is considered to be the spontaneous combustion of coal and other natural resources.
Considering all the above circumstances, I would like to appeal to everyone: be vigilant in all manifestations of danger. If we save the forest from fires, we will ensure a healthy future.
KEEP THE FOREST FROM FIRE
1. Causes of forest fire.
2. Where you can’t make a fire in the forest.
3. How to make a “Safe Fire”?
4. Meeting with forest fire
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Causes of forest fire
A fire in a forest most often occurs due to human fault - this is and careless handling of fire, and an unextinguished fire, and an abandoned match or cigarette, and a child’s prank.
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Causes of forest fire
- Sometimes lightning can cause a fire, but such cases are quite rare.
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Where should you not light a fire in the forest?
- Under no circumstances should a fire be lit under trees, especially under those whose lower branches are at a low height.
- You should not make a fire where there is a lot of dry grass or dry stumps nearby.
- A place for a fire must be prepared in advance or try to use an old fire pit that comes along.
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"Safe Fire"
- Golden rule number one: never leave a fire unattended!
- Do not build a very high fire unless there is some special need (a signal fire, for example).
- Make sure that the fire produces as few sparks as possible, especially in windy weather.
- When lighting a fire in the presence of wind, consider its strength and direction, as flying sparks can cause grass or tree leaves to ignite.
- Try not to use branches with dry leaves as fuel (it burns like gunpowder), because the fire will scatter not just sparks, but whole smoldering leaves.
- Stock up on water if there is a body of water nearby and you have a suitable container.
- When leaving the parking lot, the fire must be carefully extinguished, filled with water and covered with earth. If you removed the turf, cover the fire pit with pieces of turf. Make sure the fire is extinguished and will not re-ignite some time after you leave. Leave yourself in order to avoid violating fire safety rules.
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Preparing a place for a future fire.
- It is necessary to choose a place at some distance from trees.
- Clear the area under the fire pit of grass and dig a small hole with a shovel.
- Around the fire pit, cut off the grass within a radius of half a meter to a meter.
- The depression can also be made by removing the turf, without damaging the top, fertile layer of soil.
- When leaving the parking lot and extinguishing the fire, you need to cover the site of the former fire with the same pieces of turf.
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Meeting with a forest fire
- If you notice an incipient fire in time and the area of the fire is small, you can decide to localize and extinguish it yourself.
- Try to correctly assess the current situation. Don't overestimate your strength.
- If there is a body of water nearby, pour water on the fire; you can put out the flames with a wet cloth.
- Burning grass can be extinguished using a “broom” made from broken branches. In this case, you need to strike with sliding movements, as if sweeping, towards the main fire. The “broom” must be turned in your hands after every few blows so that it does not catch fire and its heated side has time to cool down a little.
- It would be optimal to find a way to notify as soon as possible special services. These could be the services of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (telephone “01”, “112”), rangers, foresters.
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Leaving the fire zone
- After leaving the fire zone, it is necessary to short time report a disaster. When transmitting an alarm message, tell about the known coordinates of the fire, the time when you noticed it, and the suspected cause of the fire (even if you yourself were the cause).
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From the early childhood Each of us is taught that nature must be protected and treated with care. Nature also includes forests, which each of us has probably visited more than once. Some went to pick mushrooms and berries in the forest, others to relax and have fun.
When going to the forest, no matter for what reason, you must remember that forests must be protected, nature needs this and it cannot cope without the help of people.
Of course, outdoor recreation forest air pleasant and useful. Songs around a fire in a forest grove are pleasant, but don’t forget that you need to clean up after yourself. After all, none of us leaves garbage in our yard or house after entertainment; it is also necessary to think about forests. If you go on vacation, take empty bags with you and collect all the garbage in them, do not pollute the forest. There is no need to tear tree branches to make a fire; there is enough such goodness on earth.
After have a wonderful holiday Don’t forget to put out fires, because they often cause forest fires that are almost impossible to put out. Forests are barking and burning out completely, which affects not only " local residents» forests - animals and birds, but also people themselves, who inhale the smell of burning from a fire. To avoid this, you should not light fires in the forests, and if you do, be kind enough to put them out after yourself so that the fire does not engulf the entire area.
IN winter time years when they steal new year holidays, Very dangerous period for forests. Poachers are engaged in cutting down spruce and pine trees, and ordinary residents are also capable of this. No one thinks that such actions can lead to the death of the forest, and therefore to the death of forest animals for which the forest is home.
It is always necessary to think ahead about everything and forests are no exception. It is very important to take care and love your nature; forests are being felled en masse and are being cut down to make paper and wood in general, so there are fewer and fewer of them. But, if each of us thinks and understands that forests need to be protected and starts saving them, then perhaps we will collectively be able to save as many as possible forest trees, which means forests will be saved.
There is always an opportunity to contribute to helping save the forest. You can plant new trees and not cut down old ones, clean up the garbage from yourself and those around you. forest glades, prevent fires in the forest. Remember that the forest is our nature, oxygen, which is vital for all people and animals, so do not stand aside, do not pass by, take care of the forest and your nature.
Several interesting essays
- Essay Janitor in the story White Poodle Kuprin, characteristics and image
The image of a janitor in the story by A. I. Kuprin “ White poodle"can be classified as secondary characters. In addition, he is a negative character. However, it does so much important role, being a forced person, taking a vile step on orders
- Tamara's essay in the story by Yama Kuprin
Tamara's real name is Lukeria. She is quite beautiful, with red hair and “dark gold” eyes. She is very modest and has a calm character.
- Essay Why I want to become a border guard
The answer is simple, because it is very important profession. My dad serves at the outpost, and my mother works in the medical unit.
- Mitya in the poem Poverty is not a vice by Ostrovsky essay
A teacher's work is priceless. After all, working with children and raising them is the future of the entire state. Every day the teacher puts new and interesting information, which will come in handy someday in life.
The forest is an important and irreplaceable source of many healthy products, without which it is difficult to imagine comfortable life modern man. In addition, it has important environmental, healing and sanitary significance. Saturates the air with necessary chemical elements, purifies it from industrial emissions, so it can rightfully be called an oxygen factory.
Irresponsible human attitude natural disasters lead to a decrease in the amount of forest land. The most terrible threat that can destroy forest plantations in a matter of hours, there is a fire.
Most actual problem with the arrival of warm weather, sunny days becomes provision fire safety. In the article Protect the forest from fire, we will consider in more detail: what such an event includes, why fires in the forest are so dangerous, and what are the basic fire safety rules in the forest on vacation.
Characteristics and tactics of struggle
Any spark can lead to a fire that is uncontrollable and spreads with high speed, destroying vegetation, animals, nearby settlements and people. A forest fire can engulf huge territories, leaving bare dead earth in its place. It brings enormous economic losses, disrupts the ecological balance and sanitary conditions.
All forest fires are divided into types:
- , spread along the bottom. In this case, only moss, peat bogs, and plants burn out. The trees themselves are usually not affected by fire. You can add to this list
- . Most dangerous look. The fire moves along the treetops, and the fire covers the entire forest area. Often it is these forest fires that can spread to neighboring towns and villages.
The strength and direction of the wind can complicate the emergency situation. The development of forest fires largely depends on the condition of the soil and the dryness of the vegetation. On initial stage the simplest and in an effective way to extinguish a fire is to cover its edge with improvised means - branches hardwood trees. If the desired result is not achieved, then it is necessary to resort to throwing loose soil onto the fire.
It is almost impossible to put out a large forest fire on your own. In this situation, you should call the appropriate services and go to safe place. It is advisable to move towards a pond, road or forest edge. Moreover, the direction should be perpendicular to the fire itself. Move with your head down to the ground, the smoke level is much lower there.
You should not approach smoldering peat bogs. They are dangerous because of their scorched depressions, which are not visible. Usually such places are not extinguished, but are only controlled by digging or creating special ditches. The danger of burning peat bogs is that it can develop into an underground fire and spread to tree roots.
If you have no choice, and you cannot go around the burning swamp, then be sure to take a stick and probe the place in front of you. Don't rush, it's better if someone belays you with a rope.
Causes and fire safety
Fire prevention measures are carried out not only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but also in accordance with the Forest Code by the Ministry of Defense and Nature of the Russian Federation. The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources is responsible for the safety of specially protected lands of the country's natural fund.
All responsibility for organizing work aimed at protecting forest areas from fires rests with state organizations special purpose, as well as the governing bodies subordinate to them.
Emergency services provide fire extinguishing forest fires only in territories that do not belong to the Ministry of Defense and are not included in the category of specially protected sites. Huge amounts of money are allocated from state and local budgets for fire safety, but spontaneous fires are not decreasing.
The causes of forest fires are classified as follows:
- Human factor.
This is the most common reason for most natural fires. Failure to comply with the simplest rules of behavior on vacation, ignoring the ban on lighting fires in dry, hot weather, as well as a consumerist and unreasonable attitude towards natural objects is often real threat for a forest strip. Despite warnings from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations and the spread of various reminders “Protect the forest from fire“, people do not stop exposing forest thickets to fiery danger through their actions.
The most important rule that all lovers of outdoor recreation should remember is not to leave anything behind. Smoldering logs, a dropped match or cigarette, broken glass or a bottle can cause a fire. Sun rays They use any glass as a magnifying glass, which can cause dry vegetation to smolder. Be careful with sources open fire. Do not light fires on the ground. Remember what kind of harm forest area damage is punishable by a fine.
- The reason is man-made
Many manufacturing enterprises located near forests. All of them are designed and built taking into account all the requirements of fire services, and should not pose a threat. However, waste from enterprises is often not disposed of properly, which leads to contamination of the area and fires in unfavorable weather conditions.
In addition, man-made accidents with disruption of power supply may well occur in production facilities. Such emergencies can also go beyond production and spread to forest lands.
Fire safety in wood processing plants should be given special attention Special attention. Timely inspection of technological equipment, preventative work with staff, and control over waste processing, serve as a guarantor of the safety of the nearby forest area.
- Natural factor
Forest fires can also occur natural reasons. For example, due to spontaneous combustion of peat, coal or other minerals, as well as as a result of a lightning strike on a tree. According to statistics, cases of a spontaneous large fire in a forest due to intervention are extremely rare. natural forces. This factor is worth last place on the list of main reasons.
Memo
With the onset of warm spring and summer season You should remember the main prohibitions that help maintain fire safety in forests:
- Do not throw smoldering matches, cigarette butts and other spontaneously combustible materials into bushes, dry leaves or the ground
- Refrain from lighting fires near young trees or deposits of fossil fuels (peat, coal). It is also dangerous to do this under the canopy of trees.
- Take all trash with you, especially glass items.
- It is forbidden to independently anneal dry vegetation, even garden plot. You can read about the dangers of fallen dry grass in our article.
- Do not leave a lit fire unattended, and do not assign this task to young children.
- When leaving your vacation spot, look around carefully. Be sure to fill the fire with plenty of water.
Any small fire can grow into a major natural disaster, which, depending on the consequences, can incur not only disciplinary and administrative liability, but also criminal liability.
“The forest is our wealth. Protect the forest from fire!” This slogan has been known to everyone since childhood. But year after year, with the arrival of spring and hot sunny days, forests across the country burn. And one of the main causes of forest fires is human carelessness.
Vladimir Soloukhin wrote: “It is difficult to imagine cosmonauts flying on a ship and deliberately destroying the life support system designed for a long flight. If the astronauts start unscrewing screws and drilling holes in the casing, then this will have to be classified as suicide.” What are we doing, destroying nature, leaving unextinguished fires after going to the forest?
Forest is one of the most valuable natural resources. These are the lungs of our planet; it supplies about 60% of oxygen to earth's atmosphere, consumes 24 kg of carbon dioxide, which is exhaled by five thousand people.
Over the course of a year, a hectare of forest “filters” 50 - 70 tons of dust.
The forest is the earth's storehouse, from which almost all sectors of the national economy draw raw materials.
The forest has its worst enemy - fire. And everything that is created by nature or planted by man long years, can die from fire within a few hours.
Forest fire is scary. Trees have been destroyed, birds have nowhere to build a nest, animals are fleeing.
A forest fire is called natural disaster. But is it really that spontaneous?
Thus, 10% of forest fires occur due to lightning strikes and spontaneous combustion of peat, and the remaining 90% are due to human fault.
The fire may be caused by fragments glassware. They will be able to “work” like lenses - to concentrate the sun's rays.
The fire serves as a powerful source thermal radiation. The heat from it spreads not only upward, but also to the sides. Tree trunks located close to the fire become very hot at the bottom. which leads to the death of living tissues of the trunk. Strong fire also kills tree roots located near the soil surface. All this ultimately causes the death of trees. We meet such dead trees - victims of forest fires - in the forest. This is a silent reproach to people who do not protect the forest. To prevent tree trunks from being damaged by heat rays. the fire should be lit no closer than 10 meters from the trees.
Fire scares everyone away forest inhabitants. This is always an alarm signal for wild animals, birds, insects. Usually, when they see him, they flee.
If a fire burns in the forest, then owls, blackbirds and other birds leave their nests within a radius of 100 - 150 meters, leave for a long time, and the incubated eggs have time to cool down and the clutch dies.
Even the most the right way a fire lit and then carefully extinguished can cause a fire, if even a small spark remains inside the firebrand or half-burnt wood, it can flare up under the influence of the wind. Therefore, you cannot make a fire in the forest unnecessarily.
Violators of fire safety rules in the forest may be fined. If a fire occurs, a criminal case is initiated. Violators are severely punished.
The most common cause of disasters in the forest: unextinguished fires, abandoned cigarette butts, matches, burning dry grass. In hot, dry weather, a spark is enough to start a fire, especially in a coniferous forest.
Remember! It is easier to extinguish a forest fire in the first minutes of its occurrence. If time is lost, it will take a lot of people and equipment to put out the fire, which will cause great damage. In a ground fire, a fire up to 1 meter high moves at a speed of 1 km/h with a flame temperature of 200-400 ºС.
You can extinguish a small ground fire (burning grass, small shrubs) with a bunch of deciduous branches. It is necessary along the edge of the fire with outside from a fire, it is inclined to strike with branches, somewhat pressing them to the edge and sweeping the fire inside the flame border.
If the fire is so large that it cannot be overwhelmed by branches, then protective earthen strips are created. They serve as a line to stop the fire. Crown fires are much more dangerous when the fire spreads to the crowns of trees. The only and very important help in case of such a fire is to immediately report it to the forestry, forestry, fire department, police.