Yars Missile Regiment. Domestic missile system "Yars"
Presumably, the RS-24 appeared as a result of work on the 15Zh65 missile for the Topol-M complex with a special platform for placing warheads of a new type. 15Zh65 – joint development of Yuzhnoye Design Bureau and MIT. The beginning of development is the decision of the Military-Industrial Complex of September 9, 1989 No. 323. The topic of development is “universal” research. The missile, designed to launch warheads with a solid fuel jet engine without complex means to overcome missile defense, was created by MIT. The complex was developed as a mobile solution.
The same platform, but with a single-fuel liquid engine and a missile defense penetration system, was created by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau.
The first stage of the common platform was designed by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, the second and third stages were designed by MIT.
The “1L” sample created by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau was ready to be tested at the Plesetsk test site at the end of 1991. However, then the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Missile Forces cancels the tests. In 1992, there was an attempt to create a joint Russian-Ukrainian enterprise to continue work on creating a rocket. But no decision was made on this issue. By mid-1992, the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau completely ceased participation in the ICBM creation project. All design documentation is transferred to the Russian MIT, the test model “1L” was also transferred to Russia at the beginning of 1995.
Information about the service of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Yars"
First appearance in the armed forces - December 2009, experimental combat duty of "Yars" as part of the 1st division, took place in the Teikovsky division.
End of November 2010, the head of the Strategic Missile Forces announces gradual rearmament - Topol-M will be replaced by Yars complexes.
December 2010, the 2nd division, consisting of three SPUs, is part of the Teikovsky division.
March 2011, the first regiment armed with the RS-24 Yars missile, from the Teikov division, was officially announced for combat duty.
August 2011, the 3rd Yarsov division is part of the Teikov division. A full-fledged 3-divisional missile regiment with the latest weapons - the Yars ICBM - is being formed.
September 2011, the Russian military department announces the formation and entry into combat duty of the 2nd regiment with Yars missiles by the end of 2011.
Beginning of December 2011, the 2nd promised “Yarsov” regiment takes up duty (experimental combat) in the Teikov division. The regiment consists of a mobile command post of the regiment and the 1st division with three SPU.
Mid-December 2011, they officially announce the rearmament of one regiment of the Glukhov division in 2012 with Yars complexes.
The end of December 2011, the second regiment of the Teikov division with Yars missiles officially goes on combat duty.
Missiles RS-24 - 15Zh67 and silo 15Zh55M:
Structurally, the RS-24 is similar to the Topol-M and has three stages. It differs from the RS-12M2 in its new platform for disengaging warheads and the re-equipment of some part of the control system. Increased payload. The missile enters service in a factory transport and launch container, in which it spends its entire service. The body of the missile product is coated with special compounds to reduce the effects of a nuclear explosion. Probably, an additional composition was applied using stealth technology.
Guidance and control system
From the available information - an autonomous inertial control system with an onboard digital computer; astrocorrection is probably used. The proposed developer of the control system is the Moscow Research and Production Center for Instrument Engineering and Automation.
The use of the active trajectory section has been reduced. To improve the speed characteristics at the end of the third stage, it is possible to use a turn with the direction of zero increment of distance until the last stage's fuel reserve is fully exhausted. The instrumentation compartment is completely sealed. The rocket is capable of overcoming the cloud of a nuclear explosion at launch and performing a program maneuver.
For testing, the rocket will most likely be equipped with a telemetry system - the T-737 Triad receiver and indicator.
To counter missile defense systems, the missile is equipped with a countermeasures system.
From November 2005 to December 2010, tests of anti-missile defense systems were carried out using Topol and K65M-R missiles.
Stages of the Yars ICBM
The stages are solid fuel rocket engines.
Fuel for the stages of "Yars" developed by FSUE "Soyuz" city of Dzerzhinsk.
The first stage is an engine developed by the Perm NPO Iskra, presumably using T-9BK-8E fuel.
The second stage probably uses sliding nozzles on the stage engine nozzle, the supposed developer is MIT. The fuel used is AP-65.
The third stage - probably uses expandable nozzles on the stage engine nozzle, the presumed developer is MIT. The fuel used is AP-65.
Perhaps the 2nd and 3rd stages use the technology of expanding the nozzles of the stage engines, developed back in the 80s by the Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhnoye Design Bureau - the expansion occurs with the products of the development of engines of the 2nd and 3rd stages.
The warhead breeding platform likely uses a specialized variable-thrust engine. The platform fuel is developed by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Soyuz" in the city of Dzerzhinsk.
There is a possibility of using the engine for the development platform of the Dnepropetrovsk Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye" prototype, which was used on the first sample - "1L".
The engine ran on Pronit fuel, adjustable thrust - large 300 kilograms in airless space and small, respectively, 3-6 kilograms.
Presumably it is 15Zh67 that is installed on the mobile APU 15U175M. Chassis – multi-axle MZKT-79221.
The APU corresponds to the used Topol-M APU. The chassis will probably be modified over time. Topographical reference is carried out at any location of the APU, for which an ANN with satellite correction is used. There is evidence of differences between the Yars topographical reference system and Topol-M.
Navigation system with a task recalculation complex;
Integrated communication equipment to ensure high-quality signal reception from the VZU and transmission of information about the state of the installation;
Combat launch control equipment;
Autonomous power supply system;
Arrow for placing a container with a rocket;
Hydraulic system for controlling APU leveling;
Control system for temperature and humidity conditions in the container and ground equipment;
Ground control system;
Aiming complex.
Main characteristics:
Cold start with PAD;
Wheel formula 16 by 16;
Engine YaMZ-847.10 diesel version with 800 hp;
Length 22.65 meters;
Width 3.35 meters;
Height 3.27 meters;
Turning radius 18 meters;
Overcoming a ford up to 110 centimeters;
Tires VI-178A / AU adjustable pressure;
Weight 44 tons;
Fuel filling 0.82 tons;
Travel speed is 45 kilometers per hour;
The range is half a thousand kilometers.
15Zh55M is used in a mine version of the separate start type. The missile will probably be installed in the silos of the RS-20, RT-2PM2 and RS-18 missiles.
Rocket characteristics:
Length 22 meters;
Step length 8 meters;
The diameter of the 2nd and 3rd stages is 158 centimeters;
Warhead weight 1.2 tons;
Application range up to 12 thousand kilometers;
OUT time is no more than 200 seconds;
Deviation up to 150 meters (KVO);
Guaranteed service life of more than 10 years;
Possible warhead options:
Up to four MIRVs up to 300 kilotons;
Six MIRVs of 150 kilotons;
Active development of new maneuvering guided warheads is underway, probably using the developments of the Albatross research project.
The missile defense system is supposedly created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system.
Structure:
One Yars division consists of three self-propelled launchers and one CP on the MKZT chassis.
December 91 – the first prototype “1L” is ready for testing;
May 2007 – 1st launch of the Yars ICBM;
December 2007 – 2nd launch of the Yars ICBM;
November 2008 – 3rd launch of the Yars ICBM.
One of the main directions of strengthening Russia's national security now is the modernization of its strategic nuclear forces. It is the maintenance of parity in the field of nuclear weapons (this is a situation when states have comparable capabilities of nuclear strike forces) that is the guarantor of Russia’s sovereignty, the inviolability of its current borders and high status in the international arena.
However, the current state of Russian strategic nuclear forces raises serious concerns. The fact is that most of the carriers of nuclear weapons were developed and created during the times of the Soviet Union, and every year these weapons (once formidable and unparalleled in the world) become more and more outdated. This applies to all components of the “nuclear triad”: the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces), missile submarines and strategic aviation. During the Soviet era, so many resources, both material and intellectual, were invested in strategic nuclear forces that we are still using the remaining reserves, but everything comes to an end someday. And now the time has come for Russia to seriously begin modernizing its strategic nuclear forces.
The potential enemy wastes no time. The United States is actively developing the latest missile defense systems; they cannot yet provide full protection against Russian missiles, but they are investing huge amounts of money in these programs. Also, in recent years, the United States has been actively developing the “Prompt Global Strike” program (lightning-fast global strike), which makes it possible to deliver a powerful blow to any point on the planet in the shortest possible time. In this case, high-precision, high-power non-nuclear weapons are used. The essence of the program comes down to the destruction of a significant part of the enemy’s nuclear arsenal before its possible use. The Americans are also actively improving and modernizing both nuclear charges and their delivery systems.
The main potential of Russian nuclear strategic weapons is located on ground-based nuclear missiles and belongs to the Strategic Missile Forces. These are stationary mine complexes and mobile launch complexes (“Topol”, “Topol-M”). The basis of Russian silo-based missiles are liquid-fuel missiles UR-100N UTTH (SS-19, Stiletto) and R-36M (SS-18, Satan). They are the ones who must deliver the maximum number of charges to enemy territory. During the Cold War, Americans were very afraid of these missiles. They have a high degree of readiness (the missiles are fueled and have data on the target coordinates), good security, and carry several warheads capable of bypassing the missile defense system. And these missiles themselves are highly reliable. But the service life of these missile systems is coming to an end. In addition, these missiles use a large number of components that are manufactured in Ukraine (SS-18 was generally made in Dnepropetrovsk) and now Russia may have serious problems with their maintenance.
Recently, certain steps have been taken towards modernizing Russian RVNS. This process began back in the 90s, but active action began around the middle of the last decade. One of the most important steps taken in recent years is the replacement of the outdated RS-18 and RS-20A with the new fifth-generation solid propellant missile RS-24 Yars.
History of the creation of the Yars rocket
The RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile is, in fact, a deep modernization of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M missile system, the development of which began at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT) in 1992, under the leadership of chief designer Solomatin. Work on the creation of a light fifth-generation solid-propellant rocket began in the USSR back in the late 80s and was entrusted to two largest missile centers at once: the Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhnoye Design Bureau and MIT. The result of the Muscovites’ work was the RT-2PM2 “Topol-M” missile with a monoblock warhead. There is information that at the same time work was also underway on a missile with a multiple independently targetable warhead (MIRV). In 2009, the restrictions of the SVN-1 treaty expired and Russia received the right to create a new missile carrying several warheads. The RS-24 Yars differs from the Topol-M only in its head part and a more modern control system.
In May 2007, the first test launch of the new R-24 missile was carried out, the second took place in December of the same year. Both launches were carried out from the Plesetsk test site and both were successful. The launches were carried out from the modernized Topol-M complex, which once again proves the high degree of similarity of these missiles. The third launch of the rocket took place at the beginning of 2008 and was also successful. The parameters and characteristics of the new missile were strictly tied to the technical characteristics of the Topol-M complex; there are no differences between the launch systems of these missiles. This should significantly reduce the cost of production. Some experts note the similarity of some characteristics of the R-24 Yars and the R-30 Bulava missile system.
A number of experts expressed surprise at such a small number of test launches before the missile was transferred to the troops (compared to Soviet times). However, the developers of the complex announced that new missiles are being tested under a new program, with more active use of computer modeling, which allows reducing the number of missile launches to a minimum. This approach is economically beneficial.
Initially, it was planned to begin deploying new missile systems in 2010. However, the supply of RS-24 to the Strategic Missile Forces began back in 2009. In 2010, the 54th Guards Missile Division (Ivanovo Region) received three new missile systems, Deputy Defense Minister Popovkin announced. At the end of the year, another RS-24 division (three complexes) entered service with the same division. In March 2011, it was officially announced that the RS-24 ICBM was on combat duty. In 2012, work began on re-equipping the Kozelsk and Novosibirsk missile units with a new missile system. At the beginning of 2014, the Russian special purpose missile forces were armed with 33 RS-24 missiles, each of them had four warheads.
The RS-2 ballistic missile is manufactured at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, and the launcher for the mobile complex is mass-produced at the Volgograd Production Association "Barricades".
Description of the RS-24 ICBM
The RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile was created to destroy important enemy military-industrial centers. Its design is in many respects identical to the RS-12M2 Topol-M missile. Only the head part and the control system differ.
The RS-24 Yars is a three-stage solid propellant missile. The rocket body is made of high-strength composite material based on aramid fiber. The rocket does not have stabilizers to control the flight; this function is performed by the engine nozzles of each stage. The nozzle nozzles and the bell of the nozzle blocks are also made of composite materials. The RS-24 uses solid fuel with high energy characteristics.
There is information that the warhead with the warhead disengagement system of the RS-24 Yars missile is very reminiscent of the Bulava warhead, which was also designed at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Probably, Yars can deliver from three to six warheads, each with a capacity of up to 300 kilotons, to the affected area.
The flight control system is inertial. The information is processed by an on-board computer complex, which can correct the flight, taking into account information from GLONASS navigation satellites. An astronomical correction system may be installed. All missile electronics have increased resistance to the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. The Yars navigation system provides it with high accuracy in hitting targets.
In connection with the improvement of missile defense systems, changes were made to the Yars design to increase the survivability of the missile. The flight time was reduced as much as possible, and the active phase of the flight was significantly shortened (this is where the rocket is most vulnerable). Thanks to more advanced engines, the RS-24 gains speed faster than previous generation missiles. Moreover, the missile can perform maneuvers already at the initial stage of its trajectory, immediately after launch. The missile is equipped with a missile defense penetration complex (there is very little information about its characteristics); the missile throws out many decoys that are practically indistinguishable from real warheads in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The warheads are coated with a substance that absorbs radar radiation and are practically invisible even to the most modern radars.
The developers stated that a new system for distributing warheads, a ballistic type, was ready for the Yars, which would guide each unit individually. But whether this system was tested and how successful they were is unknown. It is possible that a liquid-fuel engine is at the stage of breeding warheads, although this seems unlikely, because MIT has always specialized in solid-fuel engines.
The RS-24 Yars has a more advanced thermonuclear charge, and it was created without testing (nuclear testing has been prohibited since 1989).
The launch of the RS-24 missile, both silo-based and mobile-based, is a mortar launch using a powder battery. The rocket leaves the factory in a special fiberglass container.
Technical characteristics of RS-24
Below are the technical characteristics of the missile system. Many are unknown because they are classified.
RS-24 rocket
Number of stages 3
Maximum flight range, km (estimated) 11-12
Maximum launch weight, kg (estimated) 46500-47200
Warhead charge power, Mt 0.15, 0.3
Weight of the head part, t 1.2-1.3
KVO, m 150
Guaranteed shelf life, 15 years
Control system Inertial, possibly with astro correction
Based Mine, mobile
In 2015, the creation of the Barguzin railway missile system began, which they plan to equip with Yars missiles. In the USSR there was a similar railway complex “Molodets”, but then, according to the SVN-2 agreement (1993), it was withdrawn from service. "Barguzin" is planned to be put into service by 2020.
In the next decade, the RS-24 missile system should completely replace the RS-18 and RS-20A Voevoda missiles. And together with the Topol-M missile, it will become the basis of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.
MOSCOW, September 14— RIA Novosti, Andrey Stanavov. Complexes with RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missiles and promising heavy RS-28 Sarmat missiles, together with Topol-M, will in the near future become the basis of the ground-based component of Russia's nuclear triad. Mobile and silo-based, solid and liquid fuel, monoblock and multiple warheads, equipped with the latest technologies for overcoming missile defense - the arsenal is impressive. The policy for the creation and use of this formidable weapon in the Strategic Missile Forces is supervised by the Military Scientific Committee. This year it celebrates its 55th anniversary. About how the survivability of mobile "Yars" and "Topols" is increased on combat duty and why the secret machine "Typhoon-M" was developed - in the RIA Novosti material.
Mobile nuclear
The abbreviation PGRK is a mobile ground-based missile system. Its main feature is self-propelled launchers, which “roam” around combat patrol areas and hide from enemy reconnaissance. It is traditionally believed that mobility provides complexes with high survivability - they are camouflaged and constantly moving, and, thanks to their high maneuverability, they can do without roads.
But this coin also has a downside - if a reinforced concrete stationary mine can be disabled only by a direct hit from heavy penetrating ammunition, then even a small sabotage group with grenade launchers can destroy a mobile complex. Or, for example, a powerful anti-tank mine, pre-planted along the route.
© AP Photo Military personnel inspect the Topol-M missile silo
“Although vehicles can go along any route and sometimes it is quite difficult to determine exactly where this or that complex will go, they are still definitely more vulnerable to saboteurs than mine vehicles,” military expert, retired Colonel General Viktor Esin told RIA Novosti , who previously served as chief of the main headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces.
The problem of covering mobile systems became acute immediately after the creation of the first Soviet PGRK "Temp-2S" in the early 1970s. Then the Pioneer appeared with a medium-range missile, which was guarded by an entire mini-army on an armored personnel carrier with machine guns and an impressive amount of ammunition. Sappers were on duty along the routes.
The fight for survivability
Today Russia has three types of PGRK: "Topol", "Topol-M" and "Yars". To protect them, the most advanced technologies and unique vehicles are used, which sometimes look like military equipment from science fiction films about the future.
"Typhoon-M" against saboteurs: missilemen learn to control the new reconnaissance armored personnel carrierThe newest anti-sabotage vehicle "Typhoon-M" with a thermal imager and a drone was looking for "saboteurs" at the training ground in Serpukhov. Watch the RIA Novosti video to see what other capabilities the combat vehicle has.“Each complex includes specialized combat vehicles and personnel of security units,” notes Esin. “They accompany installations everywhere. As the capabilities of sabotage groups increase, these vehicles are improved. As far as I know, today it is already possible to search for saboteurs and reconnaissance use robotic means and unmanned aerial vehicles."
Recently, a rather interesting anti-sabotage vehicle (BPDM) "Typhoon-M" appeared in service with the Strategic Missile Forces. It is built on the basis of the BTR-82 and is equipped with a unique all-weather radio and optical-electronic surveillance system, which allows the crew to detect a person at a distance of up to three kilometers, and equipment at twice that distance. The Typhoon-M carries electronic warfare equipment, a system for countering radio-controlled explosive devices, and an Eleron-3SV unmanned aerial vehicle. The crew of the vehicle presumably includes a commander, a driver and a detection systems operator.
In addition, robots can be used to guard the PGRK - the Nerekhta technical complex has more than once participated in anti-sabotage exercises. The smart robot is equipped with an optical-electronic system, a thermal imager, a laser rangefinder and a ballistic computer. The device is capable of combat, reconnaissance and patrolling; the built-in 12.7-mm Kord machine gun fires remotely in continuous bursts of 600-750 rounds per minute.
© Photo: courtesy of the Foundation for Advanced StudyCombat robot "Nerekhta"
© Photo: courtesy of the Foundation for Advanced Study
It was reported that by the end of 2017, strategic missile forces will receive more than 20 pieces of advanced equipment for chemical reconnaissance and aerosol camouflage of field positions. In particular, the RKhM-6 chemical reconnaissance vehicle based on the BTR-80 is designed for radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance, and the new generation ARS-14KM auto-filling station is for degassing, decontamination and disinfection. The Ministry of Defense noted that these new items will significantly increase the survivability of the Yars missile system. According to Viktor Yesin, the “honorary escort” of the Topol and Yars traditionally also includes special vehicles for clearing mines and blocking remote explosions, and in case of war, increased security is provided by the forces of military districts.
According to the Ministry of Defense, by the end of 2017 the Strategic Missile Forces will receive a record amount of engineering equipment in the history of modern Russia. The four formations will receive 12 engineering support and camouflage vehicles (MIOM), as well as remote demining vehicles (MDR) "Foliage". "Foliage" was developed in 2013 as part of the Yars R&D project specifically for clearing minefields, radio-controlled mines and landmines.
"They won't hit you with wings"
Thus, it can already be noted that the latest Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles are reliably protected from sabotage groups. As for all kinds of theories of a global disarming strike on them with cruise missiles, Yesin called them “children’s fairy tales.”
“The press often writes that you can deliver a disarming strike with cruise missiles, and then we seem to have nothing to respond with. These are children’s fairy tales. According to our doctrine, an attack on a nuclear facility, even by conventional forces, is considered the outbreak of a nuclear war. A massive nuclear strike will immediately follow in response. This is what guides not only Russia, but also the United States, and, I think, China too, although it does not reveal all its cards. Therefore, no one will ever risk attacking the nuclear arsenal with conventional weapons,” the general told RIA Novosti.
It is no coincidence that the Ministry of Defense pays special attention to the survivability of the Yars - these complexes, together with the heavy Sarmatians, will form the basis of the ground component of the Russian nuclear triad. In September, another successful test launch of the Yars silo version was carried out from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, as a result of which the warheads “landed” in the estimated area of the Kamchatka Kura test site.
The accuracy of the missile is such that with a range of 12 thousand kilometers it is capable of “fitting” into a circle with a radius of 150 meters. At the same time, according to various sources, the Yars carries from three to six warheads with a capacity of up to 300 kilotons each. Several regiments are now being re-equipped with these complexes, including the Tagil, Novosibirsk and Kozelsk missile formations.
The consistent development of the Topol and Topol-M mobile strategic missile systems led to the creation of the RS-24 Yars complex. The complex was developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The first test launch of the complex rocket was carried out on May 29, 2007. Serial production was launched at the Botkin Machine-Building Plant. The complex will replace complexes with intercontinental ballistic missiles RS-12, RS-18 and RS-20 on duty as their warranty periods expire. The re-equipment of the strategic missile forces with Yars missile systems is proceeding at a relatively fast pace. According to Russian media reports, by 2025, 4 of the 12 missile divisions in the Strategic Missile Forces will be armed with RS-24 Yars complexes.
A regiment of Yars mobile systems usually includes two or three missile divisions, each of which has three self-propelled launchers and a mobile command post on an MZKT chassis. The 15P165M stationary missile system includes 10 15Zh67 Yars-M intercontinental ballistic missiles, placed in transport and launch containers and installed in silo launchers 15P765M silos (converted 15P735 silos of 15A35 missiles), as well as a highly secure unified command post (UCP) 15V242 ( located on a suspension in the shaft with special shock absorption). The 15P155M mobile ground-based missile system (GGRK) includes 9 15Zh55M intercontinental ballistic missiles mounted on 15U175M autonomous launchers (APU). The autonomous launcher 15U175M of the mobile complex consists of a 15ZH55M missile placed in a high-strength fiberglass transport and launch container (TPK), mounted on an eight-axle chassis MZKT-79221. A missile regiment (RP) consists of a mobile command post (MCP), three missile divisions (RDN) with 3 APUs each, a total of 9 APUs in a missile regiment, as well as an engineering support and camouflage vehicle (MIOM).
In its design, the RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile of the Yars complex is generally similar to the RS-12M2 missile of the Topol-M complex and is maximally unified with it, with the exception of the block deployment platform, head fairing, control system and payload. RS-24 is a three-stage solid propellant rocket. Its body is made of high-strength composite material based on aramid fiber. The rocket does not have stabilizers for flight control. Their function is performed by the engine nozzles of each stage. Nozzle tips and nozzle block bells are also made of composite materials. The rocket has an inertial flight control system. All information is processed by the on-board computer complex, which can correct the flight, taking into account information from the GLONASS navigation satellites.
For mobile launchers produced by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant and 15Zh55M - for silo launchers (silos). In this regard, it should be noted that silo launchers of UR-100 NUTTH (RS-18B) and RT-23 (RS-22) missiles, withdrawn from service or destroyed in accordance with the START-2 treaty, are used to deploy 15ZH55M missiles. A project has also been developed for using silo launchers on the R-36M UTTH (RS-20A) and R-36M2 (RS-20B) missiles. The launch of the RS-24, both mobile and silo-based, is a mortar launch using a powder battery.
Technical characteristics of PC-24 "Yars"
Presumably, the RS-24 Yars appeared as a result of work on the 15Zh65 missile for the Topol-M complex with a special platform for placing warheads of a new type. 15Zh65 - joint development of Yuzhnoye Design Bureau and MIT. The start of development is the decision of the Military-Industrial Complex of September 9, 1989 No. 323. The topic of development is R&D “Universal”. The missile, designed to launch warheads with a solid fuel jet engine without complex means to overcome missile defense, was created by MIT. The complex was developed as a mobile soil complex.
The same platform, but with a single-fuel liquid engine and a missile defense penetration system, was created by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau. The first stage of the common platform was designed by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, the second and third stages were designed by MIT. The “1L” sample created by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau was ready to be tested at the Plesetsk test site at the end of 1991. However, then the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Missile Forces canceled the tests.
In 1992, there was an attempt to create a joint Russian-Ukrainian enterprise to continue work on creating a rocket. But no decision was made on this issue. By mid-1992, the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau completely ceased participation in the ICBM creation project. All design documentation is transferred to the Russian MIT, the test model “1L” was also transferred to Russia at the beginning of 1995.
All information presented in the article is taken from published and disclosed information in the media. This information is summarized in one review and does not pretend to be a primary source, but is information for reference.
Information about the service of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Yars"
- First appearance in the armed forces - December 2009, experimental combat duty of "Yars" as part of the 1st division, took place in the Teikovsky division.
- End of November 2010, the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Missile Forces announces gradual rearmament - Topol-M will be replaced by Yars complexes.
- December 2010, the 2nd division, consisting of three SPUs, is part of the Teikovsky division.
- March 2011, the first regiment armed with the RS-24 Yars missile, from the Teikov division, was officially announced for combat duty.
- August 2011, the 3rd Yarsov division is part of the Teikovsky division. A full-fledged 3-divisional missile regiment with the latest weapons - the Yars ICBM - is being formed.
- September 2011, the Russian military department announces the formation and entry into combat duty of the 2nd regiment with Yars missiles by the end of 2011.
- Beginning of December 2011, the promised 2nd “Yarsov” regiment takes up duty (combat test) in the Teikovsky division. The regiment consists of a mobile command post of the regiment and the 1st division with three SPU.
- Mid-December 2011, they officially announce the rearmament of one regiment of the Glukhov division in 2012 with Yars complexes.
- Late December 2011, the second regiment of the Teikov division with Yars missiles officially goes on combat duty.
Missiles RS-24 - 15Zh67 and silo 15Zh55M
Structurally, the RS-24 is similar to the Topol-M and has three stages. Differs from RS-12M2 "Topol-M":
- new platform for breeding blocks with warheads
- re-equipment of some part of the missile control system
- increased payload.
The missile enters service in a factory transport and launch container (TPC), in which it spends its entire service. The body of the missile product is coated with special compounds to reduce the effects of a nuclear explosion. Probably, an additional composition was applied using stealth technology.
Guidance and control system (GCS)
SNU is an autonomous inertial control system with an on-board digital computer (OND), probably using astrocorrection. The proposed developer of the control system is the Moscow Research and Production Center for Instrument Engineering and Automation.
The use of the active trajectory section has been reduced. To improve the speed characteristics at the end of the third stage, it is possible to use a turn with the direction of zero increment of distance until the last stage's fuel reserve is fully exhausted.
The instrumentation compartment is completely sealed. The rocket is capable of overcoming the cloud of a nuclear explosion at launch and performing a program maneuver. For testing, the rocket will most likely be equipped with a telemetry system - the T-737 Triad receiver and indicator.
To counter missile defense systems, the missile is equipped with a countermeasures system. From November 2005 to December 2010, tests of anti-missile defense systems were carried out using Topol and K65M-R missiles.
Stages of the Yars ICBM
The stages are solid fuel rocket engines. Fuel for the stages of "Yars" developed by FSUE "Soyuz" city of Dzerzhinsk.
- First stage- engine developed by the Perm NPO Iskra, presumably the fuel used is T-9BK-8E.
- Second stage
- Third stage- probably uses sliding nozzles on the stage engine nozzle, the supposed developer is MIT. The fuel used is AP-65.
Perhaps the 2nd and 3rd stages use the technology of expanding the nozzles of the stage engines, developed back in the 80s by the Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhnoye Design Bureau - the expansion occurs with the products of the development of engines of the 2nd and 3rd stages.
The warhead breeding platform likely uses a specialized variable-thrust engine. The platform fuel is developed by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Soyuz" in the city of Dzerzhinsk. There is a possibility of using the engine for the development platform of the Dnepropetrovsk Design Bureau "Yuzhnoye" prototype, which was used on the first sample - "1L".
The engine ran on Pronit fuel, the adjustable thrust was 300 kg. in airless space and small, respectively, 3-6 kg.
Composition of PGRK "Yars"
Presumably, it is the 15Zh67 ICBM that is installed on the mobile APU 15U175M. Chassis - multi-axle MZKT-79221. The APU corresponds to the used Topol-M APU. The chassis will probably be modified over time. Topographical reference is carried out at any location of the APU, for which an ANN with satellite correction is used. There is evidence of differences between the Yars topographical reference system and Topol-M.
- navigation system with task recalculation complex
- complex communication equipment to ensure high-quality signal reception from the VCU and transmission of information about the state of the installation
- combat launch control equipment
- autonomous power supply system
- missile container placement boom
- hydraulic system for controlling APU leveling
- control system for temperature and humidity conditions in the container and ground equipment
- ground control system
- targeting complex
Main characteristics:
- cold start with a powder pressure accumulator (PAA)
- wheel formula 16 by 16
- YaMZ-847.10 diesel engine 800 hp
- length 22.65 m
- width 3.35 m
- height 3.27 m
- turning radius 18 m
- fording up to 110 cm
- tires VI-178A / AU adjustable pressure
- weight 44 t
- fuel filling 0.82 t
- travel speed 45 km/h
- range 500 km
15Zh55M is used in a mine version of the separate start type. The missile will probably be installed in the silos of the RS-20, RT-2PM2 and RS-18 missiles.
Rocket characteristics:
- length 22 m
- step length 8 m
- diameter 2 and 3 steps 158 cm
- warhead weight 1.2 t
- range of application up to 12 thousand km
- OUT time no more than 200 s
- deviation up to 150 m (KVO)
- guaranteed service life of more than 10 years
Possible warhead options:
- up to four MIRV IN up to 300 klt
- six MIRV IN 150 klt
- Active development of new maneuvering guided warheads is underway; developments from the Albatross research project are probably being used
The missile defense system is supposedly created on the basis of the Sura missile defense system.
Structure: One Yars division consists of three self-propelled launchers and one CP on the MKZT chassis.
Dates:
- December 1991 - the first prototype “1L” is ready for testing
- May 2007 - 1st launch of the Yars ICBM
- December 2007 - 2nd launch of the Yars ICBM
- November 2008 - 3rd launch of the Yars ICBM.