Migration paths of wild animals concept. Biological and geographical features of migration of terrestrial animals
Set of 16 postcards with cover.
Publishing house " art" 1979
Format 15 x 10.5 cm
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The price of one postcard is 3 kopecks
The first exemplary printing house named after A.A. Zhdanov
The proposed set of postcards contains illustrations for L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” - one of the most significant works of Russian literature. The author of the illustrations is Orest Georgievich Vereisky, People's Artist of the RSFSR, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Arts. Vereisky's work is familiar to a wide range of viewers and readers. The artist's works are distinguished by high skill, subtle artistic taste and soulfulness. Working extensively and fruitfully in book graphics, Vereisky created illustrations for the works of I. A. Bunin, I. A. Goncharov, M. A. Sholokhov, A. T. Tvardovsky, A. A. Fadeev, E. Hemingway, H. Laxness and other Russian, Soviet and foreign writers.
Oblonsky and Vronsky
Who are you meeting? - he asked.
- I? “I’m a pretty woman,” Oblonsky said.
- That's how it is!
Too much big success
2. She refused five and now did not dance the mazurka. There was not even a hope that she would be invited, precisely because she had too much success in the world, and it could not have occurred to anyone that she had not been invited until now. She should have told her mother that she was sick and gone home, but she didn’t have the strength to do that. She felt killed.
Nice spring
3. - Spring is good, Vasily.
- Yes, it’s such a spring, the old people won’t remember. I was at home, and an old man there also sowed three fields of wheat. So he says, you can’t tell it from rust.
- How long ago have you started sowing wheat?
- Yes, you taught the year after the summer; You donated two measures to me. A quarter was sold, and three osminas were sown.
“Well, look, grind the clods,” said Levin, approaching the horse, “and look after Mishka.” If it grows well, you get fifty kopecks per tithe.
- Thank you humbly. We seem to be very pleased with you.
Caught bird
4. She was completely lost. She began to fight like a caught bird: she either wanted to get up and go somewhere, or turned to Betsy.
“Let’s go, let’s go,” she said.
Kopna
5. Levin took a closer look at Vanka Parmenov and his wife. They were winding a mop not far from him.
I don't have lunch at home.
6. - Alexey Alexandrovich! What you want from me?
“I need you not to meet this man here and for you to behave in such a way that neither the world nor the servants can blame you... so that you don’t see him.” It doesn't seem like much. And for this you will enjoy all the rights of an honest wife, without fulfilling her duties. That's all I have to tell you. Now it's time for me to go. I don't have lunch at home.
He stood up and headed towards the door. Anna stood up too. He bowed silently and let her pass.
Another smile
7. The mocking shine went out in her eyes, but another smile - knowledge of something unknown to him and quiet sadness - replaced her previous expression.
Doctors said there was no hope.
8. Alexey Alexandrovich went into her office. Vronsky sat on a low chair at her table, side to back, and, covering his face with his hands, wept. He jumped up at the doctor’s voice, took his hands away from his face and saw Alexei Alexandrovich. Seeing his husband, he was so embarrassed that he sat down again, pulling his head into his shoulders, as if wanting to disappear somewhere; but he made an effort over himself, stood up and said:
- She is dying. Doctors said there was no hope. I am entirely in your power, but let me be here... however, I am in your will, I...
Alexey Alexandrovich, seeing Vronsky’s tears, felt a surge of that mental disorder that the sight of other people’s suffering produced in him, and, turning his face away, he, without listening to his words, hurriedly went to the door.
All of Moscow was in the church
9. All of Moscow, relatives and friends, were in the church. And during the betrothal ceremony, in the brilliant lighting of the church, in the circle of dressed-up women, girls and men in white ties, tailcoats and uniforms, the decently quiet conversation did not cease, which was mainly started by men, while the women were absorbed in observing all the details of what always affected them. sacred rites.
I'm much better
10. “I feel much better,” he said. “With you, I would have recovered long ago.” How good! - He took her hand and pulled it to his lips, but, as if afraid that it would be unpleasant for her, he changed his mind, released it and only stroked it. Kitty took this hand with both hers and shook it.
- Now put me on left side and go to sleep,” he said.
No one heard what he said, only Kitty understood. She understood because she never stopped thinking about what he needed.
Seryozha! My dear boy!
11. - Seryozha! My dear boy! - she said, gasping and hugging his plump body with her arms.
- Mother! - he said, moving under her hands to different places body touch her hands.
Smiling sleepily, all with eyes closed, he grabbed her shoulders with his chubby little hands from the headboard, leaned against her, dousing her with that sweet sleepy smell and warmth that only children have, and began rubbing his face on her neck and shoulders.
“I knew,” he said, opening his eyes. “Today is my birthday.” I knew you would come...
Hunting panache
12. Vasenka Veslovsky did not understand before this real hunting panache - to be in reproaches, but to have the hunting gear himself best quality. He realized this now, looking at Stepan Arkadyevich, in these reproaches his elegant, well-fed and cheerful lordly figure shone, and decided that for the next hunt he would certainly arrange himself like this.
What a joy!
13. Having approached the carriage, she jumped off without help and, supporting the Amazon, ran up to meet Dolly.
- I thought so and didn’t dare think. What a joy! “You can’t imagine my joy!” she said, now pressing her face to Dolly and kissing her, now pulling away and looking at her with a smile.
I definitely forget her
14. - Not once since I’ve been married have I said that it would be better otherwise than as it is...
- Is it true? - she said, looking into his eyes.
He said this without thinking, just to console her. But when he looked at her and saw that those truthful, sweet eyes were looking at him questioningly, he repeated the same thing with all his heart. “I’m definitely forgetting her,” he thought. And he remembered what awaited them so soon.
- How soon? How do you feel? - he whispered, taking both her hands.
Yes it's me.
15. “Who is this?” - she thought, looking in the mirror at her inflamed face with strangely shining eyes, looking at her in fear. “Yes, it’s me,” she suddenly realized, and, looking around herself, she felt his kisses on her and, shuddering, moved her shoulders. Then she raised her hand to her lips and kissed her.
Can I believe?
16. “But can I believe in everything that the church professes?” - he thought, testing himself and coming up with everything that could destroy his current calm. He deliberately began to remember those teachings of the church that most of all always seemed strange to him and seduced him.
The author of the novel “Anna Karenina” is the people's educator, psychologist, classic novelist, philosopher and Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy. The beginning of it literary activity falls in 1852. It was then that his autobiographical story “Childhood” was published. This was the first part of a trilogy. Somewhat later, the works “Adolescence” and “Youth” appeared.
Another one of the most famous works L. N. Tolstoy is the epic novel “War and Peace”. The reason for writing the work was the Sevastopol and Caucasian events. The novel describes a military campaign and the events unfolding against its backdrop. family chronicles. This work, the main character of which the author considers the people, conveys to the reader the “people's thought.”
Problems married life L. N. Tolstoy reflected in his next essay- the novel "Anna Karenina".
The significance of Tolstoy's work
The works of the outstanding Russian writer significantly influenced world literature. Tolstoy's authority during his lifetime was truly irrefutable. After the death of the classic, his popularity grew even more. There is hardly a person who will remain indifferent if he comes across “Anna Karenina” - a novel that tells not only about the fate of a woman. The work vividly describes the history of the country. It also reflects the morality that the life of the very bottom adheres to. The reader is shown the splendor of salons and the poverty of the village. Against the backdrop of this ambiguous Russian life, an extraordinary and bright personality is described, striving for happiness.
The image of a woman in literary works
The heroes of the works of the classics of the past often became representatives fair half humanity. There are many examples of this. This is Ekaterina from “The Thunderstorm” and Larisa from “Dowry” by the writer Ostrovsky. The image of Nina from Chekhov’s “The Seagull” is vivid. All these women, in the struggle for their happiness, oppose public opinion.
L.N. touched on the same topic in his brilliant work. Tolstoy. Anna Karenina is the image of a special woman. Distinctive feature The heroine is her belonging to the highest level of society. She seems to have everything. Anna is beautiful, rich and educated. They admire her, her advice is taken into account. However, she is deprived of happiness in her married life and experiences loneliness in her family. Probably, the fate of this woman would have turned out differently if love had reigned in her house.
The main character of the novel
In order to understand why Anna Karenina throws herself under a train at the end of the work, you need to carefully read the work of the great writer. Only understanding the image of this heroine will allow us to draw certain conclusions.
At the beginning of the story, Anna Karenina appears to the reader as an attractive young woman belonging to high society. L. N. Tolstoy describes his heroine as friendly, cheerful and pleasant to talk to. Anna Karenina is an exemplary wife and mother. Most of all she loves her little son. As for the husband, outwardly their relationship is simply exemplary. However, upon closer examination, artificiality and falsehood are noticeable in them. A woman is connected with her husband not by love, but by respect.
Meeting with Vronsky
With her unloved husband, Anna lived in luxury and prosperity. They had a son, Serezhenka. It seems like life is good. However, everything changes radically with a meeting with Vronsky. From this moment on, the image of Anna Karenina undergoes radical changes. The heroine's thirst for love and life awakens.
The emerging new feeling inexorably pulls her towards Vronsky. His strength is such that Anna is simply not able to resist. Anna Karenina appears to the reader as honest, sincere and open. gives an understanding that she is simply not able to live in a false and difficult relationship with her husband. As a result, Anna gives in to the passionate feeling that arises.
Parting
The image of Anna Karenina is contradictory. Confirmation of this lies in her life outside of marriage. According to the heroine, happiness can only be possible when the laws are strictly followed. She tried to start new life. In this case, the basis was the misfortune of people close to her. Anna feels like a criminal. At the same time, generosity emanates from Karenin. He is ready to forgive his wife everything and save the marriage. However, this high morality of her husband only evokes hatred in Anna.
Through the mouth of his wife, the author compares Karenin to an evil and soulless machine. This dignitary compares all his feelings with the norms of the law, which are established by the church and the state. Undoubtedly, he suffers from the fact that his wife cheated on him. However, he does it in a unique way. He just wants to shake off the “dirt” with which Anna “spattered” him and calmly continue his life. The basis of his feelings is not heartfelt experiences, but a cold mind. Karenin's rationality allows him to find a way cruel punishment for Anna. He separates her from her son. The heroine is faced with a choice. And she goes to Vronsky. However, this path turned out to be disastrous for her. He led her to the abyss, and this can explain the fact that Anna Karenina threw herself under a train.
The second main character of the work “Anna Karenina”
Alexey Vronsky is a brilliant representative of the highest circles of Russia of the period described in the novel. He is handsome, rich and possessive great connections. Adjutant Vronsky is kind and sweet by nature. He is smart and educated. The lifestyle of the novel's protagonist is typical of a young aristocrat of that time. He serves in the guards regiment. His expenses per year amount to 45,000 rubles.
Vronsky, who shares the habits and views of the aristocratic environment, is loved by his comrades. After meeting Anna, the young man reconsiders his life. He understands that he is obliged to change her usual way of life. Vronsky sacrifices freedom and ambition. He resigns and, having parted with his usual secular environment, is looking for new life paths. The restructuring of his worldview did not allow him to gain satisfaction and peace of mind.
Life with Vronsky
Why does Anna Karenina throw herself under a train at the end of the novel, because fate connected her with a wonderful young man, giving her a sincere and deep feeling? Despite the fact that love has come to the main character, after leaving her husband, the woman cannot find peace.
Neither Vronsky’s deep feeling for her, nor the little daughter who was born, nor entertainment and trips bring her peace. Anna's mental discord is further aggravated by separation from her son. Society doesn't understand her. Her friends turn away from her. Over time, Anna increasingly comes to realize the depth of her misfortune. The character of the heroine changes. She becomes suspicious and irritable. As a sedative, Anna begins to take morphine, which further intensifies the feelings that arise. The woman begins to be jealous of Vronsky without any reason. She feels dependent on his desires and love. However, Anna understands perfectly well that because of her, Vronsky gave up many important things in life. That is why she seeks to replace his entire world with herself. Gradually unravel the tangle difficult relationships It becomes more and more difficult, and thoughts of death begin to come to the heroine. And this is in order to stop being guilty, shifting the feeling that has arisen onto Vronsky, while simultaneously freeing herself. All this will serve as an answer to the question: “Why does Anna Karenina throw herself under a train?”
Tragedy
In the image main character In his novel, Tolstoy showed a spontaneous and integral woman who lives by feeling. However, it would be wrong to explain the entire tragedy of fate and situation only by her nature. It is located much deeper, because it is social environment became the reason that Anna Karenina felt the alienation of society.
The characterization of the image of the main character indicates that she is only concerned about personal problems - marriage, love and family. The situation that developed in her life after leaving her husband did not suggest a decent way out of the situation. Why does Anna Karenina throw herself under a train? Her desperate step can be explained by the unbearable life that arose due to the rejection of her action by society.
Origins of the tragedy
The difficult fate of women is described in many literary works. She did not escape Pushkin's Tatiana and Turgenev's Elena, Nekrasov's Decembrists and Ostrovsky's heroines. What they have in common with Anna Karenina is the naturalness and sincerity of actions and feelings, purity of thoughts, as well as the deep tragedy of fate. Tolstoy showed the experiences of his heroine to readers most deeply, completely and psychologically subtly.
Anna's tragedy began not even when she married woman, a real challenge was thrown at society. Dissatisfaction with one's fate arose even at a time when it was still completely young girl, married to a royal official. Anna sincerely tried to create happy family. However, she failed. Then she began to justify her life with her unloved husband by love for her son. And this is already a tragedy. Being alive and a bright person, Anna realized for the first time what it was real love. And it is not surprising that the woman tried to break free from the world that disgusted her. However, in doing so she lost her son.
The heroine's mental anguish
Anna did not want to hide her new life from others. Society was simply shocked. A real wall of alienation has grown around Karenina. Even those who had done much worse in their lives began to condemn her. And Anna could not come to terms with this rejection.
Yes, high society showed its hypocrisy. However, the woman had to realize that she was not in a vacuum. Living in a society, you have to reckon with its laws and orders.
Tolstoy is a wise psychologist. He describes the mental anguish of the heroine of his novel simply amazing. Does the author condemn this woman? No. He suffers and loves with her.
Anna Karenina is the central character of the writer’s novel of the same name. At the beginning of the work, the reader sees only positive sides multifaceted personality of the main character. The young lady is attractive, friendly and cheerful. Among other things, she is an exemplary wife and loving mother.
This whole idealized image collapses when Count Vronsky appears in Anna’s life, and Karenina understands that for the sake of the new feeling emerging in her chest, she is ready to sacrifice her position in society, her family, and religious beliefs, and your own dignity.
The novel "Anna Karenina"
In the summer of 1873, Leo Tolstoy told his circle the good news that he had almost finished new novel, and promised skeptical friends to demonstrate the final version of the work in three months. As a result, three months stretched over five years, and the first book edition of Anna Karenina was published only in 1878.
Reviews of the world classic masterpiece were extremely contradictory. Thus, the eminent writer, having read the book from cover to cover with his inherent absolute aesthetic flair, called Tolstoy “the God of art”, and spoke of “Anna Karenina” as a “cow novel” in which Vronsky is a “bull in love”.
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A literary masterpiece traditionally has two storylines. The first is the romance of married Anna Karenina with the young Count Alexei Vronsky, who has lost his head in love with her (the age difference between Anna and Alexei is 5 years); and the second - family life landowner Konstantin Levin and Kitty Shcherbatskaya. If we compare these two couples, then the conflicts between Levin and Shcherbatskaya pale against the background of the all-consuming, maddening passion that reigned in the relationship between Vronsky and Karenina.
Anna was married to a noble St. Petersburg official, Alexei Karenin, with whom she gave birth to a child, Sergei. This marriage was exemplary until Karenina, at the invitation of her brother Stepan Oblonsky (Steve), came to his house to reconcile his relative with his wife Daria Alexandrovna (Dolly), who had accused her husband of cheating with the governess.
Upon arrival in St. Petersburg at the station, Karenina met the charming officer Vronsky. The moment Anna and Alexei’s glances crossed, a spark ran between them, and although Karenina tried to hide her interest, the young count realized that he liked the stranger by the smile that barely flickered on her face.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/02_oP4elqE.jpg)
It is noteworthy that on this day Alexey planned to offer his hand and heart to Stepan Oblonsky’s sister-in-law, Kitya Shcherbatskaya, but after fateful meeting changed my mind. The young man did not know that for his sake the young lady refused the opportunity to become the wife of Konstantin Levin.
Soon Karenina and Vronsky collided at a ball in the Oblonskys’ house. There, even Kitty, who was in love with the officer, saw that Anna and Alexei were so immersed in each other that they did not notice either the people or the events happening around them.
Having reconciled her brother with her wife, Anna hastily returned to her native land to her family, and Vronsky, who was in love to the point of unconsciousness, forgetting about the limits of decency, rushed after her. There, the young count, who was absolutely not embarrassed by the fact that his chosen one had a child and a husband, began to court the lady.
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Throughout the year, young people met at social events and balls. Spiritual closeness and irresistible desire being with each other took over. Anna and Alexey became lovers, and everyone watched the development of their relationship high society, including Anna’s husband, who was aware of Karenina’s infidelities.
Even when the husband found out that his wife was expecting a child from her lover, the man did not file for divorce, saying that if Anna chooses Vronsky, she will never see her son again. During childbirth, Karenina almost died and in a fit of agony asked her husband for forgiveness, however, having come to her senses a month later, the young lady went abroad with her young lover and daughter, leaving Sergei in the care of her father.
True, Karenina’s dreams of a carefree life with her lover were shattered into smithereens by the gray everyday realities. Anna was constantly jealous of Vronsky and demanded increased attention to his person, but the count moved further and further away from her every day.
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Returning to St. Petersburg did not change anything. Karenina and Vronsky realized that their reckless behavior led to the fact that all their friends and acquaintances turned away from them. As a result, the lovers moved to an estate located outside the city. There Alexey was involved in charity work and replenishing the family budget.
However, Anna views her lover’s business trips as a reason to spend time in the company of other ladies, and increasingly starts scenes of jealousy out of nowhere.
Then they moved to Moscow so that Anna could resolve the issue of divorce proceedings. For six months the young lady was in limbo, awaiting a court decision. During this period, the gap between Karenina and Vronsky became prohibitively large, and paranoid thoughts haunted her.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/12_GOHq41F.jpg)
The woman suggested that Alexei go back to the village, but the officer said that before leaving he needed to go to his mother to resolve important business issues. Anna thought that this trip was a kind of show, and Vronsky’s mother found a reason to bring her son together with Princess Sorokina.
Desperate Karenina rushed after her beloved to the station. There the woman remembered her first meeting with Vronsky and realized how difficult her situation was. To atone for sins and untie everyone's hands, Anna threw herself under the train. Alexei was grieving the loss and, in order to escape from painful thoughts, volunteered to go to war, leaving the child to be raised by Alexei Karenin.
It is worth noting that throughout the novel the author also develops storyline Levin and Kitty, who eventually got married and had a child, showing the reader, using the example of the love story of these heroes, what an exemplary family should look like in his mind.
Image
The novel “Anna Karenina” was written after the fifth volume of the works of Tolstoy, whom the writer considered his mentor, fell into the hands of Tolstoy. There, the creator’s gaze stopped on the line “The guests were going to the dacha...”, after which images, faces, events and names began to chaotically appear in the prose writer’s imagination, which, after being transferred to paper, made up the draft version of “Anna Karenina.”
![](https://i1.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/05_2Adh9cM.jpg)
It is worth noting that Pushkin’s collisions of duty and passion were extremely close to Lev Nikolaevich, which is why the main character in the drafts was called Tatyana, and her surprisingly thoroughbred external features were copied from the daughter of the literary prophet, Maria.
Anna is a character who combines the character traits and behavioral characteristics of Tolstoy’s acquaintances and friends. An intelligent, winsome, freedom-loving woman, she did not know how to be a hypocrite and did not tolerate falsehood in others. In her desperate desire to surrender to her feelings there was “something cruel, alien, demonic.”
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Diving into the pool of amorous passions and forgetting about her husband and son, Anna turned from a respectable young lady into a person who lives only your own desires. The heroine became indifferent to the suffering of her husband, who was ready to forgive her everything. In the finale of Karenin’s work, from a woman who gives herself completely to her beloved man, she turned into a tyrant demanding unconditional obedience and limitless attention.
It is known that before starting work on the novel, Lev Nikolaevich learned about the tragedy in the family of close friends. At that time, divorce was not accepted. Such an action led to censure and condemnation from the public. However, Tolstov’s friend’s sister divorced without remorse and remarried a couple of months later.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/07_h7xkzge.jpg)
Then another misfortune happened: Anna Stepanovna Pirogova threw herself under the train, abandoned by her lover, Lev Nikolaevich’s neighbor. The Creator saw the mutilated corpse of a woman, and this event affected him indelible impression. Now all biographers agree that these family dramas served as material for creating characters and the novel as a whole.
Actors
The first actress to play the role of Anna Karenina was Sorochtina. This artist played in a silent film that was released back in 1911. The picture was divided into two parts, the timing of which was 15 minutes. Unfortunately, the film adaptation, shot by the French director Maurice Maitre, who was invited to Russia, was lost.
In 1912, the image of a married noblewoman was taken on by the French silent film star Jeanne Delvair, and two years later the Russian director Vladimir Gardin re-filmed scandalous romance Tolstoy, inviting actress Maria Germanova to play the main role.
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Representatives of the film industry from the States were also interested in the masterpiece of world literature, and in 1915, actress Betty Nansen became the first American Karenina. This was followed by three more European film adaptations of the work: 1917 - Italy, the role of Anna was played by Fabian Fabre; 1918 – Hungary, the role of Karenina went to Irene Varsanyi; 1919 – Germany, Lia Mara reincarnated as Anna.
Director Edmund Goulding, in 1927, became the last to release a silent film based on the work of Leo Tolstoy. His film was called “Love”, and John Gilbert also played the role of the main characters.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/04_ZIdaTkG.jpg)
In 1934, viewers heard heart-tugging dialogues between Vronsky and Anna in the French film adaptation of the novel starring Rita Waterhouse. leading role. At one time, this film adaptation did not cause delight among viewers, and later the film was completely lost, so film fans consider the film by Clarence Brown to be the first film adaptation of Anna Karenina with sound.
Filming lasted two months, and the director again called Greta Garbo to play the role of the main character. It is worth noting that the actress’s fee was $275 thousand with a film budget of $1.25 million.
![](https://i1.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/01_HAwV3pK.jpg)
At the turn of the 50s and 60s, the novel was filmed in Great Britain, Brazil and even Argentina. The most successful adaptation was created in Great Britain. In the film, shot by Rudolph Cartier in three days, Anna was played by Claire Bloom, and Vronsky was played by a young man.
![](https://i1.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/02_wTrt2wl.jpg)
Alexander Zarkhi showed the world Karenin in color in 1967. During the making of the film, the director was advised to cast the main character recognized beauties Soviet cinema. As a result, Alexander opted for, which, thanks to its colorful appearance, added mystery to Tolstoy’s character. It is noteworthy that the role of Vronsky in the film went to ex-husband Samoilova - actor.
In 1974, two Anna Karenins were released at once. The first is an Italian series with Lea Massari in the role of Anna, which the viewer remembers only for the costumes of the characters, which were created by the well-known designer. The second film - a musical with a ballerina in the image of Karenina - was filmed in the USSR.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/01_MO5ZUCT.jpg)
Then interest in the novel dropped significantly. In the period from 1977 to 1997, only three actresses played the role of Karenina: Nicola Paget, and. Bisset's on-screen lover was an actor known to film fans for his role as Superman - , - and Sophie Marceau kept company future star"The Lord of the Rings" and "Game of Thrones" - .
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/25/NJYPo5YTRNhIL7RB3SQbrB38XdA.jpg)
In 2000, the star of "Harry Potter" - Helen McCrory - reincarnated as Anna Karenina in the British series, and in 2009, he filmed his vision of the novel, inviting him to the main roles.
2012 was marked by the release of a Hollywood film adaptation directed by Joe Wright and starring the film. Five years later (in April 2017) he presented to the audience his vision of the novel - the series “Anna Karenina” with, and starring.
It is worth noting that disputes about who was best actress, and who most accurately conveyed the character of the main character of Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, do not subside to this day.
Movies
Everyone knows that, along with the novel “War and Peace,” the second large-scale work of the writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, which made his name immortal, is “Anna Karenina.”
Representatives of the film industry first filmed this masterpiece of world literature in 1910, and today the list of films based on the love story of a married lady Anna Karenina and the brave officer Alexei Vronsky numbers in the dozens (including silent films). So, the films in order:
![](https://i0.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/02_KPedGz3.jpg)
Silent movie:
- 1910 – “Anna Karenina” (German Empire)
- 1911 – “Anna Karenina” (Russian Empire)
- 1912 – “Anna Karenina” (France)
- 1914 – “Anna Karenina” (Russian Empire)
- 1915 – “Anna Karenina” (USA)
- 1917 – “Anna Karenina” (Italy)
- 1919 – “Anna Karenina” (Germany)
- 1927 – “Love” (USA)
Talkies:
- 1934 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Rita Waterhouse)
- 1935 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Greta Garbo)
- 1948 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Vivien Leigh)
- 1953 – “Anna Karenina” (television play, in the role of Anna – Alla Tarasova)
- 1958 – “Forbidden Love” (as Anna – Zulli Moreno)
- 1960 – “River of Love” (as Anna – Faten Hamama)
- 1961 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Claire Bloom)
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/08_hCIL8sG.jpg)
- 1967 – “Anna Karenina” (in the role of Anna – Tatyana Samoilova)
- 1970 – “Anna Karenina” (TV series, in the role of Anna – Margarita Balboa)
- 1974 – “Anna Karenina” (TV series, in the role of Anna – Lea Massari)
- 1974 – “Anna Karenina” (film-ballet, in the role of Anna – Maya Plisetskaya)
- 1975 – “The Passion of Anna Karenina” (film-ballet, in the role of Anna – Lyudmila Cherina)
- 1977 – “Anna Karenina” (TV series, in the role of Anna – Nicola Paget)
- 1975 – “Anna Karenina” (in the role of Anna – Maria Silva)
- 1985 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Jacqueline Bisset)
- 1995 – “Big Fire” (1995) (mini-series, in the role of Anna – Carol Alt)
- 1997 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Sophie Marceau)
- 2000 – “Anna Karenina” (TV series, in the role of Anna – Helen McCrory)
- 2009 – “Anna Karenina” (TV series, in the role of Anna – Tatyana Drubich)
- 2012 – “Anna Karenina” (as Anna – Keira Knightley)
- 2017 – “Anna Karenina. The Story of Vronsky" (in the role of Anna - Elizaveta Boyarskaya)
Theater and musicals
It is worth noting that, in addition to film adaptations, the plot of the novel “Anna Karenina” was repeatedly taken as a basis in theatrical performances and musicals.
So, in 2012, at the end of the anniversary season at the Theater named after the author of the play “The Shore of Women” - Angelika Kholina - the choreographic performance “Anna Karenina” to the music of the composer was presented to the sophisticated public.
The main roles in the production, reflecting the drama of the novel in the body language of the artists and atmospheric musical accompaniment, went to actors Dmitry Solomykin and Olga Lerman. In 2017, the performance, which is in demand among viewers, is still available for viewing by viewers of the Vakhtangov Theater.
![](https://i0.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/10_0Rat0IH.jpg)
In 2014, the ballet Anna Karenina by German choreographer Christian Spuck premiered at the Zurich Opera House. It is known that the production took two years to prepare. The main difficulty was choosing the musical accompaniment.
According to Shpuk, he wanted the compositions to reflect the feeling of loneliness that gradually engulfs the main character. As a result, Christian chose the scores of Sulkhan Tsintsadze, Joseph Bardanashvili, and Witold Lutoslawski.
In 2016, Russian viewers had the opportunity to enjoy a classic work of literature, staged in a Western European way. Shpuk brought his creation to Moscow to the Nemirovich-Danchenko Musical Theater to demonstrate to fans high art his vision of Anna Karenina.
![](https://i2.wp.com/24smi.org/public/media/2017/10/24/11_Nl8kmFM.jpg)
In a conversation with media representatives, Christian said that when working with members of the troupe, he tried, first of all, to remove the ballet pathos inherent in the dancers. Shpuk wanted the artists not to act, but to live the lives of the characters. That is why in ballet every movement, right down to the turn of the head, reflects the emotional experiences of both the main and secondary characters.
Also in 2016, the premiere of the musical “Anna Karenina” took place on the stage of the Moscow Operetta, the origins of which were people who had previously staged musicals, using incredible success among the public - “Count Orlov” (2012) and “Monte Cristo” (2008).
Anyone can visit the production in 2017, feast their eyes on the beautifully constructed scenery, and also experience the subtle psychologism and emotional depth of Leo Tolstoy’s great novel.
Anna Arkadyevna Karenina- character in L. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina”
Plunging into the atmosphere of the novel “Anna Karenina” by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the reader involuntarily thinks about difficult fate women, the meaning of her life and the role of love. Characteristic.
The main character of the novel is Anna Karenina appears before us as a secular young woman with a very attractive appearance. She is open, friendly, cheerful. Anna is devoid of all this pretense inherent in society ladies of that time, she is a wonderful mother and loving wife. To those around her, her family seems exemplary. But only Anna knows that behind the ostentatious gloss hides falsehood and pretense. The spouses are not connected by love at all, but only by mutual respect.
Painting by Kramskoy. Prototype of Karenina
Meeting with fresh wind changes burst into the life of the main character of the novel. She is fascinated by a surging feeling that she is unable to resist. Anna begins to experience a thirst for life and a need for love. In the end, this passion takes over her completely. At the same time, Anna experiences painful remorse and feels like a traitor. Karenin’s behavior aggravates her condition; he generously forgives the traitor and tries to save the marriage. Anna's feelings for her husband turn from indifference into hatred.
Leaving her husband does not bring Anna Karenina the long-awaited peace of mind. No one and nothing can save Anna from painful thoughts. Her heart ceased to rejoice at both her little daughter and her beloved Vronsky. She is disappointed that her love could not overcome the trials that befell her. The woman begins to blame Vronsky for her troubles:
“My love...everything is becoming more passionate and selfish, but his everything is extinguished and extinguished, and that’s why we disagree, and this cannot be helped.”
The situation is aggravated by the fact that Anna is forced to be separated from own son. The heroine begins to feel unhappy, and excessive use of morphine completely aggravates her condition. Anna is tired of feeling guilty and doomed; the heroine is increasingly visited by thoughts of death. Karenina's life collapses in a fit of sincere, truthful and real feelings.
The novel is based on traditional concept about the morality of women. The novel clearly shows one of the main themes of Tolstoy’s work - the alienation of the world from man. Anna Karenina's love for Vronsky was under the powerful influence of public censure. Insincerity and disunity in the family have become main reason tragedy that happened to this attractive and sincere woman.
Lev Nikolaevich, being a subtle psychologist, in his novel avoids unambiguous characteristics of the heroes and their actions. This allows the reader to evaluate the situation in which Anna Karenina found herself, independently, relying on her own value system and ideas about “bad” and “good.” The author leaves the answer to the question: “Who is to blame for the death of Anna Karenina?” However, he brings the reader to the realization that the main cause of personality destruction is a disorder of mental balance and moral destruction.
Anna Karenina, a character who will have its prototypes at all times. IN modern society There are many women who are forced to fight for their love, enter into confrontation with society and contradict themselves. Cinematic and theatrical performances present to us the image of Anna Karenina, through the prism of their own vision.
The death of the heroine can be viewed as mental weakness, or it can be assessed on the contrary, as strength of character. Depth of feelings, integrity of character and topicality of the eternal human problems come to the fore in the novel and are realized in the image of Anna Karenina.
Actresses who played Karenina:
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![](https://i2.wp.com/Geekhero.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/660x427_Quality100_670x434_Quality100_kinopoisk.ru-Anna-Karenina-1659061-e1454002949317.jpg)
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