The river Tsna flows. The shining river Tsna: a brief description of the water body
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
price
a river in the center of the European part of Russia, a left tributary of the Moksha (basin of the Oka). 451 km, basin area 21.5 thousand km2. The average water flow in the middle reaches is 46 m3/s. On Tsna - small hydroelectric power stations; cities of Tambov, Morshansk, etc.
Tsna (tributary of Moksha)
The length of the river is 66 km, the area of its drainage basin is 609 km², the average annual water flow at the mouth is 4.1 m³/s, the average slope of the river is 0.6 m/km.
The river begins at the village of Litvichi, Logoisky district, near the border with the Vitebsk region. The source of the Tsna is located on the global watershed of the Black and Baltic seas; the Lonva (a tributary of the Viliya) originates nearby. The general direction of the current is southeast, then south. Most of the river's flow passes through the Logoisk district, in the middle reaches the Tsna forms its border with the Borisov region, and the final kilometers of the flow pass through the Smolevichi region. In the upper reaches before the confluence of the Vasilchanka it is also called Krasnaya.
The river's catchment area is located in the northern part of the Minsk Upland. The valley is trapezoidal in shape, featureless in places. The width of the valley is 1-2 km, in some places up to 3.5 km. The slopes of the valley are gentle, ranging in height from 3-4 m in the upper reaches to 30 m in the lower reaches. The riverbed is canalized along its entire length, with the exception of 14 km from the source and 2 km from the mouth. The river is used as a water intake for reclamation systems.
The main tributaries are Vasilchanka and Pyadon.
The river flows through the villages and villages of Prusevichi, Glebovshchina, Torosino, Dalkovichi, Guba, Stoetskiye, Lipki, Tsna, Takovshchina, Mostishche, Zaberezovka.
It flows into the Gaina near the village of Sutoki. The width of the river at the mouth is 20 m, the flow speed is 0.3 m/s.
Examples of the use of the word price in literature.
Ryazan, from Kolomna up the Oka, on the Moscow side: New town, Luzha, Vereya, Borovsk - and all other places on the left side of the river belong to Moscow, and down the Oka from Kolomna along the river Tsnu and from the mouth of the Tsna up all the places on the Ryazan side - to Ryazan, and on the Moscow side - to Moscow.
I drove into mitten Tambov at night, full of snow, and saw Prices- ordinary river - White-white white-cover.
The middle reaches of the Oka, between Kaluga and Kolomna, the Principality of Moscow bordered on the Grand Principality of Ryazan, and the lower reaches of the Oka, from the mouth Prices, and the flow of the Volga from Nizhny to the mouth of the Sura and Vetluga separated it from the Mordvins and Cheremis, who were under the rule of the Kazan Tatars.
Runs down from its slopes Price, tributary streams and rivers in one direction, Poveda with tributaries in the other.
The Tsna River belongs to the Volga drainage basin. It is the left tributary of Moksha. It flows through the territory of the Tambov and Ryazan regions. The name of the river was given by the Mordovian tribes living in this area since the Great Migration of Peoples. From Finno-Ugric “Tsna” means “brilliant”. The largest settlements on the river are the cities of Morshansk, Kotovsk, Sasovo and Tambov. Tsna begins in the Sampur district from the confluence of two small water streams: Mokraya Vershina and Bely Ples. It has a large number of tributaries: Serp (66 km), Karian (48 km), Lesnoy Tambov (89 km), Chelnovaya (121 km), Kersha (86 km), Kashma (111 km), Bolshoy Lomovis (106 km), Maly Lomovis (66 km), Lipovitsa (52 km) and others. Even before the revolution in 1912, for the first time in the Tambov region, the first hydroelectric power station was built in Tsna (within the boundaries of the provincial city).
Description
The Tsna River on the map permeates the entire territory. It is the largest water artery of Tambovshina. The total length of Tsna is 445 kilometers, with a section of 291 kilometers crossing the regions of the region. The river begins on the southwestern slopes near the village of Bakharevo, at an altitude of 190 meters above sea level. It then flows in a northerly direction, receiving water from various tributaries. The area of the Tsna drainage basin is more than 21 thousand square kilometers. Of these, about 42% are located in the Tambov region. The Tsna River is completely covered with ice by December, which breaks up in the second half of March or early April (depending on weather conditions). ON the left bank there are a huge number of settlements. The right bank is covered with forest, but the massif reaches the river only in some places, since it was completely cut down during the Great Patriotic War. The river is fed by mixed water: precipitation, snowmelt and groundwater. In spring, during the flood period, the Tsna level rises to 5 meters.
Economic importance
The Tsna River is a calm, flat water flow that is regulated by a system of dams. It is navigable only in places, from the regional center of the region to the mouth. But only the section from the village of Tensyupino to the place where the Tsna flows into the Moksha is included in the list of waterways of the Russian Federation. Before the revolution, barge haulers pulled barges along it. During the Soviet era, the entire length of the river was used for water communication, vessels of the Zarnitsa type followed it (at present, due to the fact that one of the dams in the Ryazan region collapsed, the river became very shallow. Other sections are of only local importance. Water of Tsna It is used for drinking purposes, to supply populated areas and industrial enterprises, to irrigate fields and generate electrical energy. There are many fish farms along the banks of the river.
Fishing
The Tsna River is very attractive for fishermen. Fishing here lasts all year round. In certain seasons, when the water is quite clear, underwater fishing is relevant. And there is plenty to catch: redfish, chub, silver bream, ruffe, asp, carp, silver crucian carp, bream, rudd, tench, river lamprey, European perch, burbot, gudgeon, pike perch, catfish, bleak and ide. The winter ban lasts from the end of October to the end of April - during this period you cannot place gear in wintering pits. From April 10 to the beginning of May it is forbidden to hunt pike, and from October to the end of June it is prohibited to hunt crayfish. During the period from May 1 to June 10, fishing is allowed only with a bottom or float rod, with no more than two hooks. At any time of the year it is prohibited to catch the following species: podust, lamprey, fisher and bitterling.
Tourism and active recreation
The Tsna River is very relevant for many lovers of hiking and water tourism. Hiking tourists are interested in numerous historical monuments (the estate of Prince Vorontsov-Dashkov, a stud farm with Oryol trotters, Tsninsky Bor with an area of more than 2 thousand square kilometers, numerous churches of the 18th-20th centuries, etc.). There are many architectural monuments in Tambov and Morshansk (Gostiny Dvor, churches, the Lukyanenko mansion, pillars of the Tambov outpost, the Morshansk Local History Museum, which has excellent art departments and galleries). Fans of water tourism are attracted by interesting routes. The Tsna River is very beautiful in all seasons... Photos convey its charm and beauty.
(Oka-Volga basin).
The cities of Kotovsk, Tambov, Morshansk, and Sasovo are located on the river.
It begins in the Sampursky district from the confluence of the Bely Plyos and Mokraya Vershina rivers.
Receives numerous tributaries on the right and left: Karian - length 48 km, Lipovitsa - 52 km, Lesnoy Tambov - 89 km, Chelnovaya 121 km, Kersha with Khmelina - 86 and 49 km, Kashma with Bolshoy and Maly Lomovis - 111, 106, 66 respectively km, Serp - 66 km, etc.
Tambov city and its environs Tsna River
The first small hydroelectric power station in the Tambov region was built within the city of Tambov in 1912.
Widely used for names of cafes, hotels and other objects.
Description
A calm, flat river, heavily regulated by dams, navigable in places from Tambov itself. The list of inland waterways of Russia includes a section from the mouth to the village of Tensyupino with a length of 47 km (2002). The left bank is treeless, heavily populated, but the villages are mostly 1-3 km from the river. Along the right bank there is a strip of forest almost everywhere, but it comes out to the water only in certain places, since it was cut down during the Great Patriotic War.
On the banks of the Tsna River there is a famous Holy Spring in Tambov and nearby regions, located in the village of Tregulyai. In summer, many people come there to drink from the spring or take bath.
The Tsna below Tambov is a winding, calm river, 40-80 m wide, flowing through a wide valley with a large number of creeks, oxbow lakes, and channels where you can go fishing. There are reeds and bushes along the banks. The water is noticeably polluted.
From Tambov to Morshansk there are 5 dams with locks.
The first is in the village of Tambov Forestry (village). The second is near the village of Goreloye. Beyond it the river makes a long loop. Near the village of Troitskaya Dubrava there is a third gateway. Behind the village of Kuleshovo there is an oak forest. The forest approaches the shore and near the village of Perkino.
Below Perkino, the Semikinsky Canal begins, significantly shortening the route along Tsna. In the Tsna floodplain at Perkino, Semikino and below there are labyrinths of oxbow lakes overgrown with reeds. Tsna River
Below the village of Semikino are lakes Lebyazhye and Orekhov Zaton - the largest floodplain lakes on the Tsna River. Below Lake Orekhov Zaton on the high right bank is a natural viewing platform, from where a panorama of the village of Kulevatovo, the floodplain of the Tsna River, and the mouth of the Chelnova River can be seen. The fourth dam is behind the village of Mamontovo, the fifth is in Morshansk.
Below Morshanska Tsna it becomes wider, the current becomes faster, and beaches with fine, sometimes silty, sand appear. The banks are mainly meadow, only near Mutasyevo on the right bank a forest approaches like a wedge, to which a creek leads.
In front of the village of Serpovoye is the sixth dam. Ten kilometers from the dam after the mouth of the Serp tributary, on the right high bank there is a pine forest. Local residents call this tract Serpovsky Utes.
There is a pine forest facing the river in front of Rysla; behind the village there is a floating bridge. There is a dam near the village of Chernitovo. Behind the dam along the banks there are again meadows. The river becomes wide (from 100 to 200 m).
Before the last dam (hydroelectric power station), the river forms a reservoir about 6 km long and 0.5 km wide.
There is also a dam in the area of the villages of Aglomazovo and Tensyupino, where the river overflows for about 1 km. But after the reconstruction, the dam began to collapse year after year, and currently the river has become very shallow.
Below the dam, the Tsna channel narrows to 40-50 m, the current accelerates, sandy rifts and shoals appear. The forest approaches the water in the form of separate islands. During Soviet times, the river was used for navigation along the entire length of the navigable section starting from Tambov. For passenger shipping, hovercraft of the Zarnitsa type were used.
Widely used by tourists for rafting.
Tsna river - Sasovo city
Tributaries (km from mouth]
22 km: Aleshnya River
31 km: Vyalsa River
67 km: Vysha River (Noksa)
74 km: Aza River
98 km: Shacha River
187 km: Kashma River
200 km: Piterka River
222 km: Kersha River
246 km: Chelnovaya River
365 km: Lesnoy Tambov River
375 km: Lipovitsa River
381 km: river without name, near the village. Vorontsovka
386 km: Karian River
406 km: Antyushevka stream
420 km: Osinovka River
425 km: Ponzari River Tsna River
LARGE TRITUTARIES OF THE TsNA RIVER
Lesnoy Tambov is a river in the Tambov region of Russia, a right tributary of the Tsna (Volga basin).
The length of the river is 89 km.
According to the State Water Register of Russia, it belongs to the Oka Basin District, the water management section of the river is Tsna from the source to the city of Tambov, river. The river basin is Oka.
The city of Rasskazovo is located on the river.
Pechera (74 km), Arzhenka (47 km), Shevyrlyai (31 km), Tsarevka (4 km) - right; Naru-Tambov (5.2 km) - left.
Chelnovaya is a river in the Tambov region of Russia, a left tributary of the Tsna (Volga basin).
It originates in a beam near the village. Neznanovka, Tambov district, then flows through Sosnovsky and Morshansky districts; length 121 km; the current is tortuous; the direction is meridional, from south to north, near Sosnovka it turns sharply to the east and for the last 40 km it flows in this latter direction.
The shores of Chelnova are densely populated. Not navigable.
Tributaries (distance from mouth):
Gryaznushka (16.8 km), Lamochka (35 km), Izovka (52 km), Gryaznushka (56 km), Kriusha (106 km), Dvoinya (115 km) - left; Pishlyayka (17.1 km), Sourava (72 km) - right.
Lipovitsa is a river in the Tambov region of Russia, a left tributary of the Tsna (Volga basin).
The Lipovitsa River is formed by the confluence of the Bolshaya Lipovitsa and Sukhaya Lipovitsa rivers. In some sources, Sukha Lipovitsa or Bolshaya Lipovitsa can be considered as the upper reaches of Lipovitsa.
The river flows in a southeast direction. The mouth of the river is located 375 km along the left bank of the Tsna River.
The length of the river is 11 km (52 km from the source of Bolshaya Lipovitsa and 52 km from the source of Sukha Lipovitsa).
Tsna river near Morshansk
Karian is a river in Russia, flowing in the Tambov region. Left tributary of the Tsna.
The river originates in the village of Filimonovka, Tokarevsky district. Flows north through open areas. Near the village of Aleksandrovka it receives the waters of its right tributary, the Klyuch River. The mouth of the river is located near the village of Znamenka, 386 km along the left bank of the Tsna River. The length of the river is 48 km.
According to the state water register of Russia, it belongs to the Oka basin district, the water management section of the river is Tsna from the source to the city of Tambov, the river basin is Oka.
According to the geoinformation system for water management zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation, prepared by the Federal Agency for Water Resources:
The code of the water body in the state water register is 09010200212110000028731
Code for hydrological knowledge (HI) - 110002873
Pool code - 09.01.02.002
Volume number according to GI - 10
Issue according to GI - 0
Tributaries (km from mouth]
2 km: Shebolda stream
20 km: river without name, near the village. Alexandrovki River Tsna
Kersha is a river in the Tambov region of Russia, the right tributary of the Tsna (Volga basin).
It is formed by the confluence of the Dalnyaya Kersha and Nizhnyaya Kersha rivers. The length of the river is 53 km (86 km including Near Kersha).
The Kershi Valley opens with a majestic panorama, consisting of steep banks, wide water meadows and the river itself, narrow, meandering like a snake, carrying its purple waters towards the Arable Corner, to the east. In some places the banks of the river were so steep that Kersha seemed like a mountain river rustling at the bottom of a deep gorge. We approached the edge of the steep bank and cautiously looked down, where the water flow was seething and swirling.
In Pakhotny Uglu, the Kersha is a fairly shallow river, 10-15 m wide, flows in a deep ravine and forms a waterfall about 2 m high. From Pakhotny Uglu to the village of Krivopolyanya, the flow is average, there are many small sections, along the river there are trees and shrubs. In front of Krivopole, under the cliff on the right bank, there is a spring with good water.
After Krivopolyanya the current is fast, the channel is very winding, narrow and deep enough for a kayak. Near the village of Fedorovskoye, on the high right bank, a forest begins. Further to the very mouth of the Kersh it flows through the forest; The floodplain is swampy and there are few places to stay overnight. Beyond Fedorovsky, the river winds strongly, and there are constantly forest rubbles, which take a lot of time and effort to overcome. The river has this character for about 15 km, after which Kersha expands to 30 - 50 m - the Steklyanny Reach begins.
Behind it, the river narrows again, winds strongly, but there are no blockages. 5 - 7 km from the reach on the high left bank there is a cordon called Ugol. After the cordon, the Kersha flows through a swamp; The channel is 5 - 7 m wide, the current is fast, there are few turns, it resembles a canal. 3 km after the cordon, the river widens sharply, and the Khmelina River flows into it from the left, on the bank of which, 200 m from the mouth, is the Prokudinskie Mosty cordon. After merging with Khmelina, the character of Kersha changes dramatically: the river is wide - 20 - 30 m, the current is weak, there are no blockages. The floodplain is swampy. Only in three places does dry pine forest approach the left bank. Reaches are common.
In the future, the character of the river is constant. Approximately 25 km from the mouth of the Khmelina, on the left bank, the structure of the Vyunsky forestry appears - the Borkovsky cordon and the village of Kershinsky Borki. After 1.5 - 2 km there is a bridge. Soon the river expands sharply, forming a huge backwater, dammed by dams, through which Kersha flows into Tsna. At the mouth of the Kersha there is a camp site for the Morshansky locomotive depot.
In the Tsna basin there is the largest forest area in the central black earth district, its total area is 210 thousand hectares, which is 73% of the region’s forest area. In the Tsninsky forest, it is possible to organize a reserve in the lower reaches of the Kersha and Khmelina rivers, a national park in the Tsna floodplain (“Ivensky Razlivy”) with an adjacent forest area in the Sokolnicheskoye forestry of the Morshansky district, a natural park in the valley of the Tsna river from the city of Kotovsk to the village of Perkino. The river is home to the fast grass (Alburnoides bipunctatus), listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as a declining species.
Until the 1990s, there was a decline in numbers in the rivers of the European part of Russia. Similar trends were also observed in all European countries. However, over the past 10-15 years, due to a decrease in anthropogenic pressure on river ecosystems, there has been an increase in the number of this species and an increase in its findings in rivers.
Tsna River near Morshansk
Tributaries
Tributaries (distance from the mouth): Khmelina (13 km), Dalnyaya Kersha (53 km) - left; Kazychka (48 km), Nizhnyaya Kersha (53 km) - right.
Etymology
In the name of Kersh, the root “ker” is apparently connected with the form “ker’” preserved in the Ryazan region, which means “village”. The ending "sha" of words of Mordovian origin means "river" or "water".
Also, the Mordovian-Erzya “kersh” means left.
Serp (Vobsha) is a river in the Tambov region of Russia, a left tributary of the Tsna (Volga basin).
The mouth of the river is located 160 km along the left bank of the Tsna River. The length of the river is 66 km.
Before the confluence of the Razazovka River, 19 km from the mouth it is called Vobsha.
Tributaries (from the mouth): Razazovka (19 km), Kuneva (45 km) - right. Tsna River
LOCATION OF THE RIVER TsNA
Tsna is a left tributary, a calm lowland river, heavily regulated by dams, navigable all the way to Tambov. The left bank is treeless, heavily populated, but the villages are mostly 1-3 km from the river. Along the right bank there is a strip of forest almost everywhere, but it comes out to the water only in certain places.
Length of route sections:
Tambov—Morshansk—145 km,
Morshansk—Sasovo—190 km.
The journey around Tsna begins from Tambov, a large industrial and cultural center of the country. The city was founded in 1636 as a fortress on the abatis line. In Tambov you can visit the local history museum, art gallery, see the Gostiny Dvor building (18th century), and the Lukyanenko mansion (1815), built in the Empire style. During the Great Patriotic War, residents of the Tambov region initiated the collection of funds to assist the front. The monument-tank “Tambov Collective Farmer” reminds of this initiative.
The Tsna below Tambov is a winding, calm river, 40-80 m wide, flowing through a wide valley with a large number of creeks, oxbow lakes, and channels where you can go fishing. There are reeds and bushes along the banks. The water is noticeably polluted. When passing a tug with a barge, you must be careful: the barge can push you to the shore.
Tambov - flood on the Tsna River
From Tambov to Morshansk there are 4 dams with locks. The first of them is 40 km from Tambov. Beyond it the river makes a long loop. Near the village of Troitskaya Dubrava there is a second lock (the drift is along the left bank). Behind the village of Kuleshovo in the oak forest is a good place for a camp. The forest approaches the shore and near the village of Perkino.
Below Perkino, the Semikinsky Canal begins, significantly shortening the route along Tsna. In the Tsna floodplain at Perkino, Semikino and below there are labyrinths of oxbow lakes overgrown with reeds.
The third dam is behind the village of Mamontovo, the fourth is in Morshansk (the runoff is on the right side).
In Morshansk you can interrupt your trip or sail further. The city has a local history museum (it has a good art department), among the attractions is the Trinity Cathedral (mid-19th century), and the pillars of the Tambov outpost.
Below Morshanska Tsna it becomes wider, the current becomes faster, and beaches with fine, sometimes silty, sand appear. The banks are mainly meadow, only near Mutasyevo on the right bank a forest approaches like a wedge, to which a creek leads. In front of the village of Serpovo is the fifth dam. You can go around it along the old channel (it approaches the canal itself about a hundred meters in front of the lock). Two hours away from the dam on the right high bank there is a pine forest. There is a pine forest overlooking the river in front of Rysla; behind the village there is a floating bridge. There is a dam near the village of Chenitov, the diversion is inconvenient, it is better to use a sluice. Behind the dam along the banks there are again meadows. The river becomes wide (from 100 to 200 m).
Before the last dam, the river forms a reservoir about 6 km long and 0.5 km wide (the drift is on the left side near the hydroelectric power station building).
Below the dam, the Tsna channel narrows to 40-50 m, the current accelerates, sandy rifts and shoals appear. The forest approaches the water in the form of separate islands, so a place for a bivouac must be chosen in advance.
The trip around Tsna usually ends in Sasovo. The boats are being dismantled on the left bank in front of the railway bridge. From the river to the station it is about 1 km.
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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Tsna // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Tsna (river in the Tambov and Ryazan regions) - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Tsna in the Dictionary of Modern Geographical Names
State Water Register of the Russian Federation: Tsna.
http://www.skitalets.ru/books/korobkov_miheev/18_tsna.htm
Geographical and local history auto expedition "TsNA-2012"
Tambov, Tsna River Embankment on the Yandex.Panorama service.
http://tambovia.ru/reka_tsna.html
http://lipfish.ucoz.ru/
The Tsna is the left tributary of the Moksha, a calm lowland river, heavily regulated by dams, navigable all the way to Tambov. The left bank is treeless, heavily populated, but the villages are mostly 1-3 km from the river. Along the right bank there is a strip of forest almost everywhere, but it comes out to the water only in certain places. Length of route sections: Tambov—Morshansk—145 km, Morshansk—Sasovo—190 km.
The journey around Tsna begins from Tambov, a large industrial and cultural center of the country. The city was founded in 1636 as a fortress on the abatis line. In Tambov you can visit the local history museum, art gallery, see the Gostiny Dvor building (18th century), and the Lukyanenko mansion (1815), built in the Empire style. During the Great Patriotic War, residents of the Tambov region initiated the collection of funds to assist the front. The monument-tank “Tambov Collective Farmer” reminds of this initiative.
The Tsna below Tambov is a winding, calm river, 40-80 m wide, flowing through a wide valley with a large number of creeks, oxbow lakes, and channels where you can go fishing. There are reeds and bushes along the banks. The water is noticeably polluted. When passing a tug with a barge, you must be careful: the barge can push you to the shore.
From Tambov to Morshansk there are 4 dams with locks. The first of them is 40 km from Tambov. Beyond it the river makes a long loop. Near the village of Troitskaya Dubrava there is a second lock (the drift is along the left bank). Behind the village of Kuleshovo in the oak forest is a good place for a camp. The forest approaches the shore near the village of Perkino. Below Perkino, the Semikinsky Canal begins, significantly shortening the route along Tsna. In the Tsna floodplain near Perkino, Semikino and below there are labyrinths of oxbow lakes overgrown with reeds. The third dam is behind the village of Mamontovo, the fourth is in Morshansk (the outskirts are on the right side).
In Morshansk you can interrupt your trip or sail further. The city has a local history museum (it has a good art department), among the attractions is the Trinity Cathedral (mid-19th century), and the pillars of the Tambov outpost.
Below Morshanska Tsna it becomes wider, the current becomes faster, and beaches with fine, sometimes silty, sand appear. The banks are mainly meadow, only near Mutasyevo on the right bank a forest approaches like a wedge, to which a creek leads. In front of the village of Serpovo is the fifth dam. You can go around it along the old channel (it approaches the canal itself about a hundred meters in front of the lock). Two hours' drive from the dam on the right high bank is a pine forest. There is a pine forest facing the river in front of Rysla; behind the village there is a floating bridge. There is a dam near the village of Chenitov, the diversion is inconvenient, it is better to use a sluice. Behind the dam along the banks there are again meadows. The river becomes wide (from 100 to 200 m). Before the last dam, the river forms a reservoir about 6 km long and 0.5 km wide (the runoff is on the left side at the hydroelectric power station building). Below the dam, the Tsna channel narrows to 40-50 m, the current accelerates, sandy rifts and shoals appear. The forest approaches the water in the form of separate islands, so a place for a bivouac must be chosen in advance. The trip around Tsna usually ends in Sasovo. The boats are being dismantled on the left bank in front of the railway bridge. From the river to the station it is about 1 km.
An individual approach in compliance with the methodological recommendations of your university and the requirements of teachers.The largest river in Tambov and the entire Tambov region was and is the Tsna. Tsna is a left tributary of the Moksha, a tributary of the Oka. The Tsna is the longest river in the Tambov region. Within the Tambov region it has a length of 291 kilometers. The total distance to the mouth is 451 kilometers. The area of the Tsna basin is 21,500 square kilometers. The river originates in the southern part of the Tambov region, in the Sampursky district. It is formed by two small streams fed by springs. One starts near the village of Verkhnetsenye, the second - in a ravine near the village of Bakharevo. The Tsna flows north along the Oka-Don Plain. The river valley is straight in places, its slopes are high. The river floodplain is 2-10 kilometers.
The Tsna is a typical slow-flowing lowland river with a slight bed slope. In the Tambov region it flows in the Sampursky, Tambovsky, Morshansky districts. In our region, the Tsna receives more than 20 tributaries. The most significant of them are: Chelnovaya (flows from the left), Kashma and Kersha (right tributaries). Tsna feeds mainly on atmospheric waters. It receives the largest amount of water from precipitation accumulating during the winter. Groundwater also flows into the river throughout the year. In the spring, as a result of snow melting, the level of the Tsna rises by 3-5 meters compared to the summer low water level (the lowest water level). The flood begins in April - early May. The average water flow 139 kilometers from the mouth is 46 cubic meters / sec The river freezes in November-December, in the upper reaches sometimes even in January, and opens up in late March and early April.
The origin of the river's name is still unclear and gives rise to many versions. V.A. Nikonov cites 8 rivers with this name and gives two interpretations by A.I. Sobolevsky: from a supposed Slavic base, “toson-narrow,” or from an Old Russian word meaning “quiet.” Some toponymists associate the name of the river with the ancient Slavic “dosna-tesna-tsna”, which means “right”. But this is not very convincing, since the Tsna is a left tributary, not a right one. Moreover, all rivers bearing a similar name are left (and not right!) tributaries. There is also an opinion that the name “Tsna” comes from the Finno-Ugric stem “tina” - “silt”. The desire to find out the origin of this hydronym gave rise to various kinds of legends. One of them was told by a resident of the Sampur district V.P. Nesterova: “During the time of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, one of the nomads, having tasted the water from the river, admiringly said: “tsa-a-a” - “very tasty water.” And this exclamation became fixed as the name of the river. M.I. Dolzhenkova writes that “Tsna” translated from Mordovian means “tasty water.” A. Golovashin writes: “There is no doubt that enterprising Novgorodians visited our region, rich in furs, honey and wax, long before the campaign to the Golden Horde. And the river Tsna, in my opinion, got its name from the Novgorod word “Tsern” - “black”. It is no coincidence that its namesake flows in the Novgorod region, flowing into Lake Mstino, and from it into the glorious Ilmen Lake. Famous Russian linguist A.A. Potebnya believed that most river names answer the question: what kind of water? The impression of the blackness of the waters of many of our rivers arose due to the thick shadow falling on them from the deciduous forests growing along the banks.
Our Tsna has not a high right bank, as required by Baer’s law, but a left bank. Baer's Law: “The right bank is high. The earth rotates from west to east. The bank is constantly moving towards the river, the water, by inertia, hits it and washes away. And from the left bank the river constantly retreats, the bank from under it goes east. Silt and sand settle. Therefore, there remains a lowland here. A floodplain is formed. The same phenomenon as in the Foucault pendulum.”
It may be objected that the main channel of the Tsna flows near the Suburban Forest, but there the right bank is still slightly higher than the left. This is true, but so far no one can convincingly explain the origin of the left bank cliff 12-14 meters high, on which stands not only Tambov, but also a whole chain of villages located before the confluence with the Tsna Chelnova: Donskoye, Tatanovo, Chernyanoye, Malinovka, Troitskaya Dubrava, Perkino, Semikino, Kulevatovo. From below, this hill, or, as geographers say, a terrace, is composed of ancient sandstones, covered by 2-4 meters with alluvial loams, which make up the top layer of soil in this area.
The reasons for such “disobedience” of the river are not yet very clear. There is a fairly strong opinion that the Pra-Tsna once flowed in our area, the volume of drainage of which was many times higher than that of the river of today. But the theory does not go further than these generally undoubted data, because in order to satisfactorily explain Tsna’s whim, it must be assumed that in some prehistoric times the river flowed... in the opposite direction.
At the time of the founding of Tambov (1636), the Tsna was very full of water. Its waters did not fit in one channel, and from the fork, which later became the beginning of Teplaya Street (that was the name of a section of the river that was almost never blown by the wind), it flowed along two beds, the channel that passed near the city itself was called Erik, and the other, near the forest, was known under the name Korennaya.
The fortifications of Tambov were located on the cape formed by the confluence of Studenets and Erik. In the southern part, the Periksa River (now Zhigalka) flowed into Erik, and in the northern part - Studenets, below it - the Chumarsa River. All of them brought a huge amount of sand and silt to Tsna and covered its bed. Over time, the Tsna became less and less full-flowing and it became increasingly difficult for it to erode its bed under the city. Every year Erik grew weaker and swamped.
When G.R. Derzhavin's governor (1786-1788) began researching the Tsna River for its navigation. To do this, the banks of the river from Tambov to Morshansk were examined in order to create gateways for transporting timber to the city. The materials of this survey were transferred to the engineering commission, but no decision was made, and later the war with Turkey began (1787-1791) and there was no money in the state treasury for this work. But another project of Derzhavin, concerning the regulation of the flow of the Tsna River near Tambov, was implemented. Derzhavin planned to build a dam along the right bank of the river (Erik) to prevent water from flowing from it to Tsnu-Korennaya in the spring. This was done shortly after Derzhavin’s departure by engineer Soimonov.
After the War of 1812, the city began cleaning up the river. The work was carried out under the walls of the city under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Janisch and Lieutenant Somov in 1818 by captured Frenchmen. As a result of these works, by 1824 a pool of clean water measuring 60 fathoms was created on Erika. The depth was 8 fathoms.
In 1886, the merchant Sukhanov built a large water mill on Erik (on the site of a hydroelectric station), and to make the river bed more full-flowing, it was decided to build a dam that would prevent water from leaving Erik. This work was carried out by captured Turks.
There is an opinion that the canal of the Tsna River near the city is artificial, that is, dug by people. A.A. Kozlov wrote in his article “A Canal or a River Bed”: “It is clear that no one dug a special canal as such, the swampy riverbed of Erik was simply restored. It’s hard to say when it was called a channel.”
Tsna was a favorite vacation spot for the townspeople. There were always a lot of yawls and punts on the river. Those who wished could take a boat with two rowers. Two boats with kerosene engines and two motor boats with gasoline regularly went beyond the railway bridge across the Tsna (Moscow-Saratov) to the Tregulyaevsky Monastery.
Many people went by boat up the Tsna to the island of Eldorado. In one of the memoirs it is written: “Our boat meandered between green islands, wandered into backwaters and creeks, scared away dragonflies in the untouched Duck Lake. Kolya said that mermaids and fairies live in it. The pristine nature of sweet Tsna was our home.” In another memoir we read: “There were many boats along Tsna, and in them were ladies under umbrellas. The umbrellas are multi-colored, as if flowers are floating on water. Eldorado is all overgrown with bird cherry trees, the bees are buzzing, the sun is shining.”
In those places where Tambov now lies, there was a forest. Not chopped down for centuries, it was teeming with animals and birds, and there were few people in it. Only here and there on the hills did the Mordovians live - not in large villages, but in small, lonely farmsteads. And in the place where Tambov was later built, a Mordvin named Urlap lived. Therefore, this place was named Urlapovo settlement.
In the place where Tambov now stands, there lived a Mordvin named Urlap, and he had a daughter, the beautiful Tsna. Urlap was a hunter and beekeeper, and his wife, in addition to farming, was engaged in witchcraft. But with her witchcraft, she did not do harm to people, but, on the contrary, treated them for various diseases. Before her death, her mother taught Tsna witchcraft, passed on secret knowledge and asked her to use it only for good. After the death of her parents, Tsna began to live alone. Good fame spread about her among the local residents: she treated people from various diseases, warded off hail clouds, and introduced fish and game to hunters. The girl lived well, but sometimes she felt lonely without a loved one. And fate seemed to hear her sadness and send her what her heart was sad about.
Not far from the Urlapov settlement lived a young hunter Sampor. Handsome and brave, he became famous as the winner of many bears. One day Sampor entered into a battle with a bear, but this time he could not defeat the forest king. The comrades found the wounded hunter and brought him to the young sorceress Tsna for treatment. Love burned in the hearts of the young people. When Sampor recovered, Tsna became his wife and moved into his home.
One day Sampor returned from hunting in the distant forests and told his wife that he had seen a huge army of Tatars, who promised great wealth to the one who would lead them through the forest, and they promised not to rob or kill the Mordovians. And Sampor decided to show them the way. For a long time Tsna tried to persuade her husband not to do this, but he did not listen to his wife and went to the Tatars. Tsna thought for a long time: what to do? She went to her mother's grave for advice. Mother advised Tsna to blind Sampor. But a loving woman could not destroy her husband, and, at the same time, she did not want trouble to come to her native land. Tsna's grief was inconsolable. She cried for a long time, so long that she melted in tears and turned into a bright source, from which a quiet stream ran, the stream turned into a river, which flowed in a mighty stream. But there was an air of sadness and sadness from that river, and the sound of its waves was not cheerful.
And Sampor led the Tatars through the forest and received rich gifts for this. Returning home, he did not find his wife there, and not far from the house he saw a river that had not been there before. In the conversation of the river waves, Sampor recognized his wife’s voice: Tsna spoke kind words to him and, at the same time, reproached him for putting wealth above his love for her and his homeland. The young hunter, in despair, threw himself into the waters of Tsna, striving to be with his beloved even after death. From that time on, people called the place where Sampor lived by his name: this is how the village of Sampur began to be called. People say that Tsna did not return the body of the drowned man: it lies for many centuries at the bottom, and the waves kiss his dead lips and whisper words of love and reproach.
In Mordovian folklore there was a slightly different, poetic legend about the brave young hero Sampora and the faithful girl Tsna. When Sampor was delayed on the campaign, Tsna prayed: “Let my beloved return, I will wash his wounds with tears.” They were not destined to meet. Sampur fell in battle, and from the girl’s tears a transparent river was formed, which flows at the foot of the hill on which the village of Sampur is located.