Project folk crafts senior group. Information and creative project for children of the senior group: "Folk Crafts"
Tatiana Rezvan
Project “Folk Crafts of Russia” (senior group)
Project “Folk Crafts of Russia” (senior group)
Project passport
Project type: informational and creative.
Project duration: short-term;
Project participants: children of the older mixed age group, parents of pupils, teachers.
Date: 4th week of January (01/26/2015-01/30/2015)
Objective of the project:
Formation and development of the foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of children through familiarization with folk arts and crafts.
Tasks.
1. Introduce children to types of folk arts and crafts, to the wonderful creations of folk craftsmen of Dymkovo toys, Khokhloma and Gorodets products, Gzhel dishes, types of Russian nesting dolls.
2. To form patriotic feelings in children: a feeling of love and pride for the Motherland based on the study of Russian folk crafts.
3. Develop artistic and creative abilities in the process of perceiving works of decorative art and children's activities: drawing, modeling, appliqué.
4. Introduce to the culture and traditions of the Russian people; cultivate the best qualities inherent in him: hard work, kindness, mutual assistance, empathy.
5. To cultivate interest and love for folk art, respect for culture, Russian traditions and crafts, masters of folk art.
6. Introduce to the diversity and features of decorative and applied arts.
7. Convey to students that they are carriers of the great Russian culture, heirs of great masters.
Expected result:
1. Introduce children and attract parents to the historical and cultural heritage of their native land;
2. Consolidating children’s knowledge and ideas about Russian folk crafts;
3. Interest and active participation of parents in the educational process of the kindergarten;
4. Development of creative imagination, creative thinking
5. Formation of prerequisites for search activity and intellectual initiative.
Organizational stage
Preparation of materials:
Selection of visual and didactic materials (thematic pictures, posters with elements of painting);
Preparation of presentations to familiarize children with folk crafts;
Preparation of a card index of round dancing and outdoor folk games;
Selection of works of folklore, poems on the theme of folk crafts;
Preparation of materials for organizing creative activities of children;
Productive stage:
Formation of the project problem and children’s interest in the project topic.
Plan of work with children for the implementation of the project “Folk Crafts of Russia”:
Direct educational activities
Formation of a holistic picture of the world
Topic: “Folk crafts”
Goal: To develop a sense of beauty, to cultivate love for the Motherland, respect for the work of people who create works of art. Develop the ability to distinguish between styles in the decorative arts.
Source: Abstract.
Design / Manual labor
Topic: “The boards are not simple – they are funny painted ones”
Goal: Continue to introduce children to traditional folk crafts. Expand your understanding of Gorodets products. Introduce the specifics of manufacturing and designing painted boards. Generate interest in the design of a wooden cutting board. Cultivate interest in folk culture.
Source: I. A. Lykova “Artistic work in kindergarten” p. 38
Reading fiction:
Topic: Reading the Russian folk tale “Khavroshechka”
Goal: To teach children to feel and understand the appropriateness of using expressive and visual means in a literary work; enrich children's speech with phraseological units, develop the ability to understand their figurative meaning. Source: Ushakova O. S. p. 231.
Drawing: Theme: “Golden Khokhloma”
Goal: To continue acquainting children with different types of folk arts and crafts. Learn to notice artistic elements that determine the specifics of “golden Khokhloma”: the purpose of objects, material, manufacturing technology (in the most general terms, accessible to children’s perception, color, pattern. Learn to draw patterns on paper from plant elements (grass, Kudrina, berries, flowers) based on Khokhloma painting, use decorative elements when designing homemade books. Develop technical skills - skillfully use a brush (paint with the tip of the brush, with the whole brush, move freely in different directions). A. page 66.
Modeling / Applique: Theme: “Horses”
Goal: To clarify children’s understanding of the specifics of the Dymkovo toy: what, how, by whom it was made; how it is decorated (decorated); what kind of character (cheerful, festive). Introduce children to the variety of toys and the specifics of decor - characteristic elements and color combinations. To create conditions for children’s creativity based on the Dymkovo toy. Form generalized methods of creating images (sculpting animal figures based on a cylinder).
Source: Lykova I. A. page 60
Speech development: Familiarization with the sentence
Objectives: Vocabulary and grammar: understanding the sequence of words in speech; introduce the term “offer”; learn to compose and distribute a proposal, read it correctly; consolidate the ability to name words in a sentence sequentially and separately; Sound culture of speech: Learn to select words that sound similar in the rhythm specified by the teacher; learn to pronounce pure phrases with different voice strengths.
Source: Ushakova O. S. “Speech development of children 5-7 years old” p. 84
“Social and communicative development”
Plot-role-playing games: “Guests have come to us” “Crafts store” Did. games: “Folk Holidays”, “Folk Instruments” (Chumicheva p. 240), “Door Well”, “Decorate the Word” Director’s game with the tabletop theater “Hare - Brag” Labor activity on the site - collecting garbage and branches Labor assignments for cleaning territory d/s: assistance to the janitor Labor activity on the site - garbage collection Work assignments: help the kids in cleaning the territory Household work in play areas
Conversation on the topic: “Is it possible to tell strangers your home address?”
"Speech development"
Teaching storytelling
“Russian folk toy” by L. E. Kylasova “Development of speech” p. 48–50.
Memorizing the fable “Ermoshka is rich”
Did. game “Decorate the Word” by Skorolupov, part 1 p. 64
Reading poetry: M. G. Smirnova “Haze”, “Little Red Maiden”; A. Dyakova “Merry Haze”, L. Gulyga “Motley Round Dance”; V. V. Gavrilova “Turkey”, “Water Carrier”, P. Sinyavsky “Khokhloma Painting”, Y. Nikolaeva “Bowl”, V. Nabokov “Khokhloma”.
Reading an excerpt from N. Bednik’s book “Khokhloma” (about the history of Khokhloma painting).
Learning poems by E. A. Nikonova “Semyonovsky nesting dolls”, “Dymkovo toy”, “Gzhel patterns”, “Golden Khokhloma”
"Physical development"
Morning gymnastics L. I. Penzulaeva “Health-improving gymnastics” complex No. 10 p. 69.
Gymnastics of awakening T. E. Kharchenko “Invigorating hymn.” "Funny Artists" (38)
Physical education lesson “One – rise” “Crane”
P. g. “Pancakes” “Foma” “Turnip”
A. g. “Mushroom” “Focus” “Dudochka”
D- “Walk in the Woods” (Card Index)
Conversation: “Living rivers of the body.”
Stop", "Lace" rnpi, "Burners" (rnpi, "Ring" (rnpi, "Milchanka" (rnpi) "Listen to the clapping" "Edible - inedible" "Tag with a ball" "Wolf in the ditch" Golden Gate" "Repeat movements and words" "We do not see"
Folk game "Stream" in folk costumes.
Round dance folk games “Geese-Swans”, “Loaf”,
"Shaggy Dog"
"At Milanya's, at the old lady's"
“By the bear in the forest”;
Artistic and aesthetic development"
Coloring “Dymkovo Lady”, “Fairytale Birds”.
Song to the melody of R. n. p. “Oh, I got up...”;
“Forget-me-not Gzhel” music. Chichikova, lyrics. P. Sinyavsky; R.n. round dance "Will I go out to the river" arrangement by Lomova
Did. game “Dress for a young lady” - elements of smoke. murals
- “Pick up the shadow”
- “Find a couple”
- “Make a bouquet”
-“Cut pictures”
- “Russian patterns”
Lotto "Khokhloma"
Painting of Dymkovo young ladies
“Painting the boards. Gorodets painting."
Examination of albums and visual demonstration material
Decorate the plate. Khokhloma
Matryoshka doll drawing, coloring, manufacturing using various non-traditional techniques.
Listening to an audio recording of the Russian folk song “Matryoshka”
"Cognitive Development"
Conversation “What is folk arts and crafts” - to clarify children’s ideas about folk art, its types (P, K, S)
Conversation “Russian folk toy” - introduction to the making of toys (matryoshka dolls, Dymkovo, Bogorodsk, Tver toys).
Conversation “The Blue of Russia” - introduction to Gzhel painting (with viewing slides)
Conversation “Zhostovo” - introduction to the production of trays, painting (view slides)
Conversation “Golden Khokhloma” - continue to introduce painting of objects, elements of painting
Conversation “Merry Town” - continue to introduce the painting
Examination of the thematic folder “Folk Art”
Introducing children to the presentation “The History of the Russian Matryoshka”
Regional component
Examination of furniture, folk dishes, embroidery. Goal: to develop interest in Cossack life and folklore. P/i "Paints", "Kite"
Interaction with parents and society
Consultation for parents (moving folder) on the topic: “The influence of folk crafts (“haze”) on the aesthetic education of preschool children”; “Artistic and aesthetic education of children in the family”
Involve parents in creating a mini-museum of Russian life and folk utensils.
Working with parents:
Parents were offered:
1. Help with collecting folk crafts for the mini-museum;
2. Take an active interest in the child’s activities in the group;
3. Help children learn poetry;
Generalization stage
1. Design of an exhibition of children's drawings and crafts;
2. Presentation of the project for parents and teaching staff of the kindergarten;
Project effectiveness:
As a result of comprehensive work to introduce children to decorative and applied arts, children have a desire to learn even more about the work of Russian masters and the life of the Russian people. Children independently began to distinguish between the styles of well-known types of decorative painting and learned to create expressive patterns on paper. Thus, the theme of decorative and applied arts in kindergarten is very interesting and multifaceted, it helps to develop not only a creative personality, but also cultivates integrity in children, love for their native land, for their country as a whole.
Informational resources:
1. “Preschool education.” - No. 8.- 19981.
2. Vershinina N. Gorbova O. Acquaintance with the features of decorative and applied art in the process of didactic games. // Preschool education. 2004 No. 6.
3. Garanina N.K. Introducing preschool children to folk culture
4. Gribovskaya A. A. Folk art and children's creativity. 2nd ed. – M.: Education, 2006.
5. Knyazeva O. A., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. – St. Petersburg. : Aksident, 1997.
6. Kochkina N. A. Project method in preschool education. - M.: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2012.
Feoktistova Nadezhda Igorevna
Job title: Educator
Educational institution: MADOU "Kindergarten of a combined type No. 38"
Locality: Sverdlovsk region, Sukhoi Log
Name of material: Methodological development
Subject: Project "Folk Crafts of Russia" in the senior group
Publication date: 16.07.2019
Chapter: preschool education
Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution
"Combined kindergarten No. 38"
Project
"Folk Crafts of Russia"
in the senior group
Compiled by:
Feoktistova N.I.
Sukhoi Log
Project type: Informational and practical.
Project duration: short-term – from 13.05 – 21.06.2019
Project participants: Teachers, parents, children of the older group.
Target: formation and development of the foundations of spiritual and moral culture
children through familiarization with folk arts and crafts
art.
Tasks:
1. Introduce children to the history of folk crafts,
the process of making toys, Russian nesting dolls, household items
folk craftsmen, the main elements of decorative painting
Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, Khokhloma, Gzhel and Gorodets toys
products, the concept of “folk art”.
2. To form moral and patriotic feelings in children, such as
love for the Motherland, pride in its heritage, hard work and respect for culture
of his people, the work of folk craftsmen, understanding of his social
significance.
3. Expand your understanding of the diversity of the world around you.
4. Cultivate sensitivity to the artistic word.
5. Develop emotional sensitivity to works
art, children's artistic creativity skills.
6. Introduce people to decorative and applied arts.
Relevance:
In our difficult times, due to my busyness at work and
concerns about the financial condition of our family, we are not enough
We devote time to introducing children to spiritual values. But without them it’s impossible
a true patriot of his homeland will grow up, knowing how to appreciate and increase it
wealth, take care of the prosperity of their region. Becoming spiritually rich
personality we must start from an early age, invest in the minds of children
the beautiful thing we have, to teach them to value the people's heritage, to educate
respect for the work of folk craftsmen, contribute to the cultivation of feelings
beautiful, develop children's creative abilities. Folk decorative
applied art will help us in this in the best possible way, because it
awakens in children the first vivid imaginative ideas about the Motherland, its
culture, contributes to the education of moral and patriotic feelings in
Expected result:
1. The interest of children and parents in folk decorative
applied arts.
2. Active participation in the implementation of the project.
3. Children’s independent discrimination of known types of decorative
painting and using them in your creativity.
Stage 1 - Preparatory:
1. Selection of literature on the topic, visual and teaching materials
(albums with different types of painting, basic elements of painting, games and
2. Preparation of presentations to familiarize children with folk
crafts.
3. Preparation of a card index of active and round dance folk games.
4. Selection of fiction on the topic of the project.
5. Preparation of materials for organizing creative activities
Stage 2 - Practical:
Project implementation methods:
The project was implemented through the following types of joint activities:
Cognitive activity
Speech activity
Artistic and creative activities
Play activity
Working with parents
Cognitive activity:
1. Thematic conversations:
- “Dymkovo Masters”
- “What is Khokhloma? »
- “Filimonov toys-whistles”
- “Funny nesting dolls”
- “Hello, magical Gorodets!”
- “Gzhel blue-blue miracle”
2. Viewing presentations: “Blue-blue miracle. Gzhel", "Golden
Khokhloma", "Dymkovo Masters", "The Miracle of Filimonov Whistles"
3. Educational message on the topic “What are felt boots? ";
Speech activity:
1. Reading works of folklore on the topic of folk crafts;
2. Learning the poems by E. A. Nikonova “Semyonovsky nesting dolls”,
“Dymkovo Toy”, “Gzhel Patterns”, “Golden Khokhloma”;
Artistic and creative activities:
1. Examination of albums and visual demonstration material;
2. Modeling from plasticine “Filimonovskie toys”;
3. Modeling “Dymkovo young lady”;
4. Drawing nesting dolls;
5. Drawing “Decorate the plate. Khokhloma";
6. Making “Miracle felt boots” applique using not
traditional materials;
7.Drawing “Painting a cup and saucer. Gzhel".
8. Drawing “Gzhel Cockerels”.
9. Drawing “Painting boards. Gorodets painting."
Game activity:
1. Outdoor folk games;
2. Round dance folk games “Geese-Swans”, “Loaf”, “Shaggy”
the dog”, “At Milanya’s, at the old woman’s”, “At the bear’s in the forest” and others.
3. Role-playing game “Let’s treat the nesting dolls to tea”, etc.
Working with parents:
Parents were offered:
1. Help with collecting folk crafts for the mini-museum.
2. Take an active interest in the child’s activities in the group.
3. Help children learn poetry.
Stage 3 - Generalizing
1. Design of an album of children’s drawings in all types of art.
2. Creation of a mini-museum “Folk Crafts of Russia”.
3. Creation of a mind map “Folk Crafts of Russia”.
Project effectiveness:
As a result of comprehensive work to introduce children to
children have an even greater desire for arts and crafts
learn about the work of Russian masters and the life of the Russian people. Children
independently began to distinguish between the styles of known types of decorative
painting, learned to create expressive patterns on paper. So
Thus, the theme of arts and crafts in kindergarten is very
interesting and multifaceted, it helps to develop not only a creative personality,
but also fosters integrity in children, love for their native land, for their
the country as a whole.
Plan for working with children to implement the project:
Topic: “Merry Haze” 05/13 – 05/17/2019
Target:
teach children to identify the Dymkovo toy and find differences in it from others
Russian folk craft toys.
"Toys are not
simple - clay,
painted"
View presentations "Haze"
Organization of the exhibition “Dymkovo Toy”
Looking at illustrations and visuals
material "Dymkovo toy"
Didactic games “The Third Wheel”, “Colored
droplets", "Dymkovo cut pictures"
Coloring pages "Haze"
Learning a poem about haze
2. Drawing
"Dressy
horses"
3.Applique
"Dymkovsky
toys"
4. Modeling from
"Horses"
Design
it's made of paper
"Dymkovskaya
young lady"
Topic: “Golden Khokhloma” 20.05 – 24.05.2019
Target: expand children's knowledge about folk art, clarify ideas about
Khokhloma craft, teach children to find characteristic features
Khokhloma products, to form aesthetic taste.
Collaborative activities between teachers and children
"Khokhloma
painting"
Making blanks with children - templates for
Khokhloma painting, tinting patterns.
Tinting of papier-mâché products
(plates, spoons, cups)
View presentations on a topic
Examining samples of Khokhloma painting
Work in Khokhloma coloring books
Drawing Khokhloma patterns
Learning a poem about Khokhloma
2. Drawing
"Golden Khokhloma"
and the golden forest"
3. Application
"Decorative
plate"
Plasticineography
"Golden Khokhloma"
Topic: “Filimonov toys” - 27.05 – 31.05. 2019
Target:
introduce children to the works of Filimonov masters. Expand
ideas about folk toys.
children
"The Miracle of the Filimonovskys"
whistle"
Viewing presentations “Filimonovskaya
toy"
Looking at illustrations and toys
Using templates, we learn to paint
silhouettes of toys
Didactic games "The Third Wheel"
“Paired pictures”, “Collect a picture”.
Learning sayings and proverbs about work
Learning a poem about
Filimonovskaya toy
Playing with the Filimonovskaya toy
2.Drawing
"Filimonovsky Cockerel"
"Filimonovsky motives"
Plasticineography
"Filimono horse"
Topic: “Bright Polkhov - Maidan” - 03.06 – 07.06.2019
Target: introduce the painting of Polkhov-Maidan, its characteristic elements
(flowers, buds, stems, leaves). Learn to make patterns based on
Polkhov-Maidan painting, develop aesthetic taste.
Joint activities of the teacher with
children
"Bright Polkhov-Maidan"
"Meet the Russian
matryoshka"
View presentations “Polkhov Products -
Maidan"
Looking at nesting dolls
Coloring Matryoshka coloring pages
Didactic games "Find a pair"
“Fold the ornament”
Looking at product illustrations
Polkhov – Maidan
Games with folk toys
Compilation of stories and fairy tales,
whose protagonists are
nesting dolls
2. Drawing
"Painting a barrel"
"Painting of Matryoshka"
Topic: “Gorodets patterns - so much joy for the eyes” - 10.06. – June 14, 2019
Target:
introduce children to the products of Gorodets craftsmen, develop aesthetic
perception.
Joint activities of the teacher with
children
"Vesely Gorodets"
Reading and memorizing a poem about
View presentations
Didactic games “Lay out the pattern”, “What
Practical task “Circle the element”
Examination of illustrations, albums
Gorodets painting
Plot-didactic game “Shop
souvenirs"
Painted stripes
Drawing the elements of the "cup",
2. Drawing
"Board with a bird pattern"
3. Application
with elements
drawing
"Gorodets motives"
Topic: “Blue Gzhel” - 06.17 – 06.21.2019
Target: introduce children to new folk crafts, decorative
applied art - Gzhel painting; teach children to identify characteristic
features of Gzhel craft, develop aesthetic taste
Joint activities of the teacher with
children
“This ringing fairy tale is Gzhel”
Looking at illustrations
View presentations
Drawing Gzhel elements
Coloring Gzhel coloring pages
2. Drawing
"Plate"
*** Planning and notes of the OOD are available in the project appendix
Informational resources:
1. “Preschool education.” - No. 8.- 1981.
Vershinina
Acquaintance
features
decorative
applied
art
process
didactic
Preschool
upbringing. 2004 No. 6.
3. Garanina N.K. Introducing preschool children to folk culture
4. Gribovskaya A. A. Folk art and children's creativity. 2nd ed. – M.:
Enlightenment, 2006.
Makhaneva
Communion
folk culture. – St. Petersburg. :Aktsident, 1997.
6. Kochkina N. A. Project method in preschool education. - M.: Mosaic-
Synthesis, 2012.
7. The concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation. - Management of preschool educational institutions. 2005
8. Lyapina L. A. Folk games in kindergarten. - M.: TC Sfera, 2009.
9. Sypchenko E. A. Innovative pedagogical technologies. - SPb: Childhood-
Elena Sheikina
Pedagogical project in the senior group “Folk Crafts”
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, general developmental kindergarten No. 93, Tomsk
Project
« Folk crafts of Russia»
By dominant activity: cognitive-creative
By number of participants: group
Nature of contacts: among the children of one groups
By duration: short-term
Applicant: children senior group
Problem: Nowadays, little attention is paid to introducing children to various types of decorative and applied arts; many children do not know what a museum is. And also children don’t know what There are folk crafts in our country.
Relevance project: due to the great importance of educating moral and patriotic feelings among preschoolers in modern society. Children do not master a general concept, so it is necessary to develop practical conditions that optimize the process of development of artistic abilities and creative imagination in children. To cultivate a love for the cultural and aesthetic values of the native country.
An object project activities: Folk arts and crafts of Russia.
Item project activities: Folk traditions.
Target project: formation of cognitive interest in Russian in children folk culture through familiarization with folk crafts and organization of artistic, productive and creative activities
Tasks project:
To develop children's knowledge about folk crafts of Russia
Promote speech development child: enrich the vocabulary, increase the expressiveness of speech;
Develop individual emotional manifestations in all types of activities;
Carry out the moral and aesthetic development of the child’s personality;
Develop the ability to see the beauty of applied arts products, develop aesthetic taste;
Develop children's artistic creativity skills;
Hypothesis: if you introduce preschoolers to folk crafts of Russia, the skill of Russian craftsmen and Russian folklore, then this will allow our children to feel part of the Russian people, feel proud of your country, rich in glorious traditions.
Resources project:
Software: used project developed by me in full accordance with the requirements of the comprehensive program "Childhood" (T. I. Babaeva, A. G. Gogoberidze, O. V. Solntseva)
Regulatory resources: a package of regulatory documents; kindergarten group, games room, music room, meeting modern sanitary, hygienic and methodological requirements.
Logistics resources: Kindergarten group, games room, music room meet modern sanitary, hygienic and methodological requirements, audio player, Internet, teaching materials, museum.
Human Resources: Teachers, children, parents, speech therapist, music director, tour guide.
Stages project:
Stages Activities teacher Children's activities Interaction with parents
Organizational Selection of material, manuals, literature on the topic. Making didactic games, developing notes. Showing initiative and desire to participate in educational activities. Help in selecting material.
Basic Reading books, holding discussions on the topic project, replenishment of the development environment. Selection of riddles, poems, proverbs, sayings. Learning songs. Decoration of a mini-museum folk crafts. Organizing an excursion to the museum. Active participation in implementation project: participation in conversations. Independent creative activity. Active participation in the excursion. Helping children learn poetry.
Help with collecting items folk crafts for a mini-museum. Recommendations: Actively participate in educational work groups. Visit exhibitions with your children craftsmen, acquire folk toys, read fairy tales, look at books and illustrations. Talk about toys - who made them and how.
Final Design of an exhibition of children's drawings and crafts; Participation in excursions to "The First Museum of Slavic Mythology". Participation in a weekend excursion.
Educational plan activities:
Educational areas Joint educational activities teacher with children, taking into account educational areas Organization of a developmental environment for children’s independent activities Interaction with parents
Group, subgroup Individual educational activities in special moments
Social and communicative development Did. a game "Decorate the word" Did. games "Dress for a young lady"- elements of smoke. murals
- "Pick up the shadow"
-"Find a Pair"
"Make a bouquet"
-"Cut pictures"
-"Russian patterns"
Lotto "Khokhloma"
Educational Labor activity on the site - collecting garbage and branches.
Conversation on the topic: “Is it possible to tell strangers your home address?”
Board and printed games; attributes for role-playing games. A selection of educational games on the topic project.
Speech development Teaching storytelling
"Russian folk toy» Memorizing a tall tale "Rich Ermoshka"
Reading poetry: M. G. Smirnova "Haze", "Red Maiden"; A. Dyakova "Merry Haze", L. Gulyga "Motley round dance"; V. V. Gavrilova "Turkey", "Waterbearer", P. Sinyavsky "Khokhloma painting", Yu. Nikolaeva "Bowl", V. Nabokov "Khokhloma".
Learning poems by E. A. Nikonova "Semyonovsky nesting dolls", "Dymkovo toy", "Gzhel Patterns", "Golden Khokhloma"
Reading an excerpt from the book by N. Bednik "Khokhloma" (about the history of Khokhloma painting). Illustrations on the topic « Folk crafts» .
Artistic
naya literature.
Cognitive development Thematic conversations:
- "Filimonov toys - whistles"
- "Dymkovo Masters"
- "Merry dolls"
-“What is Khokhloma?”
- "Gzhel blue-blue miracle"
View presentations: “Blue-blue miracle. Gzhel", "Golden Khokhloma", "Dymkovo Masters", "The Miracle of Filimonov Whistles"
Educational message on the topic “What are felt boots?”; Illustrations featuring folk crafts.
Applied art objects in a mini-museum groups.
Video presentation about the history of different species folk crafts. Consultation for parents on topic: "Influence folk crafts("haze") for aesthetic education of preschool children"; “Artistic and aesthetic education of children in the family”
Artistic and aesthetic development Examination of albums and visual demonstration material; Modeling from plasticine "Filimonov toys"; Modeling "Dymkovo young lady";Drawing nesting dolls;Drawing “Decorate the plate. Khokhloma";Manufacture "Miracle of felt boots" applique using non-traditional materials. Drawing “Painting a cup and saucer. Gzhel";Drawing "Gzhel Cockerels".
Work in the creativity corner with coloring books, stencils, illustrations Coloring books, silhouettes, strokes, pencils, paints, felt-tip pens, crayons, plasticine, drawing albums Creating an album « Folk crafts» .
Physical development Movable folk games;
Round dances folk games"Swan geese", "Loaf", "Shaggy Dog", "At Milani's, at old ladies» , "At the Bear's Forest"; Morning exercises "Matryoshka", Gymnastics after sleep "Tumblers".
Balls, masks, jump ropes, hoops and other attributes for outdoor games. Recommendation to include outdoor games in walks with children.
Expected Result:
At the end project children have ideas about types folk crafts. Show interest and desire to learn more about trades and life of the Russian people. Children independently began to distinguish between the styles of well-known types of decorative painting and learned to create expressive patterns on paper. Take an active part in educational and creative activities project.
Criteria for assessing results according to diagnostics:
Short: The child finds it difficult to name most types of decorative painting. Cannot distinguish them by appearance. Shows no interest in cognitive and creative activities.
Average: A child can name some types of decorative painting with partial help from an adult. Can identify some types of painting by appearance. Can create some patterns on paper with the help of an adult. Shows creative and cognitive interest, but only in group activities.
High: The child can independently name several types of decorative painting. Most can tell by appearance. Takes an active part in educational activities. He can independently draw some patterns on paper based on a sample. Actively participates in creative activities, both independent and collective. Willingly takes part in play activities.
Product project:
Exhibition of children's drawings and crafts;
Mini museum « Folk crafts» .
Consultation for parents.
Video about folk crafts.
Album « Folk crafts» .
Presentation project: Excursion to the museum "Slavic mythology".
Reflection: As a result of comprehensive work to introduce children to decorative and applied arts, children have a desire to learn even more about the work of Russian masters and the life of Russian people. Children independently began to distinguish between the styles of well-known types of decorative painting and learned to create expressive patterns on paper. Thus, the theme of decorative and applied arts in kindergarten is very interesting and multifaceted, it helps to develop not only a creative personality, but also cultivates integrity in children, love for their native land, for their country as a whole.
Forecast of possible negative consequences, methods corrections:
Negative consequences Methods of correction
Some children did not show interest in the topic project Select as much interesting and colorful literature on the topic, audio and video materials, and educational games as possible.
It will not be possible to collect materials to decorate a mini-museum. Invite as many parents as possible to collect objects of applied art, preparing a consultation on the artistic and aesthetic education of children.
Parents will not provide assistance and will not take an active part in the implementation project. Conduct a conversation about the need and importance of parental participation in educational and creative activities groups. Announce the upcoming topic in advance project.
List of used literature:
N. S. Golitsyna; “Notes of complex thematic classes”;
O. V. Dybina: “Classes to familiarize yourself with the outside world in senior group of kindergarten", year 2014;
N.V. Kolomina: “Education of the fundamentals of environmental culture in kindergarten”, 2010;
Periodicals;
Internet resources;
O. A. Voronkevich "Welcome to ecology", year 2014.
Project topic: Developing in children the prerequisites for value-semantic perception and understanding of the culture, customs and traditions of their native land through project activities, creating conditions for the artistic and aesthetic development of children through familiarization with the Don craft.
Project Manager: Titkova A.I., speech therapist teacher
Project type: informational and creative.
Project duration: long-term;
Implementation period: October – May.
Project participants: children of the preparatory group, parents of pupils, teachers.
Relevance of the project: Nowadays, little attention is paid to introducing children to various types of decorative and applied arts and folk traditions. In the main general educational program of preschool education “From birth to school”, edited by N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva, the conditions for the formation of creative imagination in children are not sufficiently disclosed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop practical conditions that optimize the process of development of artistic abilities and creative imagination in children.
Goals:
1. Form children’s ideas about .
2. Summarize children’s knowledge about decorative and applied arts.
3. To develop children's cognitive interest in Russian folk art. Continue to develop children's decorative creativity;
the ability to create patterns based on folk paintings, already familiar to children and new ones (Gorodets, Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Mezen painting, etc.). To develop the ability to highlight and convey the color scheme of folk decorative art of a certain type;
4. Strengthen the ability to create compositions on sheets of paper of different shapes, silhouettes of objects and toys; paint toys made by children. To consolidate the ability, when composing a decorative composition based on one or another type of folk art, to use its characteristic pattern elements and color scheme.
5. Summarize the results of the collective creative activity of children, parents, and teachers during the implementation of the project.
Tasks:
Educational:
- Introduce children to folk crafts.
- Introduce children to decorative and applied arts: Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, Khokhloma and Gorodets painting, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting.
- Arouse children's interest in folk art.
- Strengthen the ability to read poetry expressively.
- Learn to understand the figurative meaning of riddles.
- To teach to see the beauty and originality of Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, Khokhloma, Gorodets and Gzhel paintings.
- Teach children to create original patterns based on folk paintings.
- Learn to use plant elements.
- Teach children to navigate various types of painting.
- Learn to observe wildlife.
Educational:
- To instill in children a love for Russian applied art.
- Foster a love of folk art.
- Foster respect for the work of folk craftsmen.
- To cultivate aesthetic and ethical feelings.
- Cultivate curiosity.
Educational:
- Develop children's cognitive activity.
- Develop a sense of color and compositional skills.
- Develop attention, thinking, creative imagination, visual memory, ability to analyze.
Activate dictionary: floral ornament, curl, poke, grass, element, “golden Khokhloma”, Dymkovo toy, Filimonov toy, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting, fair, peddler.
- Children’s knowledge of various types of decorative and applied arts: Dymkovo, Filimonov toys, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting.
- Children’s ability to navigate various types of painting.
- Children’s ability to create patterns based on folk paintings.
Project implementation scheme
- Introducing children to applied arts. Poems, stories, riddles, sayings, proverbs, songs, ditties.
- Presentations
- Didactic games
- Excursions
- Conversations
- Artistic and aesthetic development
- Working with parents
Download:
Preview:
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
kindergarten No. 65
Accepted: I approve:
Pedagogical Council No. 1 Head of MBDOU d/s No. 65
dated 08/31/2018 ______________ S.V. Titkova
PROJECT
"Folk Crafts"
for the 2018-2019 academic year
Developed by:
teacher speech therapist
Titkova Anna Igorevna
Novocherkassk
2018
Project topic: Developing in children the prerequisites for value-semantic perception and understanding of the culture, customs and traditions of their native land through project activities, creating conditions for the artistic and aesthetic development of children through familiarization with the Don craft.
Project Manager:Titkova A.I., speech therapist teacher
Project type: informational and creative.
Project duration: long-term;
Implementation period: October – May.
Project participants:children of the preparatory group, parents of pupils, teachers.
Relevance of the project:Nowadays, little attention is paid to introducing children to various types of decorative and applied arts and folk traditions. In the main general educational program of preschool education “From birth to school”, edited by N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva, the conditions for the formation of creative imagination in children are not sufficiently disclosed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop practical conditions that optimize the process of development of artistic abilities and creative imagination in children.
Goals:
1. Form children’s ideas aboutfolk arts and crafts(Khokhloma, Gzhel, Gorodets, Polkhov-Maidan, Zhostovo, Semikarakorsk painting).
2. Summarize children’s knowledge about decorative and applied arts.
3. To develop children's cognitive interest in Russian folk art. Continue to develop children's decorative creativity;
the ability to create patterns based on folk paintings, already familiar to children and new ones (Gorodets, Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Mezen painting, etc.). To develop the ability to highlight and convey the color scheme of folk decorative art of a certain type;
4. Strengthen the ability to create compositions on sheets of paper of different shapes, silhouettes of objects and toys; paint toys made by children. To consolidate the ability, when composing a decorative composition based on one or another type of folk art, to use its characteristic pattern elements and color scheme.
5. Summarize the results of the collective creative activity of children, parents, and teachers during the implementation of the project.
Tasks:
Educational:
- Introduce children to folk crafts.
- Introduce children to decorative and applied arts: Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, Khokhloma and Gorodets painting, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting.
- Arouse children's interest in folk art.
- Strengthen the ability to read poetry expressively.
- Learn to understand the figurative meaning of riddles.
- Learn to see the beauty and originality of Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, Khokhloma, Gorodets and Gzhel paintings.
- Teach children to create original patterns based on folk paintings.
- Learn to use plant elements.
- Teach children to navigate various types of painting.
- Learn to observe wildlife.
Educational:
- To instill in children a love for Russian applied art.
- Foster a love of folk art.
- Foster respect for the work of folk craftsmen.
- To cultivate aesthetic and ethical feelings.
- Cultivate curiosity.
Educational:
- Develop children's cognitive activity.
- Develop a sense of color and compositional skills.
- Develop attention, thinking, creative imagination, visual memory, ability to analyze.
Activate dictionary: floral ornament, curl, poke, grass, element, “golden Khokhloma”, Dymkovo toy, Filimonov toy, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting, fair, peddler.
Planned results of the project:
- Children’s knowledge of various types of decorative and applied arts: Dymkovo, Filimonov toys, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting.
- Children’s ability to navigate various types of painting.
- Children’s ability to create patterns based on folk paintings.
Project implementation scheme
- Introducing children to applied arts. Poems, stories, riddles, sayings, proverbs, songs, ditties.
- Presentations
- Didactic games
- Excursions
- Conversations
- Artistic and aesthetic development
- Working with parents
Activities. Ways of implementation.
- Play activity
- Didactic games: “Trace the element”, “Trace and color”, “Collect the whole”, “Trace the picture”, “Continue the picture”, “Find a pair”.
- Getting to know your surroundings
- Targeted excursion into nature (examine the grass, compare it with the grass in Khokhloma painting).
- Conversations: “Visiting the Gorodets masters”, “Journey to the masters of Khokhloma”, “Visiting the Dymkovo masters”, “Filimonovskaya toy”, “Semikarakorsk painting”
- Speech development
- Activate the vocabulary: floral ornament, curl, poke, grass, element, “golden Khokhloma”, Dymkovo, Filimonov toy, Gzhel, Semikarakorsk painting, fair, peddler.
- Fiction
- Reading poems: M. G. Smirnova “Haze”, “Little Red Maiden”, A. Dyakova “Merry Haze”, L. Gulyga “Motley Round Dance”, V.V. Gavrilova “Turkey”, “Water-carrier”, P. Sinyavsky " Khokhloma painting”, Y. Nikolaeva “Bowl”, V. Nabokov “Khokhloma”. See "Decorative drawing with children 5-7 years old." V. V. Gavrilova, L. A. Artemyeva.
- Making riddles.
- Reading an excerpt from N. Bednik’s book “Khokhloma” (about the history of Khokhloma painting).
- Visual activities
- Coloring flat silhouettes with paints: “Magic horses”, “Let’s paint outfits for the kids”, “Dymkovo lady”, “Fairytale birds”, “Semikarakorsk tableware painting”
- Coloring with pencils and wax crayons “Deer”.
- Drawing elements of Dymkovo, Khokhloma, Semikarakorsk painting.
- Modeling: “Dymkovo horse”, “Goat based on the Dymkovo toy”, “Dymkovo turkey”, “Mistress, nanny, water carrier”, “Gzhel” dishes, “Khokhloma”.
- Musical education
- Song to the melody of the Russian folk song “Oh, I got up...”;
- “Forget-me-not Gzhel” music. Chichikova, lyrics. P. Sinyavsky;
- Ditties;
- Cossack songs.
Project implementation stages
Stage 1. Preparatory.
Selection of methodological, fiction, illustrative, didactic material on the topic of the project;
Selection of material for visual and productive activities;
Drawing up a plan for working with children on the project.
Informing parents about the objectives and content of the project;
Involving parents in joint work on the project;
Enrichment of the subject-development environment in the group.
Stage 2. Practical.
- Long-term planning for the project.
Examination of illustrations on the topic of the project"Folk crafts of Russia."Formation of ideas about folk crafts(Gorodets, Khokhloma, Dymka, about folk toys).Consolidating and enriching knowledge about the history of folk artistic crafts. Fostering respect and interest in Russian cultural traditions.
Reading fiction. Russian folktale"Khavroshechka" . To teach children to feel and understand the appropriateness of using expressive and visual means in a literary work; enrich children's speech with phraseological units, develop the ability to understand their figurative meaning.
Conversation. "Fairytale Gzhel". To cultivate a sense of pride in the talent of one’s people, respect for the masters and the desire to create collective work with one’s own hands - Gzhel service. Continue to introduce children to Russian folk crafts using the example of Gzhel ceramics.
Drawing "Introduction to the art of Gzhel painting." Introduce children to the art of Gzhel painting in blue tones. Develop the ability and color structure, rhythm and character of the elements. To develop the ability to convey elements of painting. Cultivate an interest in decorative arts.
Didactic game: Folk crafts. To consolidate children's knowledge about folk crafts and their characteristics. Strengthen the ability to find the desired craft among others, justify your choice, and compose a descriptive story.
Conversation about Dymkovo toys. Introduce children to one of the types of folk and applied art - the Dymkovo clay toy. With artistic traditions in the manufacture of toys and the use of materials for them(clay, wood) available in the places where the craftsmen live. Learn to identify the elements of painting, its color, motifs and pattern composition on products.
Modeling "Dymkovo young lady". Continue to introduce children to the Dymkovo toy, teach them to see its beauty and originality. Strengthen knowledge about the fishery. Learn to sculpt the figure of a young lady, convey the shape of the parts, connect them tightly.
Art history conversation"Gorodets - a city of craftsmen". Expand children's understanding of their native country. Continue to introduce the sights of Russia. Expanding children's understanding of the sphere of human activity is an art. Continue to introduce children to folk crafts. Foster respect for people's work.
Drawing: “Gorodets painting of a wooden board”Teach children to paint a template based on Gorodets painting. Learn to identify elements of painting, their compositional arrangement, and color. Develop a sense of rhythm, color, composition, develop children's skills in mixing colors. Cultivate interest in the products of Gorodets craftsmen, the desire to create a beautiful pattern.
Conversation "The Art of Zhostovo"To give an idea of the craft, color, history of the origin of Zhostovo painting, the main elements of painting. Continue to introduce children to folk art using the example of Zhostovo masters.
- Plasticineography:"Zhostovo tray"Strengthen the ability to create a composition on a circle, oval, rectangle, filling the middle and shaping the edges. Reinforce drawing techniques with plasticine. Develop imagination, attention, memory, imagination. Cultivate interest in folk crafts.
Didactic game: Decorate the tray to consolidate knowledge about Zhostovo painting - its color, its constituent elements; learn to place a pattern; develop a sense of rhythm and composition; to form an aesthetic attitude towards folk art.
Presentation: Folk crafts of Russia. Forming children's cognitive interest in Russian folk culture through familiarization with Russian folk crafts.
Lapbook "Folk toy and painting."Expanding children's knowledge about the customs of the Russian people. Development of cognitive activity, observation, creative thinking. Cultivating interest in the customs and culture of the Russian people, developing independence in self-education.
Presentation “The Semikarakorsk painting is the artistic thought of the Don.”Expand children's understanding of the history of Semikarakorsk painting, the main elements, and cultivate respect for the masters of the Don.
Modeling "Don dishes".Learn to sculpt dishes, convey the shape of parts and elements of dishes, and connect them tightly.
Drawing “A gift to Aunt Aksinya.”Teach children to paint a template based on the Semikarakorsk painting. Learn to identify elements of painting, their compositional arrangement, and color. Develop a sense of rhythm, color, composition, develop children's skills in mixing colors. Cultivate interest in the products of Don craftsmen, the desire to create a beautiful pattern.
Long-term planning.
Subject | Class dates | Target |
Golden Khokhloma. | October | Golden Khokhloma. Drawing. Expand ideas about Khokhloma fishing; learn to draw individual elements of Khokhloma painting; develop the ability to work with the end of a brush, develop imagination. |
Fairytale Gzhel. | november | Expand knowledge about the history of Gzhel fishing. Help to master simple elements of painting, cultivate respect for folk craftsmen. |
Filimonov toys - whistles. | December | Introduce the work of Filimonov masters. Show the features of sculpting the Filimonov toy; learn to achieve accuracy in conveying the form; develop hand motor skills. |
Bogorodsk toys. | January | To consolidate knowledge about the variety of folk toys; continue to introduce folk crafts. Give the concept of the Bogorodsk toy. |
Dymkovo toys. Dymkovo horse. | February | Show the features of the constructive method of sculpting the Dymkovo horse. Strengthen the ability to maintain the proportional relationship of parts, learn to connect parts of the figure. |
Gorodets toys. | March | Introduce children to the products of Gorodets craftsmen. Mastering the simplest elements of Gorodets painting. Continue to develop the ability to work with the end of the brush. |
The art of Zhostov. Zhostovo bouquet. | April | Acquaintance with traditional Russian artistic craft - Zhostovo painting. Acquaintance with the elements of Zhostovo painting, strengthening the ability to work with a brush. |
Semikarakorsk dishes | May | Acquaintance with the traditional Don art craft - Semikarakorsk painting. Acquaintance with the elements of Semikarakorsk painting, strengthening the ability to work with a brush. |
Consultation for parents (moving folder) on the topic: “The influence of folk crafts on the aesthetic education of preschool children”; “Artistic and aesthetic education of children in the family.” |
||
Exhibition of artistic creativity “Don Crafts”. |
Stage 3. Final.
Expected result:
As a result of comprehensive work to introduce children to decorative and applied arts, children had a desire to learn even more about the work of folk craftsmen and the life of the Cossacks. Children independently began to distinguish between the styles of well-known types of decorative painting and learned to create expressive patterns on paper.
Thus , the theme of decorative and applied art is very interesting and multifaceted, it helps to develop not only a creative personality, but also cultivates integrity in children, love for their native land, for their country as a whole.
Informational resources:
- Vershinina N. Gorbova O. Acquaintance with the features of decorative and applied art in the process of didactic games. //Preschool education. 2004 No. 6.
- Gribovskaya A.A. Folk art and children's creativity. 2nd ed. – M.: Education, 2006.
- Gribovskaya A.A. Teaching preschoolers decorative drawing, modeling, and appliqué. – M.: Scriptorium, 2008.
- Knyazeva O.A., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. – St. Petersburg: Aksident, 1997.
- Lyalina L.A. Folk games in kindergarten. – M.: TC Sfera, 2009.
- Folk art in raising children. / Ed. Komarova T.S. - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
- Skorolupova O.A. Introducing senior preschool children to Russian folk arts and crafts. – M.: Scriptorium, 2006.
- Solomennikova O.A. The joy of creativity. – M.: Mosaika-Sintez, 2008.
- Khalezova N.B. Folk sculpture and decorative modeling. – M.: TC Sfera, 2005.
- "Pre-school education". - №8.- 1998.
- Vershinina N. Gorbova O. Acquaintance with the features of decorative and applied art in the process of didactic games. // Preschool education. 2004 No. 6.
- Garanina N.K. Introducing preschool children to folk culture
- Gribovskaya A. A. Folk art and children's creativity. 2nd ed. – M.: Education, 2006.
- Knyazeva O. A., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. – St. Petersburg: Aksident, 1997.
- Kochkina N. A. Project method in preschool education. - M.: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2014.
- Gerbova V. “Speech development in the senior group”Ed. Mosaic-Synthesis, 2015
- Dybina O. "FCCM in the senior group"Ed. Mosaic-Synthesis, 2015
- Lykova I. “Art activities in kindergarten. Senior group."Ed. Mosaic-Synthesis, 2015
- Lykova I. “Artistic work in kindergarten. Senior group"Ed. Mosaic-Synthesis, 2015
- Kutsakova L.V.” Encyclopedia of creative development with children 3-7 years old” Ed. Eksmo 2013
- Internet resources
www.maam.ru
www.site
Annex 1
“...recently we tried to imitate foreigners in everything, now the fashion is different. But, really, it wouldn’t hurt us to take, instead of all the others, one trait from Western education - the trait of respect for one’s fatherland.”
K.D. Ushinsky
Decorative and applied arts in kindergarten and at home.
Decorative and applied art is perhaps one of the most ancient. Its name comes from Lat. decoro - I decorate, and the definition of “applied” contains the idea that it serves the practical needs of a person, while simultaneously satisfying his basic aesthetic needs.
Decorative and applied arts are one of the important means of artistic education for preschool children.
Folk art is rich and varied. Today, almost every family has works by folk artists - Russian nesting dolls, Gzhel dishes, Khokhloma bowls and spoons, Pavloposad shawls, woven towels. Interest in this type of art is increasing.
Dear moms and dads!
The upbringing and development of a child, including creative development, is impossible without the participation of parents.
Each child has his own abilities and talents. The task of the family is to see and discern the child’s abilities in time, and the task of the teacher is to develop his abilities, to prepare the ground for these abilities to be realized.
Starting the work of introducing preschool children to folk art, we turn to folk crafts -Dymkovo toy, since it is the Dymkovo toy that has a diverse impact on the development of the child’s feelings, mind and character.
From the history…
A long time ago, behind dense forests, beyond distant seas, on the banks of the blue Vyatka River, opposite the city of Kirov, a large village was located. Every morning people got up, lit the stoves, and blue smoke curled out of the chimneys. There are many houses and a lot of smoke. So they called that village Dymkovo... In ancient times, the craftsmen of the Dymkovo settlement near Vyatka sculpted toys from clay: ladies under an umbrella, ruddy gentlemen, horses, bears, deer, ducks and roosters. Almost all of them are whistles, festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles that look like flowers.
We are sure that your child will be happy to repeat at home what he already drew in kindergarten. Together with your child, apply the Dymkovo ornament to the stencil, let your horse come to life!
During modeling classes, children develop a three-dimensional vision of objects, comprehend the plastic features of the form, and develop a sense of the integrity of the composition.
We invite you and your child to enjoy joint creativity at home!
1. To make a horse figurine, you need to divide a piece of plasticine into two parts. From the first piece we mold the torso and legs. We will leave the second piece for the head and mane. Roll out the first piece into a cylinder and separate both ends with a stack.
2. We begin to work with the second piece of plasticine. We divide it into two unequal parts. The head and neck are molded from one piece of plasticine. We connect the parts, carefully smooth the joint and pull out the head. The mane and tail will be obtained from a thin “sausage” rolled into a “pigtail”
3. The last stage will be painting our horse. First, we apply the base with white gouache, then we draw in the black elements, and, finally, we apply a bright multi-colored painting on the white background of the toy.
Together you will definitely succeed!
We wish you success and good mood!
Studying the creative heritage of ancestors helps to attract attention to spiritual values, develop interest and respect for the historical past, and this opens up great opportunities for the development of a person as an individual capable of understanding and appreciating what was created by the labor of the people.
We bring to your attention several more types of folk crafts:
Gorodetskaya The wooden toy has a variety of themes: people, horses, steamships, etc. The expressiveness of the form, bright, vibrant colors, naive “childish” ornament - all this gives the toy originality and freshness.
Matryoshka , Russian beauty What attracts her? With its simplicity and bright painting. The beauty of the nesting doll is not only its colorfulness, but also its entertaining nature. Everyone is delighted and surprised by the dolls nested inside one another. Each matryoshka has its own facial expression.
Gzhelsky the products are always easy to distinguish: they are made of white clay and painted with bluish-blue broad strokes, reproducing floral arrangements or scenes from folk life. Tabletop sculpture has always been given a large place in Gzhel crafts. These are small figurines or a group of figurines from 5 to 20 cm in height, depicting characters from fairy tales, plot or everyday scenes, as well as children's toys.
Khokhloma reflected all the wealth and all the beauty of our nature. Loving and admiring their native land with all their hearts, people have long not only sung its beauty in songs and fairy tales, but also created household utensils, decorated them with bright, elegant paintings, in which pictures of nature came to life.
Bogorodskaya carved toy. Everything in it is alive, everything is close to the baby - both the plot and the image. The figures of animals are conveyed subtly, expressively, and with vital truth. The cognitive element of the Bogorodsk toy is very strong. Through it, the child receives a correct idea of animals and various objects.
Getting to know the skills of folk craftsmen and folklore will allow our children to feel like part of the people, to feel pride in their country, rich in glorious traditions.
Types of folk arts and crafts.
“The greatest attention should be paid to folk traditions, they must be studied and perceived with all one’s soul, they must be mastered” A. V. Saltykov
Today, almost every home has works by folk artists - Gzhel teapots, Khokhloma bowls, woven towels, painted Gorodets bread bins or salt shakers.
They enter our lives not as utilitarian objects, but primarily as works of art that correspond to our aesthetic sense; become a decoration for both rural and urban housing. It would seem, why do we need wooden spoons in our dynamic age, the age of scientific and technological progress, when there are cheap metal ones? Why do we need candlesticks when there is electricity everywhere?
The fact is that this expresses people's need for beauty. Folk art was created mainly by the peasantry, as well as by artisans and handicraftsmen who were engaged in subsidiary crafts, and at the same time did not break away from agriculture, as a result, traditions were developed that play a role in the development of modern decorative art.
1. Khokhloma - incomparable beauty. The birthplace of fiery Khokhloma is the Nizhny Novgorod region. Talented hereditary masters of fire painting live here, and the only professional artistic and technical school of Khokhloma painting in the world is located here. Her address is the city of Semenov. Its origins probably date back to the 17th century, and its final formation to the 18th century. In the pictures you see grass paintings, bushes, birds, berries. In the compositions of Khokhloma artists, everything is subordinated to a strict rhythm, which they learned from nature, where everything is rhythmic: the alternation of seasons, the periodicity of sunrise and sunset, the structure of stripes on the skin of animals and the skin of lizards is also rhythmic. What about the sounds? Let's remember the rhythmic sound of a woodpecker, the cuckoo's cuckoo, the murmur of a stream.
2. Gorodets painting. In the 60s, painted boards, salt shakers, benches, children's rocking chairs, round wall panels with unprecedented birds, slender thin-legged horses, blooming bushes and roses began to appear on the shelves of Gorky stores. The products were in demand and the factory grew and developed.
Gorodets is a small ancient city on the banks of the Volga, the oldest in the Gorky region. It was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. Since ancient times, Gorodets was famous for its carvers. It is the carved pattern of the Gorodets huts that is an original and outstanding phenomenon in Russian folk architecture. It brought major glory to Gorodets. Later the carving is replaced by beautiful floral painting.
3. Blue Gzhel. In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, not far from Moscow, among forests and fields stands the town of Gzhel. A long time ago, brave and skillful, beautiful and cheerful craftsmen lived there. They got together one day and began to think about how best to show their skills. We thought and thought and came up with an idea. They found wonderful, white, white clay in their native town, and decided to sculpt various dishes from it. Yes, such as the world has never seen. One made a teapot: the spout was in the shape of a cockerel’s head, and the handle was in the shape of a tail. Another master looked and marveled, but did not sculpt a teapot, but made a jug for kvass (kvassnik) and decorated it in his own way, with molded figures: two goats are standing, and cockerels are fighting on top.
But Gzhel craftsmen decorated their products not only with stucco molding; they painted dishes with blue paint of different shades. They painted various patterns of nets, stripes, and flowers on the dishes. They depicted fabulous animals and birds. People liked the beautiful dishes and began to call it “a gentle blue miracle.”
To this day, the ancient town of Gzhel stands not far from Moscow among forests and fields.
4. Dymkovo toy. Homeland - Kirov region. (Vyatka). People brought whistles made of clay to the festivities and organized fairs selling toys. Masters do not make sketches; they immediately create the form. Each craftswoman follows her own tradition. Subjects: animals, birds, ladies, peasants. The painting includes elements: circles, dots, rings, stripes, wavy lines, mesh, etc.
5. Filimonovskaya toy. The village of Filimonovo, Tula region, is located near deposits of white clay. The subjects are also young ladies, peasants, soldiers, dancing couples, horse riders. This toy is distinguished by its painting: stripes, arcs, dots, intersecting lines.
Appendix 2
Gzhel.
Near Moscow, in the Ramensky district (the village of Gzhel), back in the 16th century, various pottery and toys were made from the famous Gzhel clay, which were in demand in many Russian cities. The name “Gzhel” itself is derived from the verb “to burn”, to burn clay.
At all times, dishes were molded on a potter's wheel and in plaster molds, and toy sculptures were molded by hand. Then the products were fired at a temperature of 1200 C. Gzhel is a marvelous, outlandish blue flowers, herbs and leaves, painted with black cobalt on white porcelain. The products of Gzhel craftsmen are distinguished by their elegant shape. Patterns easily made with a brush, either barely noticeable bluish or saturated dark blue with tints, give an unusual, fabulous look to jugs, vases, trays, teapots, salt shakers, cups and other ceramic products that seem airy to us and pleasing to the eye.
Dymkovo toy.
Dymkovo toy- one of the Russian folk clayarts and crafts . Originated in the settlement beyond the riverDymkovo , near the city of Vyatka (now on the territory of the cityKirov ).
This is one of the oldest crafts in Rus', more than four hundred years old. The appearance of the toy is associated with the spring holidaywhistle , to which the female population of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks and other animals; they were painted in different bright colors. Later, when the holiday lost its significance, the craft not only survived, but also received further development.
Dymkovo toy is a handmade product. Each toy is the creation of one master. Making a toy from modeling to painting is a creative process that is never repeated. There are not and cannot be two absolutely identical products.
For the production of Dymkovo toys, local bright redclay , thoroughly mixed with finebrown river sand . The figures are sculpted in parts, individual parts are assembled and sculpted using liquid red clay as a binding material. Traces of molding are smoothed out to give the product a smooth and neat surface.
After complete drying for two to fifty days and firing at a temperature of 700-900 °C, the toys are coveredtempera white in two or three layers (previously whitewashing was carried outchalk , diluted in milk). Previously, toys were paintedtempera paints mixed with eggs andkvass using sticks and feathers instead of brushes. The painted toy was again coated with beaten egg, which made it fadeaniline dyes shine and brightness. Today, aniline dyes and soft dyes are used for painting.core brushes The use of a wide range of colors, in which there is a lot of red, yellow, blue, green, scarlet, gives the Dymkovo toy a special brightness and elegance. Strictly geometricornament is built according to a variety of compositional schemes: cells, stripes, circles, dots are applied in various combinations. The decoration is completed with rhombus toys made ofsweated or gold leaf , pasted over the pattern.
The most common subjects: nannies with children,water carriers , rams with golden horns, turkeys, roosters, deer, young people,buffoons , ladies .
Filimonovskaya toy
Filimonovskaya toy - Filimonova village, Odoev, Odoevsky district, Tula region.
The toy craft arose on the basis of local pottery in the mid-19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century. faded away and was restored in the 1960s. with the help of old craftswomen. The main type of products are whistles of traditional shapes (lady, rider, horse, bear, etc.). They are characterized by elongated proportions associated with the plastic properties of the local “sinika” clay. When fired, the clay gives a white surface, onto which color painting with characteristic rhythmic stripes is applied.
According to local legends, the village was named after the potter Philemon, who discovered deposits of high-grade clay. To this day, Filimonov toys are characterized by elongated shapes and a major, unusually bright painting of a solid color, with alternating colored stripes of scarlet, crimson, yellow and green. In the village of Filimonovo, it was mainly women who made toys. Men made dishes here: nearby there were deposits of especially plastic clay. Sculpting and painting techniques were passed down from grandmothers to granddaughters. Granddaughters who sculpted toys were called whistles here. Finished toys were taken to be sold at fairs, and the proceeds from the sale were set aside for a dowry. So the “whistles” were rich brides.
Gorodets painting
Gorodets painting- This is one of the traditional decorative crafts and ranks among the highest achievements of Russian folk art.
You will never confuse with anything the joyful colors of Gorodets painting, its black horses with a hooked leg and swan neck, its birds with outlandish tails in the shape of a butterfly wing. Horses are always depicted in profile, and people are always depicted from the front. And all this is surrounded by luxurious flower garlands.
Gorodets painting is symbolic. Horse it contains a symbol of wealth, bird - a symbol of happiness, and flowers - health and prosperity in business. The subjects of ancient Gorodets painting werehorse riders, young ladies in crinolines, weddings, feasts, tea partiesand other solemn scenes from the life of the townspeople. But from the fact that all this was depicted by peasant artists, an extremely unique painting style was created, in which the pomp and pretentiousness of urban elements are naively mixed with the innocence and sincerity characteristic of the common people.
In this section we will tell you about the history, elements, subjects and techniques of Gorodets painting. These will be the simplest truths, but you need to understand them well and not violate them when you start painting.
Khokhloma painting.
Golden Khokhloma- one of the ancient originalRussian folk crafts , which has been shaping the way of life and lifestyle of entire generations for centuries and is an integral part of Russian culture. A special feature of Khokhloma craft is the production of gilded wooden utensils without the use of precious metal and a unique herbal painting. The symbol of Khokhloma painting was the fiery firebird, decorated with bright flowers. The capital of Golden Khokhloma is rightfully considered the city of Semenov, located 80 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma fishing dates back more than three centuries. It originated in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region and came from icon painting. This was a time of extensive settlement of the Nizhny Novgorod lands by various people, among whom were “Old Believers” - opponents of the church reforms of Patriarch Nikon. They knew the secret of gilding icons using silver metal and linseed oil - drying oil. Wooden icons were covered with a layer of silver, ground into powder, after which they were oiled and then placed in the oven. After hardening, the icon acquired a new golden color. Subsequently, with the advent of cheaper tin, this method was also used for dishes. Thus, starting from the 17th century, painted wooden dishes from Trans-Volga masters were famous throughout Russia. “Great” dishes were made to special orders in small batches from different types of wood, different shapes and artistic finishes, and were intended to be given as gifts to distinguished guests and foreign ambassadors.
On the territory of the enterprise there is a monument to the legendary Semyon the Spooner. The sculptural image is a tribute to all the working people of the Volga region, those who worked tirelessly, developing their craft. Nizhny Novgorod dishes were traded at the great marketplace - the Makaryevskaya Fair, later the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, in Moscow and other parts of Russia. Since the 60s of the 19th century, Khokhloma dishes and furniture have been constantly exhibited at domestic and foreign exhibitions. After the 1889 World Exhibition in Paris, the export of Khokhloma products increased sharply. Skillfully carved and painted dishes appeared on the markets of Western Europe, Central Asia, Persia, and India.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian Khokhloma products penetrated into remote cities of America, Australia and even Africa. The assortment was very diverse. They made various dishes: spoons, dishes, plates, barrels, supplies and salt shakers, mugs, glasses, boxes, canes, snuff boxes and even furniture in the Russian style - tables with baluster legs, tower cabinets. Buyers have always appreciated the lightness and strength of Khokhloma products and the beauty of painting. In the 19th century, its motifs were quite simple: cups were decorated with belts of geometric figures, but by the end of the century the painting became more complex. Curly ornaments with golden flowers and leaves of rounded shapes were created on large items to order; items for sale in the city were painted with patterns in the spirit of chintz scarves, antique prints or ornaments of handwritten books.
The most common and favorite was the “herbal” letter. Already in the 30s of the 20th century, a new Khokhloma ornament was created based on the best traditions of painting. Modern painting has been enriched with NEW motifs, has become thinner and more complex in color and composition, and the technique of execution has also become more complex.
Dymkovo toy.
Dymkovo clay toy is one of the most striking and original folk crafts of the Vyatka region. For four centuries, Dymkovo toys reflected the life and lifestyle of many generations of craftsmen.
The craft originated in the Vyatka settlement beyond the river Dymkovo, hence the name of the toy. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles made for the annual spring festival “Whistlers,” held “in honor of those killed” in the 1418 battle between the Vyatchans and Ustyuzhans near the walls of the Khlynovsky Kremlin.
Entire families made the toy in Dymkovo. In the summer they dug and kneaded clay, pounded lump chalk by hand and ground lump chalk in paint grinders, from autumn to spring they sculpted, dried, fired the products, closer to “Svistunya” they whitewashed them with chalk diluted in skimmed cow’s milk, painted them with egg paints, and decorated them with diamonds of golden leaf.
Over four hundred years of existence and development of the Dymkovo craft, traditional themes, plots and images have developed in it, the expressive means inherent in very plastic red pottery clay, simple (geometric design) painting patterns, in which red, yellow, and blue predominate, have been displayed and consolidated. , green colors. Halftones and imperceptible transitions are generally alien to the Dymkovo toy. All of it is an overflowing fullness of the feeling of the joy of life.
The bright, elegant Dymkovo toy does not like “loneliness”. Often the craftswomen of the Dymkovo craft create entire thematic compositions in which there is a place for both people and animals, both animate and inanimate objects. Not only a person, a horse, a dog or a deer can appear before the audience, but also a tree, a decorative fence, a stroller, a sleigh, a Russian stove...
Nowadays, the Dymkovo toy is rightfully considered a real symbol of the Vyatka region. It is not like any other ceramic toy: Kargapol, Kovrov, Filimonov. To this day, the Dymkovo toy is made by hand. Each Dymkovo toy is a unique work of art from modeling to painting. The craftswomen say it right: “There are not and cannot be two identical products.”
By the way, not only traditional clay products, but also the Dymkovo craftswomen themselves constitute the heritage of the Vyatka Land.
In the 19th century, from 30 to 50 families of toy makers lived and worked in the settlement of Dymkovo. Entire dynasties were formed - Nikulins, Penkins, Koshkins... The shape and proportions, color and ornament in their products had their own characteristics. At this time, Dymkovo toys were single figures of people, animals, birds, whistles, carrying ancient images - people’s ideas about the world.
Nevertheless, in the 20th century a serious threat to the existence of the Dymkovo fishery arose. The production of hand-made toys began to decline and no longer fed the craftswomen as before. Even hereditary craftswomen stopped working, concentrating on finding other income. As a result, workshops for the production of cheaper gypsum products appeared in the settlement of Dymkovo, which, however, were in great demand both among the local population and in other cities. Some of the toy makers worked part-time “on casts”, painting them. Only one craftswoman continued to sculpt toys from clay in the old fashioned way. This was Anna Afanasyevna Mezrina (1853 - 1938). It was her work that became the connecting thread between the past and future of the Dymkovo craft, a classic for modern craftswomen.
A decisive role in the fate of the entire craft, and therefore in the private fates of individual toy makers, was played by the Vyatka landscape artist, an expert in the Dymkovo craft, Alexey Ivanovich Denshin (1893 - 1948). From the age of fifteen, he became interested in the handicrafts of Dymkovo women, being able to discern real art in their works. He sketched their toys and studied the work process.
After the revolution of 1917, Alexey Denshin continued to actively study and promote the Dymkovo fishery. Trying to attract the attention of the new authorities to original folk art, the artist created handwritten albums “Vyatka clay toy in drawings” (1917), “Vyatka clay toy. Elegant dolls" (1919), "Vyatka ancient clay toys" (1926).
At the same time, Alexey Denshin collected and took collections of Dymkovo toys to museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This activity soon bore fruit. The general public learned about the interesting Vyatka fishery. Its development received impetus.
In the 1930s, through the efforts of Alexei Denshin, Kirov artists took the Dymkovo craft under their wing, and craftswomen were given the opportunity to donate toys to the Kirov Artist partnership.
In 1939, a team of Dymkovo craftswomen took part in decorating the hall of the Kirov region at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow. This decorative innovation significantly expanded the creative possibilities of traditional crafts and showed its ability to successfully go beyond the boundaries of round sculpture into a planar solution. This is how the Dymkovo relief was born, which became one of the favorite types of products of Dymkovo craftswomen of the second half of the twentieth century.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Dymkovo fishery was abandoned again. The Kirov Association of Artists, to which the Dymkovo craftswomen belonged, was dissolved, and the Dymkovo women were left without work. However, soon the optimistic Dymkovo toy began to enjoy success again. Evacuees happily bought it in local stores. In 1942, production of the Dymkovo toy was resumed.
In 1943, a turning point in the course of the war, events took place that were also important for the Dymkovo craft: in the All-Union Children's Toy Competition, Dymkovo craftswomen under the leadership of Alexei Denshin received first prize, and on July 9 of the same year, craftswomen Koshkina, Penkina and Konovalov became members of the Union of Artists THE USSR. In addition, it was decided to resume apprenticeships in the industry.
Already in the next 1944, the All-Union Cooperative Partnership “Artist” determined the status of the Dymkovo toy as export, which obligated to strengthen control over the quality of the toy and stimulate the artistic and creative initiative of the masters.
In the immediate post-war period, the country turned even more widely to the joyful creativity of Dymkovo craftswomen, funds were allocated to improve their working conditions and to train young people. Unfortunately, at the same time, the older generation of craftswomen passed away, and Alexey Denshin also passed away.
Nevertheless, the work he carried out and the given impulse provided sufficient forward movement in the further development of the fishery.
Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Dymkovo toy is a truly complex and multifaceted phenomenon. The works of modern craftswomen are characterized by thematic diversity, narrative language, brightness, and careful elaboration of details and ornaments. Traditional elements are also obvious, linking this toy with the products of craftswomen of the past.
Nowadays, a whole generation of modern Dymkovo craftswomen (about 20 people) working in the Kirov city branch of the All-Russian creative public organization “Union of Artists of Russia - “Folk artistic craft “Dymkovo Toy”” is engaged in preserving the ancient Vyatka craft. Among them are Lydia Falaleeva, Nina Bornyakova, Valentina Borodina, Lyudmila Vereshchagina and a number of other outstanding craftswomen.
Since October 2000, this organization has owned the Rospatent Certificate for the Trademark (service mark) and the name of the product - Dymkovo toy.
The development of the Dymkovo heritage continues outside the creative association “Folk Art Craft “Dymkovo Toy”. Another successor to the Dymkovo toy tradition is the traditional Vyatka clay toy. As a rule, these are works created in general in the traditions of the Dymkovo toy, but do not have such status, officially granted by the decision of the artistic council operating under the “Dymkovo Toy” Folk Art Craft. Many craftswomen who have extensive work experience in the industry work individually. Among them there are also members of the Union of Artists of Russia. Honored artists of Russia - Dymkovo craftswomen Valentina Petrovna Plemyannikova, Nadezhda Petrovna Trukhina and Lyudmila Nikolaevna Dokina - are actively engaged in creative work.
Currently, the Vyatka Center for Folk Arts and Crafts LLC is also working to preserve and develop the traditions of the ancient Dymkovo toy. Ten craftswomen with extensive experience in creating Dymkovo toys collaborate at the “Vyatka” Center for Folk Arts and Crafts, seven of them are members of the Union of Artists of Russia. The enterprise has an artistic expert council designed to protect the peculiarities of the Dymkovo craft and guide the work of young craftswomen. At the same time, the leadership of the “Vyatka” Center for Folk Arts and Crafts supports the active creative work of craftswomen, their collective and personal exhibitions regularly become part of all-Russian and international exhibitions.
To more accurately designate the Dymkovo products produced by the craftswomen of the “Vyatka” Center for Folk Arts and Crafts, the management of the “Vyatka” Center for Folk Arts and Crafts uses the name “Dymkovo clay toy”. This name, on the one hand, allows us to maintain an indication of the continuity of centuries-old traditions of the craft, and on the other hand, not to resort to the use of the name “Dymkovo toy” previously registered by the organization “Folk Art Craft “Dymkovo Toy”.
History of the Filimonovskaya toy
The name of the fishery was given by the village of Filimonovo, located near the city of Odoev in the Tula region. Almost nothing is known about the history of the creation of the Filimonov toy. Local residents, when asked about its origin, answer that toys have been made in their village from time immemorial.
There is a beautiful legend about the potter Filimon, who, persecuted by the authorities, came to these lands back in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It is believed that it was he who gave rise to the history of the Filimonov toy.
The first mentions of the village date back to the 16th century, but they already contain information about the making of toys. The ornament of Filimonov whistles, according to most scientists, dates back to pre-Christian forms of Slavic pagan cult.
The figurines are kept, in addition to the question of the history of the creation of the Filimonovskayatoys, many more mysteries and secrets. The main one is the symbolism that has not yet been deciphered. At first glance, these are just clay whistles, but in fact they carry important information.
The most famous toy makers are considered to be the generations of the Derbenevs, Evdokimovs, Zaitsevs, Karpovs, and Maslennikovs. The tradition of the Filimonov toy was not forgotten in Soviet times. A folk craft workshop was created, its craftswomen were even awarded VDNKh diplomas.
Today toys are made at factories in Shchekino and Novomoskovsk. Gradually, the production of Filimonov toys is returning from workshops to homes.
Gzhel
Gzhel clay has special qualities: high plasticity and refractoriness. It is oily, that is, there is little sand in it. The accumulated clay undergoes thorough primary processing: freezing, soaking, kneading. Clay is a living material!
What to model from clay? Here the master (or rather his creative imagination) “gives birth” to the image of the future product. It materializes in the form of a pencil sketch and is painted with the pattern conceived by the artist. Next, a plasticine model is made, from which a plaster mold is cast. The finished plaster is cut lengthwise into two halves. Through rubber hoses with pistols, the raw material is poured - purified clay (slip) - diluted to the state of thick cream. This is what foundry workers do. On hard slip, the seams from the connectors are cleaned until smooth by the rimmers. This is molding.
Then - everything is in the oven! The first firing is carried out at t-900˚. Next is painting. Initially, the drawing invented by the artist is transferred in dots to the product in the painting workshop, which is placed on a rotating tournette and the pattern is recreated with precise movements. You can’t go wrong – the porous shard immediately absorbs paint!
Painter's tools - brushes, glass palette, spatula for mixing paints, jar with black mixture (cobalt oxide). Cobalt is a special ceramic paint that is initially soot black and becomes bright blue only after firing. There is only one paint, but you need to achieve the fullness of cornflower blue shades. Gzhel craftsmen count over 20 shades of blue, which are obtained after firing. Imagine what a sense of color you need to have!
Gzhel painting is considered underglaze, i.e., a simply fired shard is painted first, therefore, after applying the design, the product is dipped into the glaze, and then sent back to the oven for the second final firing at t -1350˚. There the glaze becomes transparent like glass, and the cobalt changes color.
“Lingerie” is a porcelain form without painting.
“Krytyo” is a blue painting on a white background.
Gzhel painting is divided into three types. The main thing is grass, cereals, berries, twigs, leaves, bouquets and garlands of flowers. In addition to roses, poppies, dahlias, lilies, peonies, asters, carnations, and daisies are depicted. Their form is a little conventional. This is a plant painting.
Ornamental. First of all, these are checkerboards - several rows of blue and white squares along the side and a tie-down belt also along the side. Artists also painted the famous Gzhel nets - “combs” (in the shape of a spruce), “droplets”, “pearls”, “antennae”. Using a brush with hard bristles, a marbled pattern is applied. It fills the space inside, for example, wavy lines, or a star, a circle at the bottom of a plate.
Plots. This is nature and the seasons. These are scenes of city life, rural landscapes and everyday life, etc. These are characters from Russian fairy tales: Blue Birds, Polkans, Sirin's birds, various Mermaids, Bayun Cats, etc.
Gorodets painting and wood carving
Gorodets wood painting- a unique phenomenon of Russian national culture. This folk art combines the features of the artistic originality of folk painting, the roots of which go back centuries.
The history of the unique plot painting goes back more than a century and a half. In their compositions, peasant artists discovered a unique figurative world.
Gorodets painting is one of the most famousarts and crafts Russia, the brightest phenomenon of the so-called “naive” art. No wonder one of the French art critics said that such things should be in the Louvre.
Among the most common subjects of painting are festivities, tea parties, the famous Gorodets horse and rider, and folk holidays. The painting is saturated with the richness of the colors of the Russian summer with its meadow herbs, illuminated by the bright midday sun, as if flooding the lush garlands of flowers and fancy birds with dazzling light.
Throughout the history of the craft, folk artists have created an original painting system, found unique images and developed a rich arsenal of techniques for painting the details of the plot and ornamental elements.
The history of JSC “Gorodets Painting” as an enterprise of folk art crafts begins in 1937, when the “Stakhanovets” artel was created on the basis of a collective workshop. In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Gorodets Painting factory. At the same time, the revival of Gorodets story painting began.
Currently the enterprise is privately owned. It employs 300 people. The factory's artists are high-class masters. Many of them are members of the Union of Artists of Russia. Their works are exhibited at numerous Russian and foreign exhibitions and are acquired by museums, private galleries and collectors.
Today, the Gorodets Painting factory produces a diverse range of products with traditional ornamental, subject painting and wood carvings. These are bread bins, cakes and cutting boards, multi-item kitchen sets, sets for tea and spices, supplies, boxes, salt shakers, caskets, decorative wall panels. The children's furniture produced by the company is varied: tables, chairs, benches, beds, cabinets, hangers. Numerous toys for children, among which the rocking horse, decorated with paintings in the traditional color scheme for this craft, is in particular demand. Products with Gorodets painting not only have decorative qualities, but also have a utilitarian purpose. They are able to create an atmosphere of a special style in the interior of an apartment, cottage or any public space (cultural institution, kindergarten, lyceum school, leisure center, room and workshops for folk arts and crafts). Author's products made by artists of the creative laboratory are popular. Each of them is a unique work of art, amazing with the imagination of the author - artist. It is these products that attract the attention of true connoisseurs and connoisseurs of folk art. The factory produces products made in the traditions of Gorodets solid wood carving. This tradition comes from ancient house carvings, examples of which are presented in the collections of the largest museums in Russia.
The basis of Gorodets carving is a floral ornament with the inclusion of various inscriptions and dates, as well as images of lions and fairy-tale creatures (beregins, pharaohs). Artists also use bracketed, tinted carvings and stained oak inlays. At the enterprise, skillful carvings decorate boxes, small panels, icon frames, gingerbread boards (for printing gingerbread cookies), and small sculptures. Master carvers work on carved icons, using artistic techniques derived from the art of ancient Rus'. The products of the carvers are distinguished by their virtuosity of execution and are marked by the nobility of their artistic manner.
In a short time, an icon-painting workshop was created at the “Gorodets Painting” and the painting of icons began. The iconography of the local masters received the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II and Metropolitan Nicholas of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas. Icons in the Gorodets Gorodets Painting workshop are made in strict accordance with the technology of ancient icon painting using natural dyes, seasoned wood and compliance with the visual canon of icon painting samples from the Holy Scriptures. Every year new products appear at the company. The maintenance of the traditions of ancient painting is overseen by the artistic council. The company also carries out orders for the production of souvenirs, toys, carved items, decorative elements for the interior and exterior of private houses, veneer products, and the supply of lumber.
At the Gorodets Painting factory there is a museum where you can get acquainted with the history of the craft and see unique works of masters.
Appendix 3
Didactic games on decorative and applied arts
Didactic game: “Find the odd one out.”
Task:
- Educational
- Learn to find items of a certain craft among those offered.
- fluttering
- Develop attention, observation, speech-proof.
- Develop thinking, aesthetic perception
- Educational
- Management:
4-5 items are exhibited. You should find the extra one and explain why, what subject it relates to, what is characteristic of it.
Didactic game: “What has changed.”
Tasks:
- Educational
- Learn to analyze, find differences in the patterns of different objects and be able to explain.
- Developmental:
- To consolidate the idea of any painting;
- Develop observation, attention, memory and reaction speed.
- Educational:
- Foster love and respect for folk craftsmen
- Management:
The teacher places five objects (cards with images) of various paintings in front of the children. Having carefully examined them, remembering the location, the children turn away. The teacher changes objects (cards) places or removes some. Children must guess what has changed.
Didactic game: “Art Salon”.
Tasks:
- Educational:
- Teach orally, describe the selected subject
- Developmental:
- Develop concentration, speech-description
- Educational:
- Foster love and respect for folk craftsmen
- Management:
Items are displayed on shelves. The seller is selected. The rest are buyers. They select the item to purchase and accurately describe it to the seller.
Didactic game: “The Mystery of the Magic Caps.”
Tasks:
- Educational:
- Learn to talk about the object that was discovered.
- Developmental:
- To consolidate children’s knowledge about the types of decorative and applied arts known to them;
- Develop speech, thinking, attention.
- Educational:
- Foster love and respect for folk craftsmen
- Management:
Find out what's under the hood (“reveal the secret”) and receive an incentive badge, which contains an assessment of the correctness of problem solving.
Didactic game: “Make a matryoshka doll.”
Tasks:
- Educational:
- Learn to compare objects with one another.
- Developmental:
- To consolidate children's knowledge about the Russian nesting doll;
- Distinguish the color elements of the painting.
- Educational:
- Cultivate a love for Russian folk toys.
- Management:
Find the corresponding half of the matryoshka doll
Progress of the game:
The lower halves of the nesting dolls are placed on the table, and the children, holding the upper halves, compare by color, size, and connect the ones they need. Whoever recovered faster won.
Didactic game: “Guess the toy.”
Tasks:
- Educational:
- Learn to group, summarize, analyze.
- Developmental:
- To consolidate children's knowledge about three types of toys;
- Develop thinking and aesthetic perception.
- Educational:
- Foster love and respect for folk craftsmen.
- Management:
1. Invite children to choose pictures depicting (Dymkovo, Filimonov) toys.
2. Suggest that the pictures be divided into three groups by type.
Didactic game: Lotto “Match a pattern to a toy.”
Tasks:
- Educational:
- Teach children to correctly find elements of Dymkovo painting and select them for outfits.
- Developmental:
- To develop in children a desire to study the art of the Russian people.
- Educational:
- Foster love and respect for Russian folk toys.
- Management:
Arrange the chips so that they match the appearance of a particular toy.
Appendix 4
Poems and riddles about Dymka.
water bearer
Behind the icy water
Waterbearer - young lady
Like a swan floats
Carries red buckets
Slowly on the yoke.
Look how good she is
This girl is beautiful
Tight black braid
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit:
The kokoshnik sits proudly,
Like a swan floats
Sings a quiet song.
***
“...Smoke comes out of the pipes in a column,
It’s like everything is in a haze,
Blue distances
And the large village was named “Dymkovo”.
They loved songs and dances there,
Miracles were born there - fairy tales,
And they sculpted there from clay
All toys are not simple,
And magically - painted,
Snow-white like birch trees
Circles, squares, stripes -
A seemingly simple pattern
But I can’t look away.”
***
Merry white clay,
Circles, stripes on it,
Goats and lambs are funny,
A herd of colorful horses.
Nurses and water bearers,
Both the riders and the guys,
Dogs, hussars and fish,
Well, guess who I am.
***
The horse is running
The whole earth is shaking.
In the field there is grass - an ant,
Lying prone.
***
Cockerel, cockerel,
golden comb,
Through a dark forest
Through the forest, across the river
Shout: “Ku-ka-re-ku.”
***
Look what they are!
Both elegant and new:
Painted sleigh,
Bear with an accordion,
Soldier with a mustache.
Goat - golden horns
Yes, a doll in earrings.
Colorful, bright, glorious gifts!
Nanny
The nanny is wearing a kokoshnik,
In Vanya's arms.
Vanya is both good and handsome,
Don't forget the nanny when you grow up.
Turkey
Here is a smart turkey,
He's all so good
At the big turkey
All sides are painted.
Surprised everyone with the outfit
He spread his wings importantly.
Look, bushy tail,
It’s not at all simple for him -
Just like a sunny flower.
And the tall comb
A red mountain of grief,
Like a king's crown.
The turkey is fabulously beautiful,
And pompous, proud,
Looks down on everyone around
An important bird is the turkey.
Poems about Gzhel.
Blue and white dishes,
Tell me, where are you from?
Apparently she came from afar
And blossomed with flowers:
Blue, blue,
Delicate, beautiful.
***
In the quiet Moscow region
The Gzhelochka River runs.
Along this river
The village is standing.
Willow thickets run along the river.
Craftsmen live in that village.
They make painted dishes.
They work miracles in blue and white.
***
There is such a place in the Moscow region
White grove, blue river.
In this quiet Russian nature
The echo of magical melodies is heard.
And the spring water brightens,
And the breath of the wind is more audible;
Gzhel cornflower blooms,
Forget-me-not Gzhel...
Poems and riddles about Gorodets.
The boards are made from linden,
And spinning wheels and spoons...
Painted with flowers
It's like half-shaks.
There are horsemen galloping dashingly,
It's hot - birds are flying high
And the dots are black and white
They sparkle in the sun.
***
Oh, Russia, you are Russia,
Glory has not diminished
To the townspeople you are, to the townspeople
She became famous throughout the world.
***
Our Russia is great
And our people are talented,
About our native Rus', craftsmen
Word spreads all over the world.
***
I'll say hello to you
And your gifts
From my dear side,
Where do cranes live?
From the places where the Volga is washed,
Where is the golden dawn
Where the willows are washed
Blue water.
***
In Gorodets we have all the doors,
The entire kindergarten is in Gorodets.
We all love Gorodets,
Everyone is in the garden: both old and young.
Leaves, chambers and koi,
Roosters, starlings, flowers,
Gorodets patterns,
Unprecedented beauty.
Poems about Filimonov toys.
Whistles - cockerels,
Clay bunnies,
Black horses
Painted manes!
Everyone loves clay games.
Deer
Stands on slender legs,
All the beauty is in the horns.
Poems about Khokhloma.
Our dishes for cabbage soup and porridge
Doesn't break, doesn't break,
Is not subject to any damage
Here's a bowl, pour some okroshka,
Take a spoon and slurp a little.
Who needs dishes for porridge and okroshka?
Miracle - a dish and cups, spoons?
Where are the dishes from?
Golden Khokhloma itself has come to you!
****
Outside the window, snowstorms and frosts are crackling,
And in the hut the craftswomen sit at their palettes.
Not a flower, not a blade of grass
In the gray winter forest,
Only dry blades of grass do not bend the wind in spring.
The flame licks the wood and the heat from the stove,
Like a summer clearing
Bloomed in their eyes.
The brush is bathed in paint,
Here I snuggled once,
And a golden curl flashed on the dishes.
The titmouse will chirp loudly
Behind frozen glass,
The brush paints eyelashes
Next to that is a curl.
And the dry blades of grass
Under a cheerful brushstroke
Turned into blades of grass
The tendril curls at a crawl.
The colors shine so brightly
Golden Khokhloma,
What's in her warm rays
We are warming up.
Municipal state preschool educational institution kindergarten "Rodnichok"
Novosibirsk region Ubinsky district village. Krugloozernoe
Teacher of the 1st qualification category Mikhalkova Anna Nikolaevna
Project type: informational - creative;
Project duration: long-term;
Project participants: children of the senior preparatory group,
parents of pupils, teacher.
Relevance of the project: due to the great importance
education of moral and patriotic feelings in preschool children
in modern society.
Project hypothesis: if you introduce preschoolers to
folk crafts of Russia, the skills of Russian craftsmen and
Russian folklore, then this will allow our children to feel
to feel part of the Russian people, to feel proud of their country,
rich in glorious traditions.
Objective of the project: developing children's cognitive interest in
Russian folk culture through familiarization with folk crafts
and organization of artistic, productive and creative activities.
Project objectives:
Introduce children to folk crafts;
Promote the development of a child’s speech: enrich vocabulary,
increase expressiveness of speech;
Develop individual emotional manifestations in all
types of activities;
Carry out the moral and aesthetic development of the child’s personality;
Develop the ability to see the beauty of applied products
creativity, form aesthetic taste;
Develop children's artistic creativity skills;
Organizational stage
Preparation of materials:
Selection of visual and didactic materials (thematic
pictures with elements of artistic painting);
Preparation of material to familiarize children with folk crafts;
Selection of works of folklore, poems on the theme of folk crafts;
Preparation of materials for organizing creative activities of children;
Project implementation methods:
The project was implemented through the following types of joint activities:
Cognitive activity
Speech activity
Artistic and creative activities
Play activity
Cognitive activity:
1. Thematic conversations:
- “Filimonov toys”
- “Dymkovo toys”
- “Golden Khokhloma”
- “Blue Gzhel”
- “Funny nesting dolls”
- “Gorodets painting”.
2. View illustrations: “Gzhel”, “Golden Khokhloma”,
“Dymkovo Masters”, “Filimonov Toys”, “Merry Matryoshkas”,
"Gorodets painting"
Speech activity:
1. Reading works of folklore on the topic of folk crafts;
2. Learning the poems “Matryoshka”, “Dymkovo Toy”,
“Gzhel Patterns”, “Golden Khokhloma”
Artistic and creative activities:
1. Examination of albums and visual demonstration material;
2. Drawing “Filimonov toys”;
3. Modeling from salt dough “Dymkovo horses”;
4. Modeling nesting dolls;
5. Drawing “Golden Khokhloma”;
6.Drawing “Painting – Frosty patterns of Gzhel”;
7. Drawing “Painting boards. Gorodets painting."
Working with parents:
Parents were offered:
1. Help children learn poetry;
2. Take an active interest in the child’s activities in the group.
Generalization stage
1. Design of an exhibition of children's drawings and crafts;
2. Project presentation
Project effectiveness:
As a result of comprehensive work to involve children
children have a desire for decorative and applied arts
learn more about the work of Russian masters and the life of a Russian
people. Children independently began to distinguish the styles of famous
types of decorative painting, learned to create expressive patterns
on paper. Thus, the theme of decorative and applied arts
in kindergarten is very interesting and multifaceted, it helps to develop
not only a creative personality, but also fosters integrity
in children, love for their native land, for their country as a whole.
Informational resources:
V.N.Volchkova N.V.Stepanova Cognitive development.
Lesson notes for the senior group of kindergarten. T.Ts.Teacher
Voronezh, 2006.
I.A.Lykova Visual activities in the preparatory group
kindergarten. T.Ts. Sphere Moscow 2010.
3. Internet resources.
Dymkovo toy. Horses.
Frosty patterns "Gzhel"
Golden Khokhloma.
Wooden toys: “Spoons and nesting dolls.”
Modeling Matryoshka.
Final lesson “Traveling through the cities of masters”
Dymkovo.
Filimonovo.
Gzhel.
Gorodets.
Khokhloma.
The wind came and mixed everything up. Help put all the crafts in their places.