Natural features of Brazil. Brazil: characteristics of natural conditions and resources
The largest country in Latin America is Brazil. Having significant natural resources, the state is in a difficult economic situation.
Geographical characteristics
Brazil is located on the continent of South America and is the fifth largest country in the world by area. Its territory is 8.5 million square km.
Brazil borders most countries on the continent. Its neighbors are: French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay.
The territory of the state of Brazil includes the islands: Sao Paulo, Trinidadi e Martin Vas, Fernando de Noronha, Rocas.
The population of Brazil exceeds 200 million people. According to racial composition data, the majority of people come from mixed marriages.
Nature
Mountains and waterfalls
The mountains of Brazil occupy a relatively small part of the territory and are represented by the Guiana and Brazilian Highlands. The heights of individual peaks of mountain systems reach an altitude of 2,890 m above sea level, in particular Mount Bandeira, which belongs to the Brazilian Highlands. There are low hills, steep cliffs with cliffs, and plateaus.
The features of the topography and dense river network determined the presence of many waterfalls in Brazil. Many of them are located in national parks, for example, the waterfall on the Iguazu River in the gorge nicknamed the “Devil's Throat”. The height of the falling column of water is 80 m.
Also among the famous and popular waterfalls among tourists are: Caracol, Angel, Salto Floriano, San Martin, etc...
Rivers and lakes
The most famous river flowing through Brazil is the Amazon.
Other major rivers in the country include the Paranaiba, Rio Grande, Uruguay and Paraguay, as well as San Francisco.
The Amazon is suitable for navigation with its tributaries located in the western and eastern parts of the country, as well as small sections of rivers flowing through the plateau.
The rivers have rapids, the water level in them is not constant, and there are significant differences, even to the point of floods.
Most lakes in Brazil are located in river basins. The largest in Latin America is Lagoa Mirin.
Another lake, Patus, is the world's largest shallow body of water. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a sandbar.
Interesting lakes that form exclusively during the rainy season are fresh water reservoirs in the Lencois Maranhenses National Park. Their lifespan is only 4 months, but during this period fish, crabs, etc. manage to appear here...
The ocean surrounding Brazil
On the eastern side, the country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The length of the ocean coast of Brazil is almost 7.5 thousand km. Throughout the year, the sea temperature remains approximately in the same range, 20 - 25 degrees Celsius with a plus sign.
Direct access to the ocean influenced history and continues to regulate the economic life of the state.
Today, the coastline, in addition to well-maintained beaches and resort areas, has large ports, whose territories occupy up to ten kilometers. Some of them are city-forming enterprises...
Plants and animals of Brazil
In the Amazon basin, the flora of Brazil is represented by evergreen moist equatorial forests with valuable tree species.
In the central part of the country there are savannas where shrubby plants grow. In the southern part of the country there are evergreen deciduous plants and mixed forests with coniferous araucaria.
Brazil is the country with the largest species diversity of primates, amphibians, reptiles and birds. According to these indicators, it is one of the five world leaders.
There is a problem in the country related to the threat of extinction of certain animal species. This mainly concerns the inhabitants of ecosystems that are being deforested...
Climate of Brazil
The country is located within the equatorial, subequatorial tropical and subtropical climate zones. It is characterized by a hot and humid climate. Temperatures throughout the year range from 16 to 29 degrees Celsius. Frosts are possible only in the eastern part of the state.
The amount of precipitation depends on the zone. There are regions with a drought period of up to 4 months. In general, temperature fluctuations across the country are insignificant. The exception is the central part of the Brazilian Plateau, where differences can reach 45 - 50 degrees...
Resources
Natural Resources of Brazil
The location of the state provides Brazil with significant reserves of natural resources. Their list includes wood materials, including valuable tree species, as well as iron ore, which not only meets the needs of the state, but is exported.
The presence of an extensive river network, as well as access to the sea, provides the country with fish and fresh seafood...
Industry and Agriculture of Brazil
In terms of GDP, Brazil is the leader among Latin American countries, but in reality it is experiencing serious economic difficulties, aggravated by corruption, social conflicts and the lack of adequate quality of services provided to the public.
The country produces cars, computers and components for them, petroleum products, as well as consumer goods. Aviation equipment, vehicles, as well as light industrial goods, such as textiles, shoes, and ready-made clothing, are exported.
Agriculture is developed in the country. The share of Brazilian products in the world market is 6%. The population is employed in the production of corn, salt, sugar cane, bananas, cocoa, coffee, etc.
Livestock farming is represented by cattle and accounts for 40% of all agricultural products...
Culture
Peoples of Brazil
The presence of colonialists in the country for a long time influenced the culture of citizens. The official language of Brazil is Portuguese, and other languages spoken here include French, Spanish, Italian and English. Most of the population is literate, 90% have an education.
More than half of the population professes Catholicism and about 20% are Protestants. Also present among religious movements are the beliefs of African cults brought by slaves from Africa...
Brazil's unrivaled nature and amazing ecotourism sites are some of the main reasons why thousands of tourists visit the country every year. In Brazil, every vacationer can find an interesting place for themselves, be it active excursion tours in the wilds of the Amazon jungle, or visiting the famous Iguazu Falls, or getting to know the extraordinary flora and fauna in the Pantanal, or a trip to the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, or visiting amazing with its vastness and beauty of the Lençúa Maranhão dunes.
Amazonia
Tourists will never be able to imagine the Amazon colorfully and authentically without visiting it. If you compare it, it is like another planet. Half of the oxygen on earth is produced in the Amazon jungle. In Brazil, the Amazon occupies a third of its area, but partially belongs to several other states. The fact is that this is a large plain, which is cut by multiple water streams and captured by wild impenetrable vegetation.
The Amazon ecosystem is unique. Even all-knowing botanists are not able to list all the representatives of the fauna and flora of this area, and many species are even endemic, that is, they exist only here. For example, on the surface of the bays one can see the green one and a half meter leaves of the Victoria Regia water lily, which is the largest in the world.
In some places the vegetation is so rich, and the trees are tall and dense, that sunlight never reaches the layer of fallen leaves. There are still “white spots” in the Amazon - these are places about which practically nothing is known. For researchers they are a paradise.
A trip to the Amazon is a chance to visit national parks and reserves, where you can not only enjoy untouched nature, but also meet the local people. Somewhere around two hundred Indian tribes, who speak fifty different languages, have preserved their customs, and some of them have not had contact with civilization for years.
In the center of this area flows the deepest and second longest river - the Amazon. It has numerous tributaries and carries over 20% of the planet's fresh water supply. There are many legends about this water empire, which has not yet revealed all its secrets. The Indians call her “Parana-Tingo”, which means “Queen of the Rivers”. The river is home to manatees, caimans, pink dolphins and about two thousand species of fish. In addition, a vacation in the Amazon involves traveling along this river by canoe, fishing and alligator hunting. Also, if you wish, you can see the “wedding of rivers” - this is an amazing phenomenon at the confluence of two tributaries of the Amazon - Rio Solimões and Rio Negro. The waters of these rivers flow side by side for several kilometers without mixing, and each has its own color: yellow and black.
Those who decide to travel to the Amazon will first see what they least expect - a thriving port city. Manaus is the center of the Amazon jungle and the starting point for all tourists. During the rubber boom, it was the most extravagant and rich city in the world, it was even called “Tropical Paris”. Nowadays it is a wonderful tourist center. Tours for every taste begin from Manaus. In addition, the stay itself can be made special by staying in a hotel right in the jungle.
Iguazu Falls
The most famous aquatic wonder of nature is Iguazu. Sounding streams of water, with a roar of falling, boiling and seething foam on the border of the ridge near the abyss. Mysterious refraction and flickering of light, astonishing rainbows that dance in the diamond mist of spray. The harmony of two hundred jets, the eternity of the universe and primeval imperturbable power. This is all about Iguazu Falls. It is unique in all respects. It is difficult to imagine, it seems impossible, and all the inhabitants of planet Earth dream of experiencing the emotions that this spectacle evokes. Iguazu is made up of a chain of 275 waterfalls, which form a horseshoe-shaped cascade of snow-white streams. It is wider than Victoria Falls because it is over three kilometers long. It is higher than Niagara Falls because its jets fall from a height of eighty meters.
The lucky ones who have chosen an excursion to Iguazu Falls begin to hear its noise several kilometers away, and then it grows into a real roar. The waterfall throws down about five thousand cubic meters of water per second, which is about a billion tons per day. Iguazu is included in the list of new wonders of the world. He is the most exciting and the most beautiful. The Iguazu Falls are shared between Brazil and Argentina. You can get as close as possible to the waterfall while in Argentina. But the best photographs are taken in Brazil, from where a delightful panorama is shown and you can see the most impressive parts of it. The beauty of the dancing streams of Iguazu can be appreciated almost everywhere - from the ground, from the air or from the water.
Many tourists enjoy the falls from observation decks or hiking trails. Thanks to them, you can admire Iguazu from top to bottom, walk along the suspended bridges and get so close that you can reach out with your hand to the famous “Devil’s Throat” stream.
If desired, a tour to Iguazu Falls can transform from a walk into an exciting and extreme journey. An exceptional pleasure awaits those who are ready to conquer the stormy river on a boat and boldly approach the very foot of the waterfalls. A helicopter excursion will help you enjoy not only the water element, but also imagine yourself as a bird soaring above the diamond spray. Jeep rides will allow you to see the green jungle in all its glory. And if you want to get the most out of your trip, then it’s also worth visiting the National Park, a hydroelectric power station, the ruins of the Jesuit Mission or the Bird Park. Communicating with nature will make the trip varied and vibrant.
Pantanal
A unique protected area, a wetland shrouded in dense flowering vegetation, is called the Pantanal. Here, rivers and lakes with crystal clear water provide refuge to rare species of birds. Nature lovers, fishermen, photographers, scientists and just people who are tired of the rhythms of modern city life will find peace here, watching the life of huge butterflies and birds, immersing themselves in the sounds of nature, as if dissolving in it. The Pantanal is home to 110 species of mammals, including large deer and jaguars, 50 species of reptiles, 242 species of fish, and 670 species of birds.
A visit to this area will also be of interest to fishermen, lovers of boating and horseback riding. One of the region's world-famous ecotourism centers is Bonito. It serves as a real find for those who strive for complete unity with nature. This is a land of lakes, rivers, waterfalls and caves that attracts tourists of all ages and interests. Bonito means “beautiful” in Portuguese and lives up to its name. Pristine nature, diversity of flora and fauna, caves, ancient trees, clear lakes and rivers have contributed to the transformation of Bonito into a significant tourist center in Brazil with developed infrastructure.
Now Bonito is a cozy city surrounded by greenery. It assumed the role of "gateway to the Pantanal". The city copes with it, welcoming thousands of tourists every year from Brazil and around the world. The Pantanal offers accommodation in lodges in both the Southern and Northern Pantanal. The lodges are located in the forests, which provides an opportunity not only to observe wildlife, but also to get to know the region as closely as possible.
Fernando de Noronha
The list of the most visited and favorite places of tourists from all over the world is headed by the Fernando de Noronha archipelago with many beaches, an incomparable landscape, rich flora and fauna. This territory was declared a World Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2002. The archipelago consists of more than twenty islands, of which only one is inhabited - this is the largest, which bears the same name as the entire archipelago. The average temperature on the islands is 28 C, from September to March the weather is dry, and from April to August is the rainy season and there may be showers, but after them the weather is sunny.
In the archipelago, much attention is paid to the development of ecotourism. Fernando de Noronha serves as one of the best places for diving and surfing. The island has a well-developed infrastructure, there is a post office, a bank, a police station, a hospital, a tourist information office, modern hotels, as well as cozy restaurants serving dishes whose main ingredients are seafood and fish. The most beloved national dish is shark meat pie called tubalhau. Also popular among tourists is a boat cruise along the coast of Brazil, which runs from October to February and includes, among other things, a visit to the archipelago.
Lensua Maranhao
A real piece of paradise and the most beautiful place in all of Brazil is Lençois Maranhão. It is a sea of sand dunes that occupy 70 km of coastline and extend 50 km inland. The dunes of Lençúa Maranhão are made up of countless ponds with green and blue water, which during the rainy season creates a contrast with the white sand of the dunes, reaching a height of up to 40 meters. The entire area of this amazing place belongs to the Lençúa Maranhão National Park, which was founded in 1981 to preserve 155 thousand hectares of this unique ecosystem. There are 2 oases on the territory, Baixa Grande and Queimada dos Britos, with mangrove trees growing along the banks. Here you can see sea turtles and crabs, as well as various migratory birds. The most favorable time to visit the dunes of Lençua Maranhão lasts from July to September, when the amount of sand formed between the blue and green lagoons is at its maximum. For tourists, this area offers exciting jeep rides, as well as an exciting trip along the Preguishas River.
population natural condition brazil
When describing the nature of Brazil, it should be noted that impenetrable forests occupy more than half of the country's territory.
Brazilian nature also includes an extraordinary diversity of flora and fauna. For example, of the 290 thousand plant species that exist on Earth, 90 thousand grow in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. Scientists claim that of the 1 million 400 thousand species of animals existing on the planet, 10% live in Brazil.
The Amazon is a unique fauna reserve, and the Pantanal, an endless kingdom of swamps inhabited by a variety of animals, is translated into Russian as “swampy area.”
The Pantanal is a legacy of the Quaternary period, a vast tectonic depression, remnants of an inland sea (which began to dry up 65 thousand years ago), bounded by the inaccessible mountain peaks of the Serra de Maracajou to the east, the Bolivian Chaco to the west and the Serra do Roncador to the north.
This territory lies in the center of the continent, and its area is equal to France, and the lands belong to two Brazilian states - Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay and Bolivia, but almost half of these vast territories lie within the borders of Brazil (see. Appendix, Fig. 1).
The Pantanal is characterized by a constant influx of water: streams, rivers, dams, lakes, interconnected, intersect, entangling the river channels. “No Man's Land” - this is how this area was rightly dubbed, a true kingdom of ornithologists and wildlife lovers who can observe here the life of birds, crocodiles, iguanas, jaguars, fallow deer, deer, otters, giant and dwarf ants, monkeys and tapirs.
The waters that feed the Pantanal come down from the surrounding mountains. They also give life to the Paraguay River, which runs south to the Atlantic Ocean. This area, whose Brazilian center is the city of Cuiaba, located on the border of the Amazon and the Pantanal, can only be visited from April to September. At other times of the year, when the rainy season begins here, it is practically inaccessible: mountain streams turn into rivers, land into islands where animals find shelter.
Over the centuries, nature in Brazil has retreated under the onslaught of large cities, the first of which was São Paulo. Groves were planted that changed the bioclimate, for example, in the area of the Ara Cruz pulp mill in the state of Espiritu Saitu, where the planting of eucalyptus trees, from the wood of which paper is made, acquired a truly industrial scale. The area is characterized by endless forests, the flora and fauna of which are extremely diverse. The most common bird species are parrots, toucans and seagulls. One of the most untouched areas south of Sao Paulo is a forest area of 35 thousand square meters. km, declared a national park in 1958.
Another is the Jureia mountain range, which means “protruding peak” in the Tupi-Guarani language, a huge mountain range that stretches to the coast of São Paulo. This is a real paradise with 40 km of pristine beaches. 400 species of medicinal plants grow here, and a large number of animals and birds live here. And all this is located 200 km from the chaotic metropolis of Sao Paulo.
Other areas, such as the Amazon, Pantanal and Mata Atlantica, offer endless natural diversity due to the prevailing microclimate.
The seasons in Brazil, with the exception of the northern region, are exactly the opposite of those in Europe. The country has three climatic zones: equatorial, tropical and subtropical.
The hottest region of Brazil is the northeast (equatorial climate type). Moderate heat is observed here from January to May, when average night temperatures are +22...+24, daytime +28...+30 degrees. And it is very hot from September to December, when the average night temperatures are about +25, daytime +32...+34 degrees. The driest months: August, September, October. In them, the number of days with precipitation is no more than 3. The rainy period lasts from January to May (up to 17 days per month with rain).
Most of the country's territory is located in a tropical climate. Moreover, the tropical climate on the plains differs from the tropical climate on the coast. The territory located in a flat area, such as the cities of Sao Paulo, Brasilia, and Belo Horizonte, is characterized by moderate temperatures. Here from May to September the average night temperatures are +11...+15, the average daytime temperatures are about +30. During the rest of the year, average night temperatures are +16...+18, average daytime temperatures are +27...+29. The least precipitation falls from May to September (no more than 3 days per month); during the rest of the year, the number of days with precipitation ranges from 16 in October to 24 in December.
The tropical coast, and these are the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Recife, is characterized by a hotter climate. In the coolest time (from May to September) average night temperatures are +17...+19, average daytime temperatures are +27...+28. It is very hot from January to March, when the average night temperatures are about +23, daytime temperatures are +31...+32 degrees. The driest months are winter. Their monthly precipitation is 40-50 mm. The rainiest period is from December to March (120-130 mm of precipitation per month). Air humidity on the coast is always high.
In the elevated areas of the country the climate is alpine. Here the temperature contrasts with altitude become more acute. In the south of the country (in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande de Sul) the climate is subtropical. The coolest time is from June to August. Average night temperatures are +11...+12, daytime temperatures +17...+19. The hottest time is January, February and March, when the average night temperatures are +20...+21, the average daytime temperatures are about +27...+29 degrees.
Precipitation falls more evenly than in the tropical and equatorial areas of the country; the number of days with rain during all months ranges from 10 to 12 days. The water temperature on the southeastern coast of Brazil from January to May is 27 degrees, from June to August 26 degrees, from September to October 27-28 degrees, in November and December it rises to +29.
The nature of Latin America is conducive to the development of both agriculture and industrial production. At the beginning of their colonial activity here, Europeans used vast territories only as plantations or for cattle breeding, that is, they were engaged in agriculture, paying minimal importance to industry. However, then it actively develops.
A. Uslar Pietri figuratively and succinctly characterized the relationship between man and nature in Latin America and in particular in Brazil: “Latin Americans have always been closely connected with nature: for them it was never just a background, it determined the very way of their life. The bulk of Latin America is located in tropical or subtropical zones, where the natural landscape plays an immeasurably greater role than in Europe. Not only the inaccessible mountain peaks of the Cordillera, but also the vast expanses of plains, unimaginable tracts of impenetrable forests and the grandeur of the deepest and most changeable rivers in the world - the entire nature of Latin America is unusually hostile and aggressive towards humans. The very immensity of this nature threatens him. The vegetation grows wildly and consumes everything. From time to time, floods turn the plains into inland seas. Just a few hours' journey separates the dense, humid forests from the harsh, barren highlands.
The people of Latin America have lived for centuries in open hostility to nature. Plants and animals constantly invaded his settlements. In Latin America, human relationships with natural space are characterized by dynamism and the constant presence of danger, unknown to Europeans. Man has failed to cope... with the shaking earth, with raging streams, with arid or swampy plains, with volcanoes spewing flames into the sky, with a constantly threatening and hostile animal world. The diverse Latin American culture is permeated by the belief that the white and black populations who came to the continent from outside have not yet found contact with nature.”
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The climate and geological structure of Brazil are two main factors
that determined the natural features of this huge country: 1/3 of the territory
occupy moist evergreen equatorial forests of the Amazonian lowland, and
the rest of the territory is tropical landscapes of the high plains
Brazilian plateau with distinct wet and dry seasons.
The Amazonian lowland lies in the equatorial and
subequatorial climate. Temperature all year round 24 – 28 C, precipitation
2500 – 3500 mm falls per year. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world
the size of the basin (7.2 million sq. km.) and water content. She forms a fusion
two rivers - Marañon and Ucayali. The length of the Amazon from the source of Marañon is 6400 km.
and from the source of Ucayali - more than 7000 km. The Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean
forming the world's largest delta (over 100 thousand sq. km.) and
funnel-shaped mouths - branches covering the huge island of Marajo. IN
in the lower reaches, the width of the Amazon reaches 80 km, and the depth is 135 m.
Selva - humid equatorial forests of the Amazonian lowland. It's from above
4 thousand species of trees, which is half of all species existing in the world.
Animals, each in its own way, have adapted to existence among the dense
forest intertwined with vines. Monkeys - howler monkeys, capuchin monkeys, marmosets,
thin-bodied spider monkeys saimiri with muzzle coloring resembling
skull - spend their entire lives in trees, holding onto branches with their strong tail.
Even arboreal porcupines and anteaters, raccoons and
marsupial possum. Felines - jaguars - feel confident in the forest thicket
and ocelots. Forest thickets are not a hindrance for bats either. Bakers and tapirs
prefer swampy river floodplains. The capybara stays near the water - the most
largest rodent in the world. There is a wide variety of amphibians and reptiles, including
which poisonous snakes (bushmasters, coral adders, rattlers), boa constrictors
boas, huge anacondas. In the rivers, caimans and
schools of bloodthirsty piranha fish. Predatory harpies, Urubu vultures soar above the forest -
carrion eaters; colorful parrots fly in the treetops; and on
Toucans, the owners of a huge beak, sit on the branches. Bright motley sparks
the smallest birds on earth flash in the air and hover over the flowers -
To the east of the Amazon, the green forest sea gradually gives way to
rocky open forest - caatinga. Poor soils barely cover the mountainous
rocks, almost no grass. Everywhere there are prickly shrubs and all kinds of
cacti. And above them are dry-loving shrubs and trees, columnar cacti and
tree spurges. At some distance from each other, like skittles,
bottle trees grow. These thickets are almost devoid of foliage and do not produce
shelter from the burning rays of the sun or from downpours. In winter-spring dry
period, which lasts 8-9 months, precipitation falls less than 10 mm in
month. At the same time, the average air temperature is 26-28 C. At this time
many plants shed their leaves. Life freezes until the autumn rains,
when more than 300 mm of precipitation falls per month with an annual amount of 700-1000 mm.
As a result of rainfall, the water level in rivers rises rapidly. Regularly
Floods are repeated, destroying houses and washing away fertile soil
In the very center of the Brazilian plateau lies the kingdom of shrubs and
small-tree savannas and woodlands - campos cerrados. Campos plants
well adapted to the alternation of dry and wet seasons, which last
for about six months. Small leaves with a waxy coating reduce moisture loss
from evaporation. Long roots extract water from great depths. Cork layer
on the trunks protects against common fires in the campos. With the arrival of the rainy season
rapid growth and flowering of plants begin so that they have time before drought
young shoots get stronger and seeds ripen.
the trees close together into a continuous cover of deciduous evergreen forests and that’s it
The terrain becomes higher and rockier. Eastern edge of Brazil
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The nature of Brazil is amazingly diverse and beautiful. This was facilitated by the huge size of the country and the contrasting landscape of the territory. As a result, 4 natural zones of Brazil were formed: the Atlantic Forest, the Cerrado, the Amazonian jungle and the Caatinga.
Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest covers the entire Brazilian coast, the Prana River valley, as well as many low mountains.
Most of this natural complex is occupied by dense evergreen forests, consisting mainly of low trees. Consistently high air temperatures, coupled with heavy rainfall, created favorable conditions for the growth of a variety of lush vegetation in this region.
The dense thickets of the Atlantic Forest have become a haven for a large number of birds and animals. It is home to such amazing fauna as anteaters, sloths, tapirs, howler monkeys, coatis and many others.
Rice. 1. Iguazu Falls
Cerrado
In the very center of the Brazilian plateau is the cerrado or, otherwise, savannah. Depending on the type of prevailing vegetation, it is divided into three types:
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- cerrado with dense tall grasses;
- cerrado with open forest;
- a cerrado without trees.
Rainfall in this area is seasonal, but it is quite enough to keep the Cerrado vegetation green and blooming throughout the year. Local residents use large areas of savannah for grazing livestock.
Rice. 2. Landscapes of the Cerrado
Amazonian jungle
Selva is an endless area of Brazilian evergreen rain forests, located in the basin of the largest Amazon River and its many tributaries.
This natural complex is characterized by a stable hot and very humid climate, with a large amount of precipitation throughout the year. As a result, the local fauna and flora are represented by a large variety of species. Many animals live directly on the river coast, without settling deep into the jungle.
The ecosystem of the Amazon River basin is the lungs of our planet, since it consumes carbon dioxide in huge quantities, releasing no less volume of oxygen.
Rice. 3. Amazonian jungle
Caatinga
To the northeast of the Brazilian Plateau is the caatinga, an arid zone of low-growing shrubs and woodlands. There is little rainfall throughout the year, sometimes without rain for several years.
During such periods, the Brazilian caatinga is more reminiscent of a desert, in which vegetation can only be found along the banks of small rivers. The fauna of this natural zone is very poor and is represented mainly by small predators, rodents and reptiles.
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