An example of mimicry is the alternation of stripes of different things. Biology test
1) coloring of sika deer and tiger
2) spots on the wings of some butterflies, similar to the eyes of vertebrates
3) the similarity of the color of the wings of the Pierida butterfly with the color of the wings of the inedible heliconid butterfly
100. One of the important biological laws is formulated as follows: “In large populations, under the condition of free crossing and in the absence of migration of individuals and selection, an equilibrium is established in the frequencies of genotypes, which remain constant from generation to generation.” What is this pattern called?
1) biogenetic law
2) Hardy-Weinberg law
3) dominance management
4) the law of homological series of hereditary variability
5) Mendel's second law
101. What term refers to both the process itself and the result of the formation in organisms during evolution of such structural and functional features that correspond to living conditions and ensure the adaptation of organisms to these conditions?
1) mutation process
2) adaptation
3) struggle for existence
4) progressive development
5) divergence
102. Expediency in living nature is the phenomenon of compliance of the structure and functioning of organisms with the environmental conditions in which these organisms exist. How modern science explains the formation of organic expediency?
1) is the result of the active desire of organisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions
2) is the result of natural selection of individuals that turned out to be more adapted than others to environmental conditions due to the presence of random hereditary changes in them
3) is the result of direct influence external conditions on the development of corresponding characteristics in organisms
4) it was initially predetermined at the moment the Creator created the main types of living beings
103. What shape natural selection leads to the preservation in individuals of those average values of the trait that ensure the adaptation of individuals to constant conditions external environment due to the death of representatives with extreme values of the trait?
2) stabilizing selection
4) destabilizing selection
104. Charles Darwin made a significant contribution to the development of biology. Name one of the results of this scientist’s work.
1) gave names to many parts of plants and their structural features
2) gave a description of many types of plants
3) collected a huge amount of factual material proving the existence of evolution
4) created the first holistic theory of evolution organic world
5) created the first theory of human origins
105. There are several reasons leading to an intensification of the struggle for existence. Find these reasons among the answers and indicate an event that is NOT such a reason.
2) increase in the number of predators
3) lack of food
4) excessive growth in the number of individuals
5) free crossing
106. Name a phenomenon, an example of which is the similarity between the lion fly and wasps in the color of the abdomen and the shape of the antennae.
1) warning coloring
2) mimicry
3) adaptive coloring
4) concealing coloring
5) disguise
107. In what case do autosomal recessive mutations come under the direct control of natural selection?
1) when their number in the genotype exceeds the threshold level
2) when they occur in the body in a homozygous state
3) when their number in the genotype exceeds the number of dominant alleles
108. Many animals differ significantly in fertility: a female roundworm produces 200 thousand eggs per day, a gray rat produces more than 40 pups per year, and a female elephant produces 1 calf every 2-3 years. Indicate an animal for which the struggle for existence is more intense and is accompanied by greater death of offspring.
1) roundworm
3) elephant
109. What form of natural selection leads to the preservation in individuals of those useful extreme deviations from the average norm, which ensured the adaptation of these individuals to new multidirectional changing environmental conditions due to the death of representatives of the previous norm and the preferential preservation and reproduction of representatives of the new norm?
1) driving directional selection
2) stabilizing selection
3) driving tearing (disruptive) selection
4) destabilizing selection
110. Indicate a phenomenon that serves as an example camouflage painting.
1) variegated eggs of some birds
2) some butterflies have spots on their wings that look like the eyes of vertebrates
3) the pierida butterfly is similar in color to the inedible heliconid butterfly
4) coloring ladybugs And Colorado potato beetle
Option 1.
1. A phenomenon that serves as an example of camouflage coloring:
a) coloration of sika deer and tiger;
b) spots on the wings of some butterflies, similar to the eyes of vertebrates;
c) the similarity of the color of the wings of the pierida butterfly with the color of the wings of the inedible heliconid butterfly;
d) coloring of ladybugs and Colorado potato beetles.
2. How modern science explains the formation of organic expediency:
a) is the result of the active desire of organisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions;
b) is the result of natural selection of individuals that turned out to be more adapted than others to environmental conditions due to the presence of randomly occurring hereditary changes in them;
c) is the result of the direct influence of external conditions on the development of corresponding characteristics in organisms;
d) it was initially predetermined at the moment the creator created the main types of living beings.
3. Phenomenon. An example of which is the similarity between the lionfly and wasps in the color of the abdomen and the shape of the antennae:
a) warning coloring;
b) mimicry;
c) adaptive coloration;
d) camouflage.
4. Example of protective coloring:
5. Example of warning coloring:
a) bright red color of the rose flower;
d) similarity in color and body shape.
6. Bottom fish often painted to match the color of sand - this is an example……………..
7. Agama can change color depending on the color environment- This is an example.
8. The darkling beetle raises its abdomen and secretes bad smell- This is an example.
9. A seahorse is shaped like seaweed - this is an example.
10. Mollusks have shells, crocodiles have scales - this is an example.
Option 2. Fitness 11th grade
1. The main effect of natural selection:
a) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure reproduction over generations;
b) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure wide variability of organisms;
c) the appearance in the population of genes that ensure the preservation of characteristics of the species in organisms;
d) the appearance in the population of genes that determine the adaptation of organisms to living conditions;
2. Example of protective coloring:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) green color of leaves in most plants;
c) bright red color of the ladybug;
d) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp.
3. Masking example:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp;
c) bright red color of the ladybug;
4. Example of warning coloring:
a) bright red color of a rose flower;
b) the ladybug has a bright red color;
c) similarity in color between the hoverfly and the wasp;
d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot.
5. Example of mimicry:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) the ladybug has a bright red color;
c) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp;
d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot.
6. The long-eared roundhead instantly opens skin folds on his head and freezes with open mouth- This is an example
7. needle fish is shaped like seaweed - this is an example.
8. The hedgehog and porcupine have quills - this is an example
9. a chameleon is able to change color depending on the color of its environment - this is an example
10. Partridge is white in winter, gray in summer - this is an example.
Answers to the topic fitness 11th grade option 1
1a. 2 b 3b 4a 5b 6 will cover 7 will cover 8 threat 9 will cover 10 mimicry
Option 2
1.d 2a 3 b 4b 5c 6threat 7 will cover 8 mimicry 9 will cover 10 will cover
Option 1.
1. A phenomenon that serves as an example of camouflage coloring:
a) coloration of sika deer and tiger;
b) spots on the wings of some butterflies, similar to the eyes of vertebrates;
c) the similarity of the color of the wings of the pierida butterfly with the color of the wings of the inedible heliconid butterfly;
d) coloring of ladybugs and Colorado potato beetles.
2. How modern science explains the formation of organic expediency:
a) is the result of the active desire of organisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions;
b) is the result of natural selection of individuals that turned out to be more adapted than others to environmental conditions due to the presence of randomly occurring hereditary changes in them;
c) is the result of the direct influence of external conditions on the development of corresponding characteristics in organisms;
d) it was initially predetermined at the moment the creator created the main types of living beings.
3. Phenomenon. An example of which is the similarity between the lionfly and wasps in the color of the abdomen and the shape of the antennae:
a) warning coloring;
b) mimicry;
c) adaptive coloration;
d) camouflage.
4. Example of protective coloring:
5. Example of warning coloring:
a) bright red color of the rose flower;
d) similarity in color and body shape.
6. Bottom-dwelling fish are often colored to match the color of sand - this is an example…………..
7. Agama is capable of changing color depending on the color of the environment - this is an example.
8. The darkling beetle raises its abdomen and emits an unpleasant odor - this is an example.
9. A seahorse is shaped like seaweed - this is an example.
10. Mollusks have shells, crocodiles have scales - this is an example.
Option 2. Fitness 11th grade
1. The main effect of natural selection:
a) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure reproduction over generations;
b) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure wide variability of organisms;
c) the appearance in the population of genes that ensure the preservation of characteristics of the species in organisms;
d) the appearance in the population of genes that determine the adaptation of organisms to living conditions;
2. Example of protective coloring:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) green color of leaves in most plants;
c) bright red color of the ladybug;
d) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp.
3. Masking example:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp;
c) bright red color of the ladybug;
4. Example of warning coloring:
a) bright red color of a rose flower;
b) the ladybug has a bright red color;
c) similarity in color between the hoverfly and the wasp;
d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot.
5. Example of mimicry:
a) green coloration of the singing grasshopper;
b) the ladybug has a bright red color;
c) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp;
d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot.
6. The eared roundhead instantly opens the folds of skin on its head and freezes with its mouth open - this is an example
7. needle fish is shaped like seaweed - this is an example.
8. The hedgehog and porcupine have quills - this is an example
9. a chameleon is able to change color depending on the color of its environment - this is an example
10. Partridge is white in winter, gray in summer - this is an example.
Answers to the topic fitness 11th grade option 1
1a. 2 b 3b 4a 5b 6 will cover 7 will cover 8 threat 9 will cover 10 mimicry
Option 2
1.d 2a 3 b 4b 5c 6threat 7 will cover 8 mimicry 9 will cover 10 will cover
1 option
Charles Darwin created the doctrine of the laws of heredity and variability of organisms; ABOUT driving forces ah evolution; On the structural and functional organization of ecosystems; About the noosphere. Due to hereditary variability: The genetic heterogeneity of individuals in the population increases; Aggravated between individuals in a population; Individuals develop fitness traits; The population size is increasing. As a result permanent action The driving forces of evolution in nature occur: The formation of new species; Change of ecosystems; Fluctuations in population numbers; Cycle of substances. Different species of Galapagos finches vary significantly in the structure and size of their beaks, which is an adaptation to singing; To protection from enemies; To get food different ways; To lighten body weight. The complex relationships between individuals and various environmental factors that influence fertility and reproduction of offspring are called Natural Selection; Food connections; Ecological pyramid; The struggle for existence. Method of education different types tits that have a common habitat, which is based on an adaptation to feeding on different foods, are called: Ecological; Geographical; Polyploidy; Mutagenesis. The result of evolution is Hereditary variation; Struggle for existence; Adaptability of organisms; Aromorphosis. Among the listed examples, identify aromorphosis. The appearance of pulmonary respiration in amphibians; Loss of limbs in whales; Formation of protective coloring; Modification of limbs in moles. Indicate the group formed as a result of the idioadaptation of the Animal Kingdom; Genus Rabbits; Class Mammals; Phylum Chordata.
Under influence anthropogenic factor the number has sharply decreased Amur tiger, its range has narrowed, which indicates idioadaptation; About degeneration; ABOUT biological species; About the biological progress of the species.
What path led to the formation of a five-fingered limb in terrestrial vertebrates? Idioadaptation; Degeneration; Aromorphosis; Regeneration. Mutation process Consolidates changes in the gene pool of a population; Guides evolution; Causes the appearance of new alleles in the population; Provides selection of the most viable phenotypes. Resistance to poisons in cockroaches is a consequence of Driving Selection; Stabilizing selection; Directed hereditary variability; Imperfections of poisons. An example of atavism is the disappearance of wings in the New Zealand kiwi bird; External resemblance forelimbs in sharks and dolphins; Availability in people; The ability of some people to move their ears. An example of a species is Red Clover; Sweet clover; Compositae; Monocots.
Relate evolutionary ideas and their authors to each other: Adaptation of organisms 1. ; arises as a result of natural selection; 2. C. Darwin. External environment causes only beneficial changes in organisms; Individual differences explained by uncertain variability; If the tails of dogs of certain breeds are constantly docked (cut off), then their puppies will be born tailless; The children of a talented musician will definitely become talented musicians; Phenotypically manifested traits are subject to natural selection.
Select three events that illustrate the process biological evolution happening before our eyes: The emergence of new species of ground beetles; The appearance of cockroaches that are not sensitive to the poisons with which they are poisoned; The appearance of repellent colors in some flies; The emergence of bacteria resistant to; The emergence of new forms of influenza; The emergence of geographic isolation between two sparrow populations.
What must be done to classify two apparently similar individuals as the same or different species? In what ways is biological progress achieved?
Option 2
Basics modern taxonomy living organisms were founded by C. Linnaeus; ; J. Cuvier; C. Darwin. Interspecific struggle contributes to the accumulation of significant differences in the gene pool of a population; Intraspecific struggle; Geographical isolation; Population fluctuations. Competition between wheat plants on the same field for light, moisture, salt, phosphorus, potassium is an example Intraspecific struggle; Interspecific struggle; Fight with unfavorable conditions; Actions of natural selection. The main criterion for the emergence of a new species is the appearance external phenomena; Geographic isolation of populations; Reproductive isolation of populations; Environmental insulation. To decide with certainty whether two beetles that look similar belong to the same species, you should compare them external structure; Compare their lifestyle and diet; Try to cross them and see if you get fertile offspring; Compare their habitats. The significance of Darwin's theory lies in the fact that it was the first to explain the mechanism of the origin of life on Earth; Proved that species change during historical development; Identified the factors that determine the causes of diversity and adaptability of species; She refuted the idea of the spontaneous generation of life. An example of a rudiment can be considered the preservation of individual bones of the skeleton of the hind limbs of a boa constrictor; Chimpanzees lack a tail; The birth of white crows gray crows; Piglet by the boar. An example of convergence can be considered the similarities between a dolphin and a seal; Shark; Blue whale; All these animals. An example of mimicry is alternating stripes different color on the body of Some flies; Zebra; Giraffes; Wild boar cubs. The long sticky tongue with which the chameleon catches insects can be considered as Aromorphosis; Idiomatic adaptation; Degeneration; Divergence In the process of macroevolution, new populations appear; Populations change; New species appear; New classes appear. A population is considered a unit of evolution, since individuals of the same population have a similar genotype; Individuals of the same population have a similar phenotype; Mutations arise and accumulate in it, and natural selection operates; Between populations of different species there are established food connections; Evidence in favor of evolution can be the presence of a Burrow in a badger; Gill slits at certain stages of development; Wool; Black and white color. Among the examples listed, identify degeneration: Lack of limbs in snakes; Lack of teeth in birds; Lack of digestion in tapeworm; Lack of a stem in duckweed. The role of recessive mutations in evolution is that they appear in the first generation; They are a hidden reserve of hereditary variability; Typically harmful to the body; They affect the genes of body cells, not gametes.
Match the forms of insulation with examples of insulation:
EXAMPLES OF INSULATION FORMS OF INSULATION
Variegated fly flies, 1) Geographically lay eggs on apple trees and; insulation; Pines growing in California, 2) Ecological, whose stigmas fall off in February and April; insulation. Brown bears in Canada and Finland; Clouded leopards living in Indochina and on the island of Taiwan; Voles Peromyscus maniculatus, living in the forest far from water and along the shores of lakes; Eight-petalled dryad (tundra plant) from Norway and the Alps.
For thousands of years, humanity has been fighting infections and disease carriers - bacteria, ticks, rats, etc. Why haven’t dangerous infections and animals been exterminated yet? Compare the types of struggle for existence and their role in the life of organisms.
Option 1. 1. A phenomenon that serves as an example of camouflage coloration: a) the coloration of the sika deer and the tiger; b) spots on the wings of some butterflies, similar to the eyes of vertebrates; c) the similarity of the color of the wings of the pierida butterfly with the color of the wings of the inedible heliconid butterfly; d) coloring of ladybugs and Colorado potato beetles. 2. How does modern science explain the formation of organic expediency: a) is the result of the active desire of organisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions; b) is the result of natural selection of individuals that turned out to be more adapted than others to environmental conditions due to the presence of randomly occurring hereditary changes in them; c) is the result of the direct influence of external conditions on the development of corresponding characteristics in organisms; d) it was initially predetermined at the moment the creator created the main types of living beings. 3. Phenomenon. An example of which is the similarity between the lion fly and wasps in the color of the abdomen and the shape of the antennae: a) warning coloring; b) mimicry; c) adaptive coloration; d) camouflage. 4. An example of protective coloration: a) green coloration in the singing grasshopper; b) green color of leaves in most plants; c) bright red color of the ladybug; d) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp. 5. An example of a warning color: a) the bright red color of a rose flower; b) the ladybug has a bright red color; c) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp; d) similarity in color and body shape. 6. Bottom-dwelling fish are often colored like sand - this is an example………….. 7. Agama is able to change color depending on the color of the environment - this is an example. 8. The darkling beetle raises its abdomen and emits an unpleasant odor - this is an example. 9. A seahorse is shaped like seaweed - this is an example. 10. Mollusks have shells, crocodiles have scales - this is an example. Option 2. Fitness 11th grade 1. The main effect of natural selection: a) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure reproduction over generations; b) increasing the frequency of genes in the population that ensure wide variability of organisms; c) the appearance in the population of genes that ensure the preservation of characteristics of the species in organisms; d) the appearance in the population of genes that determine the adaptation of organisms to living conditions; 2. An example of protective coloration: a) green coloration in the singing grasshopper; b) green color of leaves in most plants; c) bright red color of the ladybug; d) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp. 3. An example of camouflage: a) the green color of the singing grasshopper; b) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp; c) bright red color of the ladybug; d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot. 4. An example of a warning color: a) the bright red color of a rose flower; b) the ladybug has a bright red color; c) similarity in color between the hoverfly and the wasp; d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot. 5. An example of mimicry: a) green coloration in a singing grasshopper; b) the ladybug has a bright red color; c) similarity in the color of the abdomen of the hoverfly and the wasp; d) similarity in color and body shape of the moth caterpillar with the knot. 6. The long-eared roundhead instantly opens the folds of skin on its head and freezes with its mouth open - this is an example 7. The needle fish is shaped like algae - this is an example. 8. The hedgehog and porcupine have quills - this is an example 9. The chameleon is able to change color depending on the color of the environment - this is an example. 10. Partridge is white in winter, gray in summer - this is an example. Answers to the topic fitness 11th grade 1 option 1a. 2 b 3b 4a 5b 6 will cover 7 will cover 8 threat 9 will cover 2 option 1.d 2a 3 b 4b 5c 6 threat 7 will cover 8 mimicry 10 mimicry 9 will cover 10 will cover