Presentation zoology, the science of animals Ponomarev. Roundworms in the intestine of a pig
Zoology is the science of animals. A branch of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and activity, connections with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, roles in nature and significance for humans, is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - “animal”, logos - “teaching”).
Zoology - the science of animals An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationships of animals with each other, as well as with other organisms and with their environment.
Paleontology studies fossil animals and their changes in the process of historical development. Similarities and differences between animals and plants Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure , 2) the ability to feed, 3) breathe, 3) excrete, 4) exchange substances between the body and environment
, 5) reproduction, growth, development.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 7) They can move actively. Most of them get their own food and pursue prey. 8) Animals have mastered all living environments: water, land, underground and air. Animals are different from plants the following signs . Animal cells do not have a hard cellulose shell. Unlike plants, animals eat ready-made food. organic substances . IN natural communities
they play the role of consumers (consumers) of organic matter.
Diversity of animals The largest number of insects on Earth are insects (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squid. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different bodies of water. Diversity of animals Modern birds (see also § 49) are few in comparison with other groups - 8600 species, more fewer mammals (see also § 51) – about 4000 species. Animals are very diverse in appearance and internal structure
Diversity of animals The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and have a mass of about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and is living on Earth is blue whale up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3).
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, way of life, but also by the role they play in natural communities. Animals play a great role in nature as plant pollinators (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, and fields would be completely different.
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Many animals distribute fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on fur and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing germination and spread over long distances
negative role animals in natural communities Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the mass appearance of gypsy or ringed silkworm causes enormous damage to forests. They damage leaves, buds, and young shoots.
The role of animals Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Exclusively important for people to have pets. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, fluff, leather, silk. Pets perform various jobs
The role of animals The dog was one of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) to be domesticated. Her ancestor was a wolf. Currently, more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for his faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6).
Monuments to the dog The most famous monument to the dog, located in Paris, is dedicated to the St. Bernard, who saved 40 people from under snow avalanches in the Alps. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of the sled dogs, who took the lost rider back to the people.
In St. Petersburg there is a famous monument to a dog who suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: “Let the dog, man’s helper and friend since prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment.”
The role of animals Highest value had the domestication of large cattle and horses. From them people get meat, milk, and skins. In many areas, these animals are used as draft power when cultivating the land and as vehicle. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds.
Livestock Livestock farming, including the keeping and breeding of cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, has become the most important industry Agriculture. The prosperity of the people depends on his success necessary products.
Zoology - the science of animals In the previous biology course, you became acquainted with representatives of the three kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants. Now you begin to study a new kingdom of living organisms - Animals. In the previous biology course, you met representatives of three kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants. Now you begin to study a new kingdom of living organisms - Animals.
Zoology - the science of animals The section of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life activity, connections with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, role in nature and significance for humans is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - “animal” , logos – “teaching”). The section of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life activity, connections with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, role in nature and significance for humans is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - “animal”, logos - “study” ").
Zoology is the science of animals. Modern zoology is a system of sciences about animals. Among them are morphology and anatomy, which study the external and internal structure of organisms. Modern zoology is a system of animal sciences. Among them are morphology and anatomy, which study the external and internal structure of organisms, cytology - their cellular structure, cytology - their cellular structure
Zoology is the science of animals. Physiology studies the activities of cells, organs, organ systems and entire organisms. Physiology studies the activities of cells, organs, organ systems and entire organisms. Embryology reviews individual development organisms, Embryology considers the individual development of organisms, taxonomy - classification of animals taxonomy - classification of animals
Zoology - the science of animals An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationships of animals with each other, as well as with other organisms and with their environment. An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationships of animals with each other, as well as with other organisms and with their environment. Paleontology studies fossil animals and their changes in the process of historical development. Paleontology studies fossil animals and their changes in the process of historical development.
Zoology - the science of animals The school course of zoology includes the basics of other sciences: The school course of zoology includes the basics of other sciences: genetics, which explains the patterns of heredity, genetics, which explains the patterns of heredity, zoogeography - the distribution of animals, zoogeography - the distribution of animals, ethology - their ethology behavior - their behavior
Zoology is the science of animals. Zoology studies various groups animals, including insects, Zoology studies various groups of animals, including insects, fish, fish, birds, birds, mammals; mammals; special world animals are represented by protozoa. The protozoa represent a special world of animals.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure. Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure, 2) ability to nutrition, 2) the ability to feed, 3) respiration, 3) excretion, 4) metabolism between the body and the environment, 5) reproduction, growth, development.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 6) Animals are able to perceive irritations and respond to them. 7) They can move actively. Most of them get their own food and pursue prey. 7) They can move actively. Most of them get their own food and pursue prey. 8) Animals have mastered all living environments: water, land, underground and air. 8) Animals have mastered all living environments: water, land, underground and air.
Animals differ from plants in the following ways. According to the following signs. 1) Animal cells do not have a hard cellulose shell. 2) Unlike plants, animals feed on ready-made organic substances. In natural communities they play the role of consumers (consumers) of organic matter.
Diversity of animals The largest number of insects on Earth are insects (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. The largest number of insects on Earth (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) is more than 1 million species. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squid. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squid. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different bodies of water. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different bodies of water.
Diversity of animals Modern birds (see also § 49) are few in comparison with other groups - 8600 species, even fewer mammals (see also § 51) - about 4000 species. Modern birds (see also § 49) are few in comparison with other groups - 8600 species, even fewer mammals (see also § 51) - about 4000 species. Animals are very diverse in external and internal structure, size, and lifestyle. Animals are very diverse in external and internal structure, size, and lifestyle.
Diversity of animals Some move in water with the help of cilia, others with the help of fins. Most land animals rely on their limbs to move. Insects, birds, the bats They use wings to fly. Some move in water with the help of cilia, others - thanks to fins. Most land animals rely on their limbs to move. Insects, birds, and bats use wings to fly.
Diversity of animals The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and weigh about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and is living on Earth is the blue whale, up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3) . The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and weigh about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and is living on Earth is the blue whale, up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3) .
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, way of life, but also in the role they play in natural communities. Animals play a great role in nature as plant pollinators (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, and fields would be completely different. Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, way of life, but also in the role they play in natural communities. Animals play a great role in nature as plant pollinators (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, and fields would be completely different.
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Many animals distribute fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on fur and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing germination and spread over long distances. Many animals distribute the fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on fur and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing germination and spread over long distances
The negative role of animals in natural communities Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the massive appearance of gypsy moth or ringed silkworm caterpillars causes enormous damage to forests. They damage leaves, buds, and young shoots. Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the massive appearance of gypsy moth or ringed silkworm caterpillars causes enormous damage to forests. They damage leaves, buds, and young shoots.
Game animals A person obtains a significant part of protein food through fishing in the seas and oceans, sea beast, hunting for wild boar, deer, waterfowl and forest birds. A person obtains a significant part of protein food through fishing in the seas and oceans, hunting sea animals, hunting wild boar, deer, waterfowl and forest birds.
The role of animals Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Pets are extremely important to people. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, fluff, leather, silk. Pets perform various jobs Pets are extremely important to people. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, fluff, leather, silk. Pets do different jobs
The role of animals The dog was one of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) to be domesticated. Her ancestor was a wolf. Currently, more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for his faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6). The dog was one of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) to be domesticated. Her ancestor was a wolf. Currently, more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for his faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6).
Dog monuments The most famous dog monument, located in Paris, is dedicated to the St. Bernard who saved 40 people from avalanches in the Alps. The most famous dog monument, located in Paris, is dedicated to the Saint Bernard who saved 40 people from avalanches in the Alps. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of the sled dogs, who took the lost rider back to the people. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of the sled dogs, who took the lost rider back to the people. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death.
In St. Petersburg there is a famous monument to a dog who suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: “Let the dog, man’s helper and friend since prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment.” In St. Petersburg there is a famous monument to a dog who suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: “Let the dog, man’s helper and friend since prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment.”
The role of animals The domestication of cattle and horses was of greatest importance. From them people get meat, milk, and skins. In many areas, these animals are used as draft power when cultivating the land and as a means of transport. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds. The domestication of cattle and horses was of greatest importance. From them people get meat, milk, and skins. In many areas, these animals are used as draft power when cultivating the land and as a means of transport. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds.
Livestock Livestock farming, including keeping and breeding cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, and ducks, has become the most important branch of agriculture. The provision of people with necessary products depends on its success. Livestock farming, including keeping and breeding cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, and ducks, has become the most important branch of agriculture. The provision of people with necessary products depends on its success.
Animal husbandry The domestication of animals continues to this day. IN last decades Silver-black foxes, arctic foxes, minks, and nutria have been successfully domesticated. They are bred on fur farms. Work continues on the domestication of elk, wood grouse, and ostriches. The domestication of animals continues to this day. In recent decades, silver-black foxes, arctic foxes, minks, and nutria have been successfully domesticated. They are bred on fur farms. Work continues on the domestication of elk, wood grouse, and ostriches.
Livestock Important for scientific research, training biologists and doctors, has the breeding of laboratory animals - mice, rats, guinea pigs. Decorative plants have been bred for a long time aquarium fish, canaries, parrots, weavers. Breeding laboratory animals - mice, rats, guinea pigs - is important for scientific research, training of biologists and doctors. Decorative aquarium fish, canaries, parrots, and weaver birds have been bred for a long time.
Conclusion Modern zoology is a system of sciences that have important theoretical and practical significance: Zoology, morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, embryology, systematics, ecology, paleontology, genetics, zoogeography, ethology. Modern zoology is a system of sciences that have important theoretical and practical significance: Zoology, morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, embryology, systematics, ecology, paleontology, genetics, zoogeography, ethology.
Questions. 3. Using Figure 1, outline a story about diversity and difference. external structure animals. 4. What signs are characteristic of animals? How are they different from plants? 5. Name individual crop pests and the methods you know of to combat them.
Slide 1
Slide 3
Zoology - the science of animals The section of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life activity, connections with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, role in nature and significance for humans is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - “animal” , logos – “teaching”).Slide 4
Zoology is the science of animals. Modern zoology is a system of sciences about animals. Among them are morphology and anatomy, which study the external and internal structure of organisms, cytology - their cellular structureSlide 5
Zoology is the science of animals. Physiology studies the activities of cells, organs, organ systems and entire organisms. Embryology considers the individual development of organisms, taxonomy considers the classification of animalsSlide 6
Zoology - the science of animals An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationships of animals with each other, as well as with other organisms and with their environment. Paleontology studies fossil animals and their changes in the process of historical development.Slide 8
Zoology - the science of animals Zoology studies various groups of animals, including insects, fish, birds, mammals; The protozoa represent a special world of animals.Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Similarities and differences between animals and plants Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure, 2) ability to feed, 3) respiration, 3) excretion, 4) metabolism between the body and the environment, 5) reproduction, growth, development.Slide 12
Similarities and differences between animals and plants 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 7) They can move actively. Most of them get their own food and pursue prey. 8) Animals have mastered all living environments: water, land, underground and air.Slide 13
Animals differ from plants in the following ways. Animal cells do not have a hard cellulose shell. Unlike plants, animals feed on ready-made organic substances. In natural communities they play the role of consumers (consumers) of organic matter.Slide 14
Slide 15
Diversity of animals The largest number of insects on Earth are insects (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squid. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different bodies of water.Slide 16
Diversity of animals Modern birds (see also § 49) are few in comparison with other groups - 8600 species, even fewer mammals (see also § 51) - about 4000 species. Animals are very diverse in external and internal structure, size, and lifestyle.Slide 17
Diversity of animals Some move in water with the help of cilia, others with the help of fins. Most land animals rely on their limbs to move. Insects, birds, and bats use wings to fly.Slide 18
Diversity of animals The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and weigh about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and is living on Earth is the blue whale, up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3) .Slide 19
Slide 20
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, way of life, but also in the role they play in natural communities. Animals play a great role in nature as plant pollinators (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, and fields would be completely different.Slide 21
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Many animals distribute fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on fur and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing germination and spread over long distancesSlide 22
Slide 23
negative role of animals in natural communities Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the massive appearance of gypsy moth or ringed silkworm caterpillars causes enormous damage to forests. They damage leaves, buds, and young shoots.Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
game animals A person obtains a significant part of protein food through fishing in the seas and oceans, hunting sea animals, hunting wild boar, deer, waterfowl and forest birds.Slide 27
The role of animals Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Pets are extremely important to people. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, fluff, leather, silk. Pets do different jobsSlide 28
The role of animals The dog was one of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) to be domesticated. Her ancestor was a wolf. Currently, more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for his faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6).Slide 29
Slide 30
Dog monuments The most famous dog monument, located in Paris, is dedicated to the St. Bernard who saved 40 people from avalanches in the Alps. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of the sled dogs, who took the lost rider back to the people. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death.Slide 31
In St. Petersburg there is a famous monument to a dog who suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: “Let the dog, man’s helper and friend since prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment.”Take part!
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Traditional teaching methods are not suitable for modern students. It is difficult for them to sit over textbooks without being distracted, and long explanations make them bored. The result is rejection from studies. Meanwhile, the priority of visuality in the presentation of information is the main trend in modern education. Instead of criticizing children's craving for “pictures from the Internet,” use this feature in a positive way and start including watching thematic videos in your lesson plan. Why is this necessary and how to prepare a video yourself - read this article.
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION Federal state educational institution of higher education
vocational education
Siberian Federal University
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology Department of Environmental Biophysics and Hydrobiology
E.V. Borisova V.K. Dmitrienko
Biodiversity Sciences ::
Invertebrate zoology
course demo presentation
Krasnoyarsk 2008
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION Federal state educational institution of higher and vocational education
Siberian Federal University
Department of Environmental Biophysics and Hydrobiology
E.V. Borisova V.K. Dmitrienko
Zoology of invertebratesx
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology
direction - biology
October 2008
Module 1. Unicellular animals(lectures 1-3)
Module 2. Multicellular:: sponges, sponges, radiata, acoelomata (lectures and 4 4 - - 9) 9)
Module 3. Multicellular:: coelomic animals
(lectures 10-24)
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems of the world
Subject and tasks of zoology
Classification of zoological disciplines sciplin
Main stages and directions of development development of zoology
Animal systems
Modern zoological classification
Section 1. Systems of the animal world. Classification of animalsanimals 4 4
Subject and tasks of zoology
Objects of zoological study
animal kingdom
Main characteristics::
heterotrophic nutrition
mobility
limited body growth
active metabolism
various organelles or organs organs
diverse life e cyclescycles
Animal variety
About 2 million species are known
Real diversity from 4 to 10 million species
Modern diversity is the result of animal evolution
The basis for studying the origin is paleontological data,
comparative anatomy and embryology, biochemistry and experimental zoology
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 5 5
Subject and tasks of zoology
Evolutionary doctrine
www.darvin.museum.ru
Charles Robert Darwin
Evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin (1858) (1858)
evolutionary changes are adaptationsdevices
to changed environmental conditions
they arise and develop as a result late natural selection
the prerequisite for evolution is hereditary genetic variability of organisms
Synthetic theory of evolution (mid-20th century)
there are factors undirected evolution evolution - change the gene pool of populations randomly ((mutations, mutations, combinations, isolation)
and factors of directed evolution -- determine determine
adaptive changes (natural selection, struggle, struggle for existence)
macroevolution - the evolution of large systematic systematic groups
microevolution - intraspecific differentiation, differentiation of populations
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 6 6
Subject and tasks of zoology
1. Evolution is basically a monophyletic process tic ,, development comes from one common root ..
2. Formation of new systematic groups n occurs occurs through divergence - a historical process of divergence of characteristics. Some characteristics in different systematic groups can arise through parallelism or convergence.
3. An animal organism is a single whole a whole, in which all parts and organs are interconnected.. When When in the process of evolution the structure and function of one organ changes, this causes correlative changes in other organs - the law of correlation or or correlative development.
4. Evolution is an irreversible process, like anything some development.
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 7 7
Subject and tasks of zoology
Basic laws of phylogenetic development
5. The evolution of organisms is always accompanied is the differentiation of parts and organs.
6. Oligomerization occurs in animal evolution erization (reduction in the number) of homologous organs in .. The decrease in the number of organs is accompanied by their progressive morphological and functional differentiation.
7. Evolution is characterized by an adaptive orientation. Biological progress ss is an adaptive evolution leading to prosperity and development.. The criteria for the biological progress of a taxonaxon are: species diversity, high numbers, wide range of occupied ecological niches. The main paths of biological progress: aromorphosis, idioadaptation, degeneration, generation .. com
Carcinology – Crustaceans
Acarology – mites
Arachnology – arachnids
Entomology - insects
Ichthyology - fish
Herpetology – amphibians and reptiles
Ornithology – birds
Theriology (mammology) – mammals
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 10 10