Presentation zoology is the science of animals. the negative role of animals in natural communities
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Modern students are not suited to traditional teaching methods. It is difficult for them to sit over textbooks without being distracted, and long explanations drive them into boredom. The result is a rejection of learning. Meanwhile, the priority of visuality in the presentation of information is the main trend in modern education. Instead of criticizing the kids' craving for "pictures from the Internet", use this feature in a positive way and start including watching themed videos in the lesson plan. Why is this necessary and how to prepare the video yourself - read this article.
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
vocational education
Siberian Federal University
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology Department of Ecological Biophysics and Hydrobiology
E.V. Borisova V.K. Dmitrienko
Biodiversity Sciences ::
invertebrate zoology
demo presentation of the course
Krasnoyarsk 2008
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION
Siberian Federal University
Department of Ecological Biophysics and Hydrobiology
E.V. Borisova V.K. Dmitrienko
Zoology of invertebrates
Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology
direction - biology
October 2008
Module 1(lectures 1-3)
Module 2: sponges, sponges, radiant, acelomata (lectures and 4 4 - - 9) 9)
Module 3: coelomic animals
(lectures 10-24)
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems of the world
The subject and tasks of zoology
Classification of zoological disciplines sciplin
Main stages and directions of development development of zoology
Animal systems
Modern zoological classification
Section 1. Systems of the animal world. Classification of animalsanimals 4 4
The subject and tasks of zoology
Objects of study of zoology
animal kingdom
Key Features ::
heterotrophic nutrition
mobility
limited body height
active metabolism
various organelles or organs bodies
various life e cycles cycles
Animal diversity
About 2 million species are known
Real diversity from 4 to 10 million species
Modern diversity is the result of animal evolution
The basis for the study of the origin is the data of paleontology,
comparative anatomy and embryology, biochemistry and experimental zoology
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal world systems 5 5
The subject and tasks of zoology
evolutionary doctrine
www.darvin.museum.ru
Charles Robert Darwin
The evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin (1858) (1858)
evolutionary changes are adaptationsfixtures
to changing environmental conditions
they arise and develop as a result of ltate natural selection
evolution is hereditary corollary variability of organisms
Synthetic theory of evolution (mid-20th century)
there are factors undirected evolution of evolution - change the gene pool of populations randomly ((mutations, mutations, combinations, isolation)
and factors of directed evolution and -- determine determine
adaptive changes (natural selection, struggle for existence)
macroevolution - the evolution of large systematic systematic groups
microevolution - intraspecific differentiation population differentiation
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 6 6
The subject and tasks of zoology
1. Evolution is basically a monophyletic process tic,, development comes from one common root..
2. Formation of new systematic groups n occurs occurs through divergence - a historical process of divergence of signs. Part of the features in different systematic groups may arise by way of parallelism or convergence.
3. The animal organism is a whole a whole, in which all parts and organs are interconnected .. When, in the process of evolution, the structure and function of one organ changes, this causes correlative changes in other organs - the law of correlation or or correlative development.
4. Evolution is an irreversible process some development.
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal systems 7 7
The subject and tasks of zoology
Basic laws of phylogenetic development
5. The evolution of organisms is always accompanied are differentiated by parts and organs.
6. Oligomerization takes place in the evolution of animals erization (reduction in the number) of homologous organs in .. The decrease in the number of organs is accompanied by their progressive morphological and functional differentiation.
7. Evolution is characterized by an adaptive direction. biological progress ss is an adaptive evolution leading to flourishing and branching .. The criteria for the biological progress of a taxonaxon are: species diversity, high number, wide range of occupied ecological niches. The main paths of biological progress: aromorphosis, idioadaptation, degeneration, generation ..
Carcinology - crustaceans
Acarology - ticks
Arachnology - arachnids
Entomology - Insects
Ichthyology - fish
Herpetology - amphibians and reptiles
Ornithology - birds
Theriology (mammology) - mammals
Lecture 1. History and development of zoology. Animal world systems 10 10
Zoology - the science of animals In the previous biology course, you met representatives of the three kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants. Now you are starting to study a new kingdom of living organisms - Animals. In the previous biology course, you met representatives of the three kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants. Now you are starting to study a new kingdom of living organisms - Animals.
Zoology - the science of animals A branch of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life, relationships with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, roles in nature and significance for humans, is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - "animal", logos - "teaching"). The section of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life, relationships with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, role in nature and significance for humans, is called zoology (from the Greek zoon - "animal", logos - "teaching ").
Zoology - the science of animals Modern zoology is a system of animal sciences. Among them are morphology and anatomy, which study the external and internal structure of organisms, Modern zoology is a system of animal sciences. Among them are morphology and anatomy, which study the external and internal structure of organisms, cytology - their cellular structure cytology - their cellular structure
Zoology - the science of animals Physiology studies the activity of cells, organs, organ systems and whole organisms. Physiology studies the activity of cells, organs, organ systems and whole organisms. Embryology considers individual development organisms, Embryology considers the individual development of organisms, taxonomy - the classification of animals taxonomy - the classification of animals
Zoology - the science of animals An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationship of animals among themselves, as well as with other organisms and with the environment. An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationship of animals with each other, as well as with other organisms and with the environment. Paleontology is the study of fossil animals and their changes in the course of historical development. Paleontology is the study of fossil animals and their changes in the course of historical development.
Zoology - the science of animals The school course of zoology includes the basics of other sciences: The school course of zoology includes the basics of other sciences: genetics, which explains the patterns of heredity, genetics, which explains the patterns of heredity, zoogeography - the distribution of animals, zoogeography - the distribution of animals, ethology - their ethology behavior - their behavior
Zoology is the science of animals Zoology studies various groups animals, including insects; Zoology studies various groups of animals, including insects, fish, fish, birds, birds, mammals; mammals; special world animals are protozoa. the special world of animals is represented by protozoa.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure. Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure, 2) the ability to nutrition, 2) the ability to eat, 3) respiration, 3) excretion, 4) metabolism between the body and environment, 5) reproduction, growth, development.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 7) They can actively move around. Most of them get their own food, pursue prey. 7) They can actively move around. Most of them get their own food, pursue prey. 8) Animals have mastered all the environments of life: water, land, underground and air. 8) Animals have mastered all the environments of life: water, land, underground and air.
Animals are different from plants the following features. According to the following signs. 1) Animal cells do not have a hard cellulose membrane. 2) Unlike plants, animals eat ready-made organic matter. IN natural communities they play the role of consumers (consumers) of organic matter.
Diversity of animals Most of all on Earth are insects (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. Most of all insects on Earth (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squids. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squids. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different water bodies. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different water bodies.
Diversity of animals Modern birds (see also § 49) are few in comparison with other groups - 8600 species, more fewer mammals(see also § 51) - about 4000 species. There are few modern birds (see also § 49) compared to other groups - 8600 species, even fewer mammals (see also § 51) - about 4000 species. Animals are very diverse in appearance and internal structure size, lifestyle. Animals are very diverse in external and internal structure, size, lifestyle.
Diversity of animals Some move in the water with the help of cilia, others - thanks to the fins. Most land animals use their limbs to move. insects, birds, the bats wings are used for flight. Some move in the water with the help of cilia, others with fins. Most land animals use their limbs to move. Insects, birds, bats use their wings to fly.
Diversity of animals The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and have a mass of about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and lives on Earth is blue whale up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3). The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and have a mass of about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and lives on Earth is a blue whale up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3) .
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, way of life, but also by the role they play in natural communities. The role of animals in nature is great - pollinators of plants (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, fields would be completely different. Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, lifestyle, but also in the role they play in natural communities. The role of animals in nature is great - pollinators of plants (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, fields would be completely different.
The meaning of animals. Wild and Domestic Animals Many animals distribute the fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on wool and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing their germination and spread over long distances. Many animals distribute the fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on wool and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing their germination and spread over long distances.
The Negative Role of Animals in Natural Communities Many of them harm the plants they feed on. So, the mass appearance of caterpillars unpaired or ringed silkworm causes great damage to forests. They damage leaves, buds, young shoots. Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the mass appearance of gypsy or ringed silkworm caterpillars causes great harm to forests. They damage leaves, buds, young shoots.
Game animals A significant part of the protein food a person receives by catching fish in the seas and oceans, fishing sea animal, hunting for wild boars, deer, waterfowl and forest birds. A significant part of the protein food a person receives by catching fish in the seas and oceans, fishing for sea animals, hunting for wild boars, deer, waterfowl and forest birds.
The role of animals Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Exclusively importance for people have pets. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, down, leather, silk. pets perform various work Pets are extremely important for people. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, down, leather, silk. Pets do different jobs
The role of animals One of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) was a domesticated dog. The wolf was her ancestor. Now more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6). One of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) was a domesticated dog. The wolf was her ancestor. Now more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6).
Monuments to the dog The most famous monument to the dog, located in Paris, is dedicated to St. Bernard, who saved 40 people from under snow avalanches in the Alps. The most famous monument to the dog, located in Paris, is dedicated to the St. Bernard, who saved 40 people from avalanches in the Alps. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of sled dogs, who took the rider who lost his way to people. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of sled dogs, who took the rider who lost his way to people. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death.
In St. Petersburg, there is a monument to a dog that suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: "Let the dog, man's helper and friend from prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment." In St. Petersburg, there is a monument to a dog that suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: "Let the dog, man's helper and friend from prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment."
The role of animals Highest value had the domestication of a large cattle and horses. From them people get meat, milk, skins. In many areas, these animals are used as a draft force in the cultivation of the land and as vehicle. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds. Of greatest importance was the domestication of cattle and horses. From them people get meat, milk, skins. In many areas, these animals are used as a draft force in the cultivation of the land and as a vehicle. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds.
Animal husbandry Animal husbandry, including the keeping and breeding of cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, has become the most important industry Agriculture. The welfare of the people depends on his success. necessary products. Animal husbandry, including the keeping and breeding of cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, has become the most important branch of agriculture. The provision of people with the necessary products depends on its success.
Livestock Domestication of animals continues to this day. IN recent decades Silver-black foxes, arctic foxes, minks, and nutrias have been successfully domesticated. They are bred on fur farms. Work continues on the domestication of elk, capercaillie, ostriches. The domestication of animals continues to this day. In recent decades, silver-black foxes, arctic foxes, minks, and nutrias have been successfully domesticated. They are bred on fur farms. Work continues on the domestication of elk, capercaillie, ostriches.
Livestock Importance for scientific research, training biologists and doctors has the breeding of laboratory animals - mice, rats, guinea pigs. Long bred ornamental aquarium fish, canaries, parrots, weavers. The breeding of laboratory animals - mice, rats, guinea pigs - is of great importance for scientific research, training of biologists and doctors. For a long time decorative aquarium fish, canaries, parrots, weavers have been bred.
Conclusion Modern zoology is a system of sciences with important theoretical and practical value: Zoology, morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, embryology, taxonomy, ecology, paleontology, genetics, zoogeography, ethology. Modern zoology is a system of sciences of great theoretical and practical importance: Zoology, morphology, anatomy, cytology, physiology, embryology, systematics, ecology, paleontology, genetics, zoogeography, ethology.
Questions. 3. Using figure 1, make a plan for a story about the diversity and features of the external structure of animals. 4. What are the characteristics of animals? How are they different from plants? 5. Name the individual pests of crops and the ways you know how to deal with them.
Zoology - the science of animals The section of biology devoted to the study of animals, their diversity, structure and life, relationships with the environment, distribution, individual and historical development, role in nature and significance for humans, is called zoology (from the Greek. Zoon - "animal" , logos - "teaching").
Zoology - the science of animals An important part of zoology is ecology, which studies the relationship of animals among themselves, as well as with other organisms and with the environment. Paleontology is the study of fossil animals and their changes in the course of historical development.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants Animals, like most other living organisms, are characterized by the following features: 1) cellular structure, 2) ability to eat, 3) respiration, 3) excretion, 4) metabolism between the body and the environment, 5) reproduction, growth, development.
Similarities and differences between animals and plants 6) Animals are able to perceive stimuli and respond to them. 7) They can actively move around. Most of them get their own food, pursue prey. 8) Animals have mastered all the environments of life: water, land, underground and air.
Animals differ from plants in the following ways. Animal cells do not have a hard cellulose membrane. Unlike plants, animals feed on ready-made organic substances. In natural communities, they play the role of consumers (consumers) of organic matter.
Diversity of animals Most of all on Earth are insects (butterflies, beetles, flies, bees, etc.) - more than 1 million species. About 130 thousand species of mollusks are known: snails, slugs, pearl barley, squids. Over 20 thousand species of fish inhabit different water bodies.
Diversity of Animals Compared to other groups, modern birds (see also § 49) number a little - 8600 species, even fewer mammals (see also § 51) - about 4000 species. Animals are very diverse in external and internal structure, size, lifestyle.
Diversity of animals The smallest animals can only be seen under a microscope. Large land animals, such as elephants, reach a height of 3.5 m and have a mass of about 5 tons. The largest animal that has ever lived and lives on Earth is a blue whale up to 33 m long and weighing up to 150 tons (Fig. 3) .
The meaning of animals. Wild and domestic animals Animals are diverse not only in appearance, structure, lifestyle, but also in the role they play in natural communities. The role of animals in nature is great - pollinators of plants (Fig. 4). These are butterflies, beetles, flies, bumblebees, bees, etc. Without them, the appearance of our forests, meadows, fields would be completely different.
The meaning of animals. Wild and Domestic Animals Many animals distribute the fruits and seeds of plants. Some carry them on wool and feathers. In birds that feed on juicy fruits, the pulp is digested, and the seeds in a dense shell pass through the intestines without losing their germination and spread over long distances.
the negative role of animals in natural communities Many of them harm the plants they feed on. Thus, the mass appearance of gypsy or ringed silkworm caterpillars causes great harm to forests. They damage leaves, buds, young shoots.
The role of animals Predatory insects, birds and animals regulate the number of their victims, among which there are many pests of cultivated plants. Pets are extremely important for people. We get food from them (milk, eggs, honey), wool, down, leather, silk. Pets do different jobs
The role of animals One of the first (more than 10 thousand years ago) was a domesticated dog. The wolf was her ancestor. Now more than 400 breeds of hunting, service and decorative dogs have been bred. In gratitude for faithful service and devotion, people erected monuments to the dog (Fig. 6).
Monuments to the dog The most famous monument to the dog, located in Paris, is dedicated to St. Bernard, who saved 40 people from avalanches in the Alps. In Alaska, a monument was erected to the leader of sled dogs, who took the rider who lost his way to people. There are monuments to guide dogs, border guard dogs and those who remained faithful to their owners after their death.
In St. Petersburg, there is a monument to a dog that suffered in the name of science. It was built on the initiative of the great Russian physiologist Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. His words are written on the pedestal: "Let the dog, man's helper and friend from prehistoric times, be sacrificed to science, but our dignity obliges us to ensure that this happens without fail and always without unnecessary torment."
The role of animals The domestication of cattle and horses was of the greatest importance. From them people get meat, milk, skins. In many areas, these animals are used as a draft force in the cultivation of the land and as a vehicle. Most domesticated animals are mammals and birds.
Animal husbandry Animal husbandry, including the maintenance and breeding of cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, has become the most important branch of agriculture. The provision of people with the necessary products depends on its success.
