Presentation "Inhabitants of the world's oceans. Deep-sea world."
Planet Ocean Planet Ocean Earthly life originated in water. Earthly life originated in water. Everything that now crawls, runs and grows Everything that now crawls, runs and grows on the ground, everything that flies above the ground and everything that grows underground - everything was once on the ground, everything that flies above the ground and everything what grows underground - everything once came out of the water came out of the water
Area (million sq. m) Depth max. M Quiet - 178, 611.0333 Atlantic - 91.18648 Indian - 76.28648 Northern - 14, Arctic
Planet Ocean Land divides a huge expanse of water into four parts - these are the oceans. The World Ocean covers 2/3 of the globe, contains 97% of all water on earth. The largest of them is the Pacific Ocean, and there is also the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans
Inhabitants of the Planet Ocean Life in the ocean is incredibly diverse: it is home to species of organisms from microscopic single-celled algae and tiny animals to whales exceeding 30 meters in length
Marine fish amaze with the diversity of their species: there are many exotic fish, but they do not form the basis of its biological balance. Marine fish amaze with the diversity of their species: there are many exotic fish, but they do not form the basis of its biological balance. The main role belongs to small mass forms of sardines, anchovies, horse mackerel, herring The main role belongs to small mass forms of sardines, anchovies, mackerel, herring. These slender fish that feed on plankton are the main products of marine fisheries, they also serve as food for many predatory fish, seabirds, dolphins, seals and squid. These slender fish that feed plankton are the main products of marine fisheries; they also serve as food for many predatory fish, seabirds, dolphins, seals and squids
Dolphins Dolphins are very easy to tame because they are very smart and have exceptional learning abilities. Dolphins are very easy to tame because they are very smart and have exceptional learning abilities. They are incredibly friendly
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is second in size only to the Pacific Ocean; its area is approximately 91.56 million km2. It is distinguished from other oceans by its highly rugged coastline, forming numerous seas and bays, especially in the northern part.
Giant Rayfish The massive one-kilogram black rayfish known as "Zeus" has a diameter of 4 meters, including a 1-meter mouth. The massive one-kilogram black rayfish, known as "Zeus", has a diameter of 4 meters, including a 1-meter mouth.
Hosts of the Ocean The Indian Ocean shelters many animals that are dangerous to humans. The ocean has a large number of poisonous sea snakes, there are even saltwater crocodiles. Among the birds, frigates and albatrosses can be called hosts. Penguins live in the cold southern waters
Arctic Ocean About 40 million years ago there was a giant lake. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean on Earth by area, located between Eurasia and North America. Eurasia North America Area 14.75 million square meters. km, average depth 1225 m, greatest depth 5527 m in the Greenland Sea. Water volume 18.07 million km³. Greenland Sea
Narwhal Narwhal lives in the latitudes of the Arctic Ocean. Body length is m. The weight of males reaches 1.5 tons. The only tooth in males has grown in length and turned into a tusk
The polar bear is one of the largest land mammals and the largest predatory animal on the planet. The weight reaches kg, and sometimes even a ton. Under natural conditions, it lives for about 19 years. The polar bear is one of the largest land mammals and the largest predatory animal on the planet. The weight reaches kg, and sometimes even a ton. Under natural conditions, it lives for about 19 years. Polar bear Polar bear
Diversity of the Organic World The Pacific Ocean is characterized by an exceptional diversity of the organic world. This is explained by the size of the ocean and the variety of living conditions in its waters. It is believed that this ocean is the most ancient on our planet. The Pacific Ocean is characterized by an exceptional diversity of the organic world. This is explained by the size of the ocean and the variety of living conditions in its waters. It is believed that this ocean is the most ancient on our planet.
Sea turtle The sea turtle swims and dives well (its lungs are distinguished by branched bronchi). Typically, turtles stay in coastal waters, where at relatively shallow depths there are thickets of sea grasses, which serve as their main food.
Many fish Coral reefs are inhabited by many colorful coral fish. Most coral fish live closer to the seabed and feed on seaweed. Coral fish eat fungi that grow on the shell of a sea turtle. The sea turtle tries to stay close to these fish, waiting for the moment when the fish can carry out the cleaning procedure. Coral reefs are inhabited by many colorful coral fish. Most coral fish live closer to the seabed and feed on seaweed. Coral fish eat fungi that grow on the shell of a sea turtle. The sea turtle tries to stay close to these fish, waiting for the moment when the fish can carry out the cleaning procedure.
Humpback Whale (Humpback) The Humpback Whale (Humpback) is one of the most energetic of the large whales and is well known for its spectacular leaping out of the water, thrusting its tail and flapping its fins. The dorsal fin is hump-shaped. The humpback whale is one of the most energetic of the large whales and is well known for its spectacular leaping out of the water, thrusting its tail and flapping its fins. The dorsal fin is hump-shaped.
Beluga Beluga is a marine mammal of the dolphin family. Length - up to 6 m, weighs up to 2 tons. Lives in the northern seas. The beluga whale produces sound signals: whistling, squealing, roaring. It has a developed echolocation apparatus and, through sent and reflected ultrasounds, orients itself in the environment. The beluga whale is a marine mammal of the dolphin family. Length - up to 6 m, weighs up to 2 tons. Lives in the northern seas. The beluga whale produces sound signals: whistling, squealing, roaring. It has a developed echolocation apparatus and, through sent and reflected ultrasounds, orients itself in the environment.
Shark White shark - “white death”, as sailors and coastal residents call it.. It swims 15 meters in a second. Its length reaches seven to eight meters. This shark has a huge mouth. A large shark can effortlessly bite a person in half. But sharks rarely attack people. Favorite food: octopus, squid and fish. If the water in the sea is cool or cold, sharks do not eat anything at all. The white shark is the “white death”, as sailors and coastal residents call it.. It swims 15 meters in a second. Its length reaches seven to eight meters. This shark has a huge mouth. A large shark can easily bite a person in half. But sharks rarely attack people. Favorite food: octopus, squid and fish. If the water in the sea is cool or cold, sharks do not eat anything at all.
Killer whale Killer whale is a marine mammal of the dolphin subfamily. These are very agile creatures, the largest among carnivorous dolphins. Length up to 10 m, weight up to 8 tons. Widely distributed. Predator, attacks whales, pinnipeds, and penguins. The killer whale is a marine mammal of the dolphin subfamily. These are very agile creatures, the largest among carnivorous dolphins. Length up to 10 m, weight up to 8 tons. Widely distributed. Predator, attacks whales, pinnipeds, and penguins.
Walruses The walrus is a marine mammal of the pinniped order. Length up to 4 m, weighs up to 2 tons. The fangs of the upper jaw protrude from the mouth (in the male up to 80 cm). The distribution is almost circumpolar. Walruses feed at depths of 30 to 50 m on mollusks and crustaceans, and less often they eat worms, echinoderms, and fish.
Emperor Penguin Penguins are a group of swimming birds. The wings look like flippers. Length - from 40 cm, weigh from 3 to 42 kg. There are 17 species. They live on sea coasts. They swim and dive well. They nest in colonies. The penguin is listed in the Red Book. Penguins are a group of swimming birds. The wings look like flippers. Length - from 40 cm, weigh from 3 to 42 kg. There are 17 species. They live on sea coasts. They swim and dive well. They nest in colonies. The penguin is listed in the Red Book.
Slide 2
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and oldest of all oceans
Slide 3
Geographical position:
Bounded by the east coast of Eurasia of Australia, the west coast of North and South America, the Arctic Ocean in the north, and Antarctica in the south.
The Pacific Ocean is usually divided into northern and southern regions, the border of which runs along the equator.
Slide 4
Common data:
- Area 178.68 million km²
- Volume 710.36 million km³
- Average depth: 4,282 m.
- Greatest depth: 11022 m (Mariana Trench).
- Salinity: 30-36.5 ‰.
- The international date line runs along the 180th meridian of the Pacific Ocean.
- Exercise:
- Determine the extent of the ocean from north to south along the 180th meridian in degrees?
- Determine the extent of the ocean along the equator using a scale.
Slide 5
The name “Quiet” is associated with the name of F. Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan crossed it for the first time in 1519. The ocean was called “Pacific” because during the entire three months of the journey, Magellan’s ships did not encounter a single storm.
The Pacific Ocean at different times had several names:
- The Southern Ocean or Southern Sea (MardelSur) - this is how the Indians, the indigenous inhabitants of Central America, called it, and this name was adopted by the Spanish conquistador Balboa, the first European to see the ocean in 1513. Today, the Southern Ocean is the name given to the watery surroundings of Antarctica.
- The Great Ocean - named by the French geographer Buachem in 1753. The most correct, but not the most popular name.
- Eastern Ocean - sometimes called in Russia.
Slide 6
Ocean relief
Map of the depths of the Pacific Ocean.
The ocean floor is dotted with pits, crevices, and trenches, the depth of which is significantly greater than average. In northern latitudes there are trenches such as the North Aleutian and Kuril-Kamchatka. In the east: Peruvian and Central American. In the west there are two huge trenches - the Mariana and Philippine trenches.
Slide 7
The Mid-Ocean Ridge runs along the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Slide 8
The famous "Ring of Fire" of the Pacific Ocean
Slide 9
The Pacific Ocean is the calmest
Slide 10
Natural features of the ocean.
Two huge rings of water movement are formed in the ocean: northern and southern. The northern ring includes the North Trade Wind Current, Kuroshio, North Pacific and California Currents, the southern ring consists of the South Trade Wind Current, the East Australian Current, the West Wind Current and the Peruvian Current. Question to the class: What are the effects of ocean currents?
Slide 1
Inhabitants of the World Ocean
Slide 2
Jellyfish are one of the most ancient representatives of the population of the earth's oceans. They have organs capable of detecting infrasounds, by which these animals sense the approach of a storm. Based on the principle of the “ear” of a jellyfish, a device was designed that warns of the approach of a storm 15 hours in advance. Pelagia jellyfish can glow in the dark.
Slide 5
Arctic giant jellyfish
The Cyanaea capilata jellyfish lives in the northwest Atlantic. One of the representatives of this species, washed ashore in Massachusetts Bay, had a bell diameter of 2.28 m, and its tentacles extended 36.5 m.
Slide 7
sea wasp
The most poisonous jellyfish in the world is beautiful, but deadly. Since 1880 Off the coast of Queensland, 66 people died from its heart-paralytic poison. In the absence of medical care, victims died from paralysis of the respiratory organs within 1-3 minutes.
Slide 9
"Sea blubber"
In the waters of the Atlantic Ocean there lives a huge jellyfish, up to 2 m in diameter, called “sea blubber”. Its burn is so poisonous to humans that even if a jellyfish is placed in a barrel of water, a person will feel the burn just by touching the water.
Slide 11
octopuses
The largest octopus is considered to be Octopus apollyon, which lives in the coastal waters of the North Pacific Ocean. The length of its tentacles is over 7 m, weight more than 54 kg.
Slide 13
The octopus is capable of “purposeful use of tools.” Sometimes he, holding a stone in one of the tentacles, watches the pinna bivalve until it opens the shell, after which the octopus inserts a stone between the valves. The shell cannot close the valves and becomes an easy prey.
Slide 14
Pisces are real water-suckers. The amount of water consumed by fish per day is equal to its body weight. A person is content with 2.5 liters of water per day, which is approximately only 3% of his weight. Pisces distinguish between sweet, bitter, sour and salty. Taste organs are located on the whiskers, on the rays of the fins, and in many, throughout the body.
Slide 15
The adaptability of fish to water temperature is truly amazing. In California, in hot springs with a temperature of 52ºC, the Lucania fish lives, and in Chukotka and Alaska, in reservoirs that freeze to the bottom, the dalia fish lives. In winter it freezes into ice, and in summer it thaws and tolerates the polar climate well.
Slide 17
In the Caribbean Sea, scientists have found an exceptionally rare specimen of fish, between the eyes of which there is a specific organ that emits light. It lives at a depth of about 170 m, the light source is a special type of luminous bacteria. With their power, the fish illuminates a path almost 15 m long in front of it. Deep-sea anglerfish
Slide 19
In flounder, both eyes are located on one side of the flat body - on the one opposite the bottom of the reservoir.
Slide 21
Antenna fish, living in the depths of the sea, turned out to be champions of the underwater kingdom in terms of speed of grabbing prey. It takes them only 0.004 seconds to grab and swallow their prey.
Slide 22
The sunfish lays up to 300 million eggs (more than all other fish). If we consider that each egg is only about 1 mm in diameter, then all the eggs of one sunfish could stretch out into a chain 300 km long.
Slide 23
Slide 24
The predatory deep-sea bagfish, or “black eater” as it is called, has a body up to 30 cm long and manages to swallow prey almost twice its size. How does a fish deal with such exorbitant prey? It turns out that the body of the bagworm has no ribs, and its walls, together with the stomach, are able to expand in width.
Slide 25
Flying fish are found in the temperate and tropical parts of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. Their size reaches 50 cm. These fish are capable of flying over water, covering a distance of up to 100 m in the air. Longfins are even more adapted to flight. They can fly up to 250 m. When flying, the fins of fish do not flap, but act as a parachute.
Slide 26
Slide 27
Off the coast of Australia there is a fish whose body shape surprisingly resembles seaweed. This fish is called the “sea rag-picker”. When you look at a rag-picking seahorse, you get the impression that the fish is all hung with rags, ribbons and threads of various lengths, painted in the colors of the algae among which this miracle of nature feeds and hides.
Slide 28
Slide 29
Off the northeast coast of Australia there is a scorpionfish fish that has the ability to change color depending on the color of the environment. On the back of the scorpionfish there are very strong and sharp spines, at the base of which there are sacs with poison. Poisoning with this poison leads to painful death. The scorpionfish, like a snake, periodically changes its skin.
Slide 30
Slide 31
Among the stingrays there are real giants. In tropical waters, the manta ray lives, often up to 6 m long and weighing up to 4 tons. There are known cases when a harpooned stingray jumped out of the water and, falling on a boat with fishermen, drowned it. One day, whalers caught a sea ray of rare size: its skin weighed 500 kg. It is kept in the zoological museum of Moscow University.
Slide 32
Slide 33
The shark’s stomach is extremely strong, and what it cannot digest remains in it without visible harm to the owner. Curious things were found in the stomachs of sharks: postal parcels, cans of cocoa and coffee, canned fish and meat, gold coins and jewelry, pots, watches, clothes, the remains of an embalmed mummy, and even a portable typewriter.
Block width px
Copy this code and paste it onto your website
Slide captions:
MBDOU kindergarten No. 44, Ussuriysk Presentation “Inhabitants of the seas and oceans” Completed by: teacher Svetlana Yuryevna Arkhipova 2014 Diverse underwater world
- In space, our planet Earth appears blue. This is because the smaller part of it is land, and the larger part is oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, swamps.
- The underwater world of the seas and oceans is interesting and mysterious. It is home to a wide variety of animals, plants, and fish. Life in the ocean is much more diverse than on land, and many plants and animals are found only in the seas. Both protozoa and mammals live in ocean waters. Even now, scientists are finding new, undiscovered animals. On the seabed you can see animals that look surprisingly similar to plants. Sea anemones resemble bright, whimsical flowers, corals resemble a fairy-tale forest. Radiant stars deftly, like gymnasts, turn over, moving forward, looking for prey. The prickly hedgehogs “walk” as if on stilts.
- Ilya Gurevich
- Although the sea anemone is beautiful, it burns like nettles. The fish were all scared. They stayed in their houses. Only the CLOWN took root in her. He became close friends with her.
- Sea anemones or fleshy polyps. They look like colorful bouquets of flowers. These are large animals up to 1 m high with soft tubular bodies.
- The cylindrical body of sea anemones is narrowed at the top and has a mouth surrounded by rows of tentacles. From below, the body ends with a “sole”, with which the animal sticks to underwater objects.
- The sea anemone's tentacles resemble flowers: chrysanthemums, dahlias and asters; They are painted in different colors: there are purple, brown, snow-white, green, pale blue. Bright “petals” are movable tentacles; thin threads charged with poison are hidden in them. If a curious fish approaches the insidious “flower”, it gets severely burned. The tentacles of the sea anemone quickly grab the prey and send it into its mouth..
- Sea anemones live alone. Some of them are motionlessly attached to stones and mollusk shells; others are buried in the ground. They can also cover short distances.
- S. A. Antonyuk
- At the bottom of the sea star lies, not moving - probably sleeping. That star has five arms - the star can eat with its hands. And for her, a crustacean, a shrimp - It’s like candy for the guys!
- Starfish live in all the oceans of the world. They prefer to live in coastal areas, coral reefs, and warm shallow waters. The sea star looks like a star in the sky, but belongs to the sea. Stars can be of different colors and different sizes. Their body consists of rays surrounding the mouth opening. There can be 5 or even 50 rays. If you turn the star on its back, bending the rays and resting on the bottom, it returns to its normal position. From below the rays you can see many tube legs. These legs have suction cups at the end that stick to surfaces to climb or crawl along them. They help the star hunt shellfish. The star releases its stomach and envelops the victim with it.
- Inna Sudareva
- A thorn lives at the bottom - a gloomy, mean Hedgehog. It clings to pebbles and feeds on sea grass.
- Sea urchins live in all seas and oceans, living on the bottom. The main condition for their favorable existence is salt water. The sea urchin is curled into a tight ball and never unfolds. He has no muzzle, but only a mouth, with strong teeth, right on his abdomen. These animals can eat not only algae, mollusks, sponges, but also their own kind - small sea urchins and starfish. And sea urchins themselves are prey for fur seals, lobsters, birds, and starfish (adults). All the hedgehog's needles are movable; with their help, hedgehogs move, protect themselves from predators, and get food. Some hedgehogs have short needles, others have long, sometimes poisonous ones. The most common colors of sea urchins are red and pink, less common are brown, green, black, white, and red.
- There is an oval shell. Looks like a hat!
- Knowing no other home other than the sea,
- will give life to its offspring by crawling out onto the sand.
- (Sea turtle)
- Sea turtles are inhabitants of salt waters. Adapted to life in the warm ocean. Unlike terrestrial turtles they are large in size.
- They have a flat oval shell, two hind legs and developed front flippers, which makes them good swimmers.
- And they come to land only to lay eggs.
- The mother turtle looks for a suitable place on the beach and begins to rake the sand with her hind legs until a round hole is formed. She lays eggs in it, after which she fills it with sand and compacts it, making the clutch invisible. Then he returns to the ocean. Sea turtles are able to return unerringly to their birthplace after many years. Turtles have no teeth. But the jaws are covered with pointed horny plates. They feed on zooplankton, small fish, and plant foods.
- A. Rechushkin
- Corals live in the depths of the sea On a cozy and blue quaint bottom In branched corals, fish scurry about Corals gave them food and comfort.
- Underwater thickets at the bottom of seas and oceans are formed by many coral polyps. Large concentrations of corals form coral reefs and coral islands. Coral polyps have a calcareous skeleton. Inside every lime branch is life. The branches are connected by thin tubes and can exchange food with each other. If one coral lacks prey, another will share with it. A coral “bush” is one living family. Most coral polyps inhabit warm tropical seas. Feeds on plankton. Usually during the day the polyps shrink, and at night they stretch out and straighten their tentacles, with the help of which they catch various small animals. Large single polyps are capable of catching large animals: fish, shrimp.
- Inna Sudareva
- The young lady-Medusa in lush lace dances merrily on the sea waves. Long earrings suit her very well. The Pisces are all swimming to admire them.
- Jellyfish are almost composed of water and have gelatinous symmetrical body. Their color can be white, pink, yellow, orange, red, blue, green and multicolor. The largest jellyfish grows more than 1 m. At the bottom of the bell-shaped body is the mouth of the jellyfish, surrounded by tentacles. They feed on small marine organisms, ctenophores, crayfish and sometimes other jellyfish. They are prey for sunfish, sea turtles and large marine animals. Box jellyfish- Jellyfish with a body structure similar to a cubic umbrella are poisonous in nature and they produce painful stings, you need to beware of them. The movement of jellyfish depends on the ocean current, tides and air currents. Jellyfish move horizontally and vertically by muscle contractions. Some of them are sensitive to light and swim below during the daytime. Jellyfish constantly need water to survive. Lack of water leads to the death of these marine animals.
- N. Tomilina
- A beautiful house near a clam, but very small and narrow. But he grows with him, almost without requiring any hassle.
- Sea mollusks (soft-bodied) hide their bodies in hard shells. Mollusks live in the oceans and seas, these are: mussels, oysters, snails, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses. The body sizes of adult mollusks range from a few mm to 20 m. Most of them are sedentary animals, some of them lead a life attached to the bottom (mussels, oysters), and only cephalopods (squid, octopuses) are able to move quickly in a reactive manner. Bivalves: mussels, scallops, oysters at first glance seem helpless and motionless. If you take them out of the sea and leave them alone for a while, you can see how the valves will open slightly, the triangular leg of the mollusk will appear from there and it will begin to quickly and deftly bury itself in the sand, helping itself with the shell valves: it will either move them apart, or close them, scraping away the sand. Or maybe crawl along the sand if you don’t like the new place. These mollusks live up to 15 years, filtering the water, feeding on plankton. Since ancient times, people have highly valued pearls and mother-of-pearl, which are obtained from pearl oysters, sea animals. A pearl is formed when a foreign body, a grain of sand, gets into the shell of a bivalve mollusk. The mollusk begins to cover it with layers of nacre. The ball is gradually growing. The role of bivalve mollusks is especially important in cleaning water bodies from organic pollution. Seashells are the hard outer shells without the soft shellfish body. They can be found on the seashore. They are very beautiful. If you put a shell to your ear, you can hear the sound of the sea.
- “Octopus” by N. Tomilin
- He looks cute
- At least it can be poisonous!
- The mollusk has eight legs.
- That's bottom... (Octopus)
- An octopus is bored at the bottom. He folded his eight legs sadly. More precisely, eight long arms - No one is swimming around.
- Octopuses are animals with 8 legs and are representatives of mollusks. The body of an octopus is naked, and the tentacles, i.e. “legs” and at the same time “arms,” grow directly from the head. There are many suckers on the tentacles. The octopus can change color to adapt to its environment. Its usual color is brown. If the octopus is scared, it turns white; if it is angry, it turns red. It feeds on mollusks, fish, and crustaceans. The octopus captures prey with all eight tentacles, bites the victim with its beak, holding it with its suction cups. The octopus releases a large cloud of ink, a black liquid, that helps it escape from pursuit. This is how he manages to hide from his enemies. Among the octopuses there are giants reaching 10-12 m. They are called octopuses.
- That cephalopod is a mollusk -
- A dozen hands, suckers plus.
- Quite a large specimen.
- What's his name? (Squid)
- The squid has 10 legs, even more than the octopus. Eight of them are short, and two are long, catching, can stretch greatly when catching prey and contract when swimming. Usually the animal's arms are armed with suction cups and hooks. The squid's body is elongated, pointed at the back. With its legs extended, it looks like a rocket. And it moves like a rocket using a jet of water. The speed of movement of a squid is greater than that of an octopus; when chasing a fish, it can jump out of the water to a height of seven meters. The squid has the largest eyes. He has excellent eyesight
- better than that of a human. Squid - one one of the most unusual sea creatures. He has not one, but three hearts. Despite its large size (there are real monsters up to 20 m long), the squid has no bones at all. Dragged onto land, these animals turn to jelly.
- Squid have blue blood. Squids feed on mollusks and small crustaceans. Sometimes they eat their fellow creatures. The squids themselves serve as food for larger fish, birds and sea animals. Giant sperm whales feed on large squid. To scare away enemies, the squid releases a cloud of dark ink.
- Fleeing from strong enemies, backing my head back, I disguise myself in an inky, torn robe. (Cuttlefish, “inkwell” mollusk)
- She swims underwater, Always backwards, Constantly runs away, Scares everyone with ink. (Cuttlefish)
- Cuttlefish are soft-bodied cephalopods. The cuttlefish is not as mobile as the squid. One part of the leg is turned into tentacles located on the head. They surround the mouth with oral jaws curved like a beak. The other part of the leg forms a funnel. In case of danger, “ink” is thrown out of it. They are poisonous to predatory fish. Cuttlefish can not only change their color, but also glow. Mollusks do not glow on their own, but thanks to special glowing bacteria on their body. With the help of such a glow, cuttlefish attract prey, give signals to their fellows, and sometimes simply defend themselves from enemies. An unexpectedly bright flash of light has a stunning effect on enemies. During this time, the mollusk quickly swims away to a safe place. The cuttlefish changes color depending on the background and becomes invisible. Eight short tentacles are open, two long ones are hidden in special pockets. When a fish swims next to it, the cuttlefish instantly throws out its “arms” and grabs the prey. Cuttlefish live mainly in warm seas.
- N. Tomilina.
- Putting on a beautiful light shell and bravely putting out his claws, the Crab performs a formidable dance. He's trying so hard - look!
- Crab is a Crustacean. Life on the seabed is very dangerous. Crabs are protected by a strong, hard shell. Growing up, the crab exchanges its old shell for a new one. The crabs have a small head, a short abdomen, and are hidden under the upper shield. The front pair of limbs are armed with powerful claws. With their help, the crab attacks and defends itself. They live in the seas. Sometimes they reach large sizes. A giant crab caught off the coast of Japan had a distance between the ends of its claws of more than 3 m. Among the Kamchatka crabs there are giants. The width of their shell reaches even 26 cm. Decapods are very active animals. The crab lives 50 years. Some crabs destroy commercial shellfish - oysters and mussels, and also spoil fishing nets.
- Usually runs sideways
- And as quickly as forward.
- Cuts prey with a claw,
- If she doesn't get away. (Cancer) Cancer is h sloth-footed sea animal. Crustaceans include: large marine lobster crayfish, mantis crabs, hermit crabs. They live in fresh and salt waters. Cancer has a well-developed sense of touch, smell, hearing and vision. Compound eyes that see the whole image. As the body grows, its hard shell becomes tight. The cancer has to shed its shell and molt. In this state, the cancer becomes helpless and hides even from relatives who can eat it. Some crayfish live up to 50 years. A representative of crustaceans is the hermit crab. He was unlucky because... there is no shell on its abdomen. To protect himself from enemies, he hides his soft body in an empty shell. The hermit uses the empty shells of dead gastropods as shelter. He feels the empty shell for a long time, then, approaching the entrance, he pulls himself up, as if by “hands,” and carries his abdomen into the house. In a calm state, not burdened with searching for food, the hermit crab buries itself halfway in the sand, and in case of danger, it dives sharply into the depths of the shell and closes the mouth with its claws. Crayfish are close relatives of crabs. They differ from crabs by the presence of a “tail” - abdomen. A hermit crab lives in partnership with a sea anemone, which has settled in its shell house. It provides the sea anemone with food and transportation. Sea anemone repels attacks from predators with its burning tentacles.
- Crayfish feed on mollusks, annelids, echinoderms, and the remains of dead fish.
- Fish
- A wide variety of fish live in the depths of the sea and ocean. There are those who don’t need to hide, they can stand up for themselves. A swordfish, armed with a sword, quickly attacks a concentration of fish, inflicting fatal blows on its victims. Touch-me-not hedgehog fish, if an enemy is nearby, they immediately puff up and expose their needles. They are not only prickly, but also poisonous. Parrotfish are beautifully colored, but have powerful jaws that pose a danger to inexperienced divers. The angler fish has prepared a cunning tackle. Hanging above his head is a luminous thread with a “bait” that looks like a crustacean. The anglerfish buries itself in the sea mud, leaving its fishing rod behind. A passing fish grabs the bait and ends up in the toothy mouth of the anglerfish. The sea cat has a long tail with a sharp spike and notch, and also with poison. The sea cat needs it for protection. Flying fish do not stand out in the water. Its long fins are folded like a fan, pressed to the sides. Jumping out of the sea, with spread winged fins, the slave flies at high speed over the waves, escaping from predators. The needlefish lives among the algae. It looks like a stalk and floats upward with a long stigma. It opens its mouth slightly, puffs out its cheeks and sucks up crustaceans like a vacuum cleaner. Largemouth fish bear little resemblance to fish. She has a large and toothless mouth that stretches like a bag. And on the long tail of the largemouth there is a small “flashlight”. IT glows and lures crustaceans. They are all swallowed in the open huge mouth of the large mouth.
- Like a torpedo with fins.
- With very scary fangs!
- With a keen sense of smell he senses the victim,
- Day and night everything moves. (Shark)
- The shark is called the thunder of the seas. These are large and toothy fish. Sharks have six rows of teeth and are sharp as a saw! If a tooth breaks or disappears, another one takes its place. The skin of many sharks is covered with scales with sharp spines. Therefore, touching a shark causes severe wounds. Sharks scare away and destroy fish, tear nets, and sometimes attack dolphins and whales. White sharks, tiger sharks, and hammerhead sharks are very dangerous. The hammerhead shark has a hammer-like head. This shark is small but very dangerous. Many people have been hurt and killed by sharks, especially in shipwrecks. The most common sharks that attack humans are the great white shark, the tiger shark, and the bull shark. Swimmers and boats are most often attacked by white sharks.
- Sometimes sharks accompany ships and grab everything that flies overboard. Not all sharks are predators. The whale shark is the largest - up to 20 m. This giant shark is even larger than a bus. The whale shark feeds on zooplankton: small crustaceans, mollusks, and larvae living in the water. It is not dangerous for people.
- A mountain with a fountain plows through,
- The tail beats, the water boils -
- Swims important (Whale).
- A giant is swimming on the sea.
- He rinses his toothless mouth. It strains, releases a fountain, and then floats across the sea. N. Tomilina.
- If a fountain is visible in the sea, it means a whale. Whales are marine animals and are not fish. They breathe with their lungs, not with gills. Baby whales feed on milk. They live in all oceans and seas and never go onto land. Some whales have teeth, while others do not. But toothless whales have mustaches. Such a whale swallows water into its mouth along with small sea animals: mollusks, jellyfish, crustaceans. Then he will express the water through a mustache sieve, and then lick what’s left with his tongue and swallow it. Blue whale - The baleen whale is the largest animal on our planet that has ever lived (larger than the famous dinosaurs) and has a heart the size of a car. The largest whales are baleen whales. They have many folds on the skin below. Whales catch small crustaceans, capturing them along with the water, and then filtering them through their hard whiskers. The sperm whale is a toothed whale. Hunts large mollusks: cuttlefish, giant squid, fish. The humpback whale is neither small nor large. It loves to jump above the water, spreading its pectoral fins like wings. The humpback whale can "sing" - creaking, squeaking, howling. They call him the cheerful whale.
- "Dolphins" Natalya Matyukh
- Everyone knows about dolphins - There are no more interesting animals: Sharp intelligence, dexterous movements and easy to train.
- Dolphins are the most intelligent marine mammals and belong to the cetaceans. In nature, there are almost forty species of dolphins (bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, gray dolphins, cetaceans, humpback dolphins, etc.). Dolphins breathe with their lungs, not their gills. People can always see the faces of dolphins on the surface of the sea because dolphins can stay underwater for about 3-5 minutes. Smart, inquisitive, playful and good-natured inhabitants of the sea live next to people. Dolphins' vision is universal; they see perfectly both underwater and on the surface. Some species of dolphins do not dive to great depths at all, others dive as deep as whales. They live in almost all the seas and oceans of our planet: from the northernmost cold waters to the Red Sea. Some dolphins live in rivers, such as the Amazon pink dolphins. And the most common - bottlenose dolphin or small bottlenose dolphin - live in the warm waters of the tropics. All dolphins feed on various types of fish and squid. Their teeth and jaws are not designed for chewing movements, and dolphins swallow fish whole. The dolphin's brain is almost the same size as the human brain. But Dolphins live in an aquatic environment, which has developed other mental abilities. They have more developed hearing, vision and other senses necessary for life under water. Dolphins have excellent eyesight and absolutely unique hearing. Dolphins can make different sounds sounds: whistling, pulsating sound and clicking. Whistling is used for communication. Various pulsating sounds express the emotions of dolphins: anger, fear, excitement. Clicks are used to determine direction. This allows you to perfectly navigate in the water, find each other and food. Dolphins are placed in dolphinariums or aquariums and are trained and perform to entertain spectators. Dolphins have an amazing ability to heal people. Communication with these animals has a positive effect on the human body, especially on children. Swimming with dolphins relieves chronic pain, improves immunity and even helps children develop speech. If dolphins “dance” for 30-40 minutes around a patient every day, it will give an impetus to recovery. Dolphins easily and friendly communicate with other animals, and they reciprocate. Dolphins live in schools. They always help each other and never leave each other in trouble. They even save people from shipwrecks.
- Walruses and seals are pinnipeds. They adapted well to swimming in the sea and instead of legs they had flippers. They spend more time at sea. Cubs are born on land or on ice floes. Many seals eat fish, but among them there are those that feed on octopuses, squids, and crustaceans. Walruses catch shellfish by diving to the seabed for them. On land, walruses and eared seals move in short leaps, as their flippers can bend. Real seals are clumsy and helpless. Far away in the cold northern seas live walruses - amazing giants. Huge and gentle, good-natured and clumsy. They have a thick and bristly “beard” and huge tusks, and their bodies are pink in the sun. Walruses swim among the ice floes and do not freeze. They will be saved by a thick layer of fat under the skin. Walruses use their tusks to dig up food (shellfish) from the seabed, protect themselves from enemies, and also support themselves when climbing onto ice and land. Clumsy on land, walruses are agile underwater. Seals are predatory pinnipeds adapted to life in the sea. They are especially numerous in the cold zone; a large number of their species are found beyond the Arctic Circle. They are found in lakes Baikal and Ladoga. Steller sea lion is the largest of the eared seals. Body weight more than 1000 kg. Although outwardly clumsy, they can climb low cliffs and then bravely throw themselves down into the sea. The hooded seal can perform “tricks”. When he gets angry, a ball instantly inflates on his head, as if he were about to play football among the ice floes. If the mood is peaceful, then the ball disappears. The crested cat has a nasal sac that fills with air and deflates. The seal can also blow a pink bubble out of its nostril to defend its interests. To protect against the cold, seals have a thick layer of fat under their skin. The enemies of seals on earth are polar bears and people.
- The enemies of seals on earth are polar bears and people.
- The world of sea and ocean inhabitants is rich and diverse. How many amazing and informative things you can learn about the animals and plants of the deep sea! We humans must love animals and treat all living things with care. Follow the rules of behavior when being or relaxing in nature.
- You should not break a mollusk shell for fun. Or after playing with sea crab, starfish, and algae, take them home. It is necessary to return living inhabitants carefully to the seabed.
- Do not throw garbage into the sea. Even a tiny bag thrown away can cause harm. For example, a turtle will decide that it is a jellyfish, swallow it, and this bag will remain in its stomach forever. 3-4 such bags, and there will be no room left in the turtle’s stomach to just eat normally. She will die of hunger.
- Every year, three times the weight of trash dumped into the ocean than fish is caught.
- If plastic items are left on the shore of a sea beach: disposable tableware, drink bottles, candy wrappers, chocolates, food bags, shoes, broken toys, then during a storm, an overwhelming wave will carry it all into the ocean. Plastic kills countless seabirds, marine mammals and countless fish every year. Plastic debris remains for years, threatening the lives of thousands of marine life.
- 1 “About the seas and oceans” A.V. Tikhonov M. “Bustard-plus” 2006
- 2. A.T. Volobuev “5 riddles about everything for children” Creative Center Sphere M. 2008
- 3. Children's encyclopedia “World of the Sea” by V. Bologova, I. Shadrina. M. "Mahogany", 2012
- 4. P. Mennen “Children’s encyclopedia in pictures.” Smolensk "Rusich." 2009.
- 5. "Riddles." S. Sandalova, Y. Martynova. – M. “Ast-Press”, 2007.
- 6. “Atlas of seas and oceans” by T. S. Zhabinskaya - Kharkov. "Family Leisure Club", 2012
- 7. Photos – Internet – resources.
- 8. T.I. Popova. The world around us. “Materials of a comprehensive program of cultural-ecological education and moral education of children of preschool and primary school age.” – M., 1998.
- 9. S.N. Nikolaeva Methods of environmental education in kindergarten M., “Enlightenment”, 2001.