Presentation on the topic "Madagascar". Madagascar General characteristics The Republic of Madagascar is an island state located in southeast Africa
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The capital of Madagascar is Antananarivo
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Climate
The island's climate is shaped by the southeast trade wind and the South Indian Anticyclone.
Tropical, with hot and rainy summers (November-April) and cooler and drier winters (May-October)
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Flora
The flora on the island of Madagascar attracts with a fairly high concentration of endemics
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Fauna
Madagascar, located in East Africa, is home to various rare animals.
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Waterfall - "Lily"
There is a legend associated with this waterfall. 40 years ago, a foreigner lived in a village; he had his own field. And there was a daughter named Lily. One day the girl went to the river to swim and did not return. Although the entire village was searched for Lily, she was never found. Most likely, fast currents carried her away. Then the villagers decided to name the waterfall “Lily” in memory of the girl. And the river that leads to the waterfall is also now called Lily.
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Lake Alautra
The Maninguri River originates from Lake Alautra.
Located in the northeast of the island of Madagascar in the province of Toamasina.
The largest lake in Madagascar
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River-Betsibuka
The Betsibuka River flows near the town of Maevatanana. Water dust from the overthrow of its waters from narrow ramparts rises much higher than the tallest trees. And the waters have an unusual reddish color.
Many believe that the red-brown color of the waters of this river is a sign of an environmental disaster.
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Population
Number - 20,042,552 people.
Madagascar's main national wealth is children. Their absence is a great misfortune for the family, since no one will perform the necessary rituals over the remains of a childless person.
All residents of Madagascar speak related dialects of the Malagasy language, which is close in vocabulary and grammar to the languages of the population of Western Indonesia.
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Cuisine of Madagascar
The cuisine of Madagascar mainly consists of rice dishes (wari) with side dishes (lauca). In the south, rice is sometimes replaced with crushed dried corn. Malagasy cuisine was significantly influenced by the culinary traditions of France, China and India, and to a lesser extent East African and Arabic ones.
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MADAGASCAR is an island country. The fourth largest island in the world. The capital of the state is a 12-letter word. The name translates as “city of a thousand warriors.” Answer: Antananarivo. Flag of the state Emblem Money: Malagasy ariar
Baobab is the symbol of Madagascar. The fruit of the baobab is the “monkey breadfruit tree.”
Sweet Treasure Island Anil Coconuts Cocoa Beans Nuts - Cashew
RESIDENTS OF THE RING LEMURS In Madagascar, lemurs are considered sacred animals. There is a legend that they were once human. Mouse lemur
Funny animals tenrecs that look like hedgehogs. To protect themselves from predators, they curl into a ball and spread their spiky hair. Madagascar's largest predator, the fossa, has a cat's body and a dog's nose, but is considered neither a cat nor a dog. It is a rare endangered animal. It is twice the size of a common domestic cat and hunts primarily birds and lemurs. The long tail helps the Fossa to maintain balance while climbing trees.
Very small Multi-colored frog Tropical frog This is one of the tiniest chameleons in the world! It is only 16 mm in height and 30 mm in length from nose to tail.
Who is this? Leaf-tailed gecko Belted tail Mammal Aye-aye Insect Weevil - giraffe Caterpillar
"Supermarket on a tree." Breadfruit Sausage tree
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General characteristics The Republic of Madagascar is an island state located in southeast Africa. Madagascar is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel. The capital of the republic is the city of Antananarivo with a population of about one and a half million people. The territory of the state occupies 596 thousand square kilometers. The Republic of Madagascar is divided into 6 provinces. This country has two official languages - Malagasy and French. The main religions in the republic are Christianity and Islam. The currency in Madagascar is the Malagasy franc. It is worth saying that June 26 is a national holiday in Madagascar, since this day has been Independence Day since 1960. Madagascar has been a member of the United Nations since 1960, a member of the African Union since 2002, a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, a member of the Southern African Development Community, a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, a member of the Indian Ocean Association for Regional Cooperation since 1997, and a member of the Common Market for Eastern Europe. and South Africa since 1994.
Climate One third of the territory of the Republic of Madagascar covers the highlands. Note that there are many extinct volcanoes on the island, and earthquakes often occur. The highest point is Marumukutru Peak and is 2876 meters high. The eastern coast is occupied by coastal lowlands, and the western coast is occupied by low plains. Among the island's minerals you can find bauxite, graphite, iron, gold, limestone, quartz, cobalt, monazite, nickel, niobium, rubies, sapphires, mica, titanium, coal, uranium, chromium. The climate of the Republic of Madagascar is tropical. Average monthly air temperatures in the lowlands range from plus 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, in the highlands the temperature ranges from 13 to 20 degrees Celsius. The amount of precipitation per year ranges from 1000 to 1500 millimeters. Note also that cyclones occur quite often on the east coast. There are many rivers flowing on this island, most of which have rapids and waterfalls: Betsibuka, Ikupa, Manguki, Mahavawi, Sufia, Unilahi and many others.
Government system Madagascar is a republic. The constitution in force was adopted in 1992, with amendments in 1998. The head of state and supreme commander is the president, who is elected by universal suffrage for a 5-year term. The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate, elected for 4 years, and the National Assembly. The judicial system is based on French civil law using common law. There are the highest constitutional, high, supreme and appellate courts, as well as courts for civil and criminal cases. The armed forces consist of 13.5 thousand people (including the army - 12.5 thousand people, the navy - 500 people and the air force with the same number). 7.5 thousand people serve in gendarmerie units.
Economy Madagascar is among the least developed countries in the world. About 75 percent of Madagascar's residents qualify as poor, with a per capita income of approximately $260. The share of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product is 34.5 percent. The main crops are: rice, bananas, corn, cassava and sweet potatoes. Livestock and poultry farming are developed only for domestic consumption. Fishing is of industrial importance. In 2003, the share of industry in GDP was 7.8 percent. The mining industry is poorly developed. The paper, woodworking, leather, furniture, brewing, tobacco and textile industries are expanding. Factories for the production of agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers and cement, as well as enterprises for the production of medicines, soap and glass, are actively operating. The development of the transport system is complicated by the mountainous nature of the area and strong cyclones. The total length of railways is 893 kilometers, and roads - 49.84 thousand kilometers.
Ethnic composition Malagasy is an ethnic group that forms the main population of Madagascar. They speak Malagasy (Malgash), a language belonging to the Indonesian group of the Austronesian language family. The total population is about 20 million people. The self-name goes back to the adjective from the word "Madagascar", thus, Malagasy is "Madagascar" in the Malagasy language, which in turn also means "Madagascar".
Tourism Madagascar is often called the “dream island”. Tourists are attracted to the island by the beauty of nature, the splendor and diversity of flora and fauna, as well as the uniqueness of the national culture. In 2007, more than 170 thousand foreign tourists visited Madagascar. Most tourists arrived from France, Mauritius, the USA, Canada, Italy and Germany. Income from tourist visits in 2007 amounted to more than $100 million. Most tourists usually visit the presidential palace, the national music museum, the handicraft market, Portuguese forts, Arab mosques and shopping arcades, and national parks. The reserves of Andasibe, Berenti, Isalu, Montagne-d'Ambre, Tsaratanana, Lukube, Tsimbazaza and many others deserve special attention.
Society Education. The first schools were opened by British missionaries in Antananarivo. Compulsory 5-year primary education, which children receive from the ages of 6 to 11 years. Secondary education (7 years) begins at the age of 11 and takes place in two cycles – 4 and 3 years. Healthcare. Yellow fever and malaria are common. Lack of clean drinking water (47% of the population has constant access to it) leads to outbreaks of intestinal infectious diseases, incl. bilharzia. In 2003, there were 140 thousand people with AIDS and HIV-infected people, 7.5 thousand people died. In 2001, 42% of the population had access to health care. 3.5 thousand doctors are registered, of which 2.38 thousand are in the capital and its environs (2005). According to the UN report on the humanitarian development of the planet (2001), Madagascar was in 149th place in the ranking of countries. Architecture, fine arts and crafts. Folk dwellings are rectangular (less often round) in plan, huts under a pointed gable roof, the proportions are elongated upward. Houses in different areas of the island differ only in the building material used. The craftsmen of the Zafimanira people decorate the roofs, doors and shutters of their homes with elaborate carvings of a sculptural and geometric nature. (Based on their carvings, industrial furniture production began on the island in the 19th century). In modern cities, houses are built from brick and reinforced concrete structures. Music. National music has long traditions and was formed under the influence of Arabic (mainly Egyptian), African and European (primarily French) musical cultures. In the 20th century she is influenced by Latin American melodies and modern pop culture.
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