Presentation for a drawing lesson (middle group) on the topic: Floral patterns “Polkhov-Maidan. Floral patterns of Polkhovsky Maidan
Municipal educational institution
Methodological development
"Floral patterns of Polkhov-Maidan"
Getting to know Polkhov-Maidan painting
junior schoolchildren (grades 1-3)
, teacher of additional education of the highest qualification category
2008
1. Explanatory note.
2. Maintaining. The importance of classes on materials of folk painting.
3.
4.
- Lesson 1. Introduction to the traditions and techniques of Polkhov-Maidan painting. Performing the simplest elements.
- Lesson 2. Creating a sketch of a painted spoon (the sketch is the basis of the work).
- Lesson 3. Painting a wooden spoon.
- Lesson 4. Final.
5. Literature.
Types of activities" href="/text/category/vidi_deyatelmznosti/" rel="bookmark">types of activities of children, and this in turn contributes to the child’s holistic understanding of the surrounding nature, man, and identification of his “I.” As a result of this approach, children clearly represent the artistic image being created, which influences the solution of creative problems in the course of artistic and practical activities.
3. History of the development and emergence of the Polkhov-Maidan fishery.
History of the fishery. The village of Polkhovsky Maidan is a forested area remote from the railways. It has been noticed that villages where crafts flourish are located close to monasteries. Maidan is also located not far from the Diveyevo Monastery. Previously, these were centers not only of spiritual life: the monasteries had money, and orders came from them for the same wooden spoons and utensils. Serf peasants who ran away from their owners settled near monasteries and under their protection - this can explain the not entirely Russian name of the village and the spirit of the local population.
Since the middle of the 19th century, in the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, they began to produce unpainted turned wooden utensils, which were sold at fairs. Since the early 1920s. Polkhov-Maidan dishes began to be covered with a burnt outline design. Soon the burning began to be painted with oil paints, and in the mid-1930s. aniline dyes diluted in alcohol. Gradually, the burnt outline of the design is replaced by cheaper and easier to use ink.
Although the fishery developed successfully, it was in the 20s of the 20th century that many problems arose. The craftsmen were forced to work on the collective farm, were given large plots of land for vegetable gardens, cordons and ambushes were set up, and goods were not accepted in Soviet stores. However, among them there were specialists who traveled from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, selling nesting dolls, whistles, piggy banks, and pistols that shoot corks.
In in Polkhovsky Maidan, the “Red Dawn” artel is formed from individual craftsmen. At the same time, the basic techniques of local painting were determined. “Flowers with guidance” is a floral painting outlined with a clear black outline. “Flowers without guidance” is a drawing that is drawn on the background without a linear outline. The “oil” technique is painting with oil or nitro paints on a colored background. “Mottling” is the simplest brush painting with strokes or dots.
In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Polkhov-Maidan Toy Factory. At the same time, the production of similar painted objects began in the village of Krutets, located a few kilometers from Polkhovsky Maidan. Using experience, turning forms and painting techniques from neighbors, Krutets masters make minor changes. For example, their nesting dolls are more rounded, and subjects appear more often in the painting of the dishes.
In 1972, in the regional center of Voznesenskoye, on the basis of a toy factory, the production and artistic association “Polkhov-Maidan Painting” was created, where artists who had undergone special training work. But despite this, family production continues to flourish to this day. Men, as in the old days, are engaged in the manufacture of turning products called “linen”, and women do painting. The works of artisans were painted with more interesting designs and were more often used in everyday life for their intended purpose. Products produced by the association were more often souvenirs, since the design was more uniform.
Since the early 1980s. We began to paint flowers on a background burnt with a blowtorch. New stories and themes often reflected contemporary events.
In our time, this unique craft continues to develop.
What is produced and how.
The turning products of the masters of this craft are lavishly decorated with paintings. There are nesting dolls, Easter eggs, mushrooms, salt shakers, cups, supplies, round boxes, and darning mushrooms. Among the pictorial motifs, flowers, birds, animals, rural and urban landscapes are more common.
Manufactured products are a troublesome business. It is impossible to make a craft from freshly cut wood. The wood needs to sit for at least a year before it becomes suitable for work. If near a house in Polkhov-Maidan there are “pillars” folded vertically, it means that there is a turner in this house. And if there is a turner, then he has a workshop. The workshops in Maidan are luxurious: large, warm, bright. They contain a lot of fresh shavings and “chairs” are stacked in stacks, as sawn logs are called here.
As in the old days, men turn the products, women paint - “paint”. Previously, craftswomen were called “sprinklers”, now “dyers”. In workshops you can find dyers aged from 12 to 100 years.
The first stage of work is turning. Matryoshka dolls and other products are turned from wood on a lathe. The surface of the wooden toy, cleaned and sanded with fine sandpaper, must be primed so that the paint does not bleed onto the thing being painted. Soil is a starch paste diluted to the consistency of thick sour cream. The primer is applied using a swab or sponge. But in some workshops they still prime in the old-fashioned way: they spread a little paste on their palms, take the item, roll it between their hands, and prime it. The primer is applied three times. After each layer, the products should dry for about 15 hours at room temperature. A contour drawing is applied to a well-dried product. On a nesting doll, for example, they draw a face, a scarf, an apron. On the barrels and boxes there are flowers, twigs with leaves and berries, and often entire landscapes. Previously, contours were drawn with finely trimmed goose feathers, but now they are drawn with student pens, which allow the thickness of the line to be adjusted depending on the pressure, which allows you to achieve a beautiful stroke. When working, you should touch the primed surface with your fingers as little as possible, since after painting, fingerprints may appear in these places. Aniline dyes, soluble in water, are used for painting. But not all, but only light-resistant ones - these are bright yellow, bright red, bright purple, green and bright blue. Aniline dyes are diluted in hot water. To paint the entire product, large squirrel brushes are used, and for painting, small brushes with a well-shaped tip are used, which will allow strokes with smooth edges. The paint is applied in one step; you cannot rub the brush over the same place. When working with aniline dyes - both powders and solutions - you need to protect your clothes and hands, as the dye leaves bright colored stains that are very difficult to remove.
First, yellow is applied to the product: both in those places where yellow should be, and in those places where red and green will later be. Then overlapping the yellow color with bright red or scarlet, you get a very bright and beautiful red color, overlapping it with blue, you get a bright green color.
Basically, two types of painting are used: landscape or floral patterns. The floral ornament is most often the so-called “rose”, which over the course of the existence of the craft has either been somewhat simplified or become more complex. And also the inevitable branch of apples and strawberries with alternating green and blue leaves.
Eyes are the mirror of the soul not only of a person, but also of a matryoshka: the drawing of a matryoshka begins with the eyes and the oval of the face. Each of the details of the matryoshka headdress and sundress is written out separately.
After eight hours of drying, the painted items are varnished twice. A little solvent is added to the varnish, for example, purified turpentine. The varnish can be applied with a brush or spray gun. After varnishing, the product is dried at room temperature in a room where there are no drafts or dust. After the first varnishing, drying lasts 15 hours, after the second - a day.
Use of products.
The most famous 50-piece Maidan nesting doll was carved as a symbol of the Soviet Union for an exhibition in Montreal. Amazing, brightly colored toys - “tararushki”, made by the craftsmen of Polkhov-Maidan, be it a nesting doll, or a mushroom piggy bank, or a variety of wooden utensils - deservedly enjoy wide popularity and are used for their intended purpose.
4. Theme: “Floral patterns of Polkhov-Maidan”.
This development lasts in three components (3 lessons of 2 hours each) as the complexity increases:
1. Acquaintance with the history and development of the Polkhov-Maidan fishery. Performing the simplest elements: “Leaves”, “Berry”, “Flowers”.
2. Performing the composition in an oval. Development of a sketch of a product (spoon) on paper in full size.
3. Painting a wooden spoon.
4. Final lesson.
Goal: Acquaintance with the traditions and techniques of Polkhov-Maidan painting. Painting a wooden spoon with a floral pattern.
To promote the formation of children's knowledge and interest in Polkhov-Maidan painting;
Develop skills in performing brush painting of Polkhov-Maidan, the ability to create a composition of floral patterns on the shape of a product;
Cultivate a love for the natural environment.
Lesson 1.
Acquaintance with the traditions and techniques of Polkhov-Maidan painting. Performing the simplest elements.
Materials and equipment:
Didactic materials: tables with images of Polkhov-Maidan products, toys (matryoshka dolls, whistles, mushrooms, etc.).
Progress of classes:
Before children begin practical work, it is necessary to tell them about the craft, its history, show samples of products made with folk materials or images of their work.
The execution of Polkhov-Maidan painting traditionally begins with drawing the outline of the elements of the entire composition in black. Then all elements inside the outline are filled (painted) with the appropriate color (berry - red, leaf - green, etc.). After this, the bait is applied with black gouache: grains on the berry, veins on the leaf. This option is difficult for younger schoolchildren because when painting, for example, a berry, the red gouache mixes with the black outline, the image is blurred, and the work stops. This happens due to insufficiently developed visual and technical skills of children. To begin with, we offer a simpler version of the elements of this painting. First of all, we apply a colored underpainting, then a black outline and a primer.
The sequence of execution of the elements of Polkhov-Maidan painting:
Draw a spot of color - an underpainting;
Apply the outline: with a thin brush, pick up black gouache, in a vertical position, lower the brush onto the underpainting and, with a smooth movement of your hand, draw the brush along the edge of the outline of the element;
Apply the bait: grains (seeds) - on the berries, veins - on the leaves, etc. The thickness of the contour line and the bait depends on the pressure of the brush. If you draw with the tip of a brush, the line will turn out thin and beautiful. If, when drawing a contour, you press the bristles of the brush firmly against a sheet of paper, the line will turn out thick. A thick line can cover part of the image and make it look untidy.
1. Use of visual material: posters with diagrams of the sequential execution of underpainting elements, photographs, illustrations, samples of the work of children and the teacher.
2. Training can be carried out both with a group of children and individually in stages:
a) performing the element sequentially simultaneously with the teacher is accompanied by an explanation from the teacher;
b) children perform the element independently according to the scheme;
c) performing an element from memory.
3. Getting to know the elements also means performing a composition with each of them in turn.
4. To make work easier for younger schoolchildren, worksheets have been developed in which the outline has already been preliminarily outlined. It is also convenient to work on colored paper (yellow), which imitates the background of the future product.
Leaves Worksheet
Berries Worksheet
Worksheet "Flowers"
In the process of learning the craft, various methods are used: conversations, demonstrations, game moments, performing work in different techniques. The organization of dynamic pauses is important in conducting classes. The introduction of these exercises into the lesson process ensures timely relief of physical fatigue and revitalization of children's performance. The number of such dynamic pauses during a lesson is determined by the teacher depending on the age of the students, the complexity of the material being studied, and the state of the students’ performance. Younger children (1st grade) get tired quickly, so to restore attention and performance, I suggest using a change of activities, alternating artistic activities with cognitive ones. It is good to apply and use ready-made didactic games on relevant topics. This:
1. Educational and applied game - lotto “Folk Art”. Manufacturer: Creative Workshop, St. Petersburg.
2. Lotto craft “Russian souvenir” - workshop for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren - Rus”, Kirov.
3. Lotto game “Miracle Patterns” for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren.
4. Puzzle game “Russian patterns”. Children about Russian artistic crafts. IP Kirov.
5. Didactic material “The world around us. Folk art - 2" - Ekaterinburg, 2006.
Lesson 2.
Creating a sketch of a painted spoon (the sketch is the basis of the work).
The sketch is the basis of the work.
Any applied artist is well aware of the important role a sketch plays in creating a product. That is why, from the first steps of learning the secrets of the craft, students must understand the basics of fine art. Each teacher sets the obligatory task of developing in children the skills of mixing paints, copying, drawing from life, from memory, from imagination, the ability to independently complete plot and decorative thematic sketches, and choose their coloristic solution. The acquired skills are necessary to create a sketch. A sketch is born from numerous sketch drawings. With the help of a pencil and paints, young craftsmen must learn to convey the shape of the future product and its proportions.
Then they proceed to the most difficult but interesting part - the search for the compositional filling of the selected form. The pencil conveys on paper all the changing curves of the ornament, the unique silhouettes of the plot composition, for example, the tremulous cup of a flower, trying to reflect the typical and individual in the image of a specific object. Every detail of the sketch is carefully worked out. Students complete several versions of a composition sketch, and then the author, together with the leader and his friends in the workshop, select the most successful one, on which further work continues.
Now the main task facing the author is to choose a color. A well-composed sketch should be correctly color-harmonized. Color is an integral part of the composition, one of the means of creating a certain image, mood. Color can combine individual elements into a single whole, or, on the contrary, it can be fragmented. Here students use knowledge of elementary color combinations, taking into account their influence on a person’s emotional state. The coloring in the work can be dark or light, it is based on a combination of large planes, saturated with color, or on subtle tonal combinations, it can be calm or intense. When developing a color scheme, it is also necessary to take into account the type and structure of the material from which the product will be made. After numerous sketches have been discussed and amendments made, the author and teacher come to a single coloristic decision. The final stage of working on a sketch can be considered its execution in full size. The sketch is ready - now you can start making its product.
Materials and equipment: gouache paints, natural brushes (squirrel or kolinsky) No. 1, No. 3, napkin for drying brushes, palette, paper, water jar.
Progress of the lesson:
Acquaintance with the techniques of constructing a floral pattern on a form. Organizationally, this lesson is a continuation of the previous one and at the same time the final one in the “Study of plant motifs” section. Children should paint a sketch of a spoon in a free manner. The children are invited to decorate a wooden spoon with a lush bouquet. It may consist of one species or of different colors. First, large flowers are placed, then smaller flowers, after which stems, twigs with leaves and buds are added. Make sure that the main flower “spots” are located in the central part of the spoon.
The masters of Polkhov-Maidan painting always had a very good sense of the shape of the product and placed ornaments and patterns, taking into account the form-building lines. The main compositional center is located in the center, and the lines forming the ornament correspond to the configuration of the product. The expressiveness of plant patterns can be achieved by emphasizing the lines of stems, twigs, and leaves.
Methodological advice to teachers.
If drawing up a composition causes difficulties, then for the youngest students you can use a set of “flowers” stencils and worksheet with the outline of the future product (spoon) made on yellow colored paper.
Flower stencils.
Spoon Worksheet
It will seem more interesting to work on achieving a harmonious solution to the composition on the product using the method of rearranging the Polkhov-Maidan painting elements cut out in advance from colored paper on a sample spoon.
The children are invited to draw two options for painting a spoon. Sketches are made on a 1:1 scale using paints (gouache) in accordance with the laws of color science and craft traditions. Already at the stage of making a sketch, it is necessary to accustom children to accuracy. Negligence committed when making a sketch inevitably turns into the final version of the future product.
Sketch options
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Lesson 3.
Painting a wooden spoon.
Materials and equipment: paints (gouache), brushes No. 1.3 - for painting, No. 9 - for tinting, a jar for water, a palette, a napkin, a blank spoon, sanding paper (fine), PVA glue, NC or PF varnish.
Preparing the blank for painting.
Before directly processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize the children with the types of trees that they may encounter during work, with their basic properties. Wood is an excellent ornamental material. With skillful drying, it has sufficient durability and hardness, which allows it to be processed using simple technological techniques.
When starting to work with wood, you need to know its properties well, since their correct use can greatly help in the creation of decorative and applied arts products.
The expressiveness of the thing itself and its compositional completeness often depend on the skillful identification of the specific properties of wood. Knowledge of the natural qualities of wood plays an important role both in the production of various products and in the artistic processing of wood by painting. When working with a tool, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the fibers and the pattern of the wooden workpiece. When decorating a product with painting, you should take into account the natural texture of the wood, skillfully highlighting it or emphasizing it with a compositional solution. The beautiful natural pattern of wood often subordinates the composition of the product and can suggest certain solutions.
Linden, aspen, and alder are widely used in painting. The best tree for painting is considered to be linden. It is less labor-intensive to work with: when properly dried, it cracks very little, is easy to cut and absorbs moisture, and therefore is well tinted with aqueous solutions and paints.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece undergoes pre-processing. The workpiece is sanded with sandpaper and then covered with paste (diluted potato starch is brewed at the rate of one teaspoon per glass of water) or diluted PVA glue with water 1:1. Next, the surface is tinted. After this treatment, the smooth, polished surface of the workpiece is ready for drawing.
Methodological advice to teachers.
Before transferring the drawing, students should be warned against unnecessary touches to the polished surface of the workpiece, since frequent touching will form stains that only complicate the work on the painting: the paint will hardly cover the surface of the workpiece or will not lie on it at all.
Some students find it difficult to immediately move on to applying leading lines of an ornamental composition directly to the surface of the workpiece. Another method is recommended for them - the method of using stencils. Although this method of translating a drawing contradicts the rules of Polkhov-Maidan painting, it is acceptable in a children's association.
Product painting.
The product is painted in the same sequence as when developing the sketch. First, red is applied, then green, contours are applied in black, and background is applied in black. For these works use brushes No. 1 and No. 3.
At the next stage, the finished painted product is varnished. Children of primary school age become familiar with varnishing technology theoretically. The operation itself is performed by the teacher.
Before starting work, the teacher tells the children about the methods of processing wood, about its properties and their changes after varnishing, introduces the types of varnishes, and the general rules of varnishing; explains the causes of various defects during varnishing and how to correct them.
Varnishing a semi-finished product is necessary, firstly, to protect it from dust, moisture, etc. and, secondly, to give a smoother, shiny surface, as well as to improve the aesthetic qualities of the product.
Methodological advice to teachers.
1. It happens that guys make inaccuracies in the execution of some operations. If, as a result of drawing a drawing, the student ends up with some displacement of the main lines, then in this case it is necessary to convince him of the possible correction of the mistake made. Indeed, in Polkhov-Maidan painting, the black outline often goes beyond the boundaries of the drawing, and, therefore, by skillfully using it, you can correct the drawing. Sometimes children despair; at the first failure, they immediately lose interest in their work. Therefore, the teacher needs to support the child and help him correct his mistakes.
2. The causes of defects that occur when wood is treated with varnish are the poor quality of the varnish and its improper use during coating. Here are some defects encountered during painting processing and ways to eliminate them:
Varnish streaks caused by slow varnishing. Correction: sanding with sandpaper followed by varnish;
Traces of a tampon made of fleecy fabric. Correction - sanding with sandpaper followed by varnish;
Cracking of the varnish film, which occurs when the humidity of the wood surface being coated is high or when the elasticity of the varnish is weak. A partial fix is to remove the top layer of varnish and repeat again (small cracks will still be visible);
Poor gloss occurs due to insufficient exposure between coats or due to high humidity of the wood.
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5. Literature.
1. Arbat folk painting. – M., 1970.
2. Brusev-Davydov Kruttsa. – M., 1991.
3. Vokhrintseva S. Rossinochka. Polkhov-Maidan painting No. 1, No. 2. Let's learn to draw. Workbook - Kazan, 2000.
4. Makhmutov on wood. – M., 1987.
5. Visual and didactic manual “Polkhov-Maidan. Products of folk craftsmen" - M., 2005.
6. Neretina lessons on fine arts, mythology and folklore. – M., 2004.
7. Semenov Polkhovsky Maidan and Krutts. – M., 1971.
8. Taranovskaya miracles. – L., 1981.
9. Creativity of a teacher of additional education Issue 4. Arts and crafts - Nizhny Novgorod, 2006.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Gymnasium No. 30 of Ulyanovsk
Plan - outline
art classes for 2nd grade
Program: S.P. Lomov, S.E. Ignatiev "Fine Arts".
Chapter:"Decorative and applied arts"
Topic: “Floral patterns of Polkhovsky Maidan”
Fine arts teacher, MHC,
additional education teacher,
Butuzova Natalya Vitalievna
Plan - lesson summary
a person is determined by his attitude to the past.”
A.S. Pushkin.
Subject:“Floral patterns of Polkhovsky Maidan”
Lesson type: Lesson “discovery” of new knowledge
Purpose of the lesson: Deepen your knowledge of Russian folk arts and crafts Polkhovsky Maidan.
Tasks:
To introduce the history of the emergence and development of the Polkhov-Maidan craft, with traditional elements and techniques of painting turning products.
Formation of UUD:
Personal actions:
*form aesthetic needs, values and feelings;
*formation of motivation to study;
*development of cooperation skills with peers.
Regulatory Actions:
*organize your workplace;
*formulate and maintain a learning problem;
*work according to plan;
*monitor and mutually monitor the results of activities (comparing the method of action and its result with a given standard)
Cognitive actions:
* make comparisons, classifications;
*apply the information received in practice;
*draw conclusions as a result of the joint work of the class and the teacher.
Communication actions:
*work in pairs and develop joint solutions when working;
*formulate your own opinion, participate in dialogue;
*listen and understand the speech of others, answer the teacher’s questions.
Equipment:
For the teacher:
1 Multimedia projector, screen)
2. ICT presentation “Fairytale painting of Polkhov Maidan”
3. Posters with motifs, stages and painting techniques.
4. Sketches of products from famous crafts.
For students:
On the tables - a simple pencil, an eraser, jars of water, watercolor paints, brushes No. 1, 3, 5, a napkin, a palette, a black felt-tip pen;
album sheets, templates with images of turning utensils.
Lesson structure:
Organizational stage. (1 minute)
Consolidation of what has been learned. (3 minutes)
Setting goals and learning objectives. Motivation for creative activity of students. (2 -3 minutes)
Updating knowledge. (7 minutes)
Primary assimilation of new knowledge, checking understanding. (2 minutes)
Primary consolidation. Independent practical task, self-control (12 minutes)
Incorporating new knowledge into the knowledge system and reviewing (2 minutes)
Reflection. Summing up the lesson. (1 minute)
“The level of culture of the era, as well as of the individual
a person is determined by his attitude to the past"
A.S. Pushkin.
Organizational moment.
Consolidation of what has been learned.
Look how many different dishes I prepared for our lesson. Try to divide it into groups according to the characteristic features known to you.
On what basis did you distribute the dishes?
Once upon a time, a long time ago, our grandfathers and great-grandfathers slurped cabbage soup with such wooden spoons, and placed samovars on beautiful trays. Nowadays everything has changed. People hardly use these items anymore, but their beauty continues to delight us. Every home has handicraft items. They create comfort, warmth, and lift your spirits.
What are folk arts and crafts?
Let’s open S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary and read: "Artistic craft - making folk art products."
Didactic game: “Find out and name”
Now I invite you to play and at the same time test your knowledge. Look at our “product fair” of folk arts and crafts and put them together into groups of crafts that you know.
The choice is made by a group of students from each row.
1 group
What is the name of your painting? (Khokhloma)
What made the ancient village of Khokhloma famous? (Wooden utensils.)
What paints do artists from Khokhloma use? (Black, red, gold.)
2nd group
What kind of craft do you think your work belongs to? (Gzhel.)
Why was it called that? (after the name of the Gzhelka river)
What is made in Gzhel? (Porcelain dishes.)
What are the features of Gzhel porcelain? (Painting is done only with blue paint.)
3 group
– In what village are items with such beautiful painting made? (Gorodets.)
What is made in Gorodets? (Wooden utensils, toys, children's furniture.)
What paints are used? (Variety of colors.)
When you were putting together these groups of arts and crafts items you knew, you ended up with extra items.
Let's combine the remaining products into one group
To which folk art craft can we classify the decorative painting of these products?
Why? Prove it.
Do you want to know what artistic craft this product belongs to?
What do you think we will learn in our lesson? (Children's answers.)
You're all right. Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with a craft unknown to us yet, which is called Polkhov - Maidan painting - this will be the topic of our lesson.
(A board opens on which the topic of the lesson is written: "Floral patterns of Polkhovsky - Maidan."
Setting goals and learning objectives. Motivation for creative activity of students.
Target: Deepen knowledge about Russian folk art craft Polkhov-Maidan.
Tasks:
To introduce the history of the emergence and development of the Polkhovsky-Maidan craft, with traditional elements and techniques of painting turning products.
To develop technical skills and brush painting skills by “overlaying” colors (yellow, blue, scarlet, crimson) Reinforce the material from the color science section.
The ability to highlight the characteristic features of the Polkhov-Maidan painting
Develop students' thinking, continue to teach children to draw conclusions, generalizations, comparisons based on observations, select material on a given topic.
Create products in the traditions of the craft: focusing on samples, visual aids.
Develop communication culture and cooperation skills.
To cultivate respect for the culture of the Russian people through familiarization with decorative and applied arts.
Updating knowledge
Guys, do you like to travel? (presentation)
Today we will go on an exciting journey through our native country. .
And we will go to the region where they make famous toys - tararushki, souvenirs and dishes with bright intricate paintings - to the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, the village of Krutets and the village of Voznesenskoye in the south of the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Here is one of the most famous centers of wood painting - Polkhovsky-Maidan.
History of the fishery : The village of Polkhov Maidan is a forested area remote from the railways. It has been noticed that villages where crafts flourish are located close to monasteries. Maidan is also located not far from the Diveyevo Monastery. Previously, these were centers not only of spiritual life: the monasteries had money, and orders came from them for the same wooden spoons and utensils. Serf peasants, escaping from their owners, settled near two monasteries and under their protection - this can explain the not entirely Russian name of the village and the spirit of the local population.
Polkhovsky Maidan is the name of the village. “Maidan” is a very old village, and it means “gathering of people.” And Polkhovka is the river on which the village stands.
From the middle of the 19th century. In the village of Polkhovsky Maidan they began to produce unpainted turned wooden utensils, which were sold at fairs.
Since the early 1920s. Polkhov Maidan dishes began to be covered with a burnt outline design. The craft developed quickly. Soon the burning began to be painted with bright, variegated oil paints, and in the mid-1930s. aniline dyes diluted in alcohol. Men were usually engaged in the manufacture of turning products called "underwear" and the women did the painting. Gradually, the burnt outline of the design is replaced by cheaper and easier to use ink.
In 1928-1930 in Polkhovsky Maidan, the “Red Dawn” artel is formed from individual craftsmen
At the same time, they are determined basic techniques of local painting:
"Flowers with a tip" - floral painting outlined with a clear black outline.
"Flowers without a tip" - a drawing that is written on the background without a linear outline.
"Multiple" - the simplest brush painting with strokes, dots, wavy lines, curls, spirals.
In 1960, the artel was transformed into the Polkhov Maidan Toy Factory. At the same time, the production of similar painted objects began in the village of Krutets, located a few kilometers from Polkhovsky Maidan. Using experience, turning forms and painting techniques from neighbors, Krutets masters make minor changes. So, for example, their nesting dolls are more rounded, and subjects appear more often in the painting of the dishes.
In 1972 In the regional center of Voznesenskoye, on the basis of a toy factory, the production and artistic association “Polkhov Maidan Painting” is being created, where artists who have undergone special training work. But despite this, family production continues to flourish to this day.
The works of artisans were painted with more interesting designs and were more often used in everyday life for their intended purpose.
Products produced by the association were often souvenirs, because the pattern was more monotonous.
Since the early 1980s. We started painting flowers on a background burnt with a blowtorch. New stories and themes often reflected contemporary events.
In our time, this unique craft continues to develop.
The range of turning products of this trade is varied:
Toys, so-called – gibberish : rattles, bird whistles, rides on a stick with birds and horses, mushrooms, piggy banks, Easter eggs, nesting dolls, firecracker pistols. The name itself is reminiscent of noise, jokes, and lively trade at the bazaar.
Turning household items, dishes : spoons, sets of dishes, salt shakers, sugar bowls, cups, supplies, vases, plates and bowls, barrels, boxes.
Look at what beautiful objects the craftsmen of Polkhovsky Maidan create. How brightly the toys are painted, they immediately attract attention with their richness of color, love of life, and joyful festive beauty. The cheerful fairy-tale kingdom of painted wooden toys and dishes from Polkhov Maidan delights with its rich ornamental painting.
In the painting, flowers, berries and apples grow on one branch. This doesn’t happen in real life, but the artists themselves came up with such decorative – magical flowers.
Polkhov’s favorite motifs of Maidan painting:
Floral ornament - “grass”, twigs with ruddy apples, strawberries with alternating green and blue leaves
Most often used motive"roses" which is connected with twigs with small flowers, leaves and berries to fill the space.
Popular images of cinquefoils: buds and flowers of rose hips, poppies, cornflowers, and bells.
Widespread and figured compositions"variegation" » - they consist of straight and zigzag lines, curls linked in one row, and dots. Sometimes figurative painting includes conventional images of leaves, berries and flowers. This type of painting is usually used in the manufacture of dishes.
In painting, pure bright colors are used, for example, yellow, scarlet, crimson (to pink shades), blue, which, when mixed and overlaid on each other, give no less bright and beautiful red, green and purple colors.
The Polkhov style of Maidan painting is contrasting in color and well expresses the idea of a lush and bright abundance of flowers, fruits and the colorfulness of the world.
These products are characterized by strict, simple, rounded shapes of objects. The smooth surface of the products is primed with starch. Then the outline of the painting is applied to the dry product with a pen using ink. The black contour line effectively combines with the light background of the wood and the color spot of the painting, either applied in a dense stroke or in a translucent blur. The painting is positioned so as to emphasize the curved surface of the object. After drying, the surface of the product is varnished.
Painting sequences
Choose an interesting floral motif for painting, make a pattern from it and place it on the surface of the product.
We will perform the pattern in color in a certain order. You will work with three brushes: No. 1, 3, 5.
A – First we will work in yellow and paint the large elements of the pattern with brush No. 5 – five-leaf flowers, roses. We will draw elements in yellow wherever it is repeated.
B - Then we paint smaller elements in yellow - buds, apples, leaves, and immediately paint with brush No. 3 the same elements wherever they are repeated.
B - now we will work in red and paint large elements of the pattern with strokes using brush No. 5 - five-leaf flowers, roses. We will draw elements in red wherever it is repeated
(except for places where there will be blue and purple colors)
D - Then we paint smaller elements in red -
buds, apples, leaves, immediately paint with brush No. 3 the same elements wherever they are repeated.
D – Then we paint the leaves with brush No. 3 with blue or dark green paint.
E – We complete the painting with purple, if any.
And finally, take a thin brush No. 1 and black color (black felt-tip pen), and perform "tip", and small elements (dots, curls, strokes, crosses, spirals, veins, wavy lines). Also immediately wherever they are repeated.
The painting is ready!
5. Initial assimilation of new knowledge, checking understanding.(3 minutes)
And now we will try to put our new knowledge into practice and paint the “dishes” according to the traditions of the Polkhov Maidan.
On your desks there are blanks for painting future dishes.
Look at the painting samples.
What elements does the painting consist of? ( children's answers)
Name the obligatory technique for painting Pokhovsky Maidan (“tip” - outlining the drawings with a black outline).
What is the brightest element in the painting? (Flower.)
What elements does it consist of? (middle - circle, oval, petals...)
What should we add to the painting? (Leaves.)
How else can we decorate our vase? (“variegated” - strokes, dots, wavy lines, curls, spirals)
What colors of paints did the masters use? ( There are only three main colors - yellow, scarlet, crimson, blue).
What color will we work on first? What brush and what elements will we paint? ( yellow, red, green – blue, purple, brushes No. 1, 3, 5).
Primary consolidation.Independent practical task:(10 minutes)
Sketch the decorative painting of your vessel with a floral pattern.
Self-analysis and self-control. Responsibility, accuracy, creativity. (Quiet folk music sounds).
Incorporation of new knowledge into the knowledge system and repetition(2 minutes)
You and I have spent enough time in Polkhovsky Maidan. It's time to head back. But they don’t return from trips empty-handed. You also bought souvenirs here - bright, elegant dishes made by yourself. Let's admire your skills by organizing a quick exhibition.
Express exhibition of children's works
Now let's think about what new we learned in the lesson?
What is unusual about the Polkhov-Maidan painting?
How is it different from the rest?
Reflection. (Summary of the lesson ). (2 minutes)
Who liked this painting more than those we were already familiar with before? Why?
Students fill out the success sheet by answering the questions.
Remember what proverbs about mastery do you know?
“A bird is red in feathers, but a man is clever.”
“A craftsman and craftsman brings joy to himself and others.”
“Good work lasts two centuries.”
Thank you all very much for your creativity. See you again!
Series:
(all) 100 funny stickers 100 exciting games ABCs with stickers Activities for girls Activities with stickers Art Scratching Teacher's library Library of the program "From birth to school" Library of the School of the Seven Dwarfs Great poetry for little children In the animal world Great composers for children Funny circles Delicious atlas Magic water coloring books Magic accordion baths Seasons at EVA Higher professional education Geometric mosaic Geometric stickers Yearly sets "School of the Seven Dwarfs" Grammar in pictures Children's creativity For the little ones Kind stickers Dorisovashki Live fairy tale Funny little animals Riddles about little animals Folding animals Sound books Sound books Health . Physical development We play a fairy tale. A book with puzzles We play theater I play and study Game library of the School of the Seven Dwarfs Game library of the School of the Seven Dwarfs Interactive fairy tale Art for children How our ancestors lived Pictures from the life of wild animals Katya and Bim What I want to become Books for the little ones Books with cutting out Books with riddles and surprises Books with stickers for the little ones Books with windows Books with finger puppets Books with sounds Accordion books Animal books Design books Ladder books Little books Little books Hug books Panorama books. Three-dimensional pictures Rattle books Snail books Circles Who's which Kupashki Forest school Favorite fairy tales by K.I. Chukovsky Favorite fairy tales of kids Favorite fairy tales with cubes Favorite fairy tales with stickers Little dreamers Little engineer Malyshariki with stickers Malyshariki. Water coloring pages Malyshariki. Magic coloring pages of Malyshariki. Complete the picture of Malyshariki. Early development course 0+ Malyshariki. Early development course 1+ Malyshariki. Early development course 2+ Malyshariki. Early development course 3+ Malyshariki. Malyshariki labyrinths. Jump and jump through the pages of Malysharika. Drawing Malyshariki. We draw Littleshariki with our fingers. Collect Malyshariki's chain. Supermemory Mom and kids Mathematics in kindergarten Cars Montessori method. Development through play Cuties-charms (books with stickers) Cuties-charms (books-toys) Mimi-bears. Books about mom, dad and me The world in pictures The world of living nature The world of art The world of nature My brilliant books My voluminous atlases My first water coloring books My first books My first dictionary My first phone Musical Little Children Find and show. Book with magnifying glass Sticker. Color it Stickers for lockers Stickers emoticons Folk art for children Tabletop theater Starting to talk Tumblers New Year's books New Year's books with cutting out and stickers New Year's coloring book with riddles Regulatory library of preschool educational institution Do-it-yourself postcards Where does everything come from Peel back and look Hide-and-seek puzzles Baby's first coloring pages First words Malysharikov Recess at the School of the Seven Dwarfs Pixel stickers Posters Posters (eng. ) Plasticine pictures Preparing for school Let's play in the cities Spin the wheel Incentive stickers Bouncers Touch and stroke Safety rules Practical encyclopedia for a preschool teacher Beautiful princess Discovery program Professions Professions (books on cardboard with cutting out) Hide and seek with Little Babies Buttons and bows Fluffy animals Educational books with stickers Educational stickers for kids Multi-colored zoo Coloring pages (little ones) Coloring pages with glitter outline Coloring pages with stickers Coloring pages with stickers for kids Accordion coloring pages Color with water. Addition riddles Color Russia. Book with stickers Coloring by numbers Coloring with water Tell the children about Stories from pictures Children about animals Draw with your fingers Draw by cells Draw by dots Draw with felt-tip pens Kids draw Fairy tales with circles Fairy tales with windows Fairy tales with emotions Accordion fairy tales Words in pictures Collect a picture Collect a chain Cooperation of preschool educational institutions and family Hide me! Tactile books Push-pull Fascinating story for young children Fascinating tasks Guess who.. The amazing world of animals Smart bunny Smart bunny (books on cardboard) Smart baby Learning to read Learning to read in folds Football Reading books for children in kindergarten and at home Artistic creativity and construction I read syllables I read myself Wonderful stickers Wonderful stickers Masterpieces of children's classics School of the Seven Dwarfs from 1 to 2 years School of the Seven Dwarfs from 2 to 3 years School of the Seven Dwarfs from 3 to 4 years School of the Seven Dwarfs from 4 to 5 years School of the Seven Dwarfs from 5 to 6 years old School of the Seven Dwarfs from 6 to 7 years old School of the Seven Dwarfs from birth to 1 year Cheat sheets for parents Environmental education in kindergarten Your baby can do it I can do it myself I draw I draw with water I want to draw a fairy tale
The village of Polkhovsky Maidan, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod region is famous for its masters - Gorodets, Semyonovskys. And the Polkhov-Maidan ones are the youngest of them. The name of the famous craft comes from the name of the village. Almost every family here makes toys.
Before painting, the products undergo special preparation: The surface of the product is carefully sanded (made smooth), then covered with starch paste (so that the paints do not spread) Before painting, the products undergo special preparation: The surface of the product is carefully sanded (made smooth), then covered with starch paste (so that the paints do not blurred)
Next, with black ink (“draw”) the outline of the future pattern, that is, they make a “POINTING” and paint with aniline paints: red, green, yellow, blue. Using the technique of applying paints in layers one on top of the other (to enhance the color), and using combinations of contrasting colors (red - green, yellow - blue, etc.), artists achieve a special brightness of the painting. After this, they are coated with colorless varnish. Next, with black ink (“draw”) the outline of the future pattern, that is, they make a “POINTING” and paint with aniline paints: red, green, yellow, blue. Using the technique of applying paints in layers one on top of the other (to enhance the color), and using combinations of contrasting colors (red - green, yellow - blue, etc.), artists achieve a special brightness of the painting. After this, they are coated with colorless varnish.
Basically, two types of painting are used: a landscape motif and a floral ornament. The floral ornament is very stable - this is the so-called “Rose”, buds, a branch of apples or strawberries with alternating green and blue leaves. Landscape motif: a landscape with a house, a church and a mill on the river bank , trees with huge apples
This nesting doll can be immediately recognized by its unusual head shape and elongated silhouette. She does not have such specific details as her hands; they seem to be hidden under an apron. The face is framed by curls. There is no line of a sundress and the usual scarf with a knot, on the head there is a “half shawl” falling onto the shoulders with a large flower. The painting of the conventional apron is enclosed in an oval descending from the face.
The Nizhny Novgorod region is famous for its wooden toys: Gorodetsky, Fedoseevsky, Semenovsky. And the Polkhov-Maidan ones are the youngest of them. Polkhov craftsmen made toys for children of different ages to suit every taste: pyramids, piggy bank mushrooms, whistle birds, nesting dolls, lollipops, firecracker pistols, children's balalaikas. All these products were called the funny word “tararushki”. And only then, if there was time left, we sharpened the dishes. It is believed that this craft arose in the first quarter of the 20th century, although wooden utensils were sharpened a hundred years before that. The master of the Polkhovsky-Maidan village, Pavel Tolin, decorated his dishes with flowers burned along the outline. And when chemists invented bright aniline dyes, craftsmen immediately seized on them. And starting from 1930, Polkhov-Maidan products began to shine with new colors. The demand for such beauty has increased. I also had to abandon the burning of contours. The burnt groove was replaced with a black line, and to prevent the ink from spreading, the dot was covered with a layer of starch glue. Year after year the assortment also changed. Toys gradually replaced dishes. The most popular of them was the nesting doll. In this painting, the masters used only three colors: red, blue, yellow and even inky purple, and the remaining colors were obtained by mixing the original paints. All colors are related to each other. They are selected in such a way that they enhance each other’s brightness. Sometimes it seems as if the colors glow from within, like stained glass. Modern Polkhov-Maidan painting is unusually bright, clean, spontaneous, somewhat close to children’s drawings and children’s perceptions; it is a living branch on the mighty trunk of Russian folk art.
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Floral patterns "Polkhov-Maidan" GBDOU kindergarten No. 37, Kirovsky district Educator Tatyana Vasilievna Burtenko
The Nizhny Novgorod region is famous for its wooden toys: Gorodetsky, Fedoseevsky, Semenovsky. And the Polkhov-Maidan ones are the youngest of them. Polkhov craftsmen made toys for children of different ages to suit every taste: pyramids, piggy bank mushrooms, whistle birds, nesting dolls, lollipops, firecracker pistols, children's balalaikas. All these products were called the funny word “tararushki”. And only then, if there was time left, we sharpened the dishes. It is believed that this craft arose in the first quarter of the 20th century, although wooden utensils were sharpened a hundred years earlier. The master of the Polkhovsky-Maidan village, Pavel Tolin, decorated his dishes with flowers burned along the outline. And when chemists invented bright aniline dyes, craftsmen immediately seized on them. And starting from 1930, Polkhov-Maidan products began to shine with new colors. The demand for such beauty has increased. I also had to abandon the burning of contours. The burnt groove was replaced with a black line, and to prevent the ink from spreading, the dot was covered with a layer of starch glue. Year after year the assortment also changed. Toys gradually replaced dishes. The most popular of them was the nesting doll. In this painting, the masters used only three colors: red, blue, yellow, and even inky purple, and the remaining colors were obtained by mixing the original paints. All colors are related to each other. They are selected in such a way that they enhance each other’s brightness. Sometimes it seems as if the colors glow from within, like stained glass. Modern Polkhov-Maidan painting is unusually bright, clean, spontaneous, somewhat close to children’s drawings and children’s perceptions; it is a living branch on the mighty trunk of Russian folk art.
Cracker toys
Goal: to introduce children to products of folk arts and crafts. Objectives: To develop the ability to create decorative compositions based on Polkhov-Maidan painting; Use Polkhov-Maidan products to develop an aesthetic perception of beauty and as a model for creating patterns in the style of this painting; Learn to highlight the elements of this painting (apples, leaves, roses); See and name the colors used in painting (red, yellow, scarlet, violet, black for lining)
Exhibition. Examination of Polkhov-Maidan patterns in illustrations and books. Games with matryoshka dolls.
Children's mastery of painting elements - apples and leaves. Construction of the simplest composition on a plane with a bird-whistle or rattle, cut out of paper.
Didactic games on the theme “Decorate with a pattern”
“And the nesting dolls began to dance with fire...”
Making the supplier Cutting the bottom edge of the finished development of the supplier, covering the development with yellow paint.
Painting the blank. We continue to master the simplest elements of painting apples and leaves, alternating them over the entire surface of the pattern.
The supplier is ready.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Program content: Educational: - introduce children to the painting of Polkhov - Maidan; - teach them to draw elements of Polkhov - Maidan painting - a branch with leaves and berries. Developmental: - develop...