Poland industrial boiler houses using chicken manure. Method for burning bird droppings and a boiler for implementing the method
Owners of patent RU 2538566:
The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in boiler units for the disposal of bird droppings, including directly at poultry farms for the purpose of generating thermal and electrical energy, as well as producing ash as a valuable mineral fertilizer. The technical result is the combustion of bird droppings with complete combustion of harmful and foul-smelling gases. The method involves feeding bird droppings into the combustion chamber with organizing the combustion process in its lower layer part and afterburning the generator gas and volatiles in its upper part. In this case, bird droppings are fed into the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber, followed by drying it when moving through this part under the influence of gravity, and then into successively located layers (zones) of the bale of the lower layer part of the combustion chamber: a layer of drying and releasing volatiles, a layer of hot inert coke, reducing layer, oxidative layer of coke burnout, layer of cooling, granulation and ash unloading, mixed by a rustling bar with the supply of heated primary air through the grate on which the above layers are placed, followed by afterburning of the generator gas and volatiles in the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber . 2 n. and 3 salary f-ly, 1 ill.
The present invention relates to the field of energy. A more specific area of application of the invention will be combustion equipment, for example boiler units, including mobile ones, that utilize poultry, for example chicken, droppings directly at poultry farms for the purpose of generating thermal and electrical energy, as well as producing ash as a valuable mineral fertilizer.
The following technical solutions can be selected as analogues of the proposed invention.
A known flare method of burning solid fuel in a dusty state in a chamber gamma furnace with intersecting jets (Kotler V.R. Special fireboxes for power boilers, M.: Energoatomizdat, 1990, p. 18, fig. 8). In such a firebox, high thermal intensity of the combustion volume is ensured, good retention of fuel particles in the combustion volume due to the creation of vortex movement of gases with a horizontal axis of rotation, ensuring high combustion completeness. Disadvantage this method is the instability of the combustion process when the load fluctuates in fuel consumption and humidity, high temperature leading to the formation of harmful oxides NO x, unsuitability for burning coarse-grained high-moisture fuels, which include bird droppings.
There is a known method for burning crushed fuel, described in patent RU 2127399, published on March 10, 1999, in which the temperature in the pre-furnace is maintained at a level not exceeding the softening temperature of the ash. The disadvantage of this method in relation to the problem of burning bird droppings is the impossibility of thermal decomposition of harmful products of gasification of bird droppings due to the relatively low temperature of the combustion process and the lack of the possibility of pre-drying the fuel inside the furnace itself due to the cyclonic combustion principle.
As the closest analogue of the proposed invention, a device for burning a mixture of carbon-containing materials and manure according to patent RU 2375637, published on December 10, 2009, and, accordingly, the method of burning manure described in this source. The proposed device includes a firebox for burning bird droppings, containing a radiation chamber with blowing nozzles. The method of burning bird droppings in a known device involves feeding bird droppings into a radiation chamber with the organization of the fuel combustion process in its lower layer part and the recovery of generator gas and volatiles in its upper part. The device known from RU 2375637 is intended directly for burning litter and droppings, however, this device will be characterized by all the disadvantages listed above for the method according to patent RU 2127399. That is, thermal decomposition of harmful and smelly products of gasification of bird droppings is also impossible and there is no possibility of pre-drying fuel inside the firebox itself due to the lack of a fuel supply mechanism. In addition, the device according to RU 2375637 is quite complex in design, including a system of partitions between the mass of burned manure and combustion fuel, located in the radiation chamber of the firebox (their low reliability is obvious), and also requires a separate unit for cleaning the flue gases.
In turn, the proposed invention will eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and will allow us to propose a method for burning bird droppings, as well as a firebox for implementing the method, which will allow burning bird droppings with complete afterburning of harmful and foul-smelling gases. The specified technical result is achieved by using the proposed method of burning bird droppings, as well as a boiler for implementing the method.
The proposed method of burning bird droppings involves feeding bird droppings into the combustion chamber with the organization of the fuel combustion process in its lower combustion part and the afterburning of generator gas and volatiles in its upper part. Unlike the analogue, bird droppings are fed into the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber with its drying while moving through the mentioned part under the influence of gravity. In the lower layer part of the combustion chamber, a semi-gas generation combustion process is organized in a stirred bale containing a layer of hot inert coke, followed by afterburning of the generator gas and volatiles in the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber. In this case, jets of heated secondary air are blown into the vortex part of the combustion chamber, directed towards each other. Heated primary air is supplied to the lower layer part of the combustion chamber. The said bale is mixed with a rustling bar. Exhaust gases from the combustion chamber enter the radiation chamber.
The proposed boiler for burning bird droppings is a combustion chamber divided into an upper vortex part with at least one window for unloading bird droppings and secondary air blowing nozzles and a lower layer part equipped with means for organizing a semi-gas-generating combustion process in a stirred bale containing a layer of hot inert coke. In the lower layer part of the combustion chamber there is a grate, on which layers of the bale are placed from bottom to top: a zone of cooling, granulation and ash unloading, in which the rustling bar moves; oxidative zone of coke burnout; recovery zone; inert coke zone; drying and volatile release zone. The grate contains primary air blow nozzles. Nozzle nozzles are built into the very top of the combustion chamber, through which secondary air is blown into the boiler, forming a vortex combustion zone. A radiation chamber is connected to the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber. The walls of the combustion chamber and radiation chamber are shielded by pipes of the circulation circuit of the boiler plant.
Bird droppings are a special and specific fuel, making it difficult to burn in traditional combustion devices designed for the disposal of wood waste and other products plant origin. The main features of bird droppings are relatively high initial humidity, relatively high ash content, low melting point of ash, which causes an increased tendency to slag formation, high content of substances harmful to the environment and smelly to humans in fuel gasification products: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, etc.
Accordingly, the technology for burning bird droppings must meet the following basic requirements:
Providing the possibility of preliminary drying of the fuel in the layer to a humidity corresponding to the conditions of the combustion process;
Ensuring the possibility of thermal decomposition in the combustion chamber of harmful and foul-smelling gases, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, in order to avoid their release into the environment as part of flue gases;
Elimination of the possibility of slagging of the firebox grate and heat transfer surfaces of the boiler tube bundle;
Ensuring, if possible, the capture of fine particles of ash residue and unburned fuel particles carried away by flue gases before they enter the flues of the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler unit.
Accordingly, the goal when creating a method for burning bird droppings and the corresponding firebox will be
Ensuring the possibility of burning bird droppings subject to solid ash removal;
Elimination of the possibility of slagging of the furnace grate and the tube bundle of the boiler unit;
Neutralization of harmful gases released during the combustion of litter;
Cleaning flue gases from fine ash particles before they reach the heat exchange surfaces of the convective tube bundle of the boiler unit;
Elimination of the possibility of formation of harmful nitrogen oxides NO x ;
Improving the ignition conditions of high-moisture mixed fuels;
Increasing the stability of the combustion process and the completeness of combustion.
To achieve this goal, the boiler is divided by pinching 2 into two chambers: combustion chamber 3 and radiation (convective) chamber 4. Combustion chamber 3 is conventionally divided in height into two parts: the lower layer and the upper vortex. In the lower layer part on the grate in a bale (that is, in a fixed layer of fuel) with a height of at least 300 mm, a semi-gas generation combustion process is implemented, including drying of fresh fuel, the release of volatile components from it with the formation of coke, the formation of generator gas in the reduction zone and the burning of coke in the oxidation zone of the bale. The drying of fresh wet fuel, efficient ignition of fuel and increased combustion stability are facilitated by the presence of a stabilizing ignition layer of hot inert coke in the bale. To maintain the gas-generating combustion process, primary air in an amount of 70% of the theoretically required is supplied to the gas-generating zone from below through channels in the grate.
In the oxidation zone of the bale, the temperature is quite high, which leads to the melting of the outer surface of the ash particles and their softening. However, slagging of the grate does not occur due to the fact that when the ash is lowered by gravity, convective cooling of the ash particles occurs by the flow of primary air supplied from below through the channels of the grate, as well as conductive cooling by removing heat from the softened and melted ash particles to the cooler solid particles in the lower layer of ash, forming a protective layer separating the zone of melted particles from the surface of the grate. Part of the heat released in the oxidation zone is transferred through conductive heat exchange to the upper, colder reduction zone, where the reaction of CO 2 reduction to CO with heat absorption takes place. As a result of cooling, a film of liquid slag crystallizes on the surface of ash particles, which leads to their granulation and transformation into small-sized granules suitable for solid ash removal. Access of cooling air to ash particles and active mixing of melted ash particles with cooler particles of solid ash is ensured by reciprocating movement along the grate of the screwing bar 7. The speed of boring the layer and removing solid ash is such that, according to the thermal balance of the ash layer, removal of excess heat, and also maintained a protective layer of solid ash of sufficient thickness so that the process of cooling and crystallization of melted ash particles occurs in it, in order to protect the grate from slagging and ensure solid ash removal. In addition, cooling of the ash layer is also carried out by removing part of the heat to the screen pipes 9 of the boiler circulation circuit, located on the side surface of the combustion chamber.
In the upper part of the combustion chamber 3, vortex combustion of the resulting generator gas and volatiles is realized, afterburning of small fuel particles removed from the layer and return of ash particles to the layer, partial drying of fresh fuel, as well as thermal neutralization of harmful and foul-smelling gases. To do this, into the vortex zone of the combustion chamber 3 through nozzles 5, located opposite each other in the pinching area 2 and directed downward at an angle of 30...60° to the horizon, sharp jets are blown at a speed of 100...140 m/s heated to 250-350°C secondary air. The amount of secondary air is 45-50% of the total amount of air required for combustion. The direction of movement of the jets is counter-directional due to the fact that the nozzles 5 on the walls of the furnace opposite each other are installed with a certain step in the horizontal plane. The counter-arrangement of the nozzles helps to stabilize the combustion source and level temperature field in the vortex zone. Thanks to such aerodynamics, in the above-layer space of the furnace below pinch 2, as a result of the impact interaction of the jets, two large vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation. In the center of the furnace, the trajectories of vortex movement are downward, and near the walls of the furnace, they are upward.
Pinch fireboxes were historically designed as forced semi-fireboxes. open type, having a high thermal stress of the combustion volume. They are usually used to implement liquid slag removal, as they develop a high temperature. However, in this case, due to the screening of the combustion chamber by the pipes of the boiler circulation circuit, excess heat is removed from the combustion zone, which makes it possible to organize the combustion process, ensuring a reduction in the temperature of the combustion volume to a level that eliminates slagging of the furnace and the formation of harmful nitrogen oxides NO x. Due to the supply of sharp blast and swirling flow, active mixing of the generator gas and heated secondary air is carried out, due to which a sufficiently high temperature is maintained in the area of impact of the jets in the center of the furnace, necessary for the thermal neutralization of harmful and foul-smelling gases.
The window for unloading fresh fuel 1 is structurally located so that when unloading the fuel enters the highest temperature zone of the vortex, directed downward to the layer, due to which, in the process of falling into the layer, partial drying of the wet fuel occurs and the removal of small particles with high windage is reduced due to the ejection effect of high-speed jets. By organizing multiple circulation of flue gases in a vortex, small solid particles of fuel, removed from the layer until they are completely burned, are retained in the radiation chamber below the constriction. This ensures an increase in the completeness of fuel combustion and a reduction in heat loss due to mechanical underburning. Due to the intersection in the area of the exit from the nozzles 5 of slow jets of ascending flows, which have low kinetic energy, with high-speed inclined jets from nozzles 5, which have high kinetic energy, small particles of solid ash residue are intercepted from the upward flow and separated into a downward high-speed jet. Due to the acquired kinetic energy, when turning back over the layer of downward vortex jets under the influence of inertial force, ash particles are carried out of the jet and fall into the layer. Thus, flue gases are purified from fine ash particles and are not allowed to be carried into the convective part.
The proposed technology for burning bird droppings is carried out as follows. Bird droppings through the window (feeder) 1 enter the high-temperature part of the vortex zone of the combustion chamber 3, where, in the process of falling onto the layer, it is partially dried. On the grate 6 there is a layer of fuel with a thickness of at least 300 mm (bale), in which the semi-gas generation process is realized. In the bale, as shown, the following are located sequentially from top to bottom: a drying and devolatilization zone, an inert coke zone, a reduction zone in which generator gas is formed, an oxidative zone of coke burnout, a cooling zone, granulation and ash discharge. The bale itself is motionless on the grate, but inside it there is a gravitational lowering of the fuel, which goes through all stages of the process sequentially. Bottom part bales (zone of cooling, granulation and ash unloading) are subjected to continuous scissoring by means of a scissor bar 7, with the help of which the ash is unloaded into the ash collector 8. To maintain the process in the bale and cool the slag from below through the holes in the grate 6, heated to a temperature of 250-350 °C primary air in an amount of 70% of theoretically required.
Secondary air heated to 250-350°C is blown into the vortex zone of the radiation chamber 3 through counter-inclined nozzles 5 located in the pinching area 2 between the combustion chamber 3 and radiation chamber 4, heated to 250-350°C in an amount of 70% of the required one at a speed of 100...140 m/s . As a result of the counter interaction of the jets, vortices are formed in which active mixing with the generator gas and its combustion occurs, combustion of fine solid particles of fuel removed from the layer, thermal neutralization of harmful and foul-smelling gases released from bird droppings. As a result of the transverse interaction of jets with different kinetic energies, when they intersect each other from the flow of rising flue gases, solid particles of the ash residue are separated and returned to the layer. To prevent the creation of too high temperatures in the combustion chamber, creating a threat of ash melting and slagging of the firebox, side surfaces the combustion chamber is shielded by pipes 9 included in the circulation circuit of the boiler, to which heat is removed.
As was shown above, the device for implementing the proposed method is a furnace divided by pinching 2 into two chambers: combustion chamber 3 and radiation chamber 4. Furnace chamber 3, in turn, is divided into two zones: layer combustion and vortex combustion. On the grate 6 there is a stationary pile of fuel with a height of at least 300 mm, in which all stages of the gas-generating process are implemented. To maintain it, heated primary air is supplied through the holes in the grate 6. The lower part of the layer is subjected to continuous scissoring through the reciprocating movement of the scissor strip 7, which removes ash into the ash collector 8. In the vortex combustion zone in the pinch area 2, blow nozzles 5 are located counter-obliquely in a horizontal plane relative to each other to supply heated secondary air. The window for unloading fresh fuel into the furnace is located so that fresh fuel is unloaded along the line of intersection of the axes of oncoming jets in order to ensure a downward movement of the fuel down into the layer along with the jets. Due to the ejection effect of the jets, this reduces the removal of fine particles of fuel with high windage, and the high temperature in the combustion center at the point of collision of the jets ensures partial drying of the wet fuel even as it falls into the layer. When the jets cross transversely in the area of the nozzle mouth, the high-energy jet separates solid particles of the ash residue from the ascending jets of flue gases with lower energy and returns these particles to the layer.
Thus, an effective method for burning bird droppings has been proposed, as well as a firebox for its implementation, which will allow burning bird droppings with complete combustion of harmful and foul-smelling gases.
1. A method of burning bird droppings, which involves feeding bird droppings into the combustion chamber
with the organization of the combustion process in its lower layer part and the afterburning of generator gas and volatiles in its upper part, characterized in that
bird droppings are served
into the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber with its subsequent drying when moving through this part under the influence of gravity,
and then into successively located layers (zones) of the bale of the lower layer part of the combustion chamber:
layer of drying and release of volatiles,
layer of hot inert coke,
restoration layer,
oxidative layer of coke burnout,
a layer of cooling, granulation and ash unloading, mixed by a rustling bar with the supply of heated primary air through the grate on which the above layers are placed,
followed by afterburning of the generator gas and volatiles in the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that jets of heated secondary air directed towards each other are blown into the upper vortex part of the combustion chamber.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber are supplied to the radiation chamber.
4. A boiler for burning bird droppings, containing a combustion chamber with blowing nozzles, characterized in that
the combustion chamber is divided into
an upper vortex part with at least one window for unloading bird droppings and secondary air blow nozzles, and
the lower layer part for organizing the process of burning bird droppings in accordance with any of paragraphs 1-3.
5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the combustion and radiation chambers are shielded by pipes of the circulation circuit of the boiler installation.
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Boiler houses using bird droppings. Our company specializes in the development, creation, implementation, adjustment and commissioning of boiler houses for agricultural enterprises.
The development of the agricultural complex of Ukraine is inconceivable without the development of poultry farming. However, the growth of this direction agricultural business entails an increase in the amount of waste in the form of droppings. With the traditional approach, bird droppings are considered as toxic industrial waste of hazard class III. Its placement in open areas leads to severe environmental pollution. Therefore, the level of soil, groundwater and air pollution in leading poultry-farming regions is several times higher than permissible standards.
Our specialists have developed several methods for disposing of bird droppings.
Manure disposal can be converted into a profitable business by making fertilizers. However, there is another way - using manure to heat the poultry houses themselves, as well as household and administrative premises.
The use of litter droppings as fuel has very great prospects.
The main advantages of the proposed method of litter litter disposal are:
- complete and rapid elimination of hazard class III waste;
- obtaining constantly used types of thermal and/or electrical energy and valuable mineral fertilizer;
- good adaptation to existing heat and power supply systems for poultry farms. It is also possible to burn cellular manure when its final moisture content reaches no more than 50% by pre-mixing with dry wood or plant waste, or by pre-drying the manure with combustion products.
Litter manure can serve as a renewable alternative biofuel that is used for the poultry farm's own needs, replacing natural gas or other types of natural fuel. Burning litter manure does not require its preliminary preparation (granulation, grinding, drying, etc.). This simplifies and reduces the cost of the technological process.
Burning 1 ton of litter allows you to save up to 270 m3 of natural gas or up to 240 kg of liquid fuel (fuel oil, heating oil). In this case, you can obtain up to 2 Gcal of heat in the form of hot water or up to 3 tons of steam for technological needs, or generate from 50 to 500–600 kW of electricity (depending on the initial and final parameters of the steam).
As a fuel, litter manure has the following thermal characteristics (per working mass):
The ash generated by burning litter manure is a complex phosphorus-potassium-lime fertilizer with a high content of microelements and can be used for various crops in doses from 2 to 10 c/ha, depending on the type of soil, crops and method of application. It is applied to the soil in dry form without additional processing. According to experimental data, the use of this ash instead of conventional mineral fertilizers increased crop yields by 10–15%. The ash yield is 10–15% of the amount of the original litter.
Reliable combustion of litter manure became possible with the creation of special combustion devices that combine layered combustion of fuel with vortex combustion. The design of the firebox with a multi-zone air blast system ensures the necessary conditions combustion of this high-humidity, low-calorie, high-ash fuel with minimal ash carryover. The results of test tests on the combustion of 56 tons of litter manure in an industrial installation with a thermal power of 1.5 MW showed that it burns efficiently with minimal emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. To prevent slagging of the heating surfaces during the testing period, the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the furnace was maintained within 950 ± 50 °C.
The fuel warehouse is equipped with a consumable container with a “living” bottom. Steam from the boiler (pressure up to 1.4 MPa, temperature up to 190 °C) is sent for technological needs, to the boiler of the hot water system and for the own needs of the boiler room. Ash collected in the furnace, bunkers of the boiler convective flue and ash collector is continuously removed to the ash warehouse. Depending on the consumer’s requirements, ash can be packed in bags or transported to the place of use in bulk form in a closed transport. For a boiler room designed to burn 75-80 tons of PP per day and having a thermal power of ~7–8 Gcal/h (8–10 t/h of saturated steam at a pressure of 1.4 MPa), a room with a size of ~18×15 m and a height of up to 13 m. The boiler room can be made of prefabricated metal structures with sandwich panels based on mineral basalt insulation with a thickness of 100-150 mm with a fire resistance limit of 0.75–1.5 hours.
The fuel warehouse must be located in a closed, unheated room with an area of at least 300 m2 (18×18 m), a height of up to 6 m and can also be made of prefabricated metal structures with sandwich panels. The economic efficiency of burning litter manure and the payback period for capital costs depend on its quantity. Burning litter to produce steam and heat is a cost-effective and quick-payback measure. The estimated payback period does not exceed 18 months. Supplementing steam and heat production with electricity generation will significantly increase the economic efficiency of this method of PP recycling. Thus, when generating 10 t/h of steam with parameters of 1.4 MPa and 250 °C in district heating mode with heating of network water to 80 °C (DHW mode), approximately 900 kWh of electricity can be generated, of which up to 200 kWh - for the boiler room, and the rest for the poultry farm’s own needs.
This method of recycling PP is the fastest with a payback period for capital costs of no more than 1.5–2.0 years. The components of capital costs and economic efficiency depend on actual conditions and are calculated for each specific case. Integrated production of heat for hot water supply and heating, process steam and electricity in boiler houses using litter manure will significantly increase the independence of poultry farms from energy suppliers and their tariffs.
Manure from poultry farms is a by-product of poultry farming, which is several times greater in volume than production finished products: for 1 ton of broiler meat, up to 3 tons of turkey meat are produced - up to 4 tons of droppings: Russian poultry farms produce more than 17 million tons of droppings per year. The prevailing point of view is still that it is a dangerous waste that reduces the profitability of production. This encourages poultry farmers to get rid of it in the cheapest possible way - by taking it to landfills. Pyrolysis and biogas production as methods of manure disposal are not widely used for a number of reasons. The production of pyrolysis gas from litter manure is technologically ineffective, because the original litter is a higher calorie fuel than pyrolysis gas. A biogas plant is a high-tech production that has a number of significant limitations (the temperature at which biogas is released must not go beyond the established limits: in mesophilic mode: 35±1.0; in thermophilic mode: 55±0.5ºС). After the completion of the biogas release process, 4-5 times more liquid waste requiring disposal remains than the original litter. All the produced biogas is not enough to dry them. Therefore, biogas production is not essentially a method of biowaste disposal.
Video: Burning litter manure in a steam boiler
AGK ECOLOGY LLC offers direct combustion of bird droppings in specialized hot water and steam boilers. In this case, the rate of thermal utilization of one portion of litter is 10-15 seconds. With proper organization of the combustion process, the concentration of emissions is less than when burning fuel oil, and the resulting ash (up to 14% of the original volume of waste) is an effective potassium-phosphorus fertilizer. Thus, the process of burning manure is characterized by the absence secondary waste, which makes the technology environmentally flawless.
According to the technology we offer, litter is a secondary raw material and a source of additional income. Poultry manure is a raw material for the production of:
- energy resources (heat, steam, electricity) when burned in the form of biofuel with the by-product of mineral fertilizers from the ash.
- organic fertilizers;
B b O To a greater extent, the thermal recycling process is applicable to litter droppings, which does not require any preparation before burning. We offer technology for thermal disposal of litter with the production from 1 ton of this waste up to 2 Gcal of heat (DHW, heating), or 3 tons of steam, or up to 600 kWh of electricity, replacing up to 270 m 3 of gas. Additionally, up to 140 kg of ash is obtained - an effective mineral fertilizer. The technology of flare-layer burning of manure is protected by Patent No. 151541 (MKP F23G 7/00).
Specific capital costs for hot water boilers is 10-12 thousand €/t of litter per day, and the payback period does not exceed 2 years only by reducing (or stopping) gas consumption (1 € = 75 rubles).
Below you can view detailed video about the process of effective disposal of litter using our equipment.
Specific capital costs for steam boiler houses range from 20 to 17 thousand €/t of manure per day, the cost of heat is about 400 rubles/Gcal. In the case of combined production of electricity and heat, capital costs increase to 36–25 thousand €/t of manure or 2000–1300 €/kW of installed capacity, decreasing with increasing CHP capacity. The cost of electricity ranges from 2.4 to 0.7 rubles/kWh. The payback period for investments ranges from 2 (hot water boilers) to 5 years (mini-CHP with combined production of electricity, steam, heat and fertilizers).
Disposal of caged litter is complicated by its high (70-75%) humidity, and requires its preliminary drying (including due to the heat of combustion products of part of the already dried litter). When it is constantly burned in boilers, drying to a humidity of 30% is sufficient. If long-term storage is necessary, the litter should be dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. In this case, it can also be used as an organic fertilizer. When drying cell droppings, it is necessary to clean the gases after the dryers not only from fly ash carryover, but also from foul-smelling gases. Absorbers such as wet scrubbers with circulating alkaline water are usually used for this purpose.
Video: Burning cell droppings
But that's not all. Litter disposal by burning it, it leads to the formation of ash, which is a valuable potassium-phosphorus mineral fertilizer that increases crop yields by 10-15%. The volume of resulting ash will be 7-10 times less than the volume of the original litter. Depending on the requirements of the technical specifications, ash can be packed in bags (big bags) or transported to the place of use in bulk form in a closed transport.
Schematic diagram of a steam boiler room
The efficiency of using cellular manure as biofuel increases by minimizing its initial humidity: reducing it from 75 to 65% increases useful heat 5 times: from 0.1 to 0.5 Gcal/t of manure by reducing fuel consumption for drying.
AGK ECOLOGY LLC offers to pre-dry the manure using the heat of the air removed from the poultry houses. The recovery of this heat allows reducing the humidity of the litter to 55-60%. The useful heat output in this case increases to 0.7 Gcal/t of litter, which allows the production of sufficient a large number of heat or saturated steam for production needs, while saving natural gas.
Specific capital costs for the creation of such an energy complex amount to up to 700 thousand rubles / ton of manure per day, and their payback period does not exceed 5-6 years. The cost of thermal energy is 700 rubles/Gcal, steam – 500 rubles/t. A by-product in this case is the formation of 50-60 kg of ash (per 1 ton of raw litter). The production of soil conditioner from this ash increases crop yields by 30-40%, which can significantly reduce the cost of feed and, accordingly, the final poultry product.
Thermal technology is also applicable for
- Disposal of chicken manure
- Burning chicken manure
- Processing of cattle and pig manure
- Litter processing
- Poultry manure processing
Fuel - chicken manure mixed with bedding from sunflower husks, dried to a moisture content of 23%.
The experimental installation is a vortex furnace, designed in the form of an external pre-furnace.
Results of an experiment on burning chicken manure
Place of the experiment: Volnyansk
Date: January 26-27, 2011
Indoor air temperature - + 13- + 15оС
Air temperature outside - -15оС
Fuel - chicken manure mixed with bedding from sunflower husks, dried to a moisture content of 23%. Other calorie information factional composition, volatile yield, as well as the composition of the mineral part are absent.
Brief description of the installation: the experimental installation is a vortex furnace, made in the form of an external pre-furnace. The pre-firebox is installed in the immediate vicinity of the E10-14 steam boiler, and connected to it by a thermally insulated gas duct and used with the TDM and the existing boiler automation system, it is structurally designed according to the following scheme. The cylindrical body, lined with nutria and refractory material, is equipped with two swirlers (upper and lower) and 4 blast zones located in height to organize vortex motion. In the upper zone there is a tangential fuel input unit with a supply of primary blast for the purpose of joint input with fuel. A swirler is installed above the upper blast zone into which secondary blast air is supplied to form an organized release of flue gases from the vortex pre-furnace. The lower blast zone consists of a lower swirler, with a central hole for unloading ash, and main blast nozzles. Secondary air is supplied to the middle blast zones in order to maintain the stability of the vortex flow in height.
Description of the experiment:
The pneumatic transport system into the reactor was tested, vortex movement in the firebox. Air is supplied to the following areas:
Ejector;
Lower swirl:
Lower main blast nozzles.
The remaining blast zones are practically switched off due to the high resistance of the gas path.
The installation was started from a cold state by igniting the kindling material. The fuel supply system worked reliably. The vortex was in a stable state. No deposits were observed on the walls of the reactor or the furnace floor. The temperature in the reactor is 800-1100°C, depending on the fuel consumption, set by changing the number of rotations of the feeder.
Continuous Full time job turned out to be impossible due to the lack of water in the boiler and, accordingly, the utilization of heat leaving the installation.
In general, during the day it was necessary to start the vortex pre-furnace three times; the starts were carried out without difficulties with a quick return to operating modes.
01/27/2011 (after 15 hours).
2-3 test runs were made on wood, the ignition mode in a hot firebox was tried. Temporary stops were due to fuel hanging in the bunker and the boiler safety system being activated. All blast zones are completely closed, except for the bottom row of main blast nozzles due to lack of fuel for transportation.