Why is the water in small reservoirs green? Cause of pond water pollution
Everyone has encountered the “blooming” of water. In ponds, outdoor pools, and bottles for watering plants, the water over time acquires a greenish tint, and the walls are covered with a specific coating. Should we be afraid of “green” water?
These algae undergo photosynthesis and color the water green.
Causes of water bloom
To explain this phenomenon, it is enough to examine a drop of lake water under a microscope. The water is filled with algae.
Algae are capable of photosynthesis - when exposed to light, cells produce the pigment chlorophyll, which gives algae their green color. Under unfavorable environmental conditions - for example, when a reservoir dries out - algae form spores that can survive for a long time without a nutrient medium. These spores spread in various ways, including through the air.
Why might water in a bottle turn green?
Water from artesian wells does not contain algae. They simply cannot live at such depths without access to light. The Protera bottled drinking water production technology eliminates any external contamination of the finished product. Thus, water in a closed bottle cannot “turn green”.
But after opening the bottle, air enters it, which can also carry algae spores. Natural natural water contains minimal concentrations of phosphorus, which is a breeding ground for algae. Under the influence of light, their division and photosynthesis begin. In this case, within 2-3 weeks the water in the bottle may turn green.
Growing algae attach to the walls of not only the bottle, but also the filling equipment: pumps, stopcocks, coolers, etc. In this case, when changing a water bottle, the equipment may become a source of algae and “greening” of the next initially clean bottle.
How to avoid blooming
Naturally, “green” water is unpleasant, so you should follow a number of simple rules that will help you avoid “blooming”.
- When replacing drinking water bottles, thoroughly rinse the filling equipment. Rinse all accessible parts: tubes, etc. Call a specialist every six months for more thorough treatment.
- Do not keep the bottle open; after removing the cap, install the equipment immediately. Do not handle an opened bottle by the neck without a stopper.
- If possible, use and store water bottles in a dark place away from direct sunlight. If not possible, use an opaque cover for the bottle.
- After opening the bottle, do not throw away the cork; then close the used bottle. This will protect against contamination and “greening” of the remaining water in the bottle.
- Do not use self-refill bottles on springs, standpipes, etc. Without washing and disinfecting returnable containers in production conditions, this can be hazardous to health.
There was a time when springs of crystal clear moisture even protected from the violence of nature. Now, being in direct contact with precipitation and melt water, forming ponds, they begin to bloom. The phenomenon is, of course, unhealthy and visually unsightly.
As expected, it undergoes mandatory certification. Subsequently, the extracted well water is packaged in containers and supplied for sale as a food product. But there is evidence that the source can take on a bright green hue. It is not uncommon for algae to appear inside an open or uncleanly washed container.
Algae are, first of all, factors of improper storage and transportation. For example, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and elevated storage temperatures are not recommended.
Greening may be caused by:
. the liquid was not borrowed from the well;
. contamination of the internal space of the technological water storage tank;
. contamination of bottles and small containers due to the fault of the consumer.
However, there is a cohort of specialists who claim the benefits of green algae. They say that there are no specific studies indicating that they are harmful to the human body.
Unfortunately, clean, ready-to-drink well water does not pass tests for the presence of organic matter, toxic chemicals, radionuclides and other chemically harmful contamination. These parameters are not tested and their concentration is not measured. Underground water intake structures are the main suppliers of drinking water. At the same time, laboratory quality control is increasingly putting forward the hypothesis that flowering and, specifically, greening of water is caused by storage conditions and a low level of cleanliness of the container. Modern quality control devices record the presence of suspended components exceeding the permissible norm. And the green tint clearly characterizes the presence of plants in the drink.
Methods for removing green water from a pool
To determine the routes of their penetration into the container, blooming water must be subjected to laboratory tests to obtain the appropriate conclusion.
For example, to remove greening in a swimming pool, you again need to know the indicators and reasons for their occurrence. For this purpose the following is measured:
1. Free chlorine indicator, water hardness, alkalinity level, mineralization and sulfate content.
2. Probable cause of green, cloudy fluid.
If this is detected or a slippery surface of the pool walls appears, rechlorination should be done to a level of 25 mg/l with free chlorine.
Carry out high-quality mechanical treatment of the entire area of the pool. It is advisable to maintain the chlorine content at a level of 3 mg/l. And to prevent the appearance of greenery, it is recommended to use the drug “algicyl” in the future.
Thus, only a competent choice of solution to the problem can lead to the elimination, in particular from the pool, of green turbidity.
Any of us has encountered such a problem as water bloom, in which the liquid takes on a greenish tint. This can be observed in open reservoirs, aquariums, swimming pools and even in drinking water bottles. Many people are alarmed by this phenomenon, because not everyone would agree to swim in green water, not to mention use it for drinking and cooking. But few people know why the water turns green and whether it poses a danger to humans.
To understand the reason for water blooms, remember your school biology lesson, where you examined a drop of lake water under a microscope. You've probably seen a lot of bluish-green cells, some of which formed long chains. These are cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae. They give the water its characteristic shade.
Cyanobacteria, like plants, are capable of photosynthesis and the production of a green pigment - chlorophyll.
The more light enters the water, the faster the bacteria multiply and synthesize pigment, coloring the pond with it.
Therefore, the main reason for the blooming of stagnant water is bacteria, and not algae, as is commonly believed. Although the latter can also “contribute” to this process, especially if their numbers are quite large.
Blooming reservoirs
Open reservoirs begin to bloom in the warm season, when the water warms up to at least 18 °C. Bacterial spores and microscopic algae “wake up” and actively multiply, forming a green film on the surface of the water. For humans, this phenomenon is not dangerous, which cannot be said about aquatic inhabitants. Water blooms in water bodies lead to a decrease in oxygen concentration in water, which causes mass fish deaths. Rotting remains become a source of phosphorus, which feeds bacteria. The latter begin to multiply even faster, and the situation worsens.
Usually this process is controlled by nature itself. Some living creatures eat microscopic algae, purifying the water of them. Also, the concentration of algae decreases significantly when air and water temperatures drop, as well as during rains. But it happens that the process of self-purification in a reservoir simply does not have time to occur. There are reasons why water blooms at tremendous speed:
- High concentration of organic matter in the reservoir. The reason may be water contamination with bio-waste, rotten leaves, and fertilizers.
- Hot days, lack of precipitation for a long period.
- Excessive feeding of fish.
- Reproduction and distribution of certain types of algae in a reservoir.
- Significant change in the hydrochemical composition of water.
How to improve pond water
What to do if the water in the pond turns green? First, you should assess the degree of bloom in the reservoir. If the process is not very intense and lasts no more than 2-3 weeks, there is no need to worry - nature will do everything itself. If you are afraid that the fish will suffocate, you can increase the movement of water using a fountain or blowing pipes.
If the water turns green at high speed and for a long time, the cause of this phenomenon should be found. Perhaps a large amount of fertilizer from a neighboring garden gets into the water, or you overfeed the fish. Try to fix the problem as soon as possible. You can control the organic content in water using a special filtration system.
Sometimes providing the reservoir with shady areas helps solve the problem. To do this, you can plant plants around the perimeter of the reservoir that will prevent the sun's rays from penetrating into the water column. You can also use plants that are natural algae antagonists, such as water lilies. Biological control methods also include some types of fish that clean the pond by eating algae in it.
Algae can be controlled using algaecides. Their use requires strict adherence to the instructions, since the drugs can harm other inhabitants of the reservoir.
Green water in a cooler
If everything is clear with open reservoirs, then why does the water in the cooler turn green if the liquid is purified and isolated from the external environment? Contamination of the liquid occurs at the stage of its use by the consumer, since algae do not survive in artesian wells, and compliance with drinking water production technologies prevents its contamination.
Artesian water contains a small amount of phosphorus, which is used by algae to maintain life. After opening, air enters the bottle, which may contain spores of microscopic algae. They, feeding on phosphorus, begin to multiply.
When light hits the bottle, cyanobacteria begin the process of photosynthesis, producing a green pigment. After a few weeks, drinking water takes on a green tint. Algae can get from the bottle to other parts of the cooler - pumps, taps, etc., multiplying there and infecting new bottles.
How to deal with the problem
We don’t want to drink green water, so we should adhere to the following rules:
- Clean the cooler regularly, thoroughly rinsing all parts in contact with the liquid.
- When replacing a bottle, do not touch the neck without the stopper.
- Do not keep the container open for a long time. After opening the bottle, immediately place it in the cooler.
- Keep water bottles away from direct light. Try to store them in a dark place or cover them with an opaque cloth.
- Do not reuse bottles by filling them with tap water or water from natural sources. For further use, containers must be disinfected under special conditions.
Fighting blue-green algae in a pond: Video
Municipal stage of the Russian research competition and
creative projects for preschoolers and junior schoolchildren
"I am a researcher"
Direction: Natural Science
Title of work
Why does the water turn green?
Author of the work
Golovchuk Timofey Evgenievich, 2nd grade
Teacher:
Brusyanina Irina Nikolaevna
MBOU "Secondary school No. 3"
Biysk
Introduction
In the summer, while relaxing in the village with my grandparents, I loved to help with
water the plants in the garden. It was adapted for storing irrigation water
a large metal tank that was filled using a hose. Near the tank
A tall pear tree grows and its shadow falls on part of the tank. At the beginning
summer, the water in the tank and its walls were clean, and then, although the water was replenished,
the inside of the tank, which was exposed to sunlight, began to turn green, and
later, the entire inside of the tank was covered with a thick layer of greenery. And on
a green slippery coating formed on the surface of the water itself.
The summer passed, when I returned home I was somehow looking through an encyclopedia about
plants and discovered an article about versions of the origin of life on our
planet, as well as the role of water in this process. The article provided examples
the oldest plants - algae and why water turns green. I have become more
review information on these topics in detail and make a decision
conduct your own research: why does the water turn green?
Purpose of the study: to find out the conditions and reasons for changes in quality
water from different sources.
Research objectives:
1. Study what types of water sources there are.
2. Study what types of microscopic algae there are.
3. Determine favorable conditions for algae growth.
4. Determine the relationship between water source and quantity and types
microorganisms contained in it.
Object of study: water samples taken from different sources, in
the same time and placed under different storage conditions.
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Subject of research: changes in the color of water and its qualities (turbidity,
sediment) as a result of observation over time.
During the work, the following research methods were used:
theoretical analysis;
pilot study;
observation method;
comparison method.
Research hypothesis: suppose that
water samples from outdoor ponds will begin to turn green faster than
water samples placed in storage conditions without sunlight and
air will begin to turn green later than samples under sunlight and with
air access;
microalgae are formed in water samples from different sources
Theoretical part
Almost 70% of the territory of our planet is covered with water. If
recalculated into cubic kilometers, the figure turns out to be quite
impressive - 1500 million cubic kilometers. And it seems that this
a huge figure, but do not forget that this one and a half million includes
absolutely all water - sea, ocean, lake, river. Of these 70%
only 3% comes from fresh water. About 190 million cubic
kilometers of water resources are located under the earth's crust (underground reservoirs).
Depending on the depth of these sources, they are divided into underground and
surface waters. At the same time, taking into account the number of people living on earth, and,
therefore, people in need of drinking water – this indicator
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meager. Today, the lack of clean fresh water is the main problem
humanity. Scientists around the world are developing programs and technologies
which are aimed at desalinating sea and ocean water.
Water pools that are located underground at a depth of
tens to hundreds of meters - these are peculiar vessels where water is surrounded
hard rock and is under extreme pressure. Water,
accumulating at shallow depths, is an excellent basis for
wells, water pipes. This water is suitable for domestic use, but
requires special cleansing if used for food. Water,
located at a depth of several meters from the ground, has one significant
disadvantage - it is constantly in contact with the top loose layer of soil and
may be contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, radionuclides and
other substances and compounds. Therefore, reservoirs at greater depths
cleaner and safer to use.
Glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica are a huge source of
fresh water all over the earth. This is approximately 20 to 30 million
cubic kilometers of fresh and, most importantly, clean drinking water.
A lot of fresh water also falls in the form of a wide variety of precipitation (snow,
rain, dew), and this is about 14 thousand cubic kilometers. Today
Many special technologies have been developed for desalination of ocean water.
water. The main method for extracting fresh water is the principle
distillation. But in addition to this method, other physical methods are also used.
chemical methods, cheaper and more accessible.
The main sources of fresh water on earth are rivers and lakes. This
inherently unique “gifts” of nature. Humanity has been around for centuries
uses fresh water to meet its needs. The largest
lake in the world is Lake Baikal, located on the territory of the Russian
Federation. This reservoir is considered not only the largest in the world, but also
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the purest with the richest flora and fauna. Volumes of water in Baikal
are about 20 thousand cubic kilometers.
About six thousand cubic kilometers of water are found in all
animal and plant organisms on the planet, including people themselves.
Therefore, we can safely say that natural water resources are distributed
literally all over the planet.
But the water itself, at first glance transparent and absolutely pure, conceals
itself a huge world of living microorganisms. Water is a unique substance
capable not only of supporting the life of all organisms, but also of giving rise to this
life.
About 3 billion years ago, blue algae appeared on earth and
became the first vegetation on it. It is the oldest living organism
known for chlorophyll, the coloring agent that gives green
color of leaves, as well as photosynthesis, thanks to which nutrients
can be produced using light, one of the most outstanding
phenomena in the creation of the world. The emergence of blue algae has been closely linked
with an increase in oxygen in the atmosphere. It formed the ozone layer, which
in turn protected from harmful ultraviolet rays, thanks to which
the water surface of the planet was populated.
For a very long time, algae were the only representatives
vegetation on Earth. Only about 500 million years ago did they appear
higher plants. During this seemingly infinitely long period,
algae have reached ecological perfection, and this in turn has played a role
an outstanding role in the progressive development of flora and fauna on the planet.
There are approximately 20 thousand species of green algae,
distributed mainly in fresh water bodies and wetlands
land areas. Among the pigments present in their cells, the predominant
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chlorophyll, which gives them their green color. In green algae cells
starch is stored.
Representatives of green algae are species such as,
chlamydomonas, chlorella, volvox, ulotrix, nitella.
Chlamydomonas is a freshwater microscopic
single-celled algae of elongated pear shape.
At its anterior end there are two identical flagella
the lengths with which it moves through the water column. Except big
vacuoles with cell sap, the Chlamydomonas cell has two small
contractile vacuoles. With their help, excess water is removed from the cell,
coming from the environment. Thus, these vacuoles regulate
pressure inside the cell: if excess water were not removed outside, the cell
would burst.
Near the base of the flagellum there is a red spot like this:
called the peephole, which perceives light. Moving around, Chlamydomonas with
Using the eye, it finds conditions favorable for photosynthesis. At
lack of light, chlamydomonas can absorb through the membrane
ready-made organic substances dissolved in water.
Chlamydomonas reproduces, as a rule, asexually. At the same time
it loses flagella, and its nucleus and cytoplasm are divided into 4 (sometimes 8) small
biflagellate cells - spores. Spore (from the Greek spore - sowing, seed)
plants are called special cells that serve for asexual reproduction and
distribution. Chlamydomonas spores leave the mother's shell
cells enter the water, where they quickly grow to a certain size. Already
within a day, young chlamydomonas cells can multiply again
in an asexual way. Such reproduction can be repeated many times.
If unfavorable conditions occur (decrease in water temperature,
drying up of a reservoir, etc.) the mother cell passes to the reproductive
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reproduction. It forms sex cells that come out into the water and in pairs
merge. This is how a zygote is formed (from the Greek zygotos - joined together).
The zygote is covered with a thick membrane and in this state tolerates well
freezing and drying out. When favorable conditions occur, the contents
The zygote divides. Four motile spores are formed and released into the water.
and grow.
Chlorella, unlike Chlamydomonas, is common in both fresh and
salty reservoirs, as well as on moist land areas. She doesn't
has eyes and flagella. This algae is multiplying
exclusively asexually - with the help of immobile
dispute.
Volvox lives in fresh water bodies, looks small (up to 2 mm in
diameter) of movable green balls. Volvox is a colonial algae
which consists of a significant (up to 20 thousand) number of cells, in general
similar to Chlamydomonas cells. These cells are connected to each other
cytoplasmic bridges. Inside the Volvox colony is filled
gelatinous substance. Volvox is capable of reproducing asexually and sexually
ways.
Ulotrix is a freshwater multicellular algae. Unlike
volvox, ulothrix cells are arranged in one row and form a long
thread (up to 10 cm long). Ulotrix reproduces vegetatively (by thread fragments),
asexually (using motile spores) and sexually.
Experimental part
To solve the assigned problems and reveal the research topic,
needed water samples. Five water samples were collected from
different sources:
1. Filtered water - water from a home flow filter,
suitable for drinking.
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2.Tap water - home cold water from the tap.
3.Rainwater – water collected from runoff immediately
after
rain.
4.River water - water collected near the bank of the Biya River in a flowing place
(not stagnant).
5. Water from a standing reservoir is water collected from
career.
The start of the experiment was the date of collecting water samples - 09/27/2015.
All five water samples were poured into clean containers with tightly
with a closing lid and placed under the following storage conditions (at
constant room temperature 2223 degrees C):
1. In direct sunlight and without air access.
2. Under direct sunlight and with access to air (in lids
holes were made).
3. In a dark place and without access to air.
Then began the daily inspection of water samples and
recording the results in an observation diary.
Legend:
F – filtered water.
B – tap water.
D – rain water
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R – river (flowing) water.
SW – water from a standing reservoir.
PR – clear water
LOD – light sediment at the bottom.
OS – sediment at the bottom.
NOV – initial formation of algae.
LMD – light bottom turbidity.
ZOS – green sediment
Start green – the water begins to turn green.
ZD, green bottom – green bottom.
Green dots – green dots have formed on the bottom.
Diary of daily observations
1. In direct sunlight and without air access
Date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
04.10.2015
05.10.2015
06.10.2015
07.10.2015
08.10.2015
09.10.2015
10.10.2015
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12.10.2015
13.10.2015
14.10.2015
15.10.2015
16.10.2015
17.10.2015
18.10.2015
19.10.2015
20.10.2015
F
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LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
Start green
Start green
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21.10.2015
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31.10.2015
01.11.2015
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10.11.2015
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AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
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OS
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OS
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OS
Start green
Start green
Start green
Start green
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
2. In direct sunlight and with access to air
Date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
04.10.2015
05.10.2015
06.10.2015
07.10.2015
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09.10.2015
10.10.2015
11.10.2015
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16.10.2015
17.10.2015
18.10.2015
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LMD
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Start green
Start green
Start green
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
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19.10.2015
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31.10.2015
01.11.2015
02.11.2015
03.11.2015
04.11.2015
05.11.2015
06.11.2015
07.11.2015
08.11.2015
09.11.2015
10.11.2015
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Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
50% ZD
50% ZD
50% ZD
50% ZD
50% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
75% ZD
3. In a dark place and without air access
Date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
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05.10.2015
06.10.2015
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16.10.2015
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LOD
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As a result of daily observation of samples, I discovered
the amazing process of development of a whole world of microorganisms from ordinary
seemingly transparent water, simply located in a small container and
with which nothing special was done.
Below is a table containing the main changes,
that occurred with water during the observation process.
Filtered water
1 group
3 group
2nd group
Tap water
1 group
Throughout the entire observation period, the water sample in each group did not change in any way. Water
remained transparent, as it was at the beginning of the study, without precipitation, turbidity or color changes.
3 group
2nd group
1 group
2nd group
3 group
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Rainwater
In 8 days
After 17 days
After 38 days
1 group
In 9 days
After 16 days
1 group
In 8 days
In 10 days
Light sediment at the bottom
In 8 days
Sediment
In 23 days
Green sediment at the bottom
After 35 days
river water
2nd group
Light sediment at the bottom
In 9 days
Sediment
In 15 days
Green sediment at the bottom
After 37 days
Water from a standing pond
2nd group
Light sediment at the bottom
In 10 days
3 group
In 9 days
3 group
In 11 days
Slight bottom turbidity
In 8 days
Sediment
Green sediment at the bottom
In 13 days
Green bottom
After 29 days
After 16 days
Green bottom is 50% covered
In 27 days
Green bottom is 75% covered
After 31 days
Green dots and green bottom
After 35 days
So, having formed all the results into a common table, you can see
sequentially change some water samples and draw conclusions.
Samples of filtered and tap water throughout
period of the experiment did not change in any way in external signs in any of the
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groups of storage conditions. We conclude that
that water is already supplied to our homes
purified from impurities and with the addition
substances that destroy microorganisms,
and filtered water is the same
water main that goes through another
additional cleansing. Thus, these water samples could not
turn green due to the absence of microorganisms and algae particles in them
no matter what group of storage conditions they would be placed in.
Conclusions from this example:
Purified water cannot independently
to form a new life, it can only contribute to its development.
In samples of river (flowing) water and
rainwater in all three groups of conditions
storage through approximately equal amounts
time there was a small sediment -
due to the fact that the water has settled and
which
tiny particles
present in every open body of water,
mud,
sank to the bottom. But further only in samples,
who stood under the sunlight sediment
thickened and began to turn green only in the sample,
water in which there was access to air.
Conclusions from this example: for
the development of life requires not only solar
light, but also access to air.
The water sample from a standing reservoir turned out to be the most interesting for
observations, since his changes were very rapid compared
with other samples. In water without sunlight and without access to air (3
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group) a precipitate formed and there were no further changes
happened. And in water samples with access to light, sediment formed almost
that is, the beginning of education
at the same time, but the beginning of greening
microscopic algae in the sample with access to air occurred by two
weeks earlier. Further, at the moment when the bottom of the container with the water sample is
access to air was almost completely covered with a green coating, the water sample
without air access, it also changed, but at a much lower speed and by
at the end of the experiment, tiny
green dots.
Conclusions from this example: for the development of life it was enough only
sunlight, but with access to air this process began much earlier and
proceeded more rapidly.
Comparing rain and river samples
water and a sample from a standing pond,
we can say that a precipitate has formed
almost simultaneously. But green
sediment in rain and river water in
samples with air access
formed three weeks later than in
water from a standing reservoir.
Conclusion from this comparison: the content of microorganisms in river and
rainwater is less than water from a standing reservoir.
Conclusion
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When I started my experiment, I assumed
the following hypotheses:
1. Water samples from outdoor ponds will begin to turn green faster than
tap samples;
2. Water samples placed in storage conditions without sunlight and
air will begin to turn green later than samples under sunlight and with access
air.
3. In water samples from different sources, microalgae are formed
different types (color, shape, location).
The first hypothesis was partially confirmed - since tap water
Not only did it not begin to turn green later, but it did not change at all. For samples
filtered and tap water had no effect on any of the conditions
which means:
storage,
microorganisms that there is nothing to multiply and grow in water.
these samples are so cleared of
The second hypothesis was fully confirmed - in all samples with access
air (except for tap and filtered water) life formed. But
In addition, in some samples the process of microalgae growth began and
without air access, which allows us to conclude: in these water samples
contained a high number of microorganisms and there was enough air
which was closed under the lid of the container. But also, in samples and without
access to sunlight, and without access to air, no
changes, which allows us to conclude: even if the water contains
a huge number of microorganisms, without sunlight their growth, development and
reproduction will be impossible.
The third hypothesis was also confirmed, since in one water sample
microorganisms were observed in the form of points, some in the form of thin threads,
others grew in a continuous bloom. We conclude: the microscopic world
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algae is so diverse that even in a small volume of water there are
there may be a large number.
The purpose of my research was: to find out the conditions and reasons for the change
water quality from different sources. Based on data obtained in
As a result of the experiment, I conclude that water is a unique and
an amazing substance that can support the life of all organisms,
but subject to certain external conditions.
References
1. Gabdullin R.R. Prehistoric life. Encyclopedia OLMA. – M.:
OLMA Media Group, 2014. – 303 pp.: ill.
2. Great encyclopedia of elementary school. Plants and animals: questions and
answers. – M.: OLMA Media Group, 2013. – 208 p.: ill.
3. Moskvin A.G., Losev K.S., Pavlidis Yu.A. and others. Big encyclopedia
nature. Water and air. Volume 10 Publisher: M.: LLC "eKnigi.orgи"
4. Internet resources:
http://www.krugosvet.ru
http://encyclopedia.dljatebja.ru
http://www.watermap.ru
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The swimming season in Rus' traditionally opens with the holiday of Ivan Kupala (on the night of July 6-7). It ended on Ilyin’s day (August 2), even if August turned out to be warm. During this period, the water turns green (“blooms”) and becomes unsuitable for swimming. The water in the aquarium and in any open vessel (bottle, jug, decanter) is also colored.
Causes of water bloom
You can understand the reason for this phenomenon by examining a drop of water under a microscope. In the “blooming” water, it will be easy to see particles of microalgae. These are the so-called cyanobacteria, blue-green algae. For the development of cyanobacteria, two conditions are necessary: sunlight and a nutrient medium. The answer to the question why the water in the aquarium turns green is obvious. The aquarium is placed in the light, because light is necessary for the normal functioning of its inhabitants. The nutrient medium is formed by leftover food (therefore, there is no need to give the fish more food than required). In water bodies, the nutrient medium for the development of blue-green algae is created mainly by nitrogen and phosphorus. Cyanobacteria develop in a decanter, jug or any other vessel with water standing in the light upon contact with air, because air has a complex formula that includes a lot of chemical elements.
Fight against algal bloom
There is nothing wrong with the fact that the water in the aquarium has turned green: cyanobacteria do not pose any danger to fish, snails and other aquarium inhabitants. However, the unaesthetic appearance of the aquarium forces us to purchase a special scraper to clean the walls. Knowing why the water turns green, it will not be difficult for you to avoid “blooming”. First, try to position the aquarium so that it is not exposed to direct sunlight. Secondly, do not put too much food into the water. But if the water does turn green, purchase a special chemical product at the pet store to clean it. You can prepare a streptomycin solution yourself - it cleans water perfectly. Take 4 mg of powder for each liter of aquarium water. For example, if you have a 3 liter aquarium, you will need 12 mg of streptomycin powder. Dilute it in a small amount of boiled water at room temperature and pour it into the aquarium.
Water in reservoirs is also cleaned chemically or mechanically. Also used for cleaning are ultraviolet filters (they are equipped with pumps for this purpose) and circulation systems. With the bottom-circulation method of purification, water is taken by a pump from the very bottom of the reservoir and supplied to the surface through a pipeline system.
In order to prevent water in a bottle (jar, barrel and other vessels) from turning green, it is necessary to limit access to sunlight and ensure tightness (minimize contact with air).