Why is it hot in Australia? Why Australia is the most dangerous continent
Research objectives: To study the climate of Australia. Study the climate of Australia. Prove that Australia is the driest continent. Prove that Australia is the driest continent. Explain why Australia is the hottest and driest continent. Explain why Australia is the hottest and driest continent.
Australian joke One day, raindrops fell on an Australian farmer's forehead and he fainted in surprise. His relatives tried to revive him by spraying him on his face. cold water, but to no avail. And finally, one of them guessed and threw two buckets of dust in the unfortunate man’s face. And the farmer immediately came to his senses. It's an Australian joke. It reflected important climatic features this continent. One day, raindrops fell on an Australian farmer's forehead and he fainted in surprise. Relatives tried to revive him by splashing cold water on his face, but to no avail. And finally, one of them guessed and threw two buckets of dust into the unfortunate man’s face. And the farmer immediately came to his senses. It's an Australian joke. It reflected the important climatic features of this continent.
Climatic zones of Australia Australia lies in three climatic zones: Australia lies in three climatic zones: subequatorial, subequatorial, tropical, tropical, subtropical subtropical Large area occupies tropical climate zone. Occupies a larger area tropical climate ic belt.
Eastern coast of the mainland Falls here greatest number precipitation, as the trade winds bring air masses With Pacific Ocean saturated with moisture. The greatest amount of precipitation falls here, as trade winds bring air masses from the Pacific Ocean, saturated with moisture.
Weather in Australia The weather in Australia is conducive to travel all year round. The hottest time of the year: November-January, at this time from +25 C to +32 C. Relatively cold in June-August, the temperature does not rise above C, and sometimes drops to 0 C. winter time rains frequently. May-August - perfect time for a trip, September - December- peak season The weather in Australia is conducive to travel all year round. The hottest time of the year: November-January, at this time from +25 C to +32 C. It is relatively cold in June-August, the temperature does not rise above C, and sometimes drops to 0 C. In winter, rain is frequent. May-August is the ideal time to travel, September-December is the peak season
Australia is the most hot mainland Australia is the hottest continent on Earth. In dry areas inland, temperatures rise to 30 degrees Celsius. The record high to which the thermometer rose was 53 degrees. The hottest time of the year is from November to January, at this time throughout the country the temperature ranges from +20 C to +32 C, and in central regions can reach as high as C. Moreover, already 1.5 - 2 hours after sunset, the temperature can drop to C. Australia is the hottest continent on Earth. In dry areas inland, temperatures rise to 30 degrees Celsius. The record high to which the thermometer rose was 53 degrees. The hottest time of the year is from November to January, at this time throughout the country the temperature ranges from +20 C to +32 C, and in the central regions it can reach C. Moreover, already 1.5 - 2 hours after sunset sun, temperatures can drop to C.
Why is Australia the driest continent? Most of it lies in the tropical zone. Most of it lies in the tropical zone. Over a significant part of the continent, precipitation falls only from 250 to 500 mm/year, and in the central part - less than 250 mm/year. Over a significant part of the continent, precipitation falls only from 250 to 500 mm/year, and in the central part - less than 250 mm/year. Almost half of the continent is occupied by the zone tropical deserts. Almost half of the continent is occupied by tropical deserts. There are very few rivers, and even then almost all dry up. There are very few rivers, and even then almost all of them dry up. There are few lakes, mostly salty. There are few lakes, mostly salty.
Meaning Australian joke An Australian man fainted from a few drops of water because the rain rare occurrence for most of Australia. The Australian fainted from a few drops of water because rain is a rare occurrence in most of Australia. The Australian came to his senses from the splashed buckets of dust, because this is familiar to him, since on larger territory winds blow across the continent, carrying sand. The Australian came to his senses from the splashing buckets of dust, because this is familiar to him, since winds blow across most of the continent, carrying sand.
Conclusion Having analyzed climate maps Australia, having studied the climate of the continent based on various sources, we can conclude that Australia is the hottest and driest continent. Having analyzed the climate maps of Australia, having studied the climate of the continent based on various sources, we can conclude that Australia is the hottest and driest continent.
Resources: O.V. Krylova “Geography Lessons” O.V. Krylova “Geography Lessons” Atlas on the geography of continents and oceans. Atlas on the geography of continents and oceans. Great encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius Internet resources. Internet resources. Korinskaya, Shchenev, Dushina “Geography of continents and oceans” Korinskaya, Shchenev, Dushina “Geography of continents and oceans”
The six continents of the Earth are completely different from each other. For example, Eurasia has the most diverse climatic conditions in the world. According to the climate characteristics, we can distinguish Africa, the coldest is Antarctica. The wettest continent is South America. But Australia is the driest continent on Earth.
Reasons for low rainfall
Australia is almost divided in half. This means that tropical air predominates here. In most of the continent, dry and hot tropical masses persist throughout the year, so there is very little precipitation. Over the tropics in both hemispheres of the Earth, areas of increased atmospheric pressure. In them, the air sinks and becomes drier, which leads to constant clear weather and almost complete absence of precipitation.
Most of Australia receives no more than 250 mm of rainfall per year throughout the year. This is several times less than in the Moscow region. And given that it is much warmer, you can understand that the dryness of the air here is much greater than here.
There is another reason that it is the driest continent on Earth. These are mountains in the east of the continent. In Australia there are trade winds - winds blowing from the tropics to the equator. They are sent from the Pacific Ocean to the mainland. Meeting mountains on their way, air masses rise up the slope, raining on east coast. And in hinterland The air arrives already dry and does not produce precipitation.
Consequences of a dry climate
As a result of the arid climate, the most famous ones are located in the predominant part of Australia - Great Sandy, Gibson, Simpson. And in the area nicknamed “the dead heart of Australia,” precipitation does not exceed 125 mm. But here it’s no more than 20-30%.
There are few rivers in Australia. They mainly originate from the Great Dividing Range. The largest is the Murray with its main tributary being the Darling. But there are also rivers in the north of the continent, where it dominates subequatorial climate.
Flora and fauna of the driest continent on Earth
In such conditions, only adapted species of plants and animals that can withstand the dry climate survive. In eucalyptus trees, dense leaves turn with their edges towards sun rays to reduce evaporation. A long roots can extract water from depths of tens of meters. There are also dwarf species eucalyptus trees and tall trees. The thickets of this plant are dangerous due to frequent fires, since the essential oils contained in the leaves easily ignite spontaneously in hot and dry conditions.
Grasses (spinifex) and shrubs - acacia, various saltworts, and quinoa - are also common in deserts. The prickly pear cactus, introduced in the 20th century, quickly spread and became a harmful weed.
Of the desert inhabitants, the most interesting is the moloch - a small lizard, all covered with growths and spines. It is able to absorb moisture over the entire surface of the skin. Other animals include various birds that feed on cereal seeds, reptiles and insects.
Which continent is the driest on earth?
Strange question, isn't it? But the whole point is how to determine the driest continent on Earth.
If you take the driest place in the world, South America takes the lead. Here in the coastal Atacama Desert there is no precipitation for years. Almost the only source of moisture is fogs associated with cold weather.
In terms of average precipitation, Antarctica can also be classified as the driest continent. In most of its part, precipitation is no more than 100 mm per year, and it falls in the form of " diamond dust" - small ice needles. But due to the exceptionally cold climate, snow accumulates, forming the continental ice sheet.
But among the places inhabited by humans, the driest continent on Earth is Australia. Large reserves help out here groundwater, used both for irrigation and for watering pastures.
Another feature A The largest part of the territory falls on tropical zone. It is there that hot tropical air currents accumulate, the temperature of which in summer can reach +60 degrees Celsius. Since the continent is located just south of the equator, it receives huge amount solar energy, so summers are very hot and winters are quite cold. Precipitation is rare here. In summer in the northern part they fall under the influence monsoon winds. And only in the east, under the influence of the Pacific Atlantic trade winds, precipitation can fall all year round. Another feature of Australia is widespread deserts and semi-deserts, the length of which from west to east, right up to the mountains, is 2500 km. mountain range, which stretches along the mainland, is sparse and low, but it does not allow moist sea air currents to penetrate central part continent. Therefore, the seas that surround the continent do not affect it in any way. Ocean currents They pass around Australia in such a way that they only drain its territory, taking away masses of warm, moist air flow. Because of this, the continent, which is strongly heated by the sun, does not have time to cool. Most winds blow not from the coasts, but from the deserts, drying out the air. Under the influence of such air flow Droughts are common in winter.
We hope you now understand why Australia is the driest continent in the world. A Australia has a wide distribution of deserts and semi-deserts, the length of which from west to east, up to the mountains, is 2500 km. The mountain range that stretches along the continent is rare and low, but it does not allow moist sea air currents to penetrate into the central part of the continent. Therefore, the seas that surround the continent do not affect it in any way. Ocean currents around Australia pass in such a way that they only dry its territory, taking away masses of warm, moist air flow. Because of this, the continent, which is strongly heated by the sun, does not have time to cool. Most winds blow not from the coasts, but from the deserts, drying out the air. Under the influence of such air currents, droughts are common in winter. Australia is also poor in waterways. The most large river- Murray. Its level varies depending on the season: during drought it decreases, and during rain it rises accordingly. Arid climate and the meager amount of precipitation mean that most of the territory has no drainage to the ocean, but only a small network of short-term drainages. We hope you now understand why Australia is the driest continent in the world.
There are 6 continents on our planet, each of which is completely different from all the others. For example, Eurasia is characterized by diversity climatic conditions, Antarctica is the coldest, and Africa, on the contrary, the hottest continent. South America is considered the wettest, but the driest continent on Earth is Australia.
The uniqueness of the continent
Australia is rightly called a unique continent. It is the smallest in size and is completely located in Southern Hemisphere planets. On its territory you can find a huge number of endemic plants and animals. Large areas of Australia are occupied by deserts.
This is the only continent in the world that is completely occupied by one state with the same name. It has the lowest population density, which is only 1 person per 1 square km. The east and southwest of the Australian continent are mainly populated, which is due to unfavorable conditions for residence in other territories.
Causes of dry climate
Why is Australia the driest continent? The fact is that the continent has a tropical climate. A significant part of the continent is exposed to dry tropical masses throughout the year, so precipitation is extremely rare here. Areas of high atmospheric pressure always form over the tropics, under the influence of which the air sinks down, becoming dry. As a result of this, it is always clear here and there is practically no precipitation.
Over a large area of the continent, less than 250 mm of precipitation falls throughout the year. If compared with the European climate, this is several times less. However, the Australian climate is much warmer, so the air here is much drier than in Europe. In some regions of Australia, the air temperature is dry periods, can reach +60 degrees.
The currents of the ocean that surround the continent are located in such a way that they are capable of drying it out even more, taking on the flows humid air. In most cases, winds blow not from the ocean coast, but from the desert, carrying with them dry and hot air. Because of this, droughts often occur on the mainland.
Scientists identify another reason for the high dryness of Australia - the mountains that are located in the eastern part of the continent. The continent is dominated by trade winds that blow from the tropics towards the equator. Heading from the Pacific region to the mainland, the winds encounter an obstacle in the form of mountains, so when they rise up their slopes, they fall as rain on the coast from the eastern part of the mainland. And the air that does penetrate deep into the continent turns out to be dried out and cannot produce precipitation.
What does a dry climate lead to?
Due to the fact that in most of Australia the air is dry, large areas here are occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, including the Gibson, Victoria, etc. deserts. They occupy the central part of the continent and the Western Australian Plateau. From the western, eastern and northern parts, the deserts are surrounded by savannas.
In the area where Lake Eyre, nicknamed the “dead heart of the continent”, is located, relative humidity never exceeds 20-30%, and the amount of precipitation per year does not exceed 125 mm.
At the same time, about 1500-2000 mm of precipitation falls in the northern part of the continent. Mostly rainy season falls on summer time. The air temperature during this period averages 20 degrees, while during the dry season it can exceed 30 degrees even at night.
There are very few rivers and other natural bodies of water in Australia and they mostly originate in the Great Dividing Range area. The Murray River and its Darling tributary are the largest water arteries continent. IN northern regions continent, where the subequatorial climate predominates, there is also little small rivers, which dry out completely during dry seasons.
Animal and plant life
To survive in such conditions, representatives of flora and fauna had to adapt. For example, eucalyptus has dense leaves for this purpose, which turn towards the sun only with an edge, which helps to avoid excessive evaporation of moisture. And ten-meter roots, capable of penetrating deep into the earth, help them get water. Eucalyptus leaves contain a lot essential oils, because of which the thickets of these plants are very susceptible to fires, which is not surprising for a place with such high temperature and low humidity.
On desert areas acacias, spinifex, quinoa grow, and the prickly pear cactus brought to the continent grew very quickly, becoming a real weed.
Australia is home to many species of birds, insects and reptiles. Among desert inhabitants, the Moloch lizard is unique. The top of her body is completely covered with thorns and growths. A special feature of this reptile is its ability to absorb moisture through its skin.
IN northern regions continent's vegetable and fauna more diverse. The local forests are home to koalas, platypuses, various types parrots, echidnas, wombats and kangaroos.
Agriculture in Australia is developed only in the northern part of the continent, where there are all conditions for this. Savannas are used by people for grazing livestock.
Culture
Australia – amazing country. When for the most part peace is coming snow, Australians bask on sunny beaches. The most unique and deadly animals live here, which cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Name Australia from Latin "Terra Australis Incognita", which means "Unknown southern land" appeared during the reign of the Roman Empire.
Australia consists from 6 states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. In addition, there are two main mainland territories: the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory, as well as a number of fairly independent islands.
The capital of Australia is Canberra, most large city domestically and the 8th largest in Australia.
Geography of Australia
1. Australia – most big island And most small continent in the world.
2. Australia – driest inhabited continent on Earth, the driest is Antarctica.
One third of Australia is desert, the rest is also quite arid.
3. In Australian Snowy mountains falls annually more snow than in the Swiss Alps.
4. Australia is the only one a continent without an active volcano.
Animals of Australia
5. 6 out of 10 most poisonous species snake in the world live in Australia. Australian cruel snake or coastal taipan- the most poisonous snake in the world. The poison from one bite can kill 100 people.
6. More than 750,000 monohumps roam the Australian deserts wild camels. This is one of the largest herds on Earth.
7. Kangaroo and emu were chosen as symbols of the Australian coat of arms, since they, unlike most animals, are rarely seen moving backwards.
8. The longest living structure in the world - the Great Barrier Reef also located in Australia. Its length is 2600 km. By the way, on the Bolshoi barrier reef It even has its own mailbox.
9. Lives in Australia 3.3 times more sheep than people.
10. Wombat excrement – marsupials of Australia, have the shape of a cube.
11. Male koalas living in Australia have a forked penis, and females have two vaginas and two uteruses.
12. Koalas and humans are the only animals in the world that have unique fingerprints. Koala fingerprints are almost indistinguishable from human fingerprints..
13. The most close-up view earthworms on the ground Megascolide australis reaches a length of 1.2 meters.
Population of Australia
14. Population density in Australia is calculated in square kilometers per person, rather than in people per square kilometer as in other countries.
Here is one of the most low levels world population density, which is 3 people per kV. km. The average population density in the world is 45 people per kW. km.
15. More than 20 percent of Australians were born in another country.
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