Why is it necessary to protect the forest from fire? Characteristics and tactics of struggle
The safety of our country's forests largely depends on how carefully we all treat them. Forest fires, garbage dumps in forests, illegal and destructive logging for forests, illegal buildings in forests - this is all a consequence of man’s careless attitude towards the forest. In order to preserve forests for yourself and for future generations, you must follow a few simple rules.
While in the forest, you must follow the rules of behavior and handling of fire:
Be extremely careful with fire in the forest.
Avoid fires and smoking in or near forests with thick ground cover of mosses and lichens, on or near peat bogs, in dry, hot or windy weather.
Do not leave a burning or smoldering fire unattended; make sure the ashes and coals are completely cool before leaving the fire pit.
If you find that the forest floor has begun to burn or smolder from a thrown cigarette butt, match or fire, carefully extinguish it, fill it with water or cover it with damp soil.
More than 90% of forest and peat fires are caused by people's careless handling of fire. In some cases, natural fires are the result of deliberate arson, man-made accident or catastrophe.
Let's make a fire
When entering the forest, tourists and lovers of outdoor recreation are obliged to know and comply with fire safety requirements in the forest, treat nature with care and not cause damage to it. A fire for cooking and heating should be located in an open clearing. The place for making a fire must be ringed with a mineralized (i.e., soil cleared to the mineral layer) strip with a width of at least 0.75 - 1 m and provided with primary fire extinguishing means (2-3 shovels, buckets).
Firewood
If you plan to spend the night in the forest, then firewood should be prepared in advance. Don't cut down living trees! It's better to stock up on dead wood.
Use flammable and combustible liquids to light a fire;
Leaving a half-burnt fire unattended;
Use pyrotechnic products and other materials with a lighting effect.
When leaving the forest, the fire must be carefully covered with earth or filled with water until smoldering stops completely.
In the forest it is unacceptable:
Throwing burning matches, cigarette butts, smoldering rags in the forest
Make a fire in windy weather and leave it unattended;
Use open fire
Make a fire in dense thickets and young coniferous trees, on peat bogs, cutting areas, under low-hanging tree crowns, next to timber and peat warehouses, in close proximity to mature crops, in places with dry grass, as well as in areas of damaged forest
Use wads made of flammable or smoldering materials when hunting
Leave spontaneously combustible material in the forest - a rag, rags: cleaning material oiled or soaked in flammable substances (oil, gasoline)
Filling a vehicle tank with fuel while the engine is running, using faulty vehicles, smoking or using an open fire near vehicles being refueled
Leave bottles or shards of glass that are in sunny weather can focus Sunbeam and ignite dry vegetation
Burn dry grass on forest glades, in gardens, under trees, in clearings, as well as stubble in fields and forests
Set fire to reeds
Never leave any garbage or other foreign objects. Collect all garbage, especially cans, bottles, bags and other packaging, and throw them away in the city where a waste collection and disposal system is organized. If possible, take not only your own, but also other people’s trash thrown by other forest visitors. If it is impossible to take all the garbage with you, bury that part of it that is capable of rapid decomposition ( food waste), take the rest with you. Decomposition household waste can take from several tens to several hundred years.
What to do with garbage is up to everyone to decide for themselves. But remember that if you don’t clean up after yourself, the next time you go out into nature you risk not finding clean place recreation. Burn waste made of plastic, polyethylene and other similar materials not recommended, better to bury it. But paper wrappers, napkins, and fabric rags can be burned.
Take care of beautiful, unusual and rare plants and other living organisms - they primarily suffer from collection and damage by curious citizens. Try to treat all living things that make up the forest with respect, and instill the same respectful attitude to your friends and relatives. If possible, do not disturb the inhabitants of the forest, avoid excessive noise, do not go near bird nests or fledgling chicks. An ill-mannered and careless person in the forest is one of the main threats biological diversity forests, rare plants and animals.
Before doing anything in the forest economic activity(harvesting firewood or wood for construction or repair, commercial harvesting of mushrooms, berries, food or medicinal plants, beekeeping, etc.), study forest legislation - Forest Code and rules related to specific types use of forests. This will help avoid not only unnecessary damage to the forest, but also administrative or criminal liability for violation of forest legislation.
If a natural fire is detected, you should immediately warn all people nearby and try to leave. danger zone. You need to go out onto the road, a wide clearing, the edge of a forest, or a pond. You should move perpendicular to the direction of fire spread. If circumstances prevent you from escaping the fire, you need to enter a body of water or stop in an open clearing, covering yourself with wet clothes. Breathe better with air near the ground (it is less smoky), covering your mouth and nose with a gauze bandage or a wet rag.
Report to the authorities state power about illegal and incorrect actions that you have noticed that could cause damage to the forest or its inhabitants - destructive logging, seizure and development of forest lands, littering of forests, etc., and demand that action be taken. WITH high probability Clear cutting in green areas is illegal settlements and water protection zones of reservoirs, blocking access to rivers and lakes, forest development. Since the system of forest management bodies is constantly changing, it is best to write about violations immediately to the President or Chairman of the Government Russian Federation- by law, your appeal must be forwarded to the authority that is responsible for solving the problem you specified. Citizens' complaints show authorities that those responsible for order in the forests need help or coercion to better cope with their responsibilities.
Be sure to report the location of the fire to forest protection, administration, police, rescuers. Single telephone number: 01, s mobile phone: 112.
The forest is a place of relaxation, a source of health, vigor, and joy of life. Unfortunately, in last years Forest fires that occur due to people’s careless handling of fire or their violation of fire safety requirements have become more frequent.
The culprits most often are fishermen and summer residents who visit the forest in search of mushrooms and berries, as well as tourists and groups of people having picnics in forest areas. The cause of a fire can be an unextinguished fire, a burning match, or a cigarette butt thrown onto a dry bed of leaves.
Most common natural cause forest fires are lightning, from which fire often occurs in hot weather during dry thunderstorms. Most often, ground fires occur in forests, during which the forest floor, undergrowth and undergrowth, grass and shrub cover, dead wood, tree rhizomes, etc. burn out. IN dry period When there is wind, crown fires can occur, in which the fire also spreads along the crowns of trees, mainly coniferous species. The speed of spread of a ground fire is from 0.1 to 3 m per minute, and of a top fire - up to 100 m per minute in the direction of the wind.
Extinguishing forest and other natural fires- duty special services responsible for the preservation of the forest. For guard forest areas and reduce damage during massive fires, various preventive measures are taken in advance.
Ministry of Forestry, hunting farm and environmental management of the Republic of Mordovia warns about compliance with fire safety rules in the forest
Dear citizens, residents and guests of the Republic of Mordovia!
The Ministry of Forestry, Hunting and Nature Management of the Republic of Mordovia brings to your attention that in connection with the melting of snow cover and the establishment of positive average daily temperatures, starting from April 24, 2015, a fire season has been declared on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. In addition, on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Republic of Mordovia dated April 20, 2015 No. 202, a special fire regime was introduced on the territory of the republic until August 31, 2015. Compliance with Fire Safety Rules in forests approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2007 No. 417 , is the prevention of the occurrence emergency situations associated with forest fires.
Every year, forest fires cause millions of dollars in damage, both to nature and to people and agriculture our country. Villages and villages are affected by forest fires rural settlements, wild animals and domestic animals are dying, and entire families are left homeless.
The Ministry of Forestry, Hunting and Natural Resources of the Republic of Mordovia, on the eve of the fire season on the territory of the republic, urges you to comply with the Fire Safety Rules in forests, approved by resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2007 No. 417.
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KEEP THE FOREST FROM FIRE
Each of us has heard more than once about the importance of fire safety in the forest. This is natural, because we live in a country where the largest forest area in the world is concentrated. In turn, it helps us maintain a relatively safe environmental situation in forested regions. The forest is the lungs of the planet, so protect the forest from fire!
Many books have been written and a large number of films have been made about the benefits of forests for humans. The forest helps us to exist on our land, in the literal sense of the word, since it is a source of energy and construction material. Without forests there will be no mushrooms or berries. The forest is natural environment habitat for large quantity wild animals such as deer and bears.
Only the forest can provide a person with components for medicines, essential oils, buds, forest herbs and much more.And if fire prevention measures are not taken in advance, all this natural wealth will disappear for many centuries in a matter of hours. Each of us should have a clear understanding of the problem, because forest protection is the most relevant of the state’s current environmental measures.
Vacations, outdoor recreation, and barbecues are just around the corner. Long-awaited summer hikes, fishing, picking berries and mushrooms.
What could be more beautiful?
But remember: eight out of ten forest fires are caused by humans.
Not only the defenseless forest perishes, but along with it – animals, birds and even people; usually not the ones that caused the fire.
More than 90% of forest fires occur near populated areas, roads and production various works In the woods. The anthropogenic (human) factor is the cause 88% - 98% forest fires, and about 2 -12% accounted for
to a share meteorological conditions(lightning strike, spontaneous combustion during drought).
A forest fire is a spontaneous uncontrolled combustion with the spread of fire throughout the forest area. The combustible material in a fire is the underlying plant surface, peat, dead wood, living cover of grasses, mosses, shrubs, undergrowth, and large trees.
Depending on the type of burning material, three types of forest fires are distinguished: ground fires (litter, living grass cover, undergrowth); riding (burning mainly tree crowns); soil (peat). Almost any fire in the forest initially has the appearance of a grassroots fire and, under appropriate conditions, turns into an underground or crown fire. Ground fire can be called the main type of forest fire. Based on the speed of spread, ground and crown fires are divided into fugitive and stable. A forest fire can quickly change from one type to another or be a combination of two or even three types.
An analysis of the state of affairs with ensuring fire safety in places of recreation, recreation of people and employment of children during the summer fire-hazardous period shows that at this time the threat of fires with group deaths in medical institutions (homes and recreation centers, sanatoriums and boarding houses) increases significantly , children's health camps), at dachas and other places of recreation for citizens.
The main causes of fires are still associated with non-compliance with basic fire safety measures (careless handling of fire, children playing pranks with fire.)
While relaxing in the forest:
Do not throw away unextinguished cigarettes and matches;
Do not make fires or burn garbage;
Don't let children play with matches in the forest;
Do not leave unextinguished fires,
Be vigilant
In case of fire, call 01.
I would like to pay special attention to how to make a “SAFE FIRE”.
The following tips will help you light a fire without endangering the forest or yourself.
- During the snowless, fire-hazardous period, use for making a fire only specially equipped places or existing old fire pits, sand or pebble spits, areas from root inversion or other places where a mineral layer of soil with a diameter of at least 1.5-2 m is exposed. If such a place no, then you need to prepare it and dig around the proposed fire pit using a shovel, an ax or other available means.
- Never, even in rainy weather, do not light a fire in the middle or next to tall grass of dry cereals, near bushes, or under trees.
- Don't make a big fire. A small but well-built fire, surrounded by stones, will provide enough heat.
- Place the fire away from overhanging branches, steep slopes, rotten stumps, logs, dry grass and leaves. You should always clean the area around the fire and remove flammable materials from it. It is desirable to have it near a body of water.
- Never leave a fire unattended. Even a slight breeze can cause a fire to spread quickly. Immediately and thoroughly extinguish any fire that spreads beyond the fire pit.
- At a rest stop, it is advisable to have a container with water and a shovel with you.
- When leaving the rest stop, carefully fill the fire with water, then stir it, fill it again until it stops steaming, and make sure by touch that it has really gone out.
Forest is an irreplaceable source of essentials for human existence. resources. From biology lessons we know that plants produce oxygen, which is used in the process of life by all living beings, even the plants themselves. In addition, the forest is a permanent refuge for huge amount species of animals and insects. But one unextinguished cigarette or fire can cause irreparable harm to this part ecosystems.
A fire can consume several hectares of forest in a matter of minutes, destroying all living things in its path. Forest inhabitants, centuries-old trees, very young shoots and even nearby buildings will not be able to repel the mighty fiery force. Forest fire is the most dangerous phenomenon, because in addition to the flame, strong smoke always goes hand in hand with it. Enormous amounts of carbon monoxide are released into atmosphere, making breathing difficult and causing serious damage to nature. To restore what the fire took with it will take decades, or even centuries.
In order to avoid a forest fire, you must follow simple rules safety precautions. This knowledge is conveyed to us at school during life safety lessons. It must be remembered that when making a fire, the place for it must be fenced in advance with a small moat and the surrounding area must be cleared of branches, grass and leaves that can easily catch fire. There should be no hanging branches over the fire, because flames or sparks can reach them, and the wind will contribute to rapid dissemination fire on the crowns. But when the upper part of the trees catches fire, this is the most dangerous thing, because at altitude the speed of fire movement is significantly increased by wind gusts. After spending leisure time in the forest, you must carefully put out fire, pour water on the fire or cover it with earth. It is better to double-check several times whether the fire has really been extinguished, and only then can you leave the forest property with peace of mind.
“The forest is our wealth. Protect the forest from fire!” This slogan has been known to everyone since childhood. But from year to year with the arrival of spring and hot sunny days- Forests are burning all over the country. And one of the main causes of forest fires is human carelessness.
Vladimir Soloukhin wrote: “It is difficult to imagine cosmonauts flying on a ship and deliberately destroying the life support system designed for a long flight. If the astronauts start unscrewing screws and drilling holes in the casing, then this will have to be classified as suicide.” What are we doing, destroying nature, leaving unextinguished fires after going to the forest?
Forest is one of the most valuable natural resources. These are the lungs of our planet; it supplies about 60% of oxygen to earth's atmosphere, consumes 24 kg of carbon dioxide, which is exhaled by five thousand people.
Over the course of a year, a hectare of forest “filters” 50 - 70 tons of dust.
The forest is the earth's storehouse, from which almost all sectors of the national economy draw raw materials.
The forest has its worst enemy - fire. And everything that is created by nature or planted by man long years, can die from fire within a few hours.
Forest fire is scary. Trees have been destroyed, birds have nowhere to build a nest, animals are fleeing.
A forest fire is called natural disaster. But is it really that spontaneous?
Thus, 10% of forest fires occur due to lightning strikes and spontaneous combustion of peat, and the remaining 90% are due to human fault.
The fire may be caused by fragments glassware. They will be able to “work” like lenses - to concentrate the sun's rays.
The fire serves as a powerful source thermal radiation. The heat from it spreads not only upward, but also to the sides. Tree trunks located close to the fire become very hot at the bottom. which leads to the death of living tissues of the trunk. Strong fire also kills tree roots located near the soil surface. All this ultimately causes the death of trees. We meet such dead trees - victims of forest fires - in the forest. This is a silent reproach to people who do not protect the forest. To prevent tree trunks from being damaged by heat rays. the fire should be lit no closer than 10 meters from the trees.
Fire scares everyone away forest inhabitants. This is always an alarm signal for wild animals, birds, insects. Usually, when they see him, they flee.
If a fire burns in the forest, then owls, blackbirds and other birds leave their nests within a radius of 100 - 150 meters, leave for a long time, and the incubated eggs have time to cool down and the clutch dies.
Even the most the right way a fire lit and then carefully extinguished can cause a fire, if even a small spark remains inside the firebrand or half-burnt wood, it can flare up under the influence of the wind. Therefore, you cannot make a fire in the forest unnecessarily.
Violators of fire safety rules in the forest may be fined. If a fire occurs, a criminal case is initiated. Violators are severely punished.
The most common cause of disasters in the forest: unextinguished fires, abandoned cigarette butts, matches, burning dry grass. In hot, dry weather, a spark is enough to start a fire, especially in a coniferous forest.
Remember! It is easier to extinguish a forest fire in the first minutes of its occurrence. If time is lost, it will take a lot of people and equipment to put out the fire, which will cause great damage. In a ground fire, a fire up to 1 meter high moves at a speed of 1 km/h with a flame temperature of 200-400 ºС.
You can extinguish a small ground fire (burning grass, small bushes) with a bunch of branches from hardwood. It is necessary along the edge of the fire with outside from a fire, it is inclined to strike with branches, somewhat pressing them to the edge and sweeping the fire inside the flame border.
If the fire is so large that it cannot be overwhelmed by branches, then protective earthen strips are arranged. They serve as a line to stop a fire. Crown fires are much more dangerous when the fire spreads to the crowns of trees. The only and very important help in case of such a fire is to immediately report it to the forestry, forestry, fire department, police.